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- Fossil Fuels
The remains of plants and animal, preserved from an earlier era inside a rock or other geological deposit.
In other words fossil fuels are energy rich substance that have formed from long buried plants and micro-organisms.
- Fossil Fuels
The remains of plants and animal, preserved from an earlier era inside a rock or other geological deposit.
In other words fossil fuels are energy rich substance that have formed from long buried plants and micro-organisms.
- Fossil Fuels
The remains of plants and animal, preserved from an earlier era inside a rock or other geological deposit.
In other words fossil fuels are energy rich substance that have formed from long buried plants and micro-organisms.
Taibah University Fossil Fuels Faculty of Science Chemistry Department Supervised by : Dr. Amal Ibrahim Presented by: Zubaydah Abdullah The fuels of the past & the fuels for the future Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petroleum $ " Conclusion Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion There are many sources of energy in our world. We can get energy from the sun, from wind, from falling water etc We can also get energy from materials that contain stored energy. We call these materials fuels. One of our most important sources of energy today is fossil fuels. Introduction " Fossil Fuels The remains of plants and animal, preserved from an earlier era inside a rock or other geological deposit. In other words fossil fuels are energy rich substance that have formed from long buried plants and micro" organisms. Denition [ 1 ][ 2 ] Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements ! Hydrogen is best fossil fuel. Its chemical reactivity is very high, which makes pure hydrogen unavailable in nature. ! Carbon is much inferior fuel element in comparison to hydrogen and also highly reactive. Availability of pure carbon is also poor. ! Sulfur is bad fuel element, contribute very little to heat value and leads to hostile environment for the combustion control system and surrounding Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion How do you get fossil fuels? " They are removed from the ground through mining or pumping. Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion Classication
" There are three main types of fossil fuels: ! Solid Fuels ! Coal ! Crude oil residue ! Non fossil fuels #Biomass, Industrial Residue, Animal Dung$ ! Gaseous Fuels ! Natural Gas !CNG & LPG" ! Men made gaseous fuels #Coal Gas, Producer Gas, Biogas$ ! Liquid Fuels ! Aviation Fuel ! Kerosene ! Petrol ! Diesel ! Heavy Fuel Oils ! Non conventional #non fossil$ fuels Coal is used mainly to produce electricity. It provides light, motive power from electric motors and many electronic devices. Oil provides mobility for vehicles like cars, planes, trains etc... Natural gas is a fossil fuel made up of hydrocarbons. its major constituents are methane and ethane. They are called "fossil fuels" because: they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals. Classication Classication Fuel Mix Pie Chart Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion Solid Fuels : Coal most carbon intensive fuel of fossil fuels " Coal is a mixture of the degradation products of plant and animals. It is associated with di%erent proportions of inorganic matter. " Coal is thus an intimate mixture of complex organic mass and inorganic matter. " Coal is also known as: combustion organic rock composed of primarily of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. " After burning it gives enormous heat which is used to generate power. It is also used in manufacturing of steel, fertilisers, pesticides etc
Solid Fuels : Coal Coal supplies 23& of the total global primary energy demand. The two major uses for coal : " steel production #70& of the steel produced$
" electricity production #38& of global electricity$ Solid Fuels : Coal Air Pollution from a Coal#Burning Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion Gaseous Fuels : Natural Gas " Natural gas is a fossil fuel made up of hydrocarbons. Its major constituents are : methane #85&$ and ethane #10&$. " Its major impurities are : nitrogen ,carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide which are removed during the time of rening. Natural gas is considered as an environmental friendly fuel because of low carbon dioxide emissions and therefore it is the fuel for the present century and has high potential. Gaseous Fuels : Natural Gas " Present in gaseous phase or in solution in the crude oil in the underground reservoirs, but recoverable as gas under typical atmoshperic temperature and pressure conditions Gaseous Fuels : Natural Gas
Why Natural Gas?
Cleaner fuel, has low carbon/hydrogen ratio hence less carbon
dioxide emission.
Has a distinct hydrogen-rich molecular structure, hence supply
hydrogen for future technologies like fuel cells.
3D seismic technologies now used to locate fractures in the earth.
Combined cycle technology used.
Acid reinjection employed for better efciency.
Gaseous Fuels : Natural Gas Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion Liquid Fuels : Oil - Petroleum ! Petroleum or crude oil are naturally occurring liquid composed of organic chemicals. It is found in large quantity below the surface of the earth.
! The chemical composition of petroleum is basically : ! " hydrocarbons. ! some amount of Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen compounds "The proportions vary with location" is also present. ! traces metallic elements such as : #V, Ni, Fe, Al, Na, Ca, Cu, and U$ present in traces. The dependence of human population on petroleum and its product is increasing day by day. Increasing population pressure has led to enormous demand for this fuel. recoverable at typical atmospheric temperature and pressure Viscosity is <10,000 centipoises at reservoir conditions #extra"heavy oil and natural bitumen have higher viscosity$ Liquid Fuels : Oil - Petroleum Crude Oil Rening Crude Oil : The crude oil is separated in a distillation column into various fractions of multifarious uses. Liquid Fuels : Oil - Petroleum Liquid Fuels : Oil - Petroleum Contents " Introduction and denition " Physical Chemistry of Fuel Elements " How do you get fossil fuels? " Classication " Solid Fuels # Coal $ " Gaseous Fuels # Natural gas $ " Liquid Fuels # Oil; Petrol $ " Conclusion Conclusion " Fossil Fuels is : The remains of plants and animal, preserved from an earlier era inside a rock or other geological deposit. " There are three main types of fossil fuels: ! Solid Fuels " Coal : most carbon intensive fuel of fossil fuels. Is a mixture of the degradation products of plant and animals. It is associated with di%erent proportions of inorganic matter. ! Gaseous Fuels " Natural gas : is a fossil fuel made up of hydrocarbons. Its major constituents are : methane #85&$ and ethane #10&$. ! Liquid Fuels " Petroleum or crude oil are naturally occurring liquid composed of organic chemicals. It is found in large quantity below the surface of the earth. Thank you for your attention