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PLMN selection
Used to ensure that the PLMN selected by the UE provides services properly.
Location registration
This procedure is used by the UE to report its status to the network. This procedure is of
two types: periodical location registration and the location registration necessitated by
changes in the location area.
Paging procedure
Used for the network to send paging messages to a UE which is in idle mode, CELL_PCH
state, or URA_PCH state.
Access procedure
From the view of access stratum, access is the procedure the UE shift from idle mode to
connected mode.
A PLMN identity consists of a Mobile Country Code (MCC) and a Mobile Network Code
(MNC).
When a UE is powered on or recovers from lack of coverage, after the cell search, the UE
first selects the last registered PLMN and attempts to register on that PLMN. If the
registration on the PLMN is successful, the UE shows the selected PLMN on the display,
and now it can obtain service from an operator. If the last registered PLMN is unavailable
or the registration on the PLMN fails, another PLMN can be automatically or manually
selected according to the priorities of PLMNs stored in the USIM.
Cell search is a procedure in which a UE achieves time and frequency synchronization with
a cell, obtains the physical cell ID, and learns the signal quality and other information about
the cell based on the physical cell ID. Before PLMN selection, a UE performs a cell search
on all carrier frequencies.
By monitoring the synchronization signal, UE gets the frame synchronization, and then, UE
can measure the reference signal and read the BCH.
The P-SS and S-SS of a cell is determained by the site ID - NID(1) and sector ID - NID(2) , NID(1)
and NID(2) can be calculated by the physical cell ID-NIDcell.
Parameter ID
Description
PhyCellId
Indicates the physical cell ID, which can be reused and configured
according to planning. The range of Physical Cell ID is 0~503
When a UE fails to register on its last registered PLMN, the UE attempts to select
another PLMN. In automatic network selection mode, the UE selects a PLMN in the
following order:
HPLMN or an EHPLMN
Each PLMN in the "User Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology"
data file in the USIM, in order of priority, according to the UE's support for
Radio Access Technologies (RATs)
Other PLMNs with signals of high received quality, in a random order. The
high quality of signals is defined as the Reference Signal Received Power
(RSRP) of a cell in the PLMN being greater than or equal to -110 dBm.
When the UE finds a suitable cell in a PLMN during the preceding procedure, the
UE attempts to register on the PLMN. If the registration is successful, the UE camps
on the suitable cell; otherwise, the UE tries the next PLMN.
If the registration on none of the PLMNs is successful, the UE enters the limited
service state. If no PLMN is available, the UE cannot obtain any service.
When a UE fails to register on its last registered PLMN, the UE attempts to select
another PLMN. In manual network selection mode, the UE displays a list of PLMNs,
in the same order as the PLMNs to be selected in automatic network selection
mode.
In manual mode, the UE can also try forbidden PLMNs. If the UE succeeds in
registering on the selected PLMN, the PLMN is no more a forbidden PLMN to the
UE. The forbidden PLMNs are determined by the EPC.
Roaming
When in roaming state, a UE obtains service from a VPLMN that is different from
its HPLMN. For example, the UE obtains service from a PLMN in another country
(that is, from an international roaming area). When the UE with the roaming
service moves out of the coverage area of its HPLMN, the UE can obtain service
from another PLMN according to the PLMN information stored in the USIM. The
operator determines whether roaming is allowed for a UE.
After the UE registers on a VPLMN by roaming, it periodically searches for its
HPLMN and attempts to return to the HPLMN. The time interval between
consecutive searches for the HPLMN is defined by the operator and stored in the
USIM.
After selecting a PLMN, a UE selects a cell in the PLMN to camp on. When camped on the
cell, the UE monitors system information, performs measurements on the serving cell and
neighboring cells, and selects a better cell to camp on, according to measurement rules
and cell reselection criteria.
A UE can use one of the following two cell selection procedures: Stored Information Cell
Selection and Initial Cell Selection. The Stored Information Cell Selection procedure takes
precedence over the Initial Cell Selection procedure. The UE uses the latter procedure only
when it fails to find a suitable cell by using the former procedure.
