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AutoCAD Self-paced Learning Modules
®

AutoCAD 2D
Module 19
Inquiry and Measurement

Learning Outcomes:
When you have completed this module, you will be able to:

1. Describe how to make inquiries about objects in your drawing using object properties
and the UNITS and DIST commands.
2. Describe and apply the POINT, DIVIDE, and MEASURE commands.

Geometry Lesson
Triangles - Part 1
Study the figures below to about right angle triangles.

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Geometry Lesson
Using Circles to Measure
When you have to measure along an inclined line and you cannot use the OFFSET
command to make that measurement as shown in figure Step 1, use a circle to measure
with. Draw a construction circle with a 1 unit radius using the end of the inclined line as the
center of the circle. By drawing a circle to measure with, all the points on the circle will be
the radius distance from the center of the circle as shown in the figure Step 2. Draw the
0.60 Dia circle with its center at the intersection of the construction circle and the inclined
line as shown in the figure Step 3.

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Making Inquiries
There are commands available to find any size or location about the objects in your drawing.
Before you can use these commands, you must understand the importance of the UNITS
command.
Displaying Units
AutoCAD stores the accuracy of the objects properties and locations to a very high degree.
When you display the objects properties or command AutoCAD to measure or return a location
of an object, it checks the settings in the UNITS command before displaying the answer to you.
The answers are always displays in drawing units but the precision and format of the answers
is controlled by the settings in the UNITS command.

AutoCAD Command: UNITS

The UNITS command is used to set the way you would like AutoCAD to display inquiries about
the units of objects in the drawing.

Shortcut: UN

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AutoCAD Command: DIST

The DIST command is used to measure distances between two XY coordinate locations.
Shortcut: DI

2004-2008

2000-2002

Points
A point is an AutoCAD object that when inserted on the drawing, is one pixel in size. It does
not have a length or height since it only has the properties of one XY coordinate.
Point Style
Since a point is nothing more then one pixel in size, it
will not display very well on the drawing. If it is under
an existing object like a line or a circle, it will not be
visible. Points can be set to appear as a style to make
them easier to see and used by the CAD Operator.
The point style for the active drawing is set with the
Point Style dialogue box. To open the Point Style
dialogue box, select Point Style in the Format pull-
down, See Figure 19-1 and 19-2. The size of the point
style can be set to be relative with the screen size or an
absolute size. If the point
size is set relative to
drawing, you will be
required to REGEN the
drawing when the zoom
factor has been changed
to force AutoCAD to
display the new point
size. Figure 19-2
Point Style Dialogue Box
Figure 19-1
Point Style

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AutoCAD Command: POINT

The POINT command is used to insert points in the drawing.
Shortcut: PO

2004-2008

2000-2002

Object Snap Modes for Points

Mode Abbreviations Icon Marker The AutoCAD Object

Node Nod

Rotating the Graphic Cursor

The default rotation angle of the
graphic cursor is 0 degrees as
shown in Figure 19-3. That means
that the X axis is horizontal and the
Y axis is vertical. There are some
drawings that can be better drawn if
the cursor is rotated to an angle
other than 0 degrees as shown in
Figure 19-4. Either the Drafting
Settings dialogue box, the SNAP
command or the SNAPANG system
variable can be used to change the Figure 19-3 Figure 19-4
rotation angle of the cursor. Cursor in The Normal Cursor Rotated 45
Position Rotated 0 degrees at degrees

AutoCAD stores the accuracy of the objects properties to a very high

degree. When you use the UNITS command to set the format, you are only
instructing AutoCAD how to display answers to your inquiries.

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The DIVIDE Command

The DIVIDE command is used to divide an object by inserting points on the object at the
calculated XY locations. It does not change the object in any way, it simply inserts points on it.
Ensure that the current layer is Construction when you use the DIVIDE command so that the
points can be easily isolated from the object it is dividing. The DIVIDE command works
different when dividing circles. Since a circle does not have an endpoint, the DIVIDE command
will place the first point where the positive X axis of the cursor crosses the circle.

AutoCAD Command: DIVIDE

The DIVIDE command is used to insert points an equal distance apart by dividing the length of the
object selected by the number of divisions entered.

Shortcut: DIV

The MEASURE Command

The MEASURE command is used to divide an object by inserting points on the object at a
specified distance along the object. It does not change the object in any way it simply inserts
points on it. Ensure that the current layer is Construction when you use the MEASURE
command so that you can easily isolated the points from the object being measured. The
MEASURE command always starts the measurement from the closest endpoint to the location
where the object is selected. The MEASURE command works different when measuring
circles. Since a circle does not have an endpoint, the MEASURE command will start measuring
at the point where the positive X axis of the cursor crosses the circle.

