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ISSN 0976 6316(Online), VolumeJOURNAL
5, Issue 9, SeptemberOF
(2014),
pp. 181-189ENGINEERING
IAEME
AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN 0976 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 6316(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189
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IJCIET
IAEME
ABSTRACT
The paper discuss about the designing of bridge column on the basis of maximum Von
Misses Stress and deflection developed on it by applying three different loads. Beside optimum
shape of column the paper also deals with the benefits of fillets and chamfer and it is depicted that
the rectangular cross section column with chamfer as the most suitable shape to design a single
columns pier. The Computational Analysis is done in Ansys 14.0. Concrete materials are employed
for analyzing the structural shape of the column.
Keyword: Column, Von Misses Stress, Deflection, Rectangular Cross Section, Single Columns Pier,
Fillet, Chamfer, Ansys 14.0.
I. INTRODUCTION
Performance of concrete structures during recent earthquakes demonstrated the vulnerability
of columns to structural damage. In particular, it was observed that building and bridge columns
erected prior to 1970's lacked proper seismic design and detailing practices, leading to complete
structural collapse [1]. Till today, there were not much work done in designing of bridge column and
this paper inks about the benefits of different bridge columns cross section along with the affect of
fillet and chamfer at the corner. Selecting the most optimal pier-type depends on site conditions, cost
considerations, superstructure geometry, and aesthetics. The most common pier types are single
column (i.e., "hammerhead"), solid wall type, and bent type (multi-column or pile bent)[2].
II. DESIGNING AND CONSIDERATIONS
For this design example, a single column (hammerhead) pier is chosen. A typical
hammerhead pier is shown in Figure 1 and the Free Body Diagram is shown in Figure 2 which
demonstrates the position and type of load applied on design and the fixed part of it. Computational
Analysis is carried out on different cross section of column to determine the maximum Von Misses
Stress together with minimum Von Misses Stress and maximum Deflection.
181
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
Figure 3 and Table 2 gives the detail on the cross section of columns. In this paper, the height
and volume of the columns are considered to be same for all except the cross- section of the columns
which varies to achieve the calculated volume of 29.63m3.
Table 2: Dimensions of Cross Section of Different Shape Columns
S.No
CROSS SECTION
DIMENSIONS (m)
1
Square
L=2.55
2
Circle
R=1.44
3
Hexahedral
L=1.58
4
Rectangle
L*B=4.72*1.37
5
Straight slot
L /R = 3.25/0.74
IV. COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS
Three cases are studied on the basis of pressure applied on the single columns pier i.e. at
1000Pa, 1500Pa and 2000Pa. Maximum Von Misses Stress, Minimum Von Misses Stress and
Maximum Deflection are computed through computational analysis and compared with each other to
predict the most suitable cross section so as to sustain the weight.
Besides comparing stress and deflection, the distribution of stress on column are also studied
to come up with the conclusion of best cross sectional area of single columns pier.
Figure 4 to Figure 8 picture out the distribution of stress on single columns pier of different
cross-section starting with square then circle followed by hexagonal, rectangle and at last straight
slot.
Figure 4: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Square Cross Section of Column at 1000pa
Figure 5: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Circle Cross Section of Column at 1000Pa
183
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
Figure 6: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Hexagonal Cross Section of Column at 1000Pa
Figure 7: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Rectangle Cross Section of Column at 1000Pa
Figure 8: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Straight Slot Cross Section of Column at 1000Pa
V. COMPARISON OF RESULTS
Table 3, 4 & 5 would depict the details of Von Misses Stress and deflection induced on
different cross-sections of single column pier at different loads. It can be easily measured from the
data that rectangular cross section draws the most suitable design in constructing a bridge.
Even though, the priority goes to the rectangular cross section because of less stress developed and
well distribution of stress, but, we cant ignore to draw our attention to the stress concentrated area at
the corners where the failure occurs. So to resolve the problem- Fillet and Chamfer is studied in this
paper.
184
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
Figure 9: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Rectangular Cross Section of Column at 2000Pa
185
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
Figure 10: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Rectangular Cross Section of Column with Fillet
at 2000Pa
Figure 11: Distribution of Von Misses Stress on Rectangular Cross Section of Column with
Chamfer at 2000Pa
Table 6 evinces the importance of chamfer on the edge of the design to minimize and
disperse the concentrated stress from the corner of the single column pier.
Table 6: Von Misses Stress and Deflection of Rectangular Column at Load 2000Pa
S.No
Type of corner
Maximum VonMinimum VonMaximum
Misses stress (Pa) Misses stress (Pa) Deflection (m)
1
Normal
42942
3.5832
6.93 e-6
2
Fillet@0.5m
34497
2.9713
6.78 e-6
3
Chamfer@0.5m
28259
4.9609
6.33 e-6
The graphs from 1 to 6 evidences the importance of Chamfer on a single column pier by
depicting the rate of change of maximum von misses stress and maximum deflection with respect to
the increment of chamfer length considering 45 degree inclination at different loads i.e. 1000Pa,
1500Pa, 2000Pa.
186
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
187
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print),
ISSN 0976 6316(Online), Volume 5, Issue 9, September (2014), pp. 181-189 IAEME
By seeing the variation in the above graphs, it can be reasoned out, the increase in Chamfer
length avails to minimize the stress and deformation induced in the single column pier.
VII. CONCLUSION
We may therefore conclude the fact that the best designing in detailed picture would be a
Rectangular cross-sectional Column with Chamfer compared to the other various forms described
and hence it would also fulfill the purpose of a rich suitable designing.
REFERENCES
1. RECTANGULAR CONCRETE COLUMNS RETROFITTED BY EXTERNAL
PRESTRESSING FOR SEISMIC SHEAR RESISTANCE by Majid Sadoughi Yarandi, Murat
Saatcioglu and Simon Foo (13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver,
B.C., Canada, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 2720).
2. LRFD Steel Girder Superstructure Design Example - LRFD - Design - Bridge - Structures Federal Highway Administration, published on 9/22/14.
3. LRFD Column Design Example, published on June 2010.
4. LRFD Bridge Design Practice, Ch-5, Concrete Design Theory, published on October 2011.
5. DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND
DUCTILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE COLUMNS by F. A. Zahn , R. Park,
M. J. N. Priestley and H. E. Chapman.
6. A.S Jeyabharathy, Dr.S.Robert Ravi and Dr.G.Prince Arulraj, Finite Element Modeling of
Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joints Retrofitted with GFRP Wrapping, International
Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 60 - 69,
ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316.
7. Priti. A. Patel, Dr. Atul K. Desai and Dr. Jatin A. Desai, Upgradation of Non-Ductile
Reinforced Concrete Beamcolumn Connections using Fibre, International Journal of Civil
Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 241 - 250, ISSN Print:
0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316.
8. Dr. Salim T. Yousif, New Model of CFRP-Confined Circular Concrete Columns: Ann
Approach, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4,
Issue 3, 2013, pp. 98 - 110, ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316.
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