FORM 5

CHAPTER 5: CHEMICALS FOR CONSUMERS

5.3 Medicine

Medicine
Traditional

Modern

Traditional medicine: derived from natural sources such as

plants and animal without being
processed chemically
Traditional
medicine
Ginseng
Aloe Vera
Mint

uses
To improve the overall health, increasing energy, endurance and
reducing fatigue
Treats itchy skins and burns on the skin
Increase body temperature and make it sweating
As antibiotic, use to treat injured, asthma, flu and reduce high blood
pressure.

Garlic

Quinine

Treating stomach pain, supplying heat energy to keep body warm

and preventing flu attack
Treating malaria and preventing muscle cramps

Cocaine

anesthetic

Ginger

Modern medicine:

- known as chemotherapy
- made in various type like pill, capsule, paste and solution

Modern medicine is classified in 4 categories:

1. ANALGESICS

Relieve moderate pain or sometimes called pain killer

1

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Examples:

Aspirin (acetyl salicylic)

- Pain killer
- Reduce fever
- Treat arthritis (muscle aches)
- Prevent clotting of blood and reduce the risk of heart
attacks and strokes
Paracetamol
- Pain killer
- Reduce fever
- Replace aspirin for children
Codeine
- Relieve minor to moderate pain
- Suppressing cough
- Can cause addiction

2. ANTIBIOTIC

Destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria

Example :

Penicillin
- Treat disease caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia,
gonorrhea and syphilis
Streptomycin
- treating tuberculosis

3. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINE

Treating mental or emotional illness

Psychotherapeutic is divided in 3 groups;
Group

Function

Example

Stimulants

- stimulate(excite) the activity

of brain and central nervous
system
- increasing alertness and
physical abilities to prepare
for demanding or energetic

Amphetamine
Dextroamphetamine
Femetrazin

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activities

Antidepressants

- increase the brains level of

neurotransmitters, thus
improving mood and also
make a person feel calm and
sleepy

Barbiturate
Tranquilizer

Antipsychotic

- treating schizophrenia
(people lose touch with
reality)

Clozapine
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol

4. Hormone and Steroid

Hormone is organic substances that produce by

human endocrine gland to control physiology
process and homeostasis.
Hormone example: Insulin
- treating diabetes

Steroid is natural lipid compound.

Steroid is divided to steroid anabolic and
corticosteroid.
Group

Steroid anabolic

Function

Example

- use to treating AIDS and cancer

Metandrostenolone
(Dianabol)
Testosteronpropionat
(Testex)

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Corticosteroid

- having anti inflammation characteristics

Cortisone
and treating asthma and arthritis
Prednisone
rheumatoid (joint illness)

Side effects of modern medicine

Modern medicines have side effects:
Example;
Type of modern
drug

Side effect

Aspirin
(analgesic)

Bleeding in stomach, allergic reaction, skin rashes and asthmatic

attacks

Penicillin
(antibiotic)

Allergic reactions, coma and rash

Amphetamines
(psychotherapeutic)
(stimulant)

Excitable and talkative, can cause heart attack, anxiety,

sleepiness, aggressive behavior and decrease appetite.

Barbiturate
(psychotherapeutic)
(antidepressant)

Addicted,

Haloperidol
(psikoteraputik)
(antipsychotic)

Sedative (imagination), Increase the weigh, dizzy, giddy,

constipation and active.

Cortisone (Steroid)
(Corticosteroid)

Increase the weigh, high blood pressure, joint illness, muscle

cramps, headache

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