AutoCAD Command: MEASURE

The MEASURE command is used to insert points on an object at as specified distance apart.

Shortcut: ME

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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands

Step 1 Start a new drawing using the template Module Template A.

Step 2 Save and name the drawing AutoCAD 2D Workalong 19-1.

Object to be Drawn
Step 3 Create
layers Object
and
Construction as
shown in Figure
Step 3.
Figure Step 3

Step 4 On layer Construction, draw the outline of the

object using the dimensions from the drawing.
Figure Step 4

...continued on page 19-7

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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands - Continued

Step 5 From the Format pull-down, select Point Style as
shown in Figure Step 5.

Step 6 This will open

the Point Style
dialogue box as shown
in Figure Step 6.

Figure Step 5
Step 7 In the Point Style dialogue box, select the
point style (center with black background) as shown.
Set the point size to 3% and enable Set Size
Relative to Screen. as shown in figure Step 6.

Figure Step 6

Step 8 Using the DIVIDE command shown below,

select the inclined line as shown in Figure Step 8.
Command: DIVIDE
Select object to divide: P1
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 8
(Since the line is divided into 8 spaces, seven points are Figure Step 8
inserted along line.)
Command:

Step 9 Your drawing should appear as shown in

Figure Step 9.

Figure Step 9
...continued on page 19-8

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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands - Continued

Step 10 In the Drafting Settings dialogue box, enable the

Node object snap mode as shown in Figure Step 10A and 10B.
A node is the object snap mode for a point.

Figure Step 10B

Step 11 With ortho mode

enabled, draw horizontal
lines by snapping to each
point (node) and then
drawing the lines at any
length as shown in Figure Figure Step 10A
Step 11.

Figure Step 11

Step 12 With ortho mode enabled, draw vertical lines

by snapping to each point (node) and drawing them at
any length as shown in Figure Step 12.

Figure Step 12

Step 13 Trim the lines to form the steps as shown in

Figure Step 13.

Figure Step 13

Step 14 Draw a line from the midpoint on the top

inclined line to the midpoint of the bottom line. Using
the DIVIDE command, divide the line into four spaces.
Your drawing should appear as shown in Figure Step
14.

...continued on page 19-9 Figure Step 14

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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands - Continued

Step 15 Snapping to the points (node) to locate the
centers, draw three 0.4 Dia circles as shown in Figure
Step 15.

Step 16 Draw a
construction line from
the top corner to the
bottom corner as
shown in Figure Step
16.
Figure Step 15

Figure Step 16

Step 17 Insert a 0.5 radius

construction circle with its
center at the top corner as
shown in Figure Step 17A. Figure Step 17A Figure Step 17B
Trim the line as shown in
Figure Step 17B.
(The circle is used to measure a distance of 0.5 units from the end of the line. See the Geometry
Lesson on page the 19-2.)

Step 18 Enter the MEASURE command shown below

to insert points every 0.4325 units along the line. Ensure
you select the line (P2) closest to the end of the line you
want to start the measurement from. See Figure Step 18.

Command: MEASURE
Select object to measure: P2
Specify length of segment or [Block]: .4325
Command:

Figure Step 18
Step 19 Your drawing
should now appear as shown in Figure Step 19. To
demonstrate how the point size relative to the screen works,
zoom in on your object making it fill the screen and then
execute the REGEN command. Notice how the point style
changes size. Zoom back out and execute the REGEN
command again.
...continued on page 19-10 Figure Step 19

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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands - Continued

Step 20 Insert 12 - 0.125 diameter circles. One with
its center at the end of the line and the others with their
centers on the points you just inserted with the
MEASURE command. See Figure Step 20.

Step 21 Enter the ID command as shown below and

select the end of the bottom line as a reference point.
Ensure you snap to the end of the line.

Command: ID
Specify point: (end) P3
X = 1.7500 Y = 4.0000 Z = 0.0000
Figure Step 20

Figure Step 21 Figure Step 22

Step 22 Enter the POINT command shown below to draw 3 points at the location of the
center of polygons. The @ established in Step 21 is used as a reference point. See Figure
Step 22.

Command: POINT
Current point modes: PDMODE=34 PDSIZE=-3.0000
Specify a point: @.75,1.5
Command: POINT
Current point modes: PDMODE=34 PDSIZE=-3.0000
Specify a point: @0,-1
Command: POINT
Current point modes: PDMODE=34 PDSIZE=-3.0000
Specify a point: @2.25,0
Command:

Step 23 Draw three 0.5 Dia. circles

using the points as the center of the
circle. Ensure you snap to the node
when locating the center of the circle.
See Figure Step 23.