During cell selection, a UE needs to check whether a cell fulfils the cell selection criteria.
The cell selection is based on the RSRP of the E-UTRAN cell. Before a UE can select a cell to
camp on, the RSRP of the cell must be higher than the user-defined minimum receive (RX)
level Qrxlevmin of the cell.
Srxlev > 0
Parameter
Description
Qrxlevmeas
Received RS level
Qrxlevmin
Qrxlevminoffset
Pcompensation
max (PMaximum allowed power PUE MAX Output Power, 0), where
PMaximum allowed power is sent in SIB1
Parameter ID
Description
Qrxlevmin
Qrxlevminoffset
Parameter ID
Description
PMaxCfgInd
PMax
Rank the measured cells based on radio signal quality and priorities.
From SIB ,UE can get the serving cell and inter frequency/RAT neighbors priorities.
For the high priority cells, UE measure them always, for the low priority cells, UE measure
them in case of the serving cell signal is lower than the threshold.
The intra frequency cells have the same frequency priority, frequencies of different RATs
must have different priorities.
Parameter ID
Description
SIntraSearchCfgInd
SIntraSearch
The priorities of E-UTRAN frequencies and inter-RAT frequencies are classified into the
following types:
During cell reselection, when a UE is camped on a suitable cell, the UE ignores all the
absolute priorities provided in system information if dedicated priorities are assigned
through dedicated signaling. If the UE acquires the priorities of other frequencies but no
priority of the serving frequency, the UE regards the priority of the serving frequency as the
lowest.
Parameter ID
Description
CellReselPrio
Parameter ID
Description
CellReselPriorityInd
CellReselPriority
Parameter ID
Description
CellReselPriorityInd
CellReselPriority
Parameter ID
Description
CellReselPriorityInd
CellReselPriority
Parameter ID
Description
T320ForLoadBalance
T320ForOther
A UE makes a cell reselection decision according to cell reselection criteria. When making a decision
on reselection to an intra frequency or equal-priority inter frequency cell, the UE checks whether the
signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than that of the serving cell.
The cell-ranking criteria R_s for the serving cell and R_n for neighboring cells are defined as follows:
Where:
Qmeas_s is the measured RSRP of the serving cell, expressed in units of dBm
Qhyst is the hysteresis for the serving cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in units of
dB.
Qmeas_n is the measured RSRP of the neighboring cell, expressed in units of dBm
CellQoffset is the offset for the neighboring cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in
units of dB
According to the cell reselection criteria, the UE should reselect the new cell only if both the
following conditions are met:
The new cell is ranked higher than the serving cell during the cell reselection time.
More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the serving cell.
During cell reselection, the UE needs to check whether access to that cell is allowed according to
the cellAccessRelatedInfo Information Element (IE) in the SIB1. If the cell is barred, it must be
excluded from the candidate list, and the UE does not consider the cell as a candidate for cell
reselection. If the cell is unsuitable because it is part of the list of forbidden TAs for roaming or it
does not belong to the registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not consider this cell and other
cells on the same frequency as candidates for reselection for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Parameter ID
Description
Qhyst
Indicates the hysteresis to the RSRP of the serving cell used in the
evaluation of cell reselection. The setting of this parameter is
relevant to the slow fading characteristic of the cell. That is, the
greater the variance of slow fading is, the larger the value of the
hysteresis should be. Thus, the edge of the serving cell becomes
larger, and the neighboring cell becomes harder to be selected.
Parameter ID
Description
CellQoffset
Indicates the cell specific offset between the serving cell and
the intra-frequency neighboring cell that is related to
(MOD
triggering of cell reselection. The larger the value of this
EUTRANINTRAFREQNCELL)
parameter is, the less possibly the cell reselection occurs. This
parameter is contained in SIB4.
CellQoffset
(MOD
EUTRANINTERFREQNCELL)
Indicates the cell specific offset between the serving cell and
the inter-frequency neighboring cell that is related to
triggering of cell reselection. The larger the value of this
parameter is, the less possibly the cell reselection occurs. This
parameter is contained in SIB5.
If the highest priority cell is unsuitable because it is part of the list of forbidden TAs for
roaming or it does not belong to the registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not
consider this cell as a candidate for reselection for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Parameter ID
Description
TReselEutran
Parameter ID
Description
ThreshXhigh
Indicates the high priority reselection threshold of the interfrequency EARFCN. It is used to control the difficulty level of the
reselection of the inter-RAT UTRAN cell with the high-priority
EARFCN. The larger the value of this parameter, the more difficult
the reselection is.
Parameter ID
Description
ThreshXhigh
(MOD UTRANNFREQ)
Parameter ID
Description
ThrshServLow
Parameter ID
Description
ThreshXlow
Indicates the low priority reselection threshold of the interfrequency EARFCN. It is used to control the difficulty level of the
reselection of the inter-RAT UTRAN cell with the low-priority
EARFCN. The larger the value of this parameter, the more difficult
the reselection is.
Parameter ID
Description
ThreshXlow
(MOD UTRANNFREQ)
Based on the contents of the System Information (SI) messages, SI is divided into one
Master Information Block (MIB) and 11 System Information Blocks (SIBs). SI messages are
transmitted over the BCCH.
The scheduling period and transport format of the MIB is predefined ,therefore, the UE
receives the MIB on the BCH without obtaining other information on the network.
The SIB1 is transmitted over the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH), the scheduling period
of the SIB1 is 80 ms.
Other SIBs are transmitted over the DL-SCH also, and the scheduling periods can be
separately set. The SIBs with the same scheduling period can be transmitted together.
The MIB is transmitted over the BCH. The scheduling period of the MIB is 40 ms. The first
transmission of the MIB is scheduled in subframe 0 of radio frames for which the SFN mod
4 = 0, and repetitions are scheduled in subframe 0 of the last three radio frames in each
period.
The scheduling period of the SIB1 is fixed to 80 ms. The first transmission of the SIB1 is
scheduled in subframe 5 of radio frames for which the SFN mod 8 = 0, and repetitions are
scheduled in subframe 5 of the later radio frames for which SFN mod 2 = 0 in each period.
Parameter ID
Description
SiMapInd
SibxPeriod(x=2,3,4,5,6,7,8)
After obtaining the SI message properly, the UE does not read the message repeatedly. It
updates the SI message only in the following scenarios:
The modification period of the SI message is N radio frames, and the period starts from
radio frames for which SFN mod n = 0. During the n modification period, the eNodeB
transmits the paging message to inform UEs in RRC_IDLE mode and UEs in
RRC_CONNECTED mode about the SI message change when a paging cycle arrives. When
the n+1 modification period arrives, the eNodeB transmits the updated SI message.
The modification period of the SI message is N radio frames, and the period starts from
radio frames for which SFN mod n = 0. During the n modification period, the eNodeB
transmits the paging message to inform UEs in RRC_IDLE mode and UEs in
RRC_CONNECTED mode about the SI message change when a paging cycle arrives. When
the n+1 modification period arrives, the eNodeB transmits the updated SI message.
where:
ModifyPeriodCoeff is the coefficient of the modification period, indicating the
minimum number of interceptions on the paging messages for the UE in the SI
message modification period.
DefaultPagingCycle is the default paging cycle in the unit of radio frames.
Parameter ID
ModifyPeriodCoeff
(MOD BCCHCFG)
DefaultPagingCycle
(MOD PCCHCFG)
Description
The TA is a concept introduced to the LTE/SAE system for location management of UEs.
The EPC sends paging messages to all eNodeBs in the TA. A TA is identified by a Tracking
Area Identity (TAI), which consists of the MCC, MNC, and Tracking Area Code (TAC).
A UE informs the EPC of its Tracking Area (TA) by TA registration. There are two ways for
the UE TA registration:
Attach/Detach
TA update
When a UE needs to obtain service from a network but is not registered to the network,
the UE performs an Attach procedure for TA registration.
