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Module 1
Present Simple:
Singular
Affirmative
S
She He It
V
( end with s)
O
She takes shower every
day.
Negative
She He It
( does not)
V
( infinitive )
She doesn't take
shower every day.
Plural
Affirmative
S
They We You I
V
( infinitive )
They read books in
library.
Negative
They We You I
(do not )
V
( infinitive )
They don't read books
in library.
Uses:
Habits ( routines ):
o I wake up at 6:00 am every day.
o She wakes up at 6:00 am every day.

Facts:!"#$ %& '()
o Water consist of oxygen and hydrogen.
o The sun shines from the east.
Signs with:
Always, Usually, Often, Sometimes, Never

Present Continuous:
Singular
Affirmative
S
She He It is
V( ing) O
I am
Negative
She He It is not ( isn't )
I am not
Plural
Affirmative
S They We You
are
Negative are not ( aren't )
Uses:
At the moment of speaking.
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Signs with:
Now, At the moment, Look, Listen

Present Perfect:
Singular
Affirmative
S She He It
has
V3( P.P) O
Negative has not ( hasn't )
Plural
Affirmative
S They We You I
have
Negative have not ( haven't )
Uses:
Something start and end in the past but we don't know the time. Not like
the past tense we know the time.
OR- the action happed and end in the past in unspecific time.
The most important point is the time.
o She has written a story.
Unspecified time.
o We have visited our grandmother three times.
Occure for more than one time.

Present Perfect Continuous:
Singular
Affirmative
S She He It
has
Been V3( P.P) O
Negative
has not
( hasn't )
Plural
Affirmative
S They We You I
have
Negative
have not
( haven't )
Uses:
We use it if we want to know how long does the action take from start
until now, and we don't know the specific time.
o I have been studied for 3 hours.
Duration of time.
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Signs with:
Since , For.


Since specific timeF 9:30, 1998, yesterday.
For duration of time (length)F 5 hours, 10 months.

Non-action verbs:
Believe, think, need, belong, love, hate, like, prefer, understand, know,
forget, remember, exist, want, own, have, possess(same meaning)..
VERBS OF EMOTION.
Used with Present Perfect.

Action verbs:
Read, write, walk, run, leave.etc.
Used with Present Perfect Continuous.





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Reflexive pronouns:






Uses:
We use it when we talk about own actions.

Past Simple:
S + V2 + O
She cocked two dinner.
Past Continuous:
S + ( was \ were ) + V.ing + O
She was cocking.
*+ ,-. /01. 2&3 (4 56 (7%89: (4 ;1. ;<4 2= !><#?9 .
Past Perfect:
S + had + V3 + O
She had cocked.
,-. 2= !><#?9 ) ;8#@& ( *+ ,-. ;>A (7%89: (4 ,-. . /%B& :
I had eaten when Pop came..
%C%D<& : E=%F9: ;G6 H1?* %I6 %74 J ) ;8#@& ,-. ( E=%F9: '%K L0M5 N .

them themselves
her herself
us ourselves
him himself
me myself
you
yourself
yourselves
Each other

One
another
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Module 2
Passive:
Passive Active
O + ( am \ is\ are ) + V3 + by + S

The room is cleaned by Sara.
Simple present:
S + V1 + O
Sara cleans the room.
O + ( am \is \are ) +being + V3 + by + S

The lesson is being written by me.
Present Continuous:
S + ( am \ is \ are ) + V.ing + O
I am writing the lesson.
O + ( has \ have ) + been + V3 + by + S

A lion has been killed by him.
Present Perfect:
S + ( has \ have ) + V3 + O
Ha has killed a lion.
O + ( has \ have ) + been + V3 + by + S

Letters have been written by them.
Present Perfect Continuous:
S + ( has \ have ) + been + V.ing + O
They have been writing letters.
O + ( was \ were ) + V3 + by + S

Two dinner were cooked by her.
Simple Past:
S + V2 + O
She cooked two dinners.
O + ( was \ were ) + being + V3 + by + S

A song was being sung by us.
Past Continuous:
S + ( was \ were ) + V.ing + O
We were singing a song.
O + had + been + V3 + by + S

The course had been finished by me.
Past Perfect:
S + had + V3 + O
You had finished the course.
O + will + be + V3 + by + S

The mission will be done by Ali.
Future with Will:
S + will + V + O
Ali will do the mission.
O + ( is \ are ) + going to + be + V3 + by + S

The dinner is going to be made by Hind.
Future with Going to:
S + ( is \ are ) + going to + V + O
Hind is going to make the dinner.
O + will + have + been + V3 + by + S

The door will have been opened by Tom.
Future Perfect:
S + will + have + V2 + O
Tom will have opened the door.
O + ( can \ will \ must \ may ) + be + V3 + by + S
He will be helped by them.
The load can be carried by him.
Modal verb +infinitive:
S + ( can \ will \ must \ may )
They will help him.
He can carry the load.

** Thewordswroteinitalic ( by+Subject ) youcan addit or not.
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Subject Object
I Me
He Him
She Her
It It
You You
We Us
They Them

Module 3
Future Tenses:
( is \ are \ am ) + going to + ( infinitive ).
Uses:
1. A prediction based on observation ( see ).
OPF9: E$QR -<M R%S&T: /0SUM V>D#9: ;B& .
2. Intention ( a plan ). W!SXY 56 ES* .
I am going to travel tomorrow.
Will + ( infinitive ).
Uses:
1. A Spontaneous decision.
WZ4 (F[DM \Y]XY: R:A ^*+ _` a6 2& R%>Kb c5-M R:A .
2. Intuition.
\M de>eDe#f$ '() E$QR c5-M g-P9: WZ4 ^Ehi%F9: Eh%P9: ;B& .
I will give you a present.
( may \ might ) + ( infinitive ).
Use:
- An certain prediction.
;>Z#F89: (4 \j5-. 2& k-Gd#& HF9 .
I might go to Jordon.
Simple Present:
Use:
- Something fixed.
;B& ^l!!"Y m!S#FI n '() : o8p9: q5) .
The plane leaves in an hour.
Present Continuous:
Use:
- Personal arrangement>
;>Z#F89: (4 *+ rX)5 ,-P#89: 2!M \S!SXY sY '() .
I am having my first exam
tomorrow.

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Articles:










Module 4
Modals:
{ It used with other verbs to change their meaning by expressing ideas such
as, possibility, permission or intention ( planning ).
- { can could may might must shall should will would ought
to have to had better }.

The verb after it's should be ( infinitive [ be have ] ).
{ Uses:
1. Sure 100%: we will use ( must [if it's true ] ), ( can't [ if it's false ] ).
2. 50%: we will use ( could, might and may [ if it's true ] ), ( may not, might
not [ if it's false ] ).
The ( countable ) A An
1. Specify something
( the computer )
a-D= l!t (4 %& '() -$-P#9 .
Singular
2. Unique.
( the sun, the moon ).
consonants Vowels
3. Mention something for the
2
nd
time.
uM c0@Y E!I%B9:5 E![$<Y v95T: k89:
The.
( a book ., the book ).

Rest of
letters
o - u e i a
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