Clean Columns Help:

1) You must Enable Macros in order for the spreadsheet "Clean Columns" to work.
If the buttons on the worksheets don't work the Macros are not enabled.
If you are not prompted as to whether or not you want to enable macros when you open Clean Columns there are two possible reasons.
!irst E"cel's macro security may be too hi#h. $o correct this select "$ools" from the menu bar then select "Macros" then "%ecurity".
$he "%ecurity" form will open. Choose the "Medium" or "&ow" settin# on the "%ecurity &e'el" tab. Close then re(open Clean Columns.
If the pro#ram still does not work the second reason macros may not work is that some anti('irus software will identify the macros in this spreadsheet
as a 'irus and remo'e or disable them from the file. If this happens the spreadsheet will not function properly. Contact your computer
administrator for help in correctin# these problems.
)) If you are #ettin# errors while runnin# Clean Columns such as "*ath not !ound" or "Can't find *ro+ect or &ibrary"
%et the Error $rappin# ,ption in E"cel's -isual .asic Editor to ".reak on /nhandled Errors"
$o do this #o to the "$ools" menu select "Macro" then "-isual .asic Editor". $he -isual .asic Editor window will open.
You can also use 0lt(!11 to open the window.
%elect "$ools" from the menu bar at the top then select ",ptions". $he ",ptions" form will open.
1o to the "1eneral" tab. %elect ".reak on /nhandled Errors" from the "Error $rappin#" options.
Return to Main Sheet
If you are not prompted as to whether or not you want to enable macros when you open Clean Columns there are two possible reasons.
!irst E"cel's macro security may be too hi#h. $o correct this select "$ools" from the menu bar then select "Macros" then "%ecurity".
$he "%ecurity" form will open. Choose the "Medium" or "&ow" settin# on the "%ecurity &e'el" tab. Close then re(open Clean Columns.
If the pro#ram still does not work the second reason macros may not work is that some anti('irus software will identify the macros in this spreadsheet
as a 'irus and remo'e or disable them from the file. If this happens the spreadsheet will not function properly. Contact your computer
If you are #ettin# errors while runnin# Clean Columns such as "*ath not !ound" or "Can't find *ro+ect or &ibrary"
$o do this #o to the "$ools" menu select "Macro" then "-isual .asic Editor". $he -isual .asic Editor window will open.
Return to Main Sheet
Clean Columns -12.1
Least weight is not least cost.
Least weight is not least cost.
Least weight is not least cost.
$he %teel %olutions
3
Center is your #ateway to powerful tools facts and pro+ect solutions.
Calcualtions are based on AISC 2005 Specification,
Design Guide !"# and Design Guide $ 2nd %dition&
'al( to )our *a+orite *abricator# or consult chapter " o* Design Guide 13 *or more
in*ormation on the cost o* sti**ener and doubler plates&
$his spreadsheet has been prepared in accordance with information made a'ailable to the 0merican
Institute of %teel Construction Inc. 0I%C Marketin# &&C and the %teel %olutions Center &&C at the
time of its preparation. 4hile it is belie'ed to be accurate it has not been prepared for con'entional use
as an en#ineerin# or construction document and should not be used or relied upon for any specific
application without competent professional e"amination and 'erification of its accuracy suitability and
applicability by a licensed en#ineer architect or other professional. 0I%C 0I%CM and %%C disclaim any
liability arisin# from information pro'ided by others or from the unauthori5ed use of the information
contained in this spreadsheet.