When the UE fails to access the EPC or the EPC does not allow the access of the UE, a
Detach procedure is initiated. After the Detach procedure, the EPC no longer pages the UE.
Parameter ID
Description
TAC
UEs in RRC_IDLE mode use DRX to receive paging messages in order to reduce power consumption.
The eNodeB may have to buffer the paging message until a UEs paging occasion occurs.
The time positions of paging messages are fixed on the Uu interface, which are indicated by the
Paging Frames (PFs) and Paging Occasion (PO) subframes. One PF is one radio frame, which may
contain one or multiple Pos. One PO is a subframe where the Paging Radio Network Temporary
Identifier (P-RNTI) is contained. The PO is transmitted over the PDCCH. UEs read paging messages
over the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) according to the P-RNTI.
The PF number and PO subframe number can be calculated according to the IMSI of the UE, DRX
cycle, and number of PO subframes in a DRX cycle. Frame numbers are stored in the SI related to
the DRX parameters of the UE. When the DRX parameters change, PF number and PO subframe
number change accordingly.
For FDD and TDD, the PO subframe patterns are different, because for TDD mode, some of
the subframes are of uplink.
PO when
i_s=0
PO when
i_s=1
PO when
i_s=2
PO when
i_s=3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Ns
PO when
i_s=0
PO when
i_s=1
PO when
i_s=2
PO when
i_s=3
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Example1:
Example2:
Example3:
Example4:
In each DRX cycle, a UE monitors one P-RNTI transmitted on the PDCCH only in this PO
and reads the paging messages on the PDSCH. Different UEs may have the same PO. If UEs
are paged by the MME in the same PO, the paging records must be combined into the
same paging message in RRC layer . When certain UE-specific paging and group paging
triggered by change of an SI message occur simultaneously, the paging messages must
also be combined in RRC layer .
Parameter ID
Description
DefaultPagingCycle
NB
Parameter description
MO
Parameter Description
ID
EutranIntra CellQoffset Indicates the cell specific offset between the serving cell and the intra-frequency neighboring cell that is related to triggering
FreqNCell
of cell reselection. The larger the value of this parameter is, the less possibly the cell reselection occurs. This parameter is
contained in SIB4. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
CellResel CellReselPrioIndicates the reselection priority of the cells assigned with the same frequency as the serving one. 0 indicates the lowest
rity
priority. The value of this parameter must be determined together with the priorities of other frequencies during the network
planning.
PCCHCfg DefaultPagi Indicates the default paging cycle of the cell, which is also referred to as the default DRX cycle. If the EPC indicates a DRX
ngCycle
cycle, the UE uses the shorter one between the default cycle and the cycle indicated by the EPC. If the EPC does not indicate a
DRX cycle, the cycle specified by this parameter is used and sent to the UE through the system information. For details, see
3GPP TS 36.304.
The larger the value of this parameter is, the more power-efficient the UE is, but the longer the paging response delay is.
BcchCfg ModifyPerio Indicates the modification period coefficient for the BCCH. ModifyPeriod = ModifyPeriodCoeff x defaultPagingCycle, where
dCoeff
ModifyPeriod means the BCCH modification period (unit: radio frame), ModifyPeriodCoeff means the modification period
coefficient for the BCCH, and defaultPagingCycle means the default paging cycle (unit: radio frame).
PCCHCfg NB
Indicates the number of paging occasions (subframes or times of paging) contained in a paging cycle.
For details, see 3GPP TS 36.304.
Cell
PhyCellId Indicates the physical cell ID. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
CellResel PMax
Indicates the maximum TX power of the UE in the cell. If this parameter is not included in the SIB3, the UE uses the maximum
TX power.
CellResel Qhyst
Indicates the hysteresis for the RSRP measurement on the serving cell, which is used during the evaluation of cell reselection.
This parameter must be set on the basis of the slow fading characteristic of the area covered by the cell. That is, the greater
the slow fading variance is, the larger the value of the hysteresis should be. A larger value of the hysteresis results in a bigger
boundary of the serving cell and a higher probability of cell reselection to neighboring cells.
