#7

Reagents

Solubility in H2SO4

Conc. H2SO4

Ignition Test
Baeyers Test

Bromine Test

Nitration
Basic Oxidation

Immediate
color 2% KMnO4
change
VG
V Br
VC
Color change
0.5% Br2 in CCl4
RB Y
RB C
Yellow oily layer
Conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4
Immediate
change
VG
V Br
VC

color 2% KMnO4, 10% NaOH

#8

Reagents

Compounds Positive
Cyclohexene
toluene
Aromatic >
saturated
Cyclohexene

unsaturated

Actively unsaturated

AE Halogenation
SR

Toluene
Benzene
Toluene

Aromatic

SN

Positive Results

Preliminary test for

organic halides

Green flame (CuX2)

Reaction with
Alcoholic Silver
Nitrate
Reaction with
Sodium Iodide in
Acetone

Test
for
Reactivity

SN1 2% ethanolic AgNO3

White ppt (AgCl)

Test
for
Reactivity

SN2 15% NaI

acetone

#9
Lucas Test

anhydrous White ppt (NaCl)

Reagents

Aliphatic unsaturated
With activator
> ILYS
CBN
Actively unsaturated

Reaction
Mechanism
AE
hydrosulfonation
REDOX:
Combustion
REDOX: Oxidation

Cyclohexene

Beilstein Test

in

Inference

Positive Results

With
carbon

oxidizable REDOX: Oxidation

Compounds Positive
n-butyl chloride
sec-butyl chloride
tert-butyl chloride
chlorobenzene
sec-butyl chloride
tert-butyl chloride
n-butyl chloride
sec-butyl chloride

Compounds Positive

Differentiates 1o, 2o Anhydrous ZnCl in conc. Turbidity / formation of 2 layers tert-butyl alcohol

Reaction
Mechanism

SN1
SN2
Reaction
Mechanism

SN1

Chromic Acid Test

(Jones Oxidation)

DNPH / 2, 4 DNP
Derivative Test

Fehlings Test

Tollens Test /
Silver Mirror Test
Iodoform Test

and 3o alcohols
HCl
Test for oxidizable CrO3 = K2CrO4, H2SO4
carbons
Test for carbonyl
groups:
Differentiate
aromatic and
aliphatic carbonyl
containing organic
compounds
Test for oxidizable
carbons:
Differentiating test
for aliphatic(+) and
aromatic (-)
aldehydes
Test for oxidizable
carbons
Test for methyl
carbonyl

# 10
Hydrolysis:

Alcoholysis:

n-butyl alcohol
sec-butyl alcohol

REDOX

2,4
Conjugated:
crystalline
red- crystalline yellow
dinitrophenylhydrazine,
orange ppt
acetaldehyde
conc. H2SO4, 95% ethanol Nonconjugated: crystalline yellow acetone
crystalline red-orange
ppt

benzaldehyde
acetophenone
Fehlings A:
Brick-red ppt (Cu2O)
benzaldehyde
hydrated CuSO4(aq)
Fehlings B:
KNaC4H4O64H2O, NaOH

ANE

5% AgNO3, 5% NaOH, 2% Silver mirror (Ago)

Benzaldehyde
NH4OH
acetaldehyde
10% KI, 5% NaOCl
Canary yellow crystals or ppt Acetone
(Ch3I)
Acetophenone
Acetaldehyde
Ethanol

REDOX

Reagents
Acid Halides:
water, 2% AgNO3,
NaHCO3

Esterification of

(RX formation)
Green or blue-green solution

Positive Results

Compounds Positive
Acetyl chloride

Esters:
25% NaOH, 10% HCl
Amides:
10% NaOH

Acid halides:
White ppt (AgCl), vigorous
warming effect, effervescence
Acid anhydrides:
________
Esters:
vinegar-like odor (CH3COOH)
Amides:
ammonia odor, RB, BB
(NH3)

Carboxylic acid:

Carboxylic acid; acid halide and

Acetic Acid

REDOX

REDOX

Reaction
Mechanism

SNacyl

Acetic anhydride
Ethyl acetate
Benzamide

SNacyl

Schotten-Baumann carboxylic acid and

Reaction
alcohol

Aminolysis:
Anilide Formation
Hydroxamic Acid
Test

conc. H2SO4
Acid halides and acid
anhydrides:
Ethanol, 20% NaOH
Aniline, water

Reaction of FeCl3
in Organic
Compounds

NH2OHHCl/KOH
5%FeCl3
1 M KOH

# 12
Reaction of Acetic
anhydride and
Salicylic acid
Ferric Chloride
Test

Reagents

Synthesis of aspirin

Salicylic acid, acetic

anhydride + conc. H2SO4

Test for enol group

2% aqueous FeCl3

acid anhydrides:
Heat, HCl, phase separation,
este-like odor

White crystalline ppt

(acetanilide)
Acetyl chloride:
magenta/burgundy

Positive Results

Acetyl chloride
Acetic anhydride
Acetyl chloride
Acetic anhydride
Ethyl acetate

Compounds Positive

SNacyl
Violet coloration

Commercial aspirin
Synthesized aspirin

Starch Test
Preparation of
Methyl Salicylate

Test for presence

of starch
Synthesizing
methyl salicylate

Methyl alcohol, conc.

H2SO4

# 13
Preparation of
Soap
Test for Glycerol /
Acrolein Test
Preparation of
Detergent
Behavior in Hard
Water

Reagents
3NaOH
, KHSO4
Conc. H2SO4, 6M NaOH
1% CaCl2, 1% MgCl2

Reaction/Mechani
sm

Blue to blue-black suspension

(iodo-starch complex)
Peppermint odor

Commercial aspirin

Results
White amorphous solid (soap)
glycerol
Burned fat odor (acrolein)
White amorphous solid (sodium
dodecylsulfate)
Disappearance of layer

Hydrolyze salicylic
acid to form acetic
acid
Unreacted salicylic
acid

Reaction
Saponification
Dehydration

emulsification