Clean Columns calculates the
lightest column section
re,uired to eliminate sti**ener
and doubler plates&
Enter Now
Comments6 7uestions6 -isit us online at www.aisc.or#80%90I%C or
contact us at solutions:aisc.or# or toll free at ;<<.0%9.0I%C
What's New in
Version 13.1
$rademarks licensed from 0I%C
-ro.ect: 0ny %teel *ro+ect 1=82=8)=1>
Client:
.est 0rchitect E'er
%ngineer: ?@E
Remar(s:
Interior ColumnsA &ines . C and E
!/ Summar) o* Assumptions:
2/ Connection Con*iguration:
.eams Conected on .oth %ides
.eams are not Connected Bear the $op of the Column =.== in
!lan#e(*lated
!lan#e *late $hickness C =.D== in
.ottom *late 4idth C ;.== in
$op *late 4idth C <.== in
"/ 0eam Section:
.eam %ectionA 4)>"E>
<2D kip(ft 0llowable *lastic Moment
$/ 1orces and Material -roperties:
)==D 0%F %pecification for %tructural %teel .uildin#s
D= ksi Column %pecified Minimum Yield %tren#th
D= ksi .eam %pecified Minimum Yield %tren#th
= kips Column %tory %hear 5/ Resultant 1orces 2a positi+e +alue indicates compression/
= kips Column 0"ial &oad 11G kips $otal *anel(Hone %hear !orce
= kips .eam 0"ial &oad @i#ht %ide DE kips $op !lan#e !orce @i#ht %ide
1)1 kIft .eam Moment @i#ht %ide (DE kips .ottom !lan#e !orce @i#ht %ide
= kips .eam 0"ial &oad &eft %ide (D; kips $op !lan#e !orce &eft %ide
1)= kIft .eam Moment &eft %ide D; kips .ottom !lan#e !orce &eft %ide
3/ Column Design Results:
&i#htest &i#htest &i#htest &i#htest &i#htest &i#htest
4; 41= 41) 41> 41< 41;
456$0 4!07$5 4!27$5 4!$7$5 4!3750 4!5755
88 4!0755 4!2793 4!$752 4!375: 4!57$3
88 4!0755 4!2793 4!$752 4!375: 4!5755
Clean Columns ;!"&! was de'eloped to return the li#htest column section that can be used without stiffeners and8or doubler plates to de'elop a
specified percenta#e of a selected beam's plastic moment capacity based on the criteria in AISC Design Guide Series #13 and the 2005 AISC
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings. $he desi#n of the column for a"ial load capacity is not considered.
$he effects of a composite concrete floor slab are not considered in the analysis. $he connection is assumed to be part of a frame resistin# wind or low seismic
forces. In other words the structure is desi#ned to meet the reJuirements in the 0I%C %pecification for %tructural %teel .uildin#s with no special seismic detailin#.
$he panel 5one is assumed to remain nominally within the elastic ran#e. ,ther assumptions apply. @e'iew all the assumptions by clickin# on the button abo'e.
K!
y
)
c
C
K!
y
)
b
C
K-
s
)
$
C
K*
c
)
$
C -
p
C
K*
b
)
@
C K*
f
)
$@
C
M
@
C K*
f
)
.@
C
Bo %tiffener
*lates @eJuired
Bo Foubler
*lates @eJuired
Bo %tiffener
*lates or Foubler
*lates @eJuired
$his spreadsheet has been prepared in accordance with information made a'ailable to the 0merican Institute of %teel Construction Inc. 0I%C Marketin# &&C and the
%teel %olutions Center &&C at the time of its preparation. 4hile it is belie'ed to be accurate it has not been prepared for con'entional use as an en#ineerin# or
construction document and should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional e"amination and 'erification of its accuracy
suitability and applicability by a licensed en#ineer architect or other professional. 0I%C 0I%CM and %%C disclaim any liability arisin# from information pro'ided by
others or from the unauthori5ed use of the information contained in this spreadsheet.
!i#ure 1A Connection Confi#uration
K*
b
)
&
C
M
&
C
M
p
8
b
C
K*
f
)
$&
C
K*
f
)
.&
C
:/ Column Calculations:
-ro.ect: 0ny %teel *ro+ect 1=82=8)=1>
Client:
.est 0rchitect E'er
%ngineer: ?@E
Remar(s:
Interior ColumnsA &ines . C and E
Clean Column Design Calculations *or a 4!27$5 Column: ASD
Clean Columns -D.=
I/ 1orce 'rans*er in <nrein*orced Columns
0) @eJuired %tren#th for &ocal !lan#e and 4eb &imit %tates Flange-lated Connection!