DB0_Q_HYST means 0dB of hysteresis. DB1_Q_HYST means 1dB of hysteresis.
CellSel
Qrxlevmin Indicates the minimum required RX level for the cell to become a candidate during cell selection. This quantity is included in
criteria S and used in the evaluation of cell selection.
CellSel
Qrxlevminof Indicates the offset of the minimum required RX level. The quantity is included in criteria S and used in the evaluation of cell
fset
selection. This parameter is valid only when the cell selection is triggered by periodic searching for high-priority PLMNs.
CellSiMap Sib2Period Indicates the transmission period of SIB2. The SIBs with the same transmission period can be mapped to the same SI.
CellSiMap Sib3Period Indicates the transmission period of SIB3. The SIBs with the same transmission period can be mapped to the same SI.
CellSiMap Sib4Period Indicates the transmission period of SIB4. The SIBs with the same transmission period can be mapped to the same SI.
CellSiMap Sib5Period Indicates the transmission period of SIB5. The SIBs with the same transmission period can be mapped to the same SI.
CellSiMap Sib6Period Indicates the transmission period of SIB6. The SIBs with the same transmission period can be mapped to the same SI.
CellSiMap Sib7Period Indicates the transmission period of SIB7. The SIBs with the same transmission period can be mapped to the same SI.
CellSiMap Sib8Period Indicates the transmission period of SIB8. The SIBs with the same transmission period can be mapped to the same SI.
CellResel SIntraSearch Indicates the measurement triggering threshold for reselection to intra-frequency cells. The step is 2 dB.
The UE starts intra-frequency measurements only when the signal quality in the serving cell is lower than or equal to the value
of this parameter.
CellResel SIntraSearch Indicates whether to configure the measurement triggering threshold of the intra-frequency cell reselection.
CfgInd
When the parameter is set to CFG, the measurement triggering threshold of the intra-frequency cell reselection is configured.
When the parameter is set to NOT_CFG, the measurement triggering threshold of the intra-frequency cell reselection is not
configured.
CellResel SNonIntraSe Indicates the measurement triggering threshold for the reselection of the inter-frequency/inter-RAT cell. The step is 2.
arch
When the reselection priority is higher than the serving frequency of the inter-frequency/inter-RAT, the UE always triggers the
measurement.
If the reselection priority of the inter-frequency is less than or equal to the serving frequency or when the reselection priority
of the inter-RAT is less than the serving frequency, the UE does not trigger the inter-frequency/inter-RAT measurement when
the signal quality of the serving cell is higher than this parameter, and triggers the inter-frequency/inter-RAT measurement
when the signal quality of the serving cell is lower than this parameter.
CellResel SNonIntraSe Indicates whether to configure the measurement triggering threshold of the inter-frequency/inter-RAT cell reselection.
archCfgInd When the parameter is set to CFG, the measurement triggering threshold of the inter-frequency/inter-RAT cell reselection is
configured. When the parameter is set to NOT_CFG, the measurement triggering threshold of the inter-frequency/inter-RAT
cell reselection is not configured.
Parameter description
MO
Parameter Description
ID
RRCConnState T320ForLoad Indicates the length of timer T320 for load balancing. T320 specifies the time period during which the dedicated
Timer
Balance
priorities (used for cell reselection) retain valid. The time period is contained in the RRCConnectionRelease message
that is received by the UE. After T320 expires, the dedicated priorities become invalid.
This timer is started when the UE receives an RRCConnectionRelease message containing the t320 IE.
This timer is stopped when the UE enters the RRC_CONNECTED mode.
RRCConnState T320ForOthe Indicates the length of timer T320 for a reason other than load balancing. T320 specifies the time period during
Timer
r
which the dedicated priorities (used for cell reselection) retain valid. The time period is contained in the
RRCConnectionRelease message that is received by the UE. After T320 expires, the dedicated priorities become
invalid.
This timer is started when the UE receives an RRCConnectionRelease message containing the t320 IE.
This timer is stopped when the UE enters the RRC_CONNECTED mode.
