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The document describes an electrolytic cell invention with a mobile mercury cathode. It consists of an elongated electrolytic compartment connected to a disamalgamation apparatus. The amalgam produced in the electrolytic compartment flows down the inclined bottom into the apparatus. There, it divides into drops on graphite or other conductive pieces, reacting with water to form an alkali metal hydrate and hydrogen. Regenerated mercury is pumped back up through a return pipe to re-enter the electrolytic compartment and generate fresh amalgam in a continuous closed cycle process.
The document describes an electrolytic cell invention with a mobile mercury cathode. It consists of an elongated electrolytic compartment connected to a disamalgamation apparatus. The amalgam produced in the electrolytic compartment flows down the inclined bottom into the apparatus. There, it divides into drops on graphite or other conductive pieces, reacting with water to form an alkali metal hydrate and hydrogen. Regenerated mercury is pumped back up through a return pipe to re-enter the electrolytic compartment and generate fresh amalgam in a continuous closed cycle process.
The document describes an electrolytic cell invention with a mobile mercury cathode. It consists of an elongated electrolytic compartment connected to a disamalgamation apparatus. The amalgam produced in the electrolytic compartment flows down the inclined bottom into the apparatus. There, it divides into drops on graphite or other conductive pieces, reacting with water to form an alkali metal hydrate and hydrogen. Regenerated mercury is pumped back up through a return pipe to re-enter the electrolytic compartment and generate fresh amalgam in a continuous closed cycle process.
ELECTROLYTIC CELL WITH MOBILE MERCURY CATHODE F i l e d Ap ri l 17 , 1947 H B _ _ F i . 5 INVENTOR. ~ 0 e ' o / v z / a J ar/ Var ) P at e n t e d Mar. 6 , 1951 UNITED STATES P ATENT 2, 544, 138 OF F ICE 2, 544, 138 ELECTROLYTIC CELL WITH MOBILE MERCURY CATHODE Oro n z i o d c No ra, Mi l an o , It al y Ap p l i cat i o n Ap ri l 17 , 1947 , Se ri al No . 7 41, 97 8 In It al y J un e 16 , 1941 ' Se ct i o n 1, P ubl i c Law 6 90 , August 8 , 1946 P at e n t e x p i re s J un e 16 , 196 1 1 Cl ai m. 1 Thi s i n v e n t i o n re l at e s t o a co n t i n uo us cl o se d cy cl e e l e ct ro l y t i c ce l l wi t h a mo bi l e me rcury cat ho d e . E El e ct ro l y t i c ce l l s wi t h mo bi l e me rcury cat h o d e s hav e be e n use d i n i n d ust ry f o r t he p re p ara t i o n o f hy d rat e s o r sul p hi d e s o f al k al i me t al s an d chl o ri n e , an d are subst an t i al l y co mp o se d o f ' t wo co mp art me n t s arran ge d si d e by si d e , i n o n e o f whi ch t he e l e ct ro l y t i c p re p arat i o n o f t he amal gam i s e ?e ct e d whi l e i n t he o t he r co mp art me n t t he amal gam i s d e co mp o se d by sui t abl e re age n t s. The me rcury i s re mo v e d f ro m t he , d e co mp o si t i o n co mp art me n t an d e l e v at e d i n o rd e r t o re e n t e r t he ?rst co mp art me n t an d re ge n e rat e ' n e w amal gam. The p re se n t i n v e n t i o n has as i t s o bj e ct a p ar t i cul ar d i sp o si t i o n o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c ce l l an d asso ci at e d ap p arat us so as t o co n si d e rabl y re d uce t he q uan t i t y o f me rcury e mp l o y e d , t he co p p e r n e ce ssary f o r t he co n n e ct i o n o f t he ce l l s i n ci r cui t an d t he surf ace o ccup i e d by t he ce l l an d asso ci at e d ap p arat us. ' Acco rd i n g t o t he p re se n t i n v e n t i o n , t he p l an t co mp ri se s an e l o n gat e d e l e ct ro l y t i c ce l l hav i n g i t s bo t t o m i n cl i n e d so t hat t he mo bi l e cat ho d e wi l l ?o w l o n gi t ud i n al l y t he re o f f ro m o n e e n d t o ward t he o t he r, an d a d i samal gamat i o n ap p arat us co n n e ct e d wi t h t he ce l l f o r re ce i v i n g t he mo bi l e cat ho d e . The d i samal gamat i n g ap p arat us i s