CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
A!br0ken!! Background of The Problem
English is a compulsory subject of education in Indonesia. It demands students to
master four language skills. Those skills are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. One
of the four skills above which plays a significant role in mastering English is speaking. As
a skill, speaking is the most used skill by people rather than the three other skills.
According to ack !. "ichards, learners conse#uently often evaluate their success in
language learning as well as the effectiveness of their English course on the basis of how
well they feel they have improved in their spoken proficiency.
$rom the statement above, it can be concluded that most of language learners study
English in order to develop their proficiency in speaking. %esides, many language
learners regard speaking ability as the measurement of knowing a language. These
learners define fluency as the ability to converse with others, much more than the ability
to read, write, or comprehend oral language.
They regard speaking as the most important skill that they can ac#uire, and they
assess their progress in terms of their accomplishments in spoken communication. Even,
one of the current models in literary of language education stated that language is a
communication& not only a set of rule. It means that government and school with the
model of language competences should prepare learners to communicate with the
language in order to participate in the target language community itself.
The success in learning English is generally seen through the speaking ability.
'owadays, although learners have learned English for years, many of them are still
incapable to use English orally. These may be caused by the limitation of opportunity to
practice, lack of vocabulary, or psychological factors which more concern to the fear of
making mistakes when speaking English.
The activities in teaching learning process are able to be supported by some tools, and
those tools are called media for teaching. As (unarto )*+,,- ./ says that media for
teaching are the tools that can be used to deliver lesson materials from the teacher to the
learners, which can stimulate students0 thought and desire to learn. Those affect the
teaching1learning process to be more effective. As a result, through media the students
can be helped to get the purpose of speaking.
Actually, many English teachers have reali2ed the importance of media to encourage
the students to predict, read, and respond the materials. 3owever, it is not enough for the
teachers just to know the function of media, because not all of that media can be
categori2ed as the good one. There are some criteria in implementing media for teaching.
Therefore, the teachers have to be able to select the tools, prepare the content, and use the
media well.
According to %rown ),455-*,/ there are seven factors that influence students0 success
to speak English, they are- ,/ unwillingness to speak, */ low e6pectations of success, 7/
unattainable aims and objectives, ./ unsuitable syllabus, 8/ poor materials and not
compensated by good teachers, 9/ inade#uate teacher training, 5/ incompetence class
teaching and lack of interest in speaking.
%ased on all factors above, in most cases, the teacher often fails to attract students0
attention by using an inappropriate techni#ue. That is why teacher should be able to find
suitable techni#ue in teaching speaking in order the students are interested in the
language. In do some techni#ues, the teachers should provide the media. They need media
because based on curriculum *+,7, in teaching learning activities students should do
observation through media so that the teachers should provide it.
Afterwards, in the process of using, the teacher should consider the availability of the
infrastructures and then take practice before applying the media in the class, and also
getting students0 participation. (unarto )*+,,- 9/ states that teacher must provide the
infrastructure, for instance, the class, the auditorium, and the electricity. Then, the teacher
should also take practice before delivering the media, in order to decrease the mistake.
Afterwards, learners0 performance or participation is also re#uired in the process of using
the media, in order to build interactive class.
%ased on the development of technology, many of schools have had facilities to
support teaching and learning process. At least, they already have wireless networks,
laptops, and projectors. Those facilities are the basic tools to run the three processes of
media implementation. 3owever, not all of the teachers can deliver good instructional
media, because the processes of accomplishment are uncompleted. 3ence, it is necessary
to investigate how far the teachers have prepared the instructional media in teaching
learning process, and whether the teachers have fulfilled the criteria of good instructional
media or not.
Although the teachers have provided the media to deliver the lesson, the media used
are tend to be monotonous. Teachers seldom give the varieties media to the students.
Therefore, the students feel bored and do not interested in learning English. (ome
students often find so many difficulties in order to state their opinion by using English.
They felt unconfident to speak in English because they are afraid of making mistakes that
will make them become shamed in front of their friends or their teacher and they are also
afraid of their friends judge them that they are too arrogant to use the language.
