Unit 2 Chapter 14 Answers

Page 1 of 10
Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 14 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

Chapter 14 Permutations and Combinations

Try these 14.1

(a) 6! =720
(b) 7! =5040
(c) 6! =720

Try these 14.2

(a)
7
P
6
=5040
(b)
8
P
4
=1680
(c)
20
P
12
=60 339 831 552 000

Try these 14.3
(a)
7!
420
3! 2!
=

(b)
10!
453600
2! 2! 2!
=

(c)
11!
4 989 600
2! 2! 2!
=

Try these 14.4
(a) (i) No. of arrangements =
10!
1 814 400
2!
=
(ii)
Any of the two Is
No. of arrangements =
9!
362 880
2!
=
(b) (i). No. of different numbers formed =
6!
180
2! 2!
=

(ii). No. of even numbers

=150

Exercise 14A

1 MANGO
The word consists of 5 distinct letters
Number of permutations =5! =120
2 There are 6 distinct digits
Number of permutations =6! =720
3 EXAMPLE consists of 2 Es and 5 other letters
Number of arrangements =
7!
2!
=2520
9! 2
5 4 3 2 1 5
2!2!
Page 2 of 10


4 Number of ways =4! =24
5 Number of numbers =4! =24
6 Since all letters are different we can arrange 4 out of 9 letters in
9
P
4
ways =3024
7
25
3
25!
13800
22!
P = =
8
6
P
5
=720
9 Since all digits are different
7
P
5
=2520
10 TRIGONOMETRY consists of 12 letters including 2 Ts, 2 Rs and 2 Os
Number of permutations
12!
2!2!2!
= =59 875 200
11 POSSIBILITIES has 13 letters including 3 Ss and 4 Ts
13!
3! 4!
=
=43 243 200

12 J UNEPLUM has 8 letters including 2 Us
8!
20 160
2!
= =
(a) (UU) J NEPLM can be arranged in 7! ways
7! =5040
(b) 20 160 5040 =15 120
13 CELEBRATION has 11 letters including 2 Es
Number of arrangements
11!
19 958 400
2!
= =
Put the two Es together and treat as one unit
The Number of arrangements =9! =3628800
14 PROBABILITY has 11 letters including 2 Bs and 2 Is
11!
2!2!
= =9979200
Place the two Is together and treat as one unit
10!
2!
= =1 814 400
15 Number of digits to be arranged =8
A number will be even if it ends in 2, 2, 4, 8
Treating all numbers as if they are distinct the numerator is
7 6 5 4 3 214
Number of even nos. =
7 6 5 4 3 214
2!

=10 080
16 POMMECYTHERE has 12 letters including 2 Ms and 3 EsNumber of letter =12
(a) Number of permutations
12!
39 916 800
2!3!
= =
(b) Place the two Ms together and arrange with the other 10 letters
11!
6 652 800
3!
= =
(c) Number of permutations where the two letters M are not next to each other
=total number of permutations number of permutation with the Ms together

12! 11!
33 264 000
2!3! 3!
= =
17 Place all 7 people together
Page 3 of 10


Number of arrangements =7! =5040
Any of the 4 boys can take the first position with any of the remaining 3 in the last position
Number of arrangements 4 5 4 3 2 1 3 =
=4 5! 3
=1440
18 (a) We can start with a 3 or 4 and end with a 4 or 6
Number of arrangements starting with a 3 and ending with a 4 or a 6 1 2 1 2 =
=4
Number of arrangements starting with a 4 and ending with a 6 1 2 1 1 =
=2
Total number of even numbers between 2000 and 6000 using the digits 1, 3, 4, 6 =4 +2
=6
19 (a) RANDOM has 6 letters
There are two vowels (AO) and 4 consonants (RNDM)
Treat the four consonants as one unit
We can arrange the four consonants in 4! ways
We can arrange the two vowels with the four consonants together in 3! ways
Total number of arrangements with the four consonants together =4! 3!
=24 6 =144
(b) Each arrangement has any of the four consonants in the first position and any of the two
vowels in the last position
Number of arrangements 4 4 3 2 1 2 =
=4 4 3 2 1 2
=192
20 (a) There are 8 students
(b) Treat Partap, Kimberly and Mitera as one unit
Number of arrangements of three people =3!
Number of arrangements of six people =6!
(i.e. 5 others and Partap, Kimberly and Mitera an 1)
Total number of arrangements =3! 6!
=4320
(c) Number of arrangements where Safiyyah and Alex do not sit next to each other
=Total number of arrangements number of arrangements with Safiyyah and Alex next
to each other
Treat Safiyyah and Alex as one unit
Number of arrangements with Safiyyah next to Alex =7! 2!
Number of arrangements where Saffiyah and Alex do not sit next to each other
=8! 7! 2!
=40 320 10 080
=30 240
21 (a) HUMMING has 7 letters including 2 Ms
7!
2520
2!
= =
(b) Place the two Ms together and treat as one unit
Number of arrangements of six letters =6!
Number of arrangements with the Ms together =6! =720
(c) Number of arrangements where the Ms are not together
=total number of arrangements number of arrangements with 2 Ms together
=2520 720
Page 4 of 10


=1800
22 J AMAICA has 7 letters including 3 As
(a) Treat the 3As as one unit
J , M, I, C AAA
(b) Only the letter J can go in the first position and the letter C in the last position:
15 4 3 211
3!

=20
23 CONCLUSION has 10 letters including 2 Os, 2 Cs and 2 Ns
Consonants: C, N, C, L, S, N
Vowels: O, O, U, I
(a) Place all the consonants together
5! 6!
2! 2! 2!
=

=10 800
(b) We can begin with any of the six consonants and end with any of the four vowels

6 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4
2! 2! 2!
=

=120 960
(c) Treat the four vowels as one unit
7! 4!
2! 2! 2!
=

=15 120
(d) Treat the two Cs as one unit
9!
2!2!
=
=90 720
24 1, 2, 3, 4, 1
(a) We must end with a 1 or 3
Number of odd numbers
4 3 213
2!
=
=36
(b) We must end with a 2 or 4
Number of even numbers
4 3 212
2!
=
=24
(c) There is only one possible digit for the last position
Number of numbers
4 3 211
2!
=
=12

Try these 14.5

F F E E D I R N T
There are 2 Fs and 2 Es, and 5 distinct letters.
Possible choices are:

Page 5 of 10


0 Es and 0 Fs =
5
C
3
=10
0 Es and 1 F =
5
C
2
=10
0 Es 2Fs =
5
C
1
=5
1 E and 0 Fs =5C
2
=10
1 E and 1 F =
5
C
1
=5
1 E and 2 Fs =1
2 Es and 0 Fs =
5
C
1
=5
2 Es and 1 F =1
Total no. of choices =47

Exercise 14B

1 SIMPLE consists of 6 distinct letters
The number of ways of choosing 4 letters =
6
C
4
=15
2 The number 98 685 321 consists of 8 distinct digits.
The number of ways of choosing 5 digits is
8
C
5
=56
3 Number of choices =
7
C
2
=21
4 Since the athletes are all different the number of choices =
20
C
4
=4845
5 Number of choices of 2 cars =
10
C
2
=45
6 Number of ways in which the team can be chosen =
12
C
6
=924
7
25
C
11
=4 457 400
8
5
C
3
=10
9
10
C
5

5
C
3
=2520 or
10
C
2

8
C
5
=2520 or
10
C
5

8
C
3
=2520
The order in which they fill the tables makes no difference, once any two tables are filled, the
remaining friends all sit at the third table.

10
8
C
5

6
C
4
=840
11

Number of people to be chosen =5
(a) Since there are no restrictions we choose 5 from 13
13
C
5
=1287
(b) The various combinations are:
1 woman and 4 men
2 women and 3 men
3 women and 2 men
4 women and 1 man
5 women
Number of choices with at least 1 woman
=
6
C
1

7
C
4
+
6
C
2

7
C
3
+
6
C
3

7
C
2
+
6
C
4

7
C
1
+
6
C
5

=1266
OR
Number of choices with at least 1 woman
=number of choices without restriction number of choices with no women
=
13
C
5

7
C
5

=1266
(c) Let us divide the group into men and women, with a particular man (PM) and a particular
woman (PW)
Page 6 of 10


