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UN-13B

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Exercise 1
S
X
T
r
Sigma
d1

10 d2
11
12 N(d1)
13 N(d2)
14
15 Call price
16 Put price
17

50
50
0.50000
10.00%
25%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.3712 <-- (LN(S/X)+(r+0.5*sigma^2)*T)/(sigma*SQRT(T))


0.1945 <-- d1-sigma*SQRT(T)
0.6448 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d1)
0.5771 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d2)
4.79 <-- S*N(d1)-X*exp(-r*T)*N(d2)
2.35 <-- call price - S + X*Exp(-r*T): by Put-Call parity
2.35 <-- X*exp(-r*T)*N(-d2) - S*N(-d1): direct formula

UN-13B

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Exercise 2
S
X
T
r
Sigma

33
40
0.50000
6.00%
79%

d1

-0.0085 <-- (LN(S/X)+(r+0.5*sigma^2)*T)/(sigma*SQRT(T))


-0.5699 <-- d1-sigma*SQRT(T)

10 d2
11
12 N(d1)
13 N(d2)
14
15 Call price

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.4966 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d1)


0.2844 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d2)
5.35 <-- S*N(d1)-X*exp(-r*T)*N(d2)

UN-13B

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Exercise 3
S
X
T
r
Sigma

25
25
1.00000
5.00%
58%

d1

0.3771 <-- (LN(S/X)+(r+0.5*sigma^2)*T)/(sigma*SQRT(T))


-0.2055 <-- d1-sigma*SQRT(T)

10 d2
11
12 N(d1)
13 N(d2)
14
15 Call price
16 Put price
17

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.6470 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d1)


0.4186 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d2)
6.22 <-- S*N(d1)-X*exp(-r*T)*N(d2)
5.00 <-- call price - S + X*Exp(-r*T): by Put-Call parity
5.00 <-- X*exp(-r*T)*N(-d2) - S*N(-d1): direct formula

UN-13B

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Stock
volatility

Call
price

Exercise 4
S
X
T
r
Sigma
d1

10 d2
11
12 N(d1)
13 N(d2)
14
15 Call price
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

40
38
0.50000
4.00%
30%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.4421 <-- (LN(S/X)+(r+0.5*sigma^2)*T)/(sigma*SQRT(T))


0.2300 <-- d1-sigma*SQRT(T)
0.6708 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d1)
0.5910 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d2)
4.82 <-- S*N(d1)-X*exp(-r*T)*N(d2)

10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%

2.97622
3.82388
4.82053
5.85624
6.90438
7.95485

UN-13B

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Time to
maturity

Put
price

Exercise 5
S
X
T
r
Sigma

Put price

40
38
0.50000
4.00%
30%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

2.07

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2

1.12567
1.80469
2.29977
2.69470
3.02419
3.30660
3.55308
3.77096
3.96541
4.14024

UN-13B

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Exercise 6
S
X
T
r
Sigma

50
50
0.50000
10.00%
25%

Call price

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

4.79111753
Call Price

35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00

Call Price

15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0

20

40

60

80

100

Put Price

4.00
3.50
3.00

Stock Price Call Price


50
4.79
20
0.00
25
0.00
30
0.01
35
0.12
40
0.67
45
2.14
50
4.79
55
8.48
60
12.85
65
17.59
70
22.49
75
27.46
80
32.44

Stock volatility Put Price


25.00%
2.35
10.00%
0.49
12.00%
0.71
14.00%
0.95
16.00%
1.19
18.00%
1.44
20.00%
1.70
22.00%
1.96
24.00%
2.22
26.00%
2.48
28.00%
2.75
30.00%
3.01
32.00%
3.28
34.00%
3.55

Time to maturity
Call Price
0.5
4.79
0.1
1.83
0.2
2.74
0.3
3.49
0.4
4.17
0.5
4.79
0.6
5.38
0.7
5.94
0.8
6.47
0.9
6.99
1
7.49

Risk-free rate Call Price


10.0%
4.79
5.0%
4.13
5.5%
4.19
6.0%
4.26
6.5%
4.32
7.0%
4.39
7.5%
4.45
8.0%
4.52
8.5%
4.59
9.0%
4.65
9.5%
4.72
10.0%
4.79
10.5%
4.86
11.0%
4.93
11.5%
5.00
12.0%
5.07
12.5%
5.14
13.0%
5.21
13.5%
5.28

2.50
2.00

Put Price

1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

Exercise price Put Price


50
2.35
41
0.28
42
0.38
43
0.51
44
0.66
45
0.85
46
1.07
47
1.33
48
1.63
49
1.97
50
2.35
51
2.78
52
3.24
53
3.75
54
4.29
55
4.88
56
5.50
57
6.16
58
6.85
59
7.57
60
8.31

UN-13B

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Stock
price

Call
price

Intrinsic
value

Exercise 7
S
X
T
r
Sigma
d1

10 d2
11
12 N(d1)
13 N(d2)
14
15 Call price
16 Put price
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

50
50
0.50000
10.00%
25%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.3712 <-- (LN(S/X)+(r+0.5*sigma^2)*T)/(sigma*SQRT(T))


0.1945 <-- d1-sigma*SQRT(T)
0.6448 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d1)
0.5771 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d2)
4.79 <-- S*N(d1)-X*exp(-r*T)*N(d2)
2.35 <-- call price - S + X*Exp(-r*T): by Put-Call parity
2.35 <-- X*exp(-r*T)*N(-d2) - S*N(-d1): direct formula