Figure Step 23
...continued on page 19-11

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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands - Continued

Step 24 Set layer Construction as the current layer, and enter

the DIVIDE command. Divide the top left circle into 6 parts. See
Figure Step 24.
(Note how the first point is located along the X axis.)

Step 25 Enter the SNAPANG system variable shown below to

change the angle of the of the cursor to 90 degrees.

Command: SNAPANG
Enter new value for SNAPANG <0>: 90
Command:

Step 26 Enter the DIVIDE

command and divide the bottom left
circle into 6. See Figure Step 26. Figure Step 24
(Note how the first point is located
along the X axis that has been rotated 90 degrees.)
Step 27 Enter the system variable SNAPANG to change the
angle of the cursor to 22.5 degrees as shown below.

Command: SNAPANG
Enter new value for SNAPANG <90>: 22.5
Command:

Step 28 Enter the DIVIDE command and divide the bottom

right circle into 8. See Figure Step 28.
(Note how the first point is located along the X axis that has been
Figure Step 26 rotated 22.5 degrees. 22.5 degrees is one-half of 45 degrees
which is the angle between the corners of an octagon.)

Step 29 Change the angle of the of the cursor

to 0 degrees using the SNAPANG system
variable shown below.

Command: SNAPANG
Enter new value for SNAPANG <22.5>: 0
Command:

Figure Step 28

...continued on page 19-12

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Using POINT, DIVIDE and MEASURE Commands - Continued

Step 30 On layer Object,

draw lines by snapping from
point to point (node to node)
to draw the polygons as
shown in Figure Step 30

Figure Step 30

Step 31 Freeze layer Construction.

Step 32 Save and close the drawing.

Completed Drawing

The DIVIDE command is used to divide an object by inserting points on the

object at the calculated the XY locations. It does not change object in any
way, it simply inserts points on it. Ensure that the current layer is
Construction when you use the DIVIDE command so that the points can be
easily isolated from the object it is dividing.

Not all information can be found in the properties of an object and the DIST
command is very important. Set the units you want to see the answers in
with the UNITS command before using the DIST command.

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Using Inquiry Commands

Step 1 Open the drawing AutoCAD 2D
Workalong 19-1 . Using the SAVEAS
command, save the drawing as AutoCAD 2D
Workalong 19-2. See Figure Step 1.

Step 2 Enter the UNITS command. Change the setting to

match the Drawing Units dialogue box in Figure Step 2.

Figure Step 1

Figure Step 3
Figure Step 2

Step 3 Enter the DIST command shown below to measure the distance between the
center of the circle and the end of the line shown in Figure Step 3.

Command: DIST
Specify first point: (cen) P1
Specify second point: (end) P2
Distance = 1.393831, Angle in XY Plane = 174.21, Angle from XY Plane = 0.00
Delta X = -1.386719, Delta Y = 0.140625, Delta Z = 0.000000
Command:
(The distance is 1.393831 units. The angle of the line is 174.21 degrees. For an explanation of
delta X and delta Y see the Geometry Lesson on page 19-1.)

...continued on page 19-14

The MEASURE command inserts points at a specified distance entered by

the user. It starts measuring at the end of the object nearest where it was
selected. It may not end up equal at the end. Make sure you are on the
layer Construction before you execute the command to ensure the points
will be easily to isolate from the object it is measuring.

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Using Inquiry Commands - Continued

Step 4 Enter the UNITS command.
Change the setting to match the Drawing
Units dialogue box in Figure Step 4

Figure Step 4

Step 5 Find the closest distance between the two top

circles. First draw a construction line from the center of
one circle to the center of the other one as shown in Figure
Step 5.
Figure Step 5
Step 6 Trim the line as shown
in Figure Step 6.

Step 7 Enter DIST command shown

below to measure the closest distance
between the two circles as shown in
Figure Step 7.

Command: DI Figure Step 6

Specify first point: (end) P3
Specify second point: (end) P4
Distance = 0.62281857, Angle in XY Plane = 291d16'23.4", Angle from XY
Plane = 0d0'0.0"
Delta X = 0.22596782, Delta Y = -0.58038050, Delta Z = 0.00000000
Figure Step 7 Command:
(Note the precision and format change of how AutoCAD displays the
answers this time.)

Step 8 Open the Properties window

and select the line that you just
measured. The answers that were
returned from the DIST command are
now displayed in the Properties
dialogue box. See Figure Step 8.