co n st ruct e d i n such a man n e r as t o e f f e ct t he sub d i v i si o n o f t he amal gam ?o wi n g t hro ugh t he same an d i n cre ase t he d urat i o n o f co n t act wi t h t he d i samal gamat i n g age n t . F re e d me rcury i s t ak e n f ro m t he d i samal gamat i n g ap p arat us an d re t urn e d t o t he up p e r e n d o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c ce l l t hro ugh a t ube l y i n g p aral l e l t o t he ce l l but o p p o si t e l y i n cl i n e d so t hat t he me rcury i n t ro d uce d i n t o t he t ube wi l l ?o w t o t he up p e r i n l e t e n d o f t he ce l l . In o rd e r t o f aci l i t at e an un d e rst an d i n g o f t he p re se n t i n v e n t i o n , re f e re n ce i s mad e t o t he an n e x e d d rawi n gs i n whi ch: 7 F i gure 1 i s t he sche mat i c l o n gi t ud i n al se ct i o n al v i e w o f t he p l an t acco rd i n g t o t he i n v e n t i o n ; F i g. 2 i s a si mi l ar v i e w o f a sl i ght l y mo d i ?e d f o rm o f t he p l an t ; an d F i gure 3 i s a p l an Vi e w o f t he p l an t o f F i g. 1. F i gure 1 sho ws t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t A co n n e ct e d wi t h t he d i samal gam' at i o n ap p arat us B, f ro m whi ch t he me rcury , by me an s o f a p ump C, i s rai se d i n t he t ube D, whi ch f e e d s t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t A. The cy cl e i s cl o se d an d co n t i n uo us. _ F i gure 2 sho ws a mo d i ?e d f o rm o f t he p l an t i n whi ch t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t A i s co n , 10 15 20 25 8 0 40 45 50 20 4-220 ) 2 n e ct e d t o t he p ump 0 , whi ch f e e d s t he d i samal ga mat i o n ap p arat us B, f ro m whi ch t he me rcury , by me an s o f t he t ube D re t urn s t o t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t A. 1 F i gure 3 re p re se n t s t he co up l i n g o f t wo e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t s as t ho se d e scri be d i n F i gure 1 an d co n n e ct e d e l e ct ri cal l y i n se ri e s. ' Acco rd i n g t o F i g. 1 an e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t A hav i n g a l e n gt h e q ual t o at l e ast t e n t i me s i t s wi d t h, i s f e d wi t h an al mo st sat urat e d so l ut i o n o f an al k al i me t al chl o ri d e , an d t he re i s o bt ai n e d an amal gam o f so d i um o r p o t assi um t o ge t he r wi t h t he f o rmat i o n o f chl o ri n e . The p ro d uce d al k al i me t al amal gam run s d ue t o grav i t y d o wn al o n g t he i n cl i n e d bo t t o m o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t an d i s f e d by me an s o f a sho rt co n d ui t t o t he d i samal gamat i o n co mp art me n t B, t hro ugh whi ch t he amal gam p asse s i n a d o wn ward v e rt i cal d i re ct i o n . The ap p arat us B co mp ri se s a t an k wi t h ad e q uat e se ct i o n an d he i ght wi t h re f e re n ce t o t he cap aci t y o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c ap p arat us, co n t ai n i n g wat e r o r a so l ut i o n o f al k al i me t al hy d rat e , i n whi ch re gul ar o r i rre gul ar shap e d p i e ce s o f grap hi t e o r si mi l ar mat e ri al are i mme rse d an d p l ace d as ?l l i n g. The se p i e ce s o f grap hi t e can be subst i t ut e d by p i e ce s o f o t he r co n d uct i n g ma t e ri al . , The amal gam co mi n g f ro m t he co mp art me n t A, f al l i n g v e rt i cal l y o n t he p i e ce s o f grap hi t e o r si mi l ar mat e ri al , d i v i d e s i n t o d ro p s, e f f e ct i n g an i n t i mat e co n t act be t we e n t he amal gam, grap hi t e an d wat e r wi t h t he f o rmat i o n o f al k al i me t al hy d rat e an d hy d ro ge n . ' Wi t h t he o bj e ct o f p ro d uci n g so l ut i o n s o f sul p hi d e s o f al k al i me t al s wi t h t he amal gam, t he ap p arat us B sho ul d be sui t abl y bui l t o r co v e re d wi t h n o n -co n d uct i n g mat e ri al , an d wi l l co n t ai n a so l ut i o n o f al k al i me t al p o l y sul p hi d e an d i n st e ad o f t he me t al l i c ?l l i n g, a n o n -co n d uct i n g ?l l i n g such as st o n e , gl ass o r si mi l ar mat e ri al s. The re ge n e rat e d me rcury f l o ws, d ue t o grav i t y , i n t o t he p ump C f ro m t he re act i o n ap p arat us an d . i s rai se d by t he p ump t hro ugh t he v e rt i cal p o rt i o n o f t he re t urn p i p e D t o a he i ght e q ual t o t he he i ght o f t he d i samal gamat o r p l us t wi ce t he d i f f e re n ce i n l e v e l be t we e n t he t wo e n d s o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t whe re t he n i t ?o ws by grav i t y d o wn t he o t he r p o rt i o n o f t he p i p e D whi ch has a sl o p e e q ual an d o p p o si t e t o t hat o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t . The sai d o t he r p o rt i o n o f p i p e re t urn s t he re ge n e rat e d me rcury at E abo v e an i n l e t me rcury se al F t o f e e d t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t A an d t o ge n :e rat e f re sh amal gam. The cy cl e i s co n t i n uo us. 2, 544, 138 3 . The wo rk i n g o f t he ap p arat us i l l ust rat e d i n F i gure 2 i s p e rf e ct l y an al o go us t o t hat o f F i g. 1, t he v ari at i o n s d e ri v i n g o n l y f ro m t he re l at i v e p o si t i o n s o f t he v ari o us p art s. What I cl ai m i s: A co n t i n uo us cy cl e e l e ct ro l y t i c ce l l wi t h mo bi l e me rcury cat ho d e , co mp ri si n g i n co mbi n at i o n an e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t hav i n g an e l o n gat e d " " an d n arro w f o rm, t he l e n gt h be i n g at l e ast t e n t i me s t he Wi d t h, wi t h a sl i ght l y i n cl i n e d bo t t o m, t he sl o p e be i n g o n l y t hat n e ce ssary f o r assur i n g t he f l o w o f t he me rcury an d a v e rt i cal d i s amal gamat i o n d e v i ce p o si t i o n e d f o r v e rt i cal grav i t y f l o w o f t he amal gam f ro m t he e l e ct ro l y t i c co mp art me n t t he re t hro ugh, t he d i samal gama t i o n d e v i ce be i n g d i sp o se d n e ar t he o ut l e t e n d o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c ce l l , t wo p o rt i o n s o f p i p e s p ro v i d i n g co n n e ct i o n s f o r t he re t urn o f -me rcury t o t he ce l l f ro m t he d i samal gamat o r, o n e o f sai d , p i p e p o rt i o n s be i n g v e rt i cal an d ' o f a l e n gt h e q ual t o t he he i ght o f t he d i samal gamat o r p l us t wi ce t he d i ?e re n ce i n l e v e l be t we e n t he t wo e n d s o f t he ce l l f o r co n v e y i n g me rcury f ro m, t he 10 15 20 bo t t o m o f t he d i samal gamat o r t o a p o i n t as. hi gh abo v e t he l o we r e n d o f t he ce l l as t wi ce t he 25 d i f f e re n ce i n l e v e l o f t he t wo e n d s o f t he e l e c rt ro l y t i c ce l l , t he o t he r p o rt i o n o f p i p e hav i n g a 4 sl o p e e q ual an d o p p o si t e t o t hat o f t he e l e ct ro l y t i c ce l l , an d be i n g a co n t i n uat i o n o f t he ?rst re ci t e d p i p e p o rt i o n f o r co n v e y i n g me rcury t o t he i n l e t e n d o f t he ce l l , a me rcury se al at t he i n l e t e n d o f t he ce l l , sai d o t he r p o rt i o n o f p i p e hav i n g i t s d e l i v e ry e n d abo v e t he me rcury i n sai d se al , a sho rt co n d ui t co n n e ct i n g t he o ut l e t o f t he ce l l t o t he i n l e t o f t he d i samal gamat o r, an d p ump me an s at t he l o we st e n d o f t he v e r t i cal p o rt i o n o f p i p e . ORONZIO DE NORA. REF ERENCES CITED The f o l l o wi n g re f e re n ce s are o f re co rd i n t he f i l e o f t hi s p at e n t : UNITED STATES P ATENTS Numbe r > Name Dat e 50 1, 7 8 3 He rmi t e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J ul y 18 , 18 93 951, 229 . Whi t i n g _ _ _ _ _ _ l _ _ _ _ _ _ Mar. 8 , , 1910 2, 0 8 3, 6 48 Go rk e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ J un e 15, 1937 2, 316 , 6 8 5 Gard i n e r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ap r. 13, 1943 ' F OREIGN P ATENTS Numbe r Co un t ry Dat e 310 , 8 7 2 It al y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Se p t . 11, 1933