Design for a "2#$%# Bea& )>.2= in *late $hickness C =.D= in
Bea&s on Bot' Sides =.;; in .ottom *late 4idth C ;.== in
@i#ht %ide &eft %ide $op *late 4idth C <.== in
.eam 0"ial &oad = kips = kips
.eam Moment 1)1 kIft 1)= kIft
.eam !lan#e !orces Ka positi'e 'alue indicates compression) )>.;= in
DE kips (D; kips
(DE kips D; kips
1 Ma7imum 'ension 1orce 20ottom 1lange/ 59 (ips K0bsolute -alue)
= Ma7imum Compression 1orce 2'op 1lange/ 59 (ips K0bsolute -alue)
.) @eJuired %tren#th for *anel(Hone %hear
Moment Connected .eams on .oth %ides
= kips Column %tory %hear
!!: (ips 'otal -anel =one Shear 1orce
Fesi#n Check for Column %ectionA 41)">D
D= ksi
FB0 Fistance Kin) from the column end to the top flan#e of the beamKs)
FB0 Fistance Kin) from the column end to the bottom flan#e of the beamKs)
=.E= K&@!F) 1.<G K0%F)
1).1= in =.2> in 12.1
= kips
2E2 kips
1)) kips *anel(Hone %hear Bominal %tren#th
G2 kips
.) !lan#e &ocal .endin#A $ensile !orce K)==D %epcification %ection ?1=.1) 1
=.E= K&@!F) 1.<G K0%F)
=.D; in Column !lan#e $hickness
1.== C
C
1.= otherwise
1=2 kips &ocal !lan#e .endin# Bominal %tren#th
<) kips
%ee EJ. 2.)= of Fesi#n 1uide L> )nd Edition for E"tended End *lates
d
b
C
t
bf
C
K*
b
)
@
C
M
@
C
d
m
C
K*
f
)
$@
C
K*
f
)
.@
C
-
s
C
;
p
>
II/ Design Strength o* an <nrein*orced Column
!
yc
C
d
top
C
d
bot
C
0) 4eb *anelHone %hear K)==D %pecification %ection ?1=.<)
!or Calculation *urposes the beha'ior of the panel 5one remains nominally within the elastic ran#e.

C
C
d
c
C t
cw
C 0
C
C
in
)
*
r
C @eJuired column a"ial stren#th *
r
CK*
c
)
$
*
c
C
*
c
C*
y
K&@!F) *
c
C=.<*
y
K0%F) where *
y
CK!
y
)
c
0
c
@
n
C
@
a'
C 0'ailable %tren#th @
n
K&@!F) @
n
8 K0%F)

C
C
t
f
C
=.D if the distance from the end of the column to the closer face
of the beam tension flan#e is less than 1=tf
0'ailable %tren#th @
n
K&@!F) @
n
8 K0%F)
( P
f
)
TR
=
( P
b
)
R
2
+
M
R
d
m
( P
f
)
TL
=
( P
b
)
L
2

M
L
d
m
m
R R b
BR f
d
M
2
) (P
) (P = ( P
f
)
BL
=
( P
b
)
L
2
+
M
L
d
m
K*
f
)
$&
C
K*
f
)
.&
C
K*
b
)
&
C
M
&
C
s BL f T R f p
V ) P ( ) (P V =
d
m
C d
b
Mt
p
t
p
C
t
C
@
n
C
C @
a'
C
C
2
n f y t
R 6.25(t ) F C =
C) 4eb &ocal Yieldin#A $ensile and Compressi'e !orces K)==D %pecification %ection ?1=.))