Author's Comments:
It is possible that some of your
numbers may differ from Figure Step 8.
Figure Step 8 The reason for this is the direction the
lines were drawn may differ.
...continued on page 19-15

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Using Inquiry Commands - Continued

Step 9 Using what you just learned in this
workalong, find the shortest distance from the corner
of the hexagon to the circumference of the circle as
shown in Figure Step 9A. Hint, first draw a
construction line from the center of the circle to the
corner of the hexagon and then trim it. Find the
answers using both the DIST command and
Properties dialogue
box. See Figure Step
9B. Check your Figure Step 9A
answers with the
results shown below.
Distance = 1.00782430, Angle in XY Plane = 15d45'48.4", Angle
from XY Plane = 0d0'0.0"
Delta X = 0.96992159, Delta Y = 0.27379177, Delta Z =
0.00000000

Step 10 Save and close the drawing.

Figure Step 9B

Geometry Lesson
Finding The Center of any Triangle

To find the center of any triangle, draw

construction lines from each vertex to the
midpoint of the opposite line of the
triangle. The center of the triangle is the
intersection of the three lines. triangle.

The Key Principles in Module 19

1. AutoCAD stores the accuracy of the objects properties and locations to a very high
degree. The UNITS command sets the format of how AutoCAD displays answers.
2. The MEASURE command inserts points on an object at a specified distance entered by
the user.
3. The DIVIDE command divides the object up perfectly into the number of segments
entered by the user.
4. A point is an AutoCAD object that when inserted on the drawing is one pixel in size. It
does not have a length or height since it only has the properties of one XY coordinate.

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Lab Exercise 19-1 Time Allowed: 45 Min.

Drawing Specifications
Name Template Units Text Style Font
AutoCAD 2D Lab 19-1 Module Template A4 Millimeters N/A N/A
Layering Scheme
Objects on Layer Name Color Linetype Lineweight
Construction Objects Construction 253 Continuous N/A
All Objects Object Red Continuous N/A
Instructions:
1 Setup the layers, draw the object shown below including the center lines.
2. Find the following with precision of 8 decimal places:
a) Length of arc A: ______________________
b) Distance from the center of circle C to center of circle E.
________________________
c) Shortest distance from corner B to the circumference of circle
C___________________
d) The circumference of circle D: ____________________
3. Check your drawing and the answers to Step 2 with the key.
Hint: HOR = Horizontal, VER = Vertical
Completed
Drawing

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Construction Hints
Do your best to complete the lab exercise drawing without using the following hint(s). If you get stuck and
can't complete it on your own, use the following hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1
Divide the large circle into 26. See Figure Hint 1.

Hint 2
Rotate the cursor
7.5 degrees and
then divide the
circle. See Figure
Hint 2.
Figure Hint 1

Figure Hint 2
Hint 3
Rotate the cursor 30 degrees and then divide the circle.
See Figure Hint 3.

Hint 4
Draw 5 circle with a 20 Dia. See Figure Hint 4.

Figure Hint 3

Hint 5
To draw the polygons, rotate the
cursor to appropriate angle and
then divide it.
Triangle = 90 degrees
Square = 45 degrees
Pentagon = 90 degrees
Hexagon = 90 degrees Figure Hint 5
Heptagon = 90 degrees
Octagon = 22.5 degrees
Figure Hint 4

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Lab Exercise 19-2 Time Allowed: 50 Min.

Drawing Specifications
Name Template Units Text Style Font
AutoCAD 2D Lab 19-2 Module Template A Inches N/A N/A
Layering Scheme
Objects on Layer Name Color Linetype Lineweight
Construction Objects Construction 253 Continuous N/A
All Objects Object Red Continuous N/A
Instructions:
1. Setup the layers using the Layering Scheme above.
2. Draw the object shown below.
3. Check your drawing with the key.

Completed
Drawing

Inquiry and Measurement The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2007 Module 19
 F T ra n sf o F T ra n sf o
PD rm PD rm
Y Y
Y

Y
er

er
ABB

ABB
y

y
bu

bu
2.0

2.0
to

to
re

re
he

he
k

k
lic

lic
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Construction Hints
Do your best to complete the lab exercise drawing without using the following hint(s). If you get stuck and
can't complete it on your own, use the following hint(s) to help you.

Hint 1
Divide the inclined line into 12 spaces. See Figure Hint 1.

Hint 2
Use a circle to measure the distance on the inclined line.
See Figure Hint 2.

Figure Hint 1

Figure Hint 2

Hint 3
Offset the lines to construct the triangle in the center.
To find the center of the triangle see the Geometry
Lesson on page 19-15. See Figure Hint 3.

Figure Hint 3

Inquiry and Measurement The CAD Guys Ltd. Copyright © 1993 - 2007 Module 19