200

3%

150

2%

100

1%

50

0%

Labour
Maintenance
Fuel

07
20

05
20

03
20

01
20

99
19

97
19

95
19

19

93

Power

19
91

07
20

20

20

01
20

19

19

19

19

19

05

4%

03

250

99

5%

97

300

95

350

6%

93

Production costs of cementitious sales ($millions)

7%

91

Alternative fuel use as a percentage

of total thermal energy use

The Australian cement industry in 2007 utilised over 50,000 tonnes of demolition timber, an increase of 30% from the previous year as an alternative fuel source lowering
its greenhouse emissions and reducing volumes of material going to landfill.

07
20

05
20

03
20

01
20

99

0
19

07
20

05
20

03
20

01
20

99
19

97
19

95
19

93
19

91

30

97

Staff at
year end

1000

60

19

2000

State

90

95

3000

Federal

120

19

4000

150

93

Tonnes
cement
produced
per employee

Government
taxes

19

5000

180

91

Employee
costs
($ millions)

19

190
170
150
130

19

AUSTRALIAN CEMENT INDUSTRY

Government payments ($millions)

Employee productivity

Cement plants are predominantly located in regional areas making it a significant regional employer. Community consultative groups have been established and provide
a forum to liase on relevant environmental, social and economic issues and the future development of the local and regional community.

STATISTICS

2007

Clinker and cement production (million tonnes)

Clinker production by kiln type (million tonnes)

10

Cement

Clinker

Precalciner

Semi wet/dry

Long wet

Cement extenders used in cement production

and sold for concrete production (million tonnes)

Thermal energy use (PJ)

2.5

40

t, with more and more cement being blended with other industrial by products:
mills.

07
20

05
20

03

19
90
19199
911
19
9
191 2
939
3
19
19 94
1995
95
19199
6
1997
97
1919
9998
19
202 99
010
0
20
20 01
0
203
02
20200
053
20
0
202 4
070
5
% Power reduction
from 1990 per tonne
of cement produced

15%

15

10%

20
0

20
0

07
20

05
20

03

01
20

99
19

97
19

19

95

-5%

91

0%

01

5%

19

7
20
0

20
05

20
03

20
01

19
99

19
97

19
95

19
93

19

91

20%

20
0

10

25%

20

Fly ash used in

cement production

25

30%

99

0.5

Coal, coke
and diesel

% Fuel reduction
from 1990 per tonne
of cement produced

35%

20

1.0

Slag used in
cement production

Natural gas

40%

19

30

New blending processes have helped to reduce the cement industrys environmental impact
fly ash from coal fired power stations and ground granulated blast furnace slag from steel m

95

Limestone used in
cement production

1.5

Alternative fuels

93

2.0

Tonnes C02
Tonnes
C02
emissions
emissions
per tonne of
per
tonne of
material
material

Fuel and power efficiency gains

35

19

Extenders sold
direct to market

20

01
20

99
19

97
19

95
19

93
19

91

The industrys viability is dependent upon adopting leading edge practices, minimising
costs, utilising alternative fuels and raw materials advancing industry towards sustainability.

20

Cement is the main binding ingredient in concrete, the most common building
and construction material in the world.

19

20
07

20
05

20
03

20
01

19
99

19
97

19
95

19
93

19
91

emissions per tonne of

20% reduction in CO2 emissions
production since 1990.
per tonne of production since 1990.

19
9

24% reduction in CO2

1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6

93

Suspension
preheater

19

19

Million tonnes
Million
tonnes
of cementitious
of
cementitious
material
sold
material sold

91

11
10
109
98
87
76
6

19

Kiln type

Cementitious material sales and CO2 emissions

Industrys participation in the Asia Pacific Partnership (APP) offers unique opportunities to engage counterparts in neighbouring countries, share technology, improve raw material
production and foster clean development and constructive approaches to climate change.