1.== K&@!F) 1.D= K0%F)
w C =.)D in
B C 1 in &en#th of .earin#
=.2> in Column 4eb $hickness
1).1= in Column Fepth
1.= C
C 1.= otherwise
k C 1.=; in
1=G kips &ocal 4eb Yieldin# Bominal %tren#th
G1 kips
%ee EJ. 2.)> of Fesi#n 1uide L> )nd Edition for E"tended End *lates
F) 4eb Cripplin#A Compressi'e !orce K)==D %pecification %ection ?1=.2)
=.GD K&@!F) ).== K0%F)
w C =.)D in
B C 1 in &en#th of .earin# =.=; N =.)
=.2> in Column 4eb $hickness
1).1= in Column Fepth
=.D; in Column !lan#e $hickness
1.= C
C 1.= otherwise
=.)D C
1DG kips 4eb Cripplin# Bominal %tren#th
GE kips
E) 4eb Compression .ucklin#A Compressi'e !orce on .oth %ides of the Column K)==D %pecification %ection ?1=.D)
=.E= K&@!F) 1.<G K0%F)
=.22D in Column 4eb $hickness
1).1= in Column Fepth
k C 1.=; in
1.= C
C 1.= otherwise
h C E.E> in
1=E kips Compression .ucklin# Fesi#n %tren#th
<D kips

C
C
t
w
C
d
c
C
C
t
C
=.D if the distance from the end of the column to the closer face
of the beam tension flan#e is less than d
c
Fistance from the outside face of column flan#e to the
web toe of the flan#e(to(web fillet
@
n
C
@
a'
C 0'ailable %tren#th @
n
K&@!F) @
n
8 K0%F)

C C
B8d
c
C
t
w
C
d
c
C
t
f
C
C
t
C
=.D if the distance from the end of the column to the closer face
of the beam tension flan#e is less than d
c
8)
B
d
C 2KB8d
c
) if d
top
O d
c
8) or if d
top
N d
c
and B8d
c
N =.)
>B8d
c
(=.) if d
top
N d
c
and B8d
c
O =.)
@
n
C
@
a'
C 0'ailable %tren#th @
n
K&@!F) @
n
8 K0%F)

C
C
t
w
C
d
c
C
Fistance from the outside face of column flan#e to the
web toe of the flan#e(to(web fillet
C
t
C
=.D if the distance from the end of the column to the closer face
of the beam tension flan#e is less than d
c
8)
Hone of column web sub+ect to compression bucklin# Kout(of(plane) hCd
c
()k
@
n
C
@
a'
C 0'ailable %tren#th @
n
K&@!F) @
n
8 K0%F)
4
B
@einforcin#
!illet 4eld

4 B
@einforcin#
!illet 4eld
4!27$5
!!: (ips :" (ips
Doubler -lates are Re,uired? !30@ o* Column Capacit)
G1 kips
GE kips
<D kips
59 (ips 35 (ips
Ao Sti**ener -lates are Re,uired& 59@ o* Column Capacit)
<) kips
G1 kips
59 (ips 32 (ips
Ao Sti**ener -lates are Re,uired& 95@ o* Column Capacit)
III/ Column Design Summar):
0) Foubler *lates @eJuired if -
p
O @
a'
for *anel Hone %hear
$otal *anel Hone %hear
!orce ;
p
>
*anel(Hone 0'ailable
%hear %tren#th >
.) %tiffener *lates are @eJuired if *
f
O @
a'
for Compression
&ocal 4eb Yieldin#
0'ailable %tren#th C
4eb Cripplin# 0'ailable
%tren#th C
Concentrated Compression
!orce -
*
>
Compression .ucklin#
0'ailable %tren#th C
R
a+
>
C) %tiffener *lates are @eJuired if *
f
O @
a'
for $ension
&ocal !lan#e .endin#
0'ailable %tren#th C
Concentrated $ension
!orce -
*
>
&ocal 4eb Yieldin#
0'ailable %tren#th C
R
a+
>
Instructions *or Clean Columns ;!"&!
!/ ;eri*) the Assumptions
2/ Connection Con*iguration
"/ Select 0eam
$/ 1orces and Material -roperties
%elect the desi#n methodolo#y K&@!F or 0%F) to use for desi#n.