Number of teams with the man =
1
C
1

11
C
4
=330
Number of teams with the woman =
1
C
1

11
C
4
=330
Total number of teams with the particular man or woman but not both
=
11
C
4
+
11
C
4
=660
12

(a) Since there are no restrictions, number of possible committees =
15
C
6
=5005
(b) There must be 3 men and 3 women
number of possible committees =
7
C
3

8
C
3
=1960
(c) Since we must have at least one man, possibilities are:
1M 5W, 2M 4W, 3M 3W, 4M 2W, 5M 1W, 6M
number of possible committees
=
7
C
1

8
C
5
+
7
C
2

8
C
4
+
7
C
3

8
C
3
+
7
C
4

8
C
2
+
7
C
5

8
C
1
+
7
C
6

=392 +1470 +1960 +980 +168 +7
=4977
OR
Number of choices with at least one man =
number of choices without restriction number of choices with no men =5005
8
C
6

=5005 28
=4977
13 GULABJ AMOON has 11 letters including 2 As and 2 Os
The remaining letters are G U L B J M N
(a) Number of choices with 2 Os and no As =
7
C
2

Number of choices with 2 Os and 1 A =
7
C
1

Number of choices with 2 Os and 2 As =1
Total =
7
C
2
+
7
C
1
+1 =29
(b) Number of choice with one A and one O =
7
C
2
=21
14 (a)
18
C
5
=8568
(b)
8
C
2

10
C
3
=3360
(c) Possible teams are
3B 2G, 4B 1G, 5B 0G
Number of choices =
8
C
3

10
C
2
+
8
C
4

10
C
1
+
8
C
5

=3276
(d) Since the team consists of at least one boy, possible teams are
1B 4G, 2B 3G, 3B 2G, 4B 1G, 5B 0G
Number of choices =
8
C
1

10
C
4
+
8
C
2

10
C
3
+
8
C
3

10
C
2
+
8
C
4

10
C
1
+
8
C
5

=1680 +3360 +2520 +700 +56 =8316
OR
Number of choices with at least one boy
=total number of choices number of choices with all girls
=
18
C
5

10
C
5

=8316
15 (a)
1
C
1

6
C
3

3
C
2

5
C
4
=300
(b)
3
C
1

6
C
2

5
C
2
=450
(c)
2
C
1

3
C
2

5
C
3

5
C
2
=600
Page 7 of 10


16

(a)
11
C
4
=330
(b) Possible teams are
1B 3G, 2B 2G, 3B 1G, 4B 0G
Number of possible teams =
7
C
1

4
C
3
+
7
C
2

4
C
2
+
7
C
3

4
C
1
+
7
C
4

=28 +126 +140 +35 =329
OR
Number of possible teams =total number of teams number of teams with all girls
=
11
C
4

4
C
4

=329
(c) There must be 2 boys and 2 girls
number of possible teams =
7
C
2

4
C
2

=126
17 20 problems
Integration by parts =5
Substitution =4
Partial fractions =6
Recognition =5
(a)
5
C
1

4
C
1

6
C
1

5
C
1
=600
(b)
5
C
2

5
C
4
+
5
C
2

6
C
2
+
5
C
2

5
C
2
+
5
C
2

4
C
1

6
C
1
+
5
C
2

4
C
1

5
C
1
+
5
C
2

6
C
1

5
C
1
=1050
(c)
4
C
4
+
6
C
4
+
5
C
4
+
5
C
4
=26

Review Exercise 14

1 PARAMETRIC consists of 10 letters with 2 As and 2 Rs
10!
907 200
2! 2!
= =

2 10! =3 628 800
3 (a) EQUATION.
Number of arrangements =8! =40 320
(b) E U A I O
Number of vowels =5
We must start with any of the 5 vowels and end with any of the remaining 4.
We now have 6 letters to arrange in the middle as follows:

Number of arrangements =(5 4) (6!) =14 400
4
25
C
2

28
C
2
=113 400
5
12
C
3

9
C
3

6
C
3

3
C
3
=369 600
6 (a) 8! =40 320
(b) No one can be seated next to a person of the same sex

4! 4! 2 =1152
7 (a) 5! 2! =240
Page 8 of 10


(b) 6! 240 =480
8 41 138 216
To be odd the number must end with 1, 1, 1 or 3

7! 4
3360
3!
=
9 (a) BACKSPACE

9!
90 720
2! 2!
=

(b)
2 2 7!
5 040
2! 2!
=

(c)
8!
20 160
2!
=
10 9 W 6 M
(a) 15!
(b) 10! 6! =2 612 736 000
(c)

10
6
10!
9! 9!
4!
P =
11 T T N N A G E
5
C
4
=5
12 (a) 7! =5040
(b) 5! 3! =720
(c) 7! 6! 2! =3600
13 (a)
10
C
6
=210
(b)
7
C
6
=7
(c) Varieties: 3 purple, 5 red, 2 blue
3 P 2R 1B
3
C
3

5
C
2

2
C
1
=20
3 P 1R 2B
3
C
3

5
C
1

2
C
2
=5
2 P 3R 1B
3
C
2

5
C
3

2
C
1
=60
2 P 2R 2B
3
C
2

5
C
2

2
C
2
=15
1 P 3R 2B
3
C
1

5
C
3

2
C
2
=30
Number of ways to choose at least one rose of each colour =20 +5 +60 +15 +30
=130
14 (a) TOBAGO

6!
360
2!
=
(b)
15!
60
2!
=
(c)
A 4! G
2 24
2!
=
(d) Number of selections with no 0s =
4
C
4
=1
Number of selections with one 0 =
4
C
3
=4
Number of selections with two 0s =
4
C
2
=6
Total number of selections =1 +4 +6 =11
(e) Number of selections with 2 0s =
4
C
2
=6
W W W W W W W W W
Page 9 of 10


15 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
55! 600 =
Even numbers end with 0, 2 or 4

Endwith0 5 4!1 120
Endwith2,4 4 4! 2 192
Total 312
=
=
=

16 8 boys and 2 girls
8!
2 G B B B B B B B B 1 G

Possible seating arrangements =8! 2 =80 640
17 10 men and 10 women
Possible committees are:
all men, 2 men and 1 woman, 2 women and 1 man, all women
10
C
3
+[
10
C
2

8
C
1
+
10
C
1

9
C
2
+
10
C
3
=120 +360 +360 +120
=960
18 REVERSE
7!
420
2!3!
=

There are six positions for the letters V and S in between the other letters.
They can be arranged in
6
2
P different ways

6
2
5!
300
3! 2!
P
=

19 I S O S C E L E S
9!
30 240
3! 2!
=

The Es can go in eight positions, so they can be arranged in
8
2
P different ways
Arrangements with the Es separate =
8
2
7!
23 520
3! 2!
P
=

20 CHAGUANAS
9!
60 480
3!
=
AAA CHGUNS
37!1
2520
3!
=
21 A A D V N C E
Number of choices with no As =
5
C
4
=5
Number of choices with 1 A =
5
C
3
=10
Number of choices with 2 As =
5
C
2
=10
Total number of choices =25 25
Number of choice with 2 As =
5
C
2
=10
22 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4
Page 10 of 10


Number of 5-digit numbers
6 5 4 3 2
120
3!
= =
Number of 6-digit numbers
6!
120
3!
= =
Total number of 5- or 6-digit numbers =120 +120 =240
23 FURTHER

7!
2520
2!
=
RR F U T H E
There are 2 Rs
Number of choices with no Rs =
5
C
4
=5
Number of choices with one R =
5
C
3
=10
Number of choices with two Rs
5
2
10 C = =
Number of ways of choosing four letters =5 +10 +10 =25
24 (a)
9!
15 120
2! 3! 2!
=

(b) Consider the letters as TTT 6others.

7!
1260
2! 2!
=

25 AIRFLOWS has 8 letters, all different
Number of arrangements of letters =8! =40 320
A I O R F L W S

Arrange the consonants in 5! ways
There are 6 positions to place the three vowels, so they can be arranged in
6
P
3
ways
Number of arrangements with vowels separated =5!
6
P
3
=14 400

Unit 2 Chapter 14 Answers

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Unit 2 Answers: Chapter 14 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

=43 243 200

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