Russian revolution

St. Petersburg (then Petrograd) - 1917 - Kronstadt was fort of sailors defending
city.
Shortage of food, world war on progress, winter season, protests started.
Demand changed from bread to removal of emperor, socialist took a chance here.
Freedom or death
Czar shoot the demomstrators, 50 dead, protests still cntinued
soldiers were angry , not feel like shooting. officer shoot dead
Mutiny started, then it spreaded like disease
Navy was advanced, sailors were not treated well, 30,000 soldiers near capital i
n fort, Kronstadt.
1 of march sailors elected new revolutionary committe, they arrested and killed
officers, killed admiral
Nicholas II was stopped to enter capital, He abdicated
The soviets, set up to represent the masses
Czar regime replaced by provisional govt.
Provisional govt vs The soviets
Exiled revolutionary leaders coming back, lenin was coming back also after febru
ary revolution.
He wrote tempelate for Russian future, 10 points
April Thesis, all power to soviet, no confidence in provisional govt.
Peace, Bread and Land - Lenin slogan, provisional govt wanted war with Germany.
People want peace.
Soldiers and Sailors (10,000) wanted govt to transfer power to soviet.
They reached Bolshevik head.Q (Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (R
SDLP))
Provisional govt troops fired at demonstrators.
Lenin was labelled as German spy.
Former minister of war was appointed as prime minister.
October lenin returned to Petrograd.
Decided for armed uprising, seek supports from sailors only support.
Sieze railway,bridges,telephone exchanges and sailors will be in front line.
II revolution in Octuber was organizd,
Sieze control of winter palace and demand surrender of Govt.
Bolshevik's problem was now the drunken mobs and sailors,
Bolshevik got only 1/4 of support in elections, Lenin took over parliament by sa
ilors
Republic of soviet, lenin set up checker, which can arrest and charge any opposi
tion group member.
Sailors got against Lenin and checkers
When Lenin was shoot (which he survived) , declared as miracle and chosen one.
Then reign of terror started, red terror.
6000 political opponents were murdered.
Lenin feaared military threat also, He created new fighting force The red army.
Lenin second in command was his leader. Rebel army also created by the fear of g
ermans taking over russsia.
This army took control over Siberia, local russian forces
Yekaterinburg , in this city was royal family since last 4 months, so checks leg
ion in 1918 family killed.
Checks advanced to capital, Now Lenin was taking it serious this new White army
which was created to fight Russian original new army.
Sailors sent to check the check legion, Bolshevik
1918 war with Germany ended.
Then civil war btw Bolshevik Red and Conservative White. (White were loyal to Tz
ar)
Capital changed from petrograd to Moscov. Whites were backed by west and were he
lped by 2 lac army.

Whole world against Russia , Allies left Russia , White defeated.

3 million enemy trops killed, 2 million died in disease.
Peasents were forced to hand over grain at prices fixed by state, if not they we
re shot dead, and then further 5 million people died.
Sailors were not happy at the peasents situation because they were there family.
Now some of party elites enjoyed power.
Industrial production reduced by 20% , transport problem, strikes and uprising a
gain.
Salors sent delegations to petrograd, they thought power will be decentralized,
but it was highly sentralizd one party power.
1921, 5000 sailors resigned, they wanted multi party soviet democracy and free e
lections and end to bolshevik dictatorship.
They sent message that communists are removed and temp revolutionary party is in
control.
Kronstadt was H.Q of sailors, Lenin refused the demands of sailors.they were kno
wn as crack trop,
Red army attacked Kronstadt, but were destroyed and repled,
Lenin wanted people on his side, so they spread propoganda and gave free bread
to people,
45,000 Red army people were brought again to Petrograd and attacked Kronstadt at
night.
Sailors surrendered,some left ships some still there,
Those who stay were shoot dead to taken to concentration camps.
Thousands died. 1921
Lenin legalized abortion in 1920
Lenin: His brother Alexander was hanged for making bomb meant fo Tzar.
Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky was the guy read by Lenin, and lenin was influ
enced by him.
Lenin was exiled in Siberia,
Lenin sided with Soviets
Germans paid for Lenin and his followers to send in Russia, so that Lenin stands
for them.
Died in 1924, age 53