Enter the forces. Enter ser'ice loads for '0%F' desi#n and factored loads for &@!F desi#n.
0 'alue of 5ero for the column shear is conser'ati'e.
$he column a"ial load can be taken as the a'era#e of the a"ial load abo'e and below the +oint.
5/ Resultant 1orces
$he resultant forces applied to the column at the beam flan#es or flan#e plates are displayed.
3/ Column Design Results
:/ Column Calculations
5/ Instructions *or Calculation Sheet
-erify that the assumptions made in the formulation of the spreadsheet apply to the desi#n criteria at hand. It is important to
ensure that the user has carefully identified the assumptions made in the analysis and has accepted them as applicable to the
particular desi#n situation at hand. Click abo'e to re'iew these assumptions. !urther information can be found in the 2005
AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings( Design Guide #13( and Design Guide ##( 2nd )d.
%elect whether or not a beam is connected to one side of the +oint or both sides of the +oint. $he connection confi#uration
affects the amount of reJuired shear stren#th in the panel(5one calculations. It is conser'ati'e to select a beam connected on
both sides of the column or to i#nore the contribution of #ra'ity loads. 0fter choosin# the desired option check the dia#ram at
the top of the pa#e to see if the situation shown matches the desired connection confi#uration.
If the connection occurs near the top of the column or the top story of a frame place a check in the bo" by clickin# on it with
the cursor. If the connection does not occur near the top of the column remo'e the check in the bo" by clickin# on it with the
cursor. 4hen the bo" has a check in it a line askin# for the distance from the top of the top beam flan#e to the column end
appears. *ro'ide this information if the connection is located near the top of the column. $he smaller the distance entered
the more conser'ati'e the calculations will become.
%et the connection type. $he calculations in this spreadsheet for directly welded flan#e and flan#e(plated moment
connections are based on Fesi#n 1uide L12. $he eJuations ha'e been updated to comply with the )==D %pecification for
%tructural %teel .uildin#s. $he only difference between the calculations for a directly welded flan#e and a flan#e(plated
moment connection is the 'alue of the moment arm used to determine the beam flan#e forces.
$he calculations for e"tended end(plate moment connection are based on the Fesi#n 1uide L> )nd Ed. $he 'alue of the
moment arm used to determine the beam flan#e forces is si#nificantly #reater than that used for the directly welded flan#e
connection. $he column stren#th 'alues for &ocal !lan#e .endin# &ocal 4eb Yieldin# 4eb Cripplin# and Compression
.ucklin# of the web are all effected by the type of connection.
0fter choosin# the desired options check the dia#ram at the top of the input sheet to see if the situation shown matches the
desired connection confi#uration.
%elect a beam from the pull down menus. $he first menu lists the nominal depths of a'ailable members. %elect a nominal
depth by clickin# on the menu bo" and hi#hli#htin# the desired depth with the mouse. $he second menu lists the sections
a'ailable for the nominal depth selected. $he beams are separated into flan#e #roups with a space between #roups. %elect
a section by clickin# on the menu bo" and clickin# on the desired hi#hli#hted section with the mouse. $he beam selected is
assumed to be the same on either side of the +oint if the connection confi#uration is set to '.eam Connected on .oth %ides'
K%ee step L> for Connection Confi#uration instructions). $he asterisk shown with the desi#nation of some sections refers to
special detailin# reJuirements set forth for these members in the 0I%C manuals. $hese sections are mainly intended for use
as columns.
$he 'Column Fesi#n @esults' section shows the li#htest columns for each nominal depth for three cases those that do not
reJuire stiffener plates those that do not reJuire doubler plates and those that reJuire neither stiffener plates nor doubler
plates. $he columns are separated by nominal depths. $he rows separate whether the column is the li#htest section that
does not reJuire stiffener plates Kwithout re#ard as to whether doubler plates are reJuired) the li#htest column that does not
reJuire doubler plates Kwithout re#ard as to whether stiffener plates are reJuired) and the li#htest column that does not reJuire
either form of reinforcement.
In order to 'iew the calculations for any column click on the button labeled 'Click to %elect a Column %ection and -iew
Column %tren#th Calculations'. %elect a column section from the pull down menus and click ',9'. $his will open a new sheet
and display the force transfer calculations and the column stren#th calculations.
$hese pa#es display the force transfer and column stren#th calculations for the column chosen on the form acti'ated on the
main pa#e. 0cti'ate the main pa#e by clickin# on one of the '@eturn to Main %heet to Chan#e Fesi#n *arameters or Column
%ection' buttons. $he user can chan#e the column section or the desi#n parameters pro'ided on the main pa#e. Bo data is
entered or or chan#ed on this sheet. It is only for the display of the calculations for a particular column section. Bone of the
'alues can be chan#ed on this sheet only 'iewed and printed.
Assumptions in Clean Columns ;!"&!
!/ 4ind# BoC8Seismic# and High8Seismic Applications
2/ 'he -arameter DAD
"/ %**ects o* Composite 1loor Construction
$/ 4eb SidesCa) 0uc(ling
5/ -anel =one 0eha+ior
3/ Connection ')pes
!or the purposes of this spreadsheet wind low(seismic and hi#h(seismic applications are defined as follows. 4ind and low(
seismic applications are those for which the structure is desi#ned to meet the reJuirements in the &@!F %pecification with no
special seismic detailin#. $his includes all applications for which the structural response is intended to remain in the nominally
elastic ran#e and the response modification factor @ used in determination of seismic forces if any is not taken #reater than
2.
Pi#h(seismic applications are those for which inelastic beha'ior is e"pected in the beams or panel(5ones as a means of
dissipatin# the ener#y induced durin# stron# #round motions. %uch buildin#s are desi#ned to meet the reJuirements in both
the &@!F %pecification and the 0I%C %eismic *ro'isions and a response modification factor @ that is appropriate for the le'el
of detailin# reJuired for the moment(frame system selected is used in the determination of seismic forces. 0dditionally the
moment connections used in hi#h(seismic applications ha'e special seismic detailin# that is appropriate for the moment(frame
system selected.
$he 'ariable 'B' is used to determine the stren#th of the column for the &ocal 4eb Yieldin# and 4eb Cripplin# limit states. 'B'
is the 'ertical width o'er which the force from the beam flan#e is transferred to the column flan#e or to the end(plate in an
e"tended end(plate moment connection. $he 'alue for 'B' is taken as the beam flan#e or flan#e plate thickness plus )w. 'w' is
the le# si5e of fillet weld or #roo'e weld reinforcement of the weld of the beam flan#e or flan#e plate to the column flan#e.
If a composite moment connection is used between the beam and column the appropriate detailin# and force transfer model
must be applied. In this spreadsheet the moment from the beam(to(column connection is assumed to be transferred throu#h
eJual and opposite forces in the flan#es of the beam to the column flan#e. $here is no redistribution of the forces due to
compression in the concrete floor.
It is assumed that lateral mo'ement between the loaded compression flan#e of the column and the tension flan#e of the
column is restrained at the point of application of the concentrated force at the beam flan#e. $herefore the 4eb %idesway
bucklin# limits state does not need to be checked.
!or calculation purposes the beha'ior of the panel(5one remains nominally within the elastic ran#e. $his assumption i#nores
si#nificant post(yield panel(5one stren#th. 0t the same time it must be reali5ed that inelastic deformations of the panel(5one
can si#nificantly impact the stren#th and stability of the frame. 0ccordin#ly a hi#her stren#th can #enerally be utili5ed as lon#
as the effect of inelastic panel(5one deformation on frame stability is considered in the structural analysis. $herefore it is
conser'ati'e for panel(5one stren#th e'aluation to consider the panel(5one to remain in the elastic ran#e as this spreadsheet
does.
