Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
WWW.BOTICA.COM.VE
Edicin nmero 26 / Ao 2014
ISSN: 2443-4388
Distribucin por suscripcin
Depsito legal:
pp200702DC3285
Informacin
Dr. Lambert Snijder Almea
Cirujano Onclogo Mastlogo Crioablacin
lsnijder1@gmail.com
N 26, Ao 2014
system involvement and disease severity. These investigators found no difference in the frequency of flares occurring either during or after pregnancy between the two
groups of patients. A study by Mintz and Coworkers
from Mexico City, showed frequent exacerbations among
pregnant SLE patients, but the frequency of exacerbations did not differ from that noted in a group of non
pregnant SLE patients. Our own studies have shown that
there may actually be a protective effect of pregnancy on
disease activity in lupus. Thus the premise that pregnanEFFECT OF SLE ON PREGNANCY
cy exacerbates lupus in seriously questioned. Nonetheless,
it is clear that if the lupus is active, the chances of it being
Fertility
aggravated by pregnancy are higher, and the chances of
successful pregnancy are reduced. Indeed, the study by
While there has been concern about the effect of lupus Mintz et al, which was a prospective study of 102 lupus
pregnancy itself, it has been noted that the disease does patient during pregnancy, showed that patients who startnot interface with conception. Indeed, fertility rates in ed the pregnancy during episodes of active lupus had a
patients with SLE have been reported to be the same as in poorer outcome than other lupus patients.
the general population. In one study failed contraception
was noted.
Exacerbations of lupus nephritis have been a particular
worry in SLE patients during pregnancy. Several studies
have now shown that if the disease was well controlled
SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS,
at conception, SLE was not adversely affected by the
PREMATURITY AND STILL BIRTHS
pregnancy, nor would permanent renal damage result.
The development of edema and hypertension in a pregWhereas a patient with lupus may conceive normally, nant patient with SLE raises the differential diagnosis
her chances of maintaining the pregnancy are reduced. of pre-eclampsia and a 11 are of SLE with nephritis.
The incidence of fetal wastage has been shown to be Other symptoms and signs of active SLE, or the presence
increased among patients with SLE. This results from of serologic abnormalities such as elevated anti-DNA
a greater incidence of prematurity, spontaneous abort antibody or depressed serum complement would favor
ion, and intrauterine death. Several factors have been pro the diagnosis of a flare of SLE.
posed as possible mechanisms in the increased fetal loss
in SLE, including: The presence of active SLE resulting
in decidual vasculitis, compromising placental blood THERAPEUTIC ABORTION
supply and consequent deprivation of the fetus;
Since earlier studies suggested that lupus tended to flare
The presence or trophoblast-reactive lymphocytotoxic in pregnancy, it was suggested to patients with lupus that
anti bodies; Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-LA/SSB antibodies they terminate their pregnancies. However, it has subsehave been associated with destruction of the fetal cardi- quently been shown that flared of lupus may occur folac conducive system and may lead intra-uterine death; lowing therapeutic abortions, and therefore the practice
The presence of the lupus anticoagulant and anti bodies of recommending therapeutic abortions to patients with
to cardiolipin predisposes to thrombosis in the placenta. SLE has stopped. At present there appear to be very few
indications for abortion in patients with SLE. Although
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON LUPUS
most studies of SLE in pregnancy include cases which resulted in therapeutic abortions, their indications are priEarly studies of SLE and pregnancy in the steroid era marily psychological.
have perpetuated the idea that pregnancy had an ad
verse effect on the control of SLE. However, it was
noted that not all patients did poorly. The rule of three MANAGEMENT OF SLE DURING PREGNANCY
was often quoted: a third of the patients got better, a
third got worse and a third remained unchanged.
The best time for a patient with SLE to contemplate pregnancy is when the disease is under good control, and on
Recent studies suggest that there in no increased fre the lowest dose of mediation. Therefore, whenever posquency of flared in SLE during pregnancy. A case sible lupus patients should consult both the obstetrician
control prospective study performed by Lockshin and and the rheumatologist before becoming pregnant. Ancolleagues from New York, comparing pregnant and tibodies to Ro/SSA. La/SSB, anticardioliping antibodies
non-pregnant SLE patients matched for age, race, organ and lupus anticoagulant should be ought, in order to
N 26, Ao 2014
identity any risk factors for the fetus. Once pregnant, pa- References
tients with SLE should be followed closely by both the
obstetrician and the internist/rheumatologist.
1. Urowitz MI3, G l adman DD. Rheumatic Diseases in
Pregnancy. Medical Complications during pregnanThere is no information regarding the effect of breast
cy. Edited by GN Burrow, RF Ferris. Toronto: WB
feeding on lupus. There is no indication to suggest that
Saunders Co. 1988 pp 499-525.
the hormonal changes that result from suckling have and
adverse effect on the disease. However, breast feeding 2. Zurier RB. Editor. Pregnancy in patients with rheumay demand tome and energy of the mother, and if the
matic diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. WB
disease is not under good control, breast feeding may not
Saunders, Philadelphia, 1989; 15 : 193-398.
be advisable. Although the is little evidence supporting
the transmission of drugs in human milk, animal studies 3. Nelson JL. Voigt LF, Koepsell TD, Dugowson CE, Dal ing.
suggest that cortisone may be transmited through mothJR: Pregnancy outcome in women with rheumatoid arers milk. Therefore, it is suggested that lupus patient takthritis before disease onset. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 1 8 -22.
ing large doses of corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic drugs
should be discouraged from breast feeding.
4. Hazes JMVV, Dukmans BAC. Vandenbroucke JP, de
Vries RRP. Cats A: Pregnancy and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:
THE NEWBORN
1770-1 775.
Until recently, lupus patients were advised that if their
pregnancies went to term, their newborns were at no
increased risk of developing congenital abnormalities.
However, a number of neonates born to mothers with
SLE have been found to have transient serologic abnormalities, skin lesions and congenital heart block. The
neonatal lupus syndrome has been characterized by the
presence of a dermatitis, as well as a variety of systemic and haematologic abnormalities, including hepatitis,
isolated congenital heart block, hemolytic anemia and
thrombocytopenia. It is thought to result from maternal
transfer an IgG antibody, since it usually resolves within
nine months of birth. As already mentioned, antibodies
to Ro/SSA and La/SSB are considered markers for the
development of congenital heat block, as well as other
features of t he neonatal lupus syndrome.
These antibodies arc of the IgG type, and thus cross the
placenta. While there is no treatment for the newborn
with fixed congenital heart block, aside from a pacemaker where necessary, it may very well be that identifying the problem in utero may all ow for early treatment, with high dose steroids or plasmapheresis, and
prevention of the development of heart block
5. Spector TD, Roman E, Silman AJ: The pill, parity and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum
1990i33: 782-789.
6. Nossent IIC, Swaak TJG: Systemic lupus erythematos
us. VI. Analysis of the interrelationship with pregnancy J Rheumatal 1990; 17: 771-776.
7. Petri M, Howard D, Repke J. Frequency of lupus flare
in pregnancy: The Hopkins Lupus Pregnancy Center
Experience. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34: 1538-1545.
8. Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Farewell VT, Stewart J,
MacDonald J: Lupus and Pregnancy studies. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 1392-1397.
Autora
Dra. Dafna Gladman
Revista Archivos de Reumatologa VOL 5 N 2 /1994
Se publica con autorizacin de la
Sociedad Venezolana de Reumatologa
venreuma@gmail.com
N 26, Ao 2014
evitando el frotado.
Antihistamnicos orales.
del heno es frecuente. La caracterstica mas comn es el Las lesiones pueden ser muy localizadas o generalizadas;
prurito; todos tienen una hiperreactividad a los estmulos agudas, con rezumamiento, o crnicas donde predomina
ambientales como irritantes y alergenos y produccin la descamacin. Casi siempre existe eritema y prurito.
exagerada de IgE.
Para el diagnstico es necesario un buen interrogatorio y
La evolucin es variable, generalmente por brotes, pero a los mejores diagnsticos los logran aquellos pacientes y
veces continua su sintomatologa.
mdicos que investigan y analizan las causas.
El prurito es el sntoma principal, pero la localizacin
de las lesiones en pliegues flexurales y su tendencia a la
cronicidad son inductores diagnsticos; pero orientan
y ayuda: la historia familiar de atopa, pruebas positivas
de reactividad, dermografismo blanco, cataratas
subcapsulares, piel seca, Pityriasis alba, queratosis folicular
palidez facial, IgE elevada, alteraciones del sudor.
ECZEMA Y EXULCERACIONES
Constituye un amplio y a veces mal definido grupo de
enfermedades; sin embargo tiene en comn el eritema
(piel roja), vesculas, costras y descamacin. Puede ser
producido por una dermatitis alrgica de contacto debido
a una reaccin de inmunidad celular tarda y el eccema
constitucional o dermatitis atpica.
Es necesario precisar la causa para saber el tratamiento y el
pronstico. En lneas generales importa para el diagnstico:
La historia familiar de asma o rinitis, cuadros similares,
evolucin por brotes o continuo, antecedentes personales
de trabajo, hobbies, aplicacin de medicamentos, otros.
El tratamiento sintomtico pretende calmar el prurito,
lo cual puede lograrse con antihistamnicos orales. En
casos agudos: donde generalmente hay rezumamiento las
compresas hmedas son tiles.
N 26, Ao 2014
Los esteroides tpicos son empleados en sus diversas Rondn Lugo Antonio Rondn Lrez Natilse
presentaciones y concentraciones segn sea el caso.
Dermatologa para el mdico general
A veces es difcil dilucidar la etiologa, se emplean
combinaciones de esteroides con antibiticos y Dermatologa Rondn Lugo Reynaldo Godoy editor 1995
antimicticos por cortos periodos
Conde-Salazar L y Ancona A. Dermatologa
Profesional. Madrid: Aula Mdica, 2004
Mathias CG. Occupational dermatoses. J Am Acad
Dermatol 1988; 19:1107-1114
Concepto y clasificacin de las dermatosis
profesionales, Luis Conde-Salazar Gmez y
Felipe Heras Mendaza. Dermatologa Ibero
Americana. Editor Antonio Rondn Lugo www.
antoniorondonlugo Capitulo 11.
Bibliografia
Juan Honeyman, Dermatitis Atpica en dermatologa,
Iberamericana online editor Antonio Rondn Lugo
www.antoniorondonlugo.com
N 26, Ao 2014
Autor
Dr. Antonio Rondn Lugo
Dermatlogo
rondonlugo@hotmail.com
Informacin
Clnica Mayo
Jacksonville, Florida, USA
intl.mcj@mayo.edu
9