43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63

1.41172
2.13699
3.05683
4.16784
5.45650
6.90237
8.48143
10.16908
11.94227
13.78084
15.66802

0
0
0
0
1
3
5
7
9
11
13

Black-Scholes Price versus Intrinsic Value

20
15
10
5
0
45

50

55
Stock price S ($)

Call price

Intrinsic value

60

65

UN-13B

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Stock
price

Put
price

Intrinsic
value

Exercise 8
S
X
T
r
Sigma
d1

10 d2
11
12 N(d1)
13 N(d2)
14
15 Call price
16 Put price
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

50
50
0.50000
10.00%
25%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.3712 <-- (LN(S/X)+(r+0.5*sigma^2)*T)/(sigma*SQRT(T))


0.1945 <-- d1-sigma*SQRT(T)
0.6448 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d1)
0.5771 <-- Uses formula NormSDist(d2)
4.79 <-- S*N(d1)-X*exp(-r*T)*N(d2)
2.35 <-- call price - S + X*Exp(-r*T): by Put-Call parity
2.35 <-- X*exp(-r*T)*N(-d2) - S*N(-d1): direct formula

30 17.57100
35 12.68223
40 8.22777
45 4.69846
50 2.35259
55 1.04290
60 0.41598
65 0.15195
70 0.05167
75 0.01660
80 0.00510

20
15
10
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Black-Scholes Price versus Intrinsic Value

25
20
15
10
5
0
30

40

50

60
Stock price S ($)

Put price

Intrinsic value

70

80

90

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Exercise 9
The functions in this spreadsheet--Calloption and Putoption--were
defined by the author; they are part of this spreadsheet.
S
X
T
r
Sigma

Call price
Option
intrinsic
12 value
13
14 difference

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

45
45
1.00000
8.00%
40%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

8.72

0
8.72 Note: the maximum is achieved at the money

Stock price
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70

Option
BS call
intrinsic
price
value
8.72
0
0.617487
0
1.63739
0
3.335565
0
5.721161
0
8.723861
0
12.23787
5
16.15319
10
20.37198
15
24.81446
20
29.4189
25

Comparing the BS

35
30

when the s

25
20
15
10
5
0
-5

25

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13
14

15
16
17
18
19
Comparing
the BS Option Price (the curved
20
to the Option Intrinsic Value
21
when
the stock price S is varied
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
35
45
55
32
33
Stock price
34
35

line)

65

PFIZER (PFE) OPTION


PRICES, 4 MARCH 2005

1
2 Stock price
3 Current date
4 Interest rate
5
6
Expiration
7
17-Jun-05
8
17-Jun-05
9
17-Jun-05
10
17-Jun-05
11
17-Jun-05
12
17-Jun-05

26.85
4-Mar-05
2.60%
Exercise
22.50
25.00
27.50
30.00
32.50
37.50

Call
4.70
2.55
1.00
0.30
0.05

Put
0.25
0.65
1.60
3.50
10.70

Call volatility Put volatility


27.48%
30.12%
23.24%
26.19%
20.89%
23.60%
20.78%
27.07%
19.56%
1.62%
45.77%

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Exercise 11

S
X
T
r
Sigma
Intrinsic value
Put price

100
160
0.50000
12.00%
35%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

60.00
51.30 <-- =putoption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)

UN-13B

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Exercise 12
S
X
T
r
Sigma

38
40
0.50000
5.00%
25%

d1

-0.0603 <-- (LN(S/X)+(r+0.5*sigma^2)*T)/(sigma*SQRT(T))


-0.2371 <-- d1-sigma*SQRT(T)

10 d2
11
12
13 N(d2)

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.4063 <-- Probability that the option will be exercised

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Exercise 13

S
X
T
r
Sigma
Call price

50
55
0.75000
5.00%
36.6%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

5.10 <-- =calloption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)

DATA:

Using Solver:

45
50
55

3
7
3.7
1.6

45
50
55

3
38.0%
34.1%
32.0%

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23
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25
26

6
8.3
5.2
2.9

9
10.5
7.5
5.1

6
35.0%
32.8%
30.8%

9
41.5%
38.7%
36.6%

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Exercise 14

S
X
T
r
Sigma
Call price
Put price

20
18
1.00000
3.74%
33%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

3.98 <-- =calloption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)


1.32 <-- =putoption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)

No. Put Call Parity doesn't hold.


Call price should be 3.98

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Exercise 15

S
X
T
r
Sigma
Call price

50
60
0.16667
5.50%
27%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

0.15 <-- =calloption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)

Note:
7.8% monthly volatility is translated into 27% annual volatility

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Exercise 16

S
X
T
r
Sigma
Call price
Put price

55
55
0.25000
2.00%
40%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

4.51 <-- =calloption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)


4.23 <-- =putoption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)

Call Price based on Put Price and Put Call Parity:


4.51

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Exercise 17

S
X
T
r
Sigma
Call price

43
40
0.25000
6.17%
24%

Current stock price


Exercise price
Time to maturity of option (in years)
Risk-free rate of interest
Stock volatility

4.30 <-- =calloption(B5,B6,B7,B8,B9)


The option market price is well below its theoretical price
: -> an arbitrage opportunity

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1 Exercise 18
2
3
4
5 The lower the voltaility the lower the price.
6 Assuming other factors stay the same (interest rate) -the option price decreased

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