Ex/MET/224/95/2012

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN METALLURGICAL

ENGINEERING EXAMINATION, 2012
( 2nd Year, 2nd Semester )
THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIALS
Time : Three Hours Full Marks - 100
Answer Q. No.1 and any Four from the rest
1. i) For 5 moles of a ternary solution i-j-k, find whether the
following statements are TRUE or FALSE :
a)
( ) i j k
G : f p, T, n, n , n
b)
( ) i j k
G: f p,T,x , x , x
(Short explanations are necessary) 3
ii) Consider that
( )
1 2 3
S f U , V, n , n , n =
Find what the derivative
1 2 3
v , n , n ,n
S
U



is equal to?
2
iii) Comment on the following statement :
"In the free expansion of an ideal gas, there is no
difference between an isothermal and an adiabatic
path. 3
iv) Define the chemical potential
i
in terms of the total
internal energy U . 2
[ Turn over
- 2 -
v) Find the Carbon potential of a 60% CO-40% CO
2
mixture at 800 K and 1 atm total pressure. Will the
Carbon potential change if the total pressure is
changed. 4
vi) Write three statements of the 2nd law of
thermodynamics giving the criterion of 'impossibility'.3
vii) Explain how the phase transformation,
( )
2 2
H O U H O(v) = , can take place
a) reversibly
b) irreversibly 4
viii) Prove that for a small deviation from ideal gas
behavior,
id
p f
,
p p
;
f being the fugacity of the real gas. 4
ix) Prove that
p v
H U
S S

=

. 2
x) Prove that the mixing of two pure components A and
B to form a A B ideal solution is a spontaneous
process. 3
xi) If the standard free energy change for the reaction
A = 2B is expressed as
- 5 -
6. Oxygen is passed through a bed of carbon in such a way that
the gases leaving the carbon are in equilibrium with it at a
temperature of 1700 K. This gas is then rapidly cooled to
1130 K, when it comes in contact with a catalyst capable of
bringing the gas to the equilibrium composition. p
t
= 1 atm
throughout.
Calculate the po
2
in the gas at 1700 and 1130 K. 15
Data (assorted)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
- 4 -
a) the adiabatic flame temperature
b) the po
2
in the resulting combustion gas. 15
3. A gas composed of 97% air, 3% Cl
2
(p
t
= 1 atm) is used to
oxidize NiCl
2
at 1000 K. Calculate the conversion efficiency
for the process. 15
4. A vaporization experiment involving metallic thulium (T
m
) is
conducted at two temperatures. The experiment consists of
passing argon gas slowly across a container of T
m
, such that
equilibrium between the liquid metal and gas phase is
attained. The experiment is conducted at 2200 K and
200
o
K. 1 mole of argon gas is used at each temperature.
p
t
in the system is 2 atm.
At 2200 K, 141 gm of T
m
evaporate. At 2000 K, 32
gm evaporate. Use this data to calculate the heat of
vaporization of T
m
near 2100 K, and calculate the normal
boiling point of T
m
. (If required, atomic wt of T
m
= 169 and
atomic wt of Ar = 36) 15
5. Magnetic (Fe
3
O
4
) is being reduced in a fluidized bed at 1175
K by using CO. p
t
= 3 atm. The iron (austenite) produced is
to contain 1 wt% C. How many moles of CO need to be put
in the reactor per mole of Fe
3
O
4
reduced? 15
- 3 -
o
G 40 0 05TKJ/ mol k = +
and if the heat capacity C
P, A
= 20 J/K
.
mol, find
C
P, B
. 2
xii) Find whether the following statements are TRUE or
FALSE, giving short explanations :
a) For an ideal solution, some, not all, excess
properties are zero.
b) For a regular solution, excess Gibbs energies are
zero.
c) For a regular solution, excess Gibbs energies are
independent of temperature. 4
xiii) Consider U = f (H, P) and write the expressions for
a) dU,
b) dU/dH and
c)
v
U
H


Also find
v
U
H


for 1 mole of a monatomic ideal
gas. 4
2. 1 mole of hydrogen and 1 mole of air are mixed at 298 K and
burned under constant pressure and adiabatic conditions.
Calculate
[ Turn over