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Uses correct grammar and spelling. Spelling emphasis placed terms in the curriculum statement. (1 mark)
Clearly and concisely explains concepts using relevant biological language. (1 mark)
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SECTION B
26 (a) translation
-1 spelling
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
require energy
(1)
(4)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(4)
More steps/trophic levels in B
(2)
(6)
(2)
(2)
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(plasmid and DNA containing salt resistant cut with the same restriction enzyme)
then joined together
(2)
(recombinant plasmid put into bacterium) then bacterium infects cereal plant
transferring genes
(2)
(4)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(b)
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(4)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(12)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(b) (ii) to ensure that the effect was due to the drug
or
as a control
(comparison only (1 mark)
(2)
(8)
Less accidents
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
(2)
(2)
(4)
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(2)
(2)
(2)
(2
33 (a) So that each daughter cell gets an identical copy (complete set) of the DNA.
(4)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2
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(4)
(2)
(4)
(4)
(10)
(2)
(2)
(10)
(2)
(d) Many more colonies are able to grow when chemical X is added to the culture
medium.
(e) (i) high temperatures
(2)
(1)
(2)
(ii) radiation
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(1)
35 (a) Graph:
accurate plot (3)
labels on both axes (1)
appropriate choice of scale (1)
lines of best fit (1)
(6)
(2)
(2)
(2
(2)
(2)
36 (a) Meiosis
(incorrect spelling 1)
(4)
(2)
(10)
(c) Mitosis
(incorrect spelling.-1)
(2)
(2)
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(4)
(2)
(16)
(4)
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(4)
(10)
(4)
(2)
Describe:
The role of at least one internal and at least one external factor in controlling the cell cycle; (6 marks)
cellular processes that use glucose to provide the ATP that is needed to synthesis gene products.
(6 marks)
The question states cellular processes that use glucose hence the answer is restricted to the respiration
components only.
Aerobic respiration (3 marks)
Anaerobic respiration (3 marks)
Discussion of the following for each reaction
reactants
products
balanced equation or word equation
use of oxygen
completeness of glucose breakdown
site
number of ATP molecules formed
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39. Describe:
one method that could be used by scientists to determine whether the leafy sea dragon is more
closely related to the sea horse or to the pipefish;
(4 marks)
Method 1 DNA sequencing
Isolate corresponding sections of DNA from both species
Determine base sequence of each segment
Compare sequences for similarity of base sequence
More similar = more closely related
Method 2 - DNA fingerprinting
Isolate fragments of DNA from both species
PCR to amplify sections
Compare lengths of the specified STRs/junk repeats
Frequency of the repeated base sequences compared
Close match of lengths indicates close relationship
Method 3 DNA-DNA hybridisation
DNA from one species heated to separate complementary strands
Single strand from other species mixed with separated strand
Mixture is cooled
Closely matched strands bind more tightly than those not well matched
Newly formed double helix is reheated
At lower temperatures, poorly matched strands separate more easily
DNA from closely matched strands should match well
Method 4 Protein comparison
Common molecule selected, eg cytochrome c
Amino acid sequences from both species compared
Amino acid sequence is due to order of bases in the mRNA/DNA from each species
Good degree of match indicates close relationship
the importance to the kelp forest community of protecting the leafy sea dragon;
(4 marks)
two advantages of protecting the kelp forests rather than protecting only the leafy sea dragon
(4 marks).
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