Management and Administration

Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish
desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning,
organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or
entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
Administration is defined as the universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct
activities toward common goals and objectives.
Difference
Administration makes the important decisions of an enterprise in its entirety, whereas management makes the
decisions within the confines of the framework, which is set up by the administration.

Academic Institution
Academic institution is an educational institution dedicated to education and research, which grants academic
degrees. See also academy and university.

Types of academic institutions include

Primary schools - A primary school (from French cole primaire ) is an institution where children receive
the first stage of compulsory education known as primary or elementary education. Primary school is the
preferred term in the United Kingdom and many Commonwealth Nations, and in most publications of the
[2]
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In some countries, and
especially in North America, the term elementary school is preferred. Children generally attend primary
school from around the age of four or five until the age of eleven or twelve.

Secondary schools - Secondary school is a term used to describe an institution where the final stage of
compulsory schooling, known as secondary education, takes place. It follows on from primary or
elementary education. There are many different types of secondary school and the terminology used
varies around the world. Children usually transfer to secondary school between the ages of 11 and 14,
and finish between the ages of 16 and 18, though there is considerable variation from country to country.
In North America the term high school is often used as a synonym for secondary school.

Advanced educational institutions, also known as tertiary schools or schools of higher education - Tertiary
education, also referred to as third stage, third level, and post-secondary education, is the educational
level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school,
secondary school, or gymnasium. Higher education is normally taken to include undergraduate and
postgraduate education, while vocational education and training beyond secondary education is known as
further education

[1]

Special Laws
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9155

AN ACT INSTITUTING A FRAME WORK OF GOVERNANCE FOR BASIC EDUCATION, ESTABLISHING AUTHORITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY, RENAMING THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS AS THE DEPARTMENT
OF EDUCATION, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7722
.
AN ACT CREATING THE COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7796
AN ACT CREATING THE TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, PROVIDING FOR ITS
POWERS, STRUCTURE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Philippines. The
Constitution currently in effect was enacted in 1987, during the administration of President Corazon Aquino, and is
[1]
popularly known as the "1987 Constitution". Philippine constitutional law experts recognize three other previous
constitutions as having effectively governed the country the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973
[2][3]
Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom Constitution.
Constitutions for the Philippines were also drafted and
adopted during the short-lived governments of Presidents Emilio Aguinaldo (1898) and Jos P. Laurel (1943).
article 14, Section 19 of the philippine constitution

(1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur
sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the
development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with
athletic clubs and other sectors.