Important Mathematical Formulas

Maths Formulas
1. (a + b)(a b) = a
2
b
2


1. (a + b + c)
2
= a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ 2(ab + bc + ca)

1. (a b)
2
= a
2
+ b
2
2ab

1. (a + b + c + d)
2
= a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
+ 2(ab + ac + ad + bc
+ bd + cd)

1. (a b)
3
= a
3
b
3
3ab(a b)

1. (a b)(a
2
+ b
2
m ab) = a
3
b
3


1. (a + b + c)(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
-ab bc ca) = a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3

3abc = 1/2 (a + b + c)[(a - b)
2
+ (b - c)
2
+ (c - a)
2
]

1. when a + b + c = 0, a
3
+ b
3
+ c
3
= 3abc
1. (x + a)(x + b) (x + c) = x
3
+ (a + b + c) x
2
+ (ab + bc +
ac)x + abc
1. (x a)(x b) (x c) = x
3
(a + b + c) x
2
+ (ab + bc +
ac)x abc

1. a
4
+ a
2
b
2
+ b
4
= (a
2
+ ab + b
2
)( a
2
ab + b
2
)

1. a
4
+ b
4
= (a
2
2ab + b
2
)( a
2
+ 2ab + b
2
)

1. a
n
+ b
n
= (a + b) (a
n-1
a
n-2
b + a
n-3
b
2
a
n-4
b
3
+..
+ b
n-1
)
(valid only if n is odd)
1. a
n
b
n
= (a b) (a
n-1
+ a
n-2
b + a
n-3
b
2
+ a
n-4
b
3
+
+ b
n-1
)
{where n N)
1. (a b)
2n
is always positive while -(a b)
2n
is always
negative, for any real values of a and b

1. (a b)
2n
= (b a)
2
and (a b)
2n+1
= (b a)
2n+1


1. if and are the roots of equation ax
2
+ bx + c = 0, roots
of cx + bx + a = 0 are 1/ and 1/.
if and are the roots of equation ax
2
+ bx + c = 0, roots
of ax
2
bx + c = 0 are - and -.

1.
n(n + l)(2n + 1) is always divisible by 6.

3
2n
leaves remainder = 1 when divided by 8

n
3
+ (n + 1 )
3
+ (n + 2 )
3
is always divisible by
9

10
2n

+

1
+ 1 is always divisible by 11

n(n
2
- 1) is always divisible by 6

n
2
+ n is always even

2
3n
-1 is always divisible by 7

15
2n-1
+l is always divisible by 16

n
3
+ 2n is always divisible by 3

3
4n
4
3n
is always divisible by 17

n! + 1 is not divisible by any number between 2 and
n
(where n! = n (n l)(n 2)(n 3).3.2.1)
for eg 5! = 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 and similarly 10! =
10.9.8.2.1= 3628800

1. Product of n consecutive numbers is always divisible by
n!.

1. If n is a positive integer and p is a prime, then n
p
n is
divisible by p.

1. |x| = x if x 0 and |x| = x if x 0.

1. Minimum value of a
2
.sec
2
+ b
2
.cosec
2
is (a + b)
2
; (0 <
< 90)

for eg. minimum value of 49 sec
2
+ 64.cosec
2
is (7 +
8)
2
= 225.
2. among all shapes with the same perimeter a circle has the
largest area.

1. if one diagonal of a quadrilateral bisects the other, then it
also bisects the quadrilateral.

1. sum of all the angles of a convex quadrilateral = (n
2)180

1. number of diagonals in a convex quadrilateral = 0.5n(n
3)

1. let P, Q are the midpoints of the nonparallel sides BC and AD of
a trapezium ABCD.Then,
APD = CQB.