STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

Problem Set No.

M.S. Civil Engineering
Forced Motion of Shear Building
1. Determine the response as a function of time for the two-story shear building shown when a
constant force of 5,000 lb is suddenly applied at the level of the second floor as shown in the
figure below. Bays are 15 ft. apart. Use E = 30 x 106 psi, IW10X21 = 106.30 in4, and IW10X45 = 248.60
in4
Figure:

W2 = 26,500 lb
20 psf
W 10 X 21

5000 lb
10'

W1 = 52,500 lb
20 psf
W 10 X 45

15'

30'

Solution:
a. Natural Frequencies and Modal Shapes
Computing for the weights and masses of each member:
W1= 52,500 lbs + 20 psf x 12.5 ft. x 15 ft. x 2 = 60,000 lbs.
W2= 26,500 lbs + 20 psf x 5 ft. x 15 ft. x 2 = 29,500 lbs.
m1= 60,000 lbs. / (32.2 ft/sec2 x 12 in/ft.) = 155.280 lb-sec2/in
m2= 29,500 lbs. / (32.2 ft/sec2 x 12 in/ft.) = 76.346 lb-sec2/in
Computing for the weights stiffness of each story (assume rigid and fixed at two ends):
k = 12E(2I) / L3
k1= 12 x 30 x 106 x 2 x 248.60 / (15 x 12)3 = 30,691.358 lb/in
k2= 12 x 30 x 106 x 2 x 106.30 / (10 x 12)3 = 44,291.667 lb/in
Computing for the natural frequencies of the structure (using matrix analysis):

(155.280 x 76.346) 4 [(30,691.358 + 44,291.667) x (76.346)

+ 155.28 x 44,291.667] 2 + 30,691.358 x 44,291.667 = 0
11,855.01 4 12,602,264.08 2 + 1,359,371,408 = 0
12 = 941.203;
1 = 30.679 rad/sec
22 = 121.830;
2 = 11.038 rad/sec
Computing for corresponding frequencies and natural periods:

= 4.8827 cycles per sec.

= 1.7568 cycles per sec.

= 0.2048 sec.
= 0.5692 sec.
Computing for the modal frequencies:
(k1 + k2 2 m1) a11 k2a21 = 0
-k2a11 + (k2 - 2 m2) a21 = 0
--------------------------------------------- 71,166.977 a11 44,291.667 a21 = 0
if a11 = 1.0, a21 = 1.607

1.607
56,065.263 a11 44,291.667 a21 = 0

if a11 = 1.0, a21 = 1.266

1.266

a 21 = 1.607

a 21 = 1.266

a 11= 1.000

a 11= 1.000

= 30.679 rad/sec

first mode

= 11.038 rad/sec

second mode
NORMAL MODES

b. Orthogonality Properties of Normal Modes and Modal Forces

Computing for the Orthogonality Property of the Normal Modes:

orthogonality relationship between modal shapes of a two degree-of-freedom system:

for diagonal mass matrix:

(155.28)(1.00)2 + (76.346)(1.266)2 = 277.644

(155.28)(1.00)2 + (76.346)(- 1.607)2 = 352.440
(155.28)(1.00)2 + (76.346)(1.266)2 = 277.644
(155.28)(1.00)2 + (76.346)(- 1.607)2 = 352.440
1.00
11 = ---------------- = 0.06001 ;
277.644

1.00
12 = --------------- = 0.05327
352.440

1.266
21 = ---------------- = 0.07598 ;
277.644

22 =

Computing for modal force P(t) using the normal modes:

-1.607
--------------= - 0.0856
352.440

P1 (t) = (1.00 x 0) + (1.266 x 5000)

P1 (t) = 6,330 lbs.
P2 (t) = (1.00 x 0) + (-1.607 x 5000)
P2 (t) = 8,035 lbs.
Computing for modal force using normalized modes, P:
P1 (t) = (0.06001 x 0) + (0.0798 x 5000)
P1 (t) = 379.90 lbs.
P2 (t) = (0.05327 x 0) + (-0.0856 x 5000)
P2 (t) = 428 lbs.
c. Participation Factor and Response Equation of Motion
Computing for the participation factors:

1 = - (155.28 x 0.06001 + 76.346 x 0.07598) = - 15.11912

2 = - (155.28 x 0.05327 + 76.346 x -0.0856) = - 1.73655
Computing for the response equation of motion, u(t):

u1(t) = a11

[ P (t) / xt)(1 cos] + a [ P (t) / xt)(1 cos ]

1

2
1

12

2
2

= 1.000 [379.90 / 11.0382 x (1 cos 11.038t)] + 1.00 [-428 / 30.6792 x (1 cos 30.679t)]
u1(t) = 3.1181 3.1181cos11.038t 0.4547 + 0.4547cos30.679t
u1(t) = 2.6634 3.1181cos11.038t + 0.4547cos30.679t

u2(t) = a21

[ P (t) / xt)(1 cos] + a [ P (t) / xt)(1 cos ]

1

2
1

22

2
2

= 1.266 [379.90 / 11.038 x (1 cos 11.038t)] 1.607 [-428 / 30.6792 x (1 cos 30.679t)]

u1(t) = 3.9475 3.9475cos11.038t + 0.7308 0.7308cos30.679t

u1(t) = 4.6783 3.9475cos11.038t + 0.7308cos30.679t
Computing for the maximum values of response, setting the maximum value of cosine as (-1):
u1(t) = 1.000 [379.90 / 11.0382 x (1 cos )] + 1.00 [-428 / 30.6792 x (1 cos )]
u1(t)max = 5.3267 in.
u2(t) = 1.266 [379.90 / 11.0382 x (1 cos )] 1.607 [-428 / 30.6792 x (1 cos )]
u2(t) max = 9.3565 in.

2. Repeat the problem above if the excitation is applied to the base of the structure in the form of a
suddenly applied acceleration of magnitude 0.5 g.
Solution:
..

us = 0.5 x 32.2 ft / sec2 x 12 in / sec2

..
us = 193.20 in / sec.2

Computing for the modal equations:

Computing for the modal response:

Computing for the maximum modal response, setting the cosine value of maximum (-1):

Computing for the response equation, u(t):

Computing for the maximum response, setting the cosine value of maximum (-1):

Computing for the maximum response: