Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
1. PRODUCTION At the end of the lessons, students Activity 1: Identify the stages of production
should be able to:
1.1 The chain in production. Provide a picture of different stages of production. Ask the
• Define production. students to identify each of them.
• Production of goods and
services to satisfy human • Explain the chain in production.
wants and needs. Activity 2: Satisfy the human wants
• Define and give examples of
• Process of production from the different types of Show how the workers engaged in the production of for
primary through secondary industries:- examples; handbags, t-shirts watches or computers satisfy
to tertiary production. human wants.
• Extractive industries.
• Manufacturing
• Extractive, manufacturing industries. Activity 3: Activities in the production process
and construction industries • Construction industries. (the
and tertiary activities. • Tertiary industries. chain in production)
• Meaning of these types of • Define specialization and Show the stages in the production for example; making of
industries with examples. division of labour. papers (a chain of production for making paper). Then, link
them with the different types of industries involve.
• Describe specialization and
1.2 Specialization and Division of division of labour by country,
Labour. by region, by town, by firm and Activity 4: How specialization and division of
by individual. labour works?
• Meaning and use of the
terms specialization and • Define the followings: - By looking at school environment, show how the different
division of labour.
people in the school specialize at in their jobs. Examples;
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• Forms of specialization; by • Commerce. chemistry teachers, economics teachers and history
country, by region, by town, • Trade. teachers. The specialization of services.
by firm, by factory, by • Home trade.
individual. • Foreign trade. Activity 5: Testing Ideas
• Describe how aids to trade help
trade/business. Discuss together with the student how trade is important for
1.3 Commerce. a country.
• Explain the relationship
• Process of exchange of between industry, commerce
goods and services. and direct services. Activity 6: Testing Ideas
Take one or more of the aids to trade and show how for
1.4 Trade.
example transport and banks assist the production of
mineral water.
• Nature, purposes and
importance of trade, both at
home and overseas.
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Topic 2: RETAIL TRADE
2. RETAIL TRADE At the end of the lessons, students Activity 1: Retailers’ Role.
should be able to:
2.1 Role of retailer in the chain of Give an example of a retailer in Brunei, lets say Hua Ho
distribution. • Explain the role of retailer in Department and show how its role in the chain of
the chain of distribution. distribution.
• Services of the retailer as
the middleman between • Explain the features of both For example;
manufacturer and consumer. small-scale retailers and large-
scale retailers. 1. How does Hua Ho Department Store in our country
• Responses to changes in helps in the chain of distribution?
customer requirements and • Identify the examples of small-
expectations. scale and large-scale retailers.
Activity 2: Retailers’ services.
• Explain the advantages and
2.2 Types of retailer. disadvantages of the following Create questions to show the services of the retailer to the
retailers:- manufacturer as well as to the customers;.
• Large and small; their
characteristics, advantages • department store. For example;
and disadvantages. • supermarket.
• mail order business. 1. A small town has the following shops;
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2.4 Home shopping. home shopping. Activity 3: Identify the retailers.
• Mail order, shopping by Show some pictures of small-scale retailers (SSR) and large-
phone, telesales, shopping scale retailers (LSR) to students, Students then, identify
by television, shopping on them.
internet.
• Effects on wholesalers, other Grocer shop, school canteen, small shops in the mall,
retailers and consumers. Mother Care, Harrods Department Store and largest
Nazmi Textile Company, Kentucky Fried Chicken
• Reasons for the survival of
the small-scale retailer, e.g. Identify them into;
personal service, opening i. Small-scale retailer
hours, additional services. ii. Large-scale retailer
For example;
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Activity 5: Listing the advantages and
disadvantages.
• Supermarket
• Department store
• Multiple chain
For example;
i. bar coding
ii. point-of-sale advertising
iii. vending machine
For example;
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consumers to do their shopping comfortably at
home. Explain two of them (with examples of goods
being offered).
i. Shopping on internet
ii. Shopping by television
iii. Shopping by phone
3. WHOLESALE TRADE At the end of the lessons, students Activity 1: Wholesaler’s roles/services
should be able to:
3.1 The role of the wholesaler in Show the roles/services of the wholesaler to the
the chain of distribution. manufacturer, to the retailer as well as to the consumers.