GeranNfreqGroThreshXHigh Indicates the threshold for reselection to a GERAN neighboring cell assigned with the higher priority carrier
up
frequency group. It is used to control the difficulty level of reselection to the GERAN neighboring cell. That is, the
larger the value of this parameter, the more difficult the reselection is. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
Cdma2000Ban ThreshXHigh Indicates the threshold for reselection to a CDMA200 cell assigned with the higher-priority CDMA2000 band class.
dClass
For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
UtranNFreq
ThreshXHigh Indicates the threshold for reselection to a UTRAN cell assigned with the higher-priority ARFCN. It is used to control
the difficulty level of reselection to the UTRAN cell. That is, the larger this value is set, the more difficult the
reselection is. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
EutranInterNFr ThreshXHigh Indicates the threshold for reselection to an inter-frequency cell assigned with the higher-priority EARFCN. It is used
eq
to control the difficulty level of reselection to the inter-frequency cell. That is, the larger the value of this parameter,
the more difficult the reselection is. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
GeranNfreqGroThreshXLow Indicates the threshold for reselection to a GERAN cell assigned with the lower-priority carrier frequency group. It is
up
used to control the difficulty level of the reselection to the GERAN cell. That is, the larger the value of this parameter,
the more difficult the reselection is. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
Cdma2000Ban ThreshXLow Indicates the threshold for reselection to a CDMA2000 cell assigned with the lower-priority CDMA2000 band class.
dClass
For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
UtranNFreq
ThreshXLow Indicates threshold for reselection to a UTRAN cell assigned with the lower-priority ARFCN. It is used to control the
difficulty level of reselection to the UTRAN cell. That is, the larger the value of this parameter, the more difficult the
reselection is. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
EutranInterNFr ThreshXLow Indicates the threshold for reselection to an inter-frequency cell assigned with the lower priority EARFCN. It is used
eq
to control the difficulty level of reselection to the inter-frequency cell. That is, the larger the value of this parameter,
the more difficult the reselection is. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.
CellResel
ThrshServLowIndicates the low priority inter-frequency/inter-RAT reselection threshold of the serving frequency. This parameter is
applied to scenarios of deciding the low priority inter-frequency/inter-RAT reselection of the UE. The condition of this
scenario is: Cells of the same serving frequency and cells of high-priority frequency fail to meet inter-frequency/interRAT reselection criteria. The greater the value is, the less possibly the reselection to the low priority cell occurs.
CellResel
TReselEutran Indicates the cell reselection duration of the E-UTRAN. When the signal quality of the new cell is better than the
serving cell all the time and the UE stays in the current serving cell for more than 1s, the UE is initiating cell
reselection request to the new cell. The smaller the parameter is, the easier the cell reselection from the serving cell
is triggered, and the more possibly that the pingpong reselection occurs. The bigger the parameter is, the more
difficult the cell reselection from the serving cell is triggered, and the less possibly that the pingpong reselection
occurs.
CellReselGeran TReselGeran Indicates the cell reselection duration of GERAN cell reselection. When the signal quality of the serving cell is lower
than the low priority reselection threshold all the time and the signal of the new cell is higher than the low priority
reselection threshold all the time, and the UE stays in the current serving cell for more than 1s, then the UE is
initiating cell reselection request to the new cell. The lower the parameter is, the easier it is for the UE to initiate cell
reselection. However, the Ping-Pong reselection probability is increased. The higher the parameter is, the harder it is
for the UE to initiate cell reselection. The Ping-Pong reselection probability, however, is reduced.
CellReselUtran TReselUtran Indicates the cell reselection duration of UTRAN cell reselection. When the signal quality of the serving cell is lower
than the low priority reselection threshold all the time and the signal of the new cell is higher than the low priority
reselection threshold all the time, and the UE stays in the current serving cell for more than 1s, then the UE is
initiating cell reselection request to the new cell. The lower the parameter is, the easier it is for the UE to initiate cell
reselection. However, the Ping-Pong reselection probability is increased. The higher the parameter is, the harder it is
for the UE to initiate cell reselection. The Ping-Pong reselection probability, however, is reduced.