$he calculations in this spreadsheet for directly welded flan#e and flan#e(plated moment connections are based on Fesi#n
1uide L12. $he eJuations ha'e been updated to comply with the )==D %pecification for %tructural %teel .uildin#s. $he only
difference between the calculations for a directly welded flan#e and a flan#e(plated moment connection is the 'alue of the
moment arm used to determine the beam flan#e forces.
$he calculations for e"tended end(plate moment connection are based on Fesi#n 1uide L> )nd Ed. $he 'alue of the
moment arm used to determine the beam flan#e forces is si#nificantly #reater than that used for the directly welded flan#e
connection. $he column stren#th 'alues for &ocal !lan#e .endin# &ocal 4eb Yieldin# 4eb Cripplin# and Compression
.ucklin# of the web are all effected by the type of connection.
Fesi#nation 0 d h k *H %hear %tr. &!. &4Y 4C C.4
in. Kd()Ik) in. in. in. in.
41; " 211 E1.; )).2) 1D.;= 1.D) ).G> 1).==D 2.)<) <11 1>=; ;D) 1D2< 2;DD
41; " );2 ;2.> )1.;D 1D.;1 1.> ).D 11.;E 2.=)) DD1 11G) G); 1)E; 2=1=
41; " )D; G<.1 )1.>< 1D.;) 1.); ).2 11.GG ).;)) >E> EE) <)2 1=;E ))EE
41; " )2> <E.1 )1.=< 1D.;= 1.1< ).11 11.<D ).<2) >>= ;2D D); E== 1G12
41; " )11 <).> )=.<G 1D.;1 1.=< 1.E1 11.DDD ).>2) 2E> <;> >>G G>; 12=G
41; " 1E) D<.G )=.2D 1D.;1 =.E< 1.GD 11.>DD ).)G) 2D) DG> 2;= <1G EG1
41;"1GD D1.2 )= 1<.=) =.;E 1.DE 11.> 1.EE= 2)= >G> 21= D)< G<2
41;"1D; ><.2 1E.G 1<.=) =.;1 1.>> 11.2 1.;>= );G 2;E )<) >2D DGD
41;"1>2 >).1 1E.D 1<.=< =.G2 1.2) 11.) 1.G)= )D< 2)G ))1 2D< >)=
41;"12= 2;.) 1E.2 1<.1= =.<G 1.) 11.) 1.<== )22 )G= 1E= )EE 2)>
41;"11E 2D.1 1E 1<.=; =.<DD 1.=< 11.2 1.><= ))> )11 1G= )G2 2=2
41;"1=< 21.1 1;.G 1<.=) =.DE =.E> 11.) 1.2>= 1EE 1<< 1>) ))= )))
41;"EG );.D 1;.< 1<.=< =.D2D =.;G 11.1 1.)G= 1GE 1>) 1)) 1;2 1<D
41;";< )D.2 1;.> 1<.=< =.>; =.GG 11.1 1.1G= 1DE 111 1=) 1>< 11E
41;"G< )).2 1;.) 1<.=> =.>)D =.<; 11 1.=;= 12E ;G ;> 11D ;2
41;"G1 )=.; 1;.D 1<.=; =.>ED =.;1 G.<> 1.)1= 1<D 1)2 1=; 1DG 121
41;"<D 1E.1 1;.> 1<.1= =.>D =.GD G.DE 1.1D= 1>E 1=D E> 121 E;
41;"<= 1G.< 1;.) 1<.== =.>1D =.<ED G.D< 1.1== 12< E1 ;2 111 GG
41;"DD 1<.) 1;.1 1<.=> =.2E =.<2 G.D2 1.=2= 1)G G> G2 EG <>
41;"D= 1>.G 1; 1<.=< =.2DD =.DG G.D =.EG) 11D <1 <2 ;= >;
41;">< 12.D 1;.1 1<.=; =.2< =.<=D <.=< 1.=1= 11G <E <G ;> D=
41;">= 11.; 1G.E 1<.=D =.21D =.D)D <.=) =.E)G 1=1 D) D> <> 2>
41;"2D 1=.2 1G.G 1<.=D =.2 =.>)D < =.;)G E< 2> >< D> )E
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