• Define wholesale trade and
• Different patterns of wholesaler. For example;
distribution.
• Recognize the different patterns 1. Malar Company is a wholesale trade selling
• Trends in wholesaling: forces of distributing goods from the foodstuffs and supplies to the retailers in small
making for the elimination and manufacturer to the final town.
the survival of the consumers.
independent wholesaler. (a) What are the services of Malar Compay (a
wholesaler) to the retailers?
• Produce reasons for the
3.2 Functions and services of the elimination and the survival of (b) State the services of Malar Company to the
wholesaler. the independent wholesalers in manufacturers.
the chain of distribution.
• Services provided for the (c) Identify the services of Malar Company to the
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manufacturer, retailer, • State the functions and services customers.
consumer. of the wholesaler to the
manufacturer, retailer and
consumer. Activity 2: Recognizing the pattern of
3.3 Intermediaries. distributing goods
• Role of merchants and • Define the role of broker, factor Aeroplanes, helicopters, customers’ own design
agents. and forwarding agent. furniture, soft drinks, vehicles, cables, stationery,
haircut, insurance services and cooking oil.
• Forwarding agents. • Differentiate between a broker
and factor. By referring to the above goods and services. Identify the
channels of distributing goods/services from the
manufacturer to the final consumers.
Example;
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Topic 4: DOCUMENTS OF TRADE
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documents. discount, trade discount and o Letter of inquiry
mark up. o Invoice
4.2 Terms of payment. o Delivery order
• Cash and trade discounts, (a) From the above documents, identify one
mark-up. document sent by the customer to agree to buy
the goods.
For example;
i. Invoice
ii. Delivery order
iii. Statement of account
iv. Receipt
• Activity 3: Cash and trade discounts.
For example;
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(b) How much she would pay if she paid within 10
days?
Topic 5: BANKING
5. BANKING At the end of the lessons, students • Activity 1: Recognize the banking
should be able to: services.
5.1 Banking Services
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Show to the students what are the services provided by a
• Deposit, savings accounts and • Recognize the services provided commercial bank to their customers especially business
current accounts and services by the commercial banks. community.
provided e.g. paying –in-slip,
bank statement. • Identify the different means of For example;
payment for home and
international trade activities. 1. Mr. Jackie has a bank current account and a
5.2 Means of payment for home fixed deposit account.
and international trade • Describe the purpose of each
activities. means of making payment. (a) State two advantages to Mr. Jackie of having
both accounts.
• Cash; cheques; credit • State the advantages and
transfers; standing orders; disadvantages of the following
direct debits; electronic trends in banking: - (b) Why is a fixed deposit account suitable to
transfers; documentary people who have excess amount of funds?
credits; bank drafts; debit • ATMs.
cards; credit cards. (c) Mr. Jackie is able to use the following bank
• Telebanking.
services to pay bills:
• Internet banking.
• Purposes of each means of
making payment.
BANK DRAFTS CREDIT CARD
CREDIT TRANSFERS DIRECT DEBITS
5.3 Trends in banking.
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(c) What is telebanking and state the services
offer?
Topic 6: COMMUNICATIONS
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ii. An exporter in Brunei has sent his goods to a
customer in Thailand and wishes to tell the
buyer the
date when they will arrive.
• Telbru
• Post Office
Note: The order of syllabus contents may change from year to year in accordance to the
syllabus provided by CIE but there is no change to the content of topics.
Recommended Textbooks:
Betsy Li and Tan Sai Kim, Modern Certificate Guides: Elements of Commerce, 1999
Bill Jones, Revise Commerce, A Complete Revision Course For GCSE
D Butler, GCSE Business Studies, 2001
Dave Hall, GCSE Applied Business
Gerry Gorman, GCSE Business Studies, 1989
Richard Barrett and Mario Gow, Commerce Skills, 1998
Other sources;
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• Past 7100 Commerce “O” Level Papers, From Examination Department
• Past 7101/2 Commercial Studies “O” Level Papers, From Examination Department
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