Therefore, it has become such a big homework for teacher to increase students0 interests
in studying English and make them to be brave to state their opinions in using English
language. One of the alternative ways that can be used by the teachers is by using some
media in the class activity that supposed to be a way to create the communication
between the students so that they can speak in English.
B!br0ken!! Identification of the roblem
%ased on the background of the problem, this research identifies some problems. The
first one is about learning1teaching process of speaking in senior high school. (econd, the
problems that appears during learning1teaching process of speaking. Third, the focus on
several media that are usually used in learning teaching process. The last one is about
how effective media in improving speaking ability of senior high school students.
1!br0ken!! :o the learning1teaching process of English especially speaking in senior high
school run well;
2!br0ken!! <hat problems appear during the learning1teaching process of speaking;
3!br0ken!! :o some teachers give the variations of media in teaching speaking;;
4!br0ken!! <hat is the appropriate media in improving students speaking for senior high
school students;
5!br0ken!! 3ow do the teachers deliver the lesson through media ;
6!br0ken!! 3ow effective the media that teachers used in improving students0 speaking ;
There are three steps in implementing the media for teaching& it begins from selecting
the teaching aids, preparing the contents of media, and using the media. %ut, not all of the
teachers are able to deliver good instructional media. Actually, in the process of selection,
the teachers should be able to choose the appropriate teaching aids based on the need of
class, because the technology has been developed, and the school certainly provides the
media. (o the teachers have such opportunity. Afterward, in the process of preparing
media, many teachers do not provide instructional media )content of media/ which fulfill
the indicators of good instructional media. Then, in the process of using the media, the
teachers should provide the infrastructures that have been e6isted in the school, taking
practice by themselves, and get students to be participated in teaching learning process,
but not all of the teachers use multimedia.
C!br0ken!! !imitation of the roblem
The object of this problem will be limited to the senior high school students. This
analysis only focuses on media used by teacher in teaching speaking in (=A' *
>ayakumbuh.
(ome of the teachers do not deliver the lesson with the appropriate media. If the
teachers utili2e school facilities, the teachers can run the processes of selecting and using
media for teaching. %ased on the identification above, that is why the researcher wants to
see more deeply about the media which is used in teaching speaking as the problem of
this research, because the teachers need to fulfill more indicators to prepare appropriate
media for teaching speaking in senior high school.
D!br0ken!! "ormulation of the roblem
%ased on the limitation of the problem, it can be formulated as follows-
3ow do the teachers improve students speaking through media at (=A ' *
>ayakumbuh;? Is it effective or not;
E!br0ken!! Re#earch $ue#tion#
1!br0ken!! <hat are the kinds of media teachers used in teaching speaking at =A ' *
>ayakumbuh;
2!br0ken!! <hat are the indicators that the teachers fulfill in assessing students0 speaking
at (=A ' * >ayakumbuh;
3!br0ken!! 3ow do the media work in the class;
F!br0ken!! Puro#e of the re#earch
The purposes of this research are- $irst, to e6plain about the using of media in
learning teaching process. (econd, to show how effective the use of media can help the
senior high school students in improving their ability in speaking.
This research is conducted in order to describe the teachers0 media that are used in
teaching speaking, analy2e the types of media that the teachers often use to teach lesson
materials, and then to analy2e the indicators the teachers fulfill or perhaps do not obey.
G!br0ken!! %ignificance of the re#earch
In this research, it will be focused on how effective the media used in learning and
teaching process. It is e6pected that the findings of this research contribute the
improvement of senior high school students in improving students0 speaking ability. This
research is also e6pected to give the contribution for English teachers in senior high
school to use variety media in learning1teaching process.
It is e6pected that the findings of this research can contribute to the improvement of
teachers0 media for teaching speaking )considering the criteria of appropriate media/.
H!br0ken!! Definition of &e' Term#
=edia - the materials that uses sight and sound to present information.
(peaking ability- such kind of ability in showing or responding messages.ssages
Effectiveness - the e6tent to which an activity fulfils its intended purpose or
function.