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forced harmonic motion.

mcd

Effects of damping on system response to harmonic loading


Omega n (n) is a system natural frequeny, omega () is a range of forcing
frequencies, zeta () is critical damping ratio and A is the amplitude of the response.

from Theory of Vibration with Applications by


William Thompson pg. 49:

n := 10
:= 0 , .1 .. 50

A ( , , n ) :=

1
2

2
2


1 + 2
n

50

40

A ( .01, , n)
A ( .03, , n)

30

A ( .05, , n)
A ( .10, , n) 20

10

0.5

1.5

2.5

Tablulate amplification for a range of frequency ratios (r=/n) and various damping ratios:
A ( , r) :=

r := .55 , .6 .. 1.1

1
2

1 (r)2 + (2 r)2
r =

A (0.01 , r) =

A (0.03 , r) =

A (0.05 , r) =

0.55

1.434

1.432

1.429

0.6

1.562

1.56

1.556

0.65

1.731

1.728

1.721

0.7

1.96

1.954

1.943

0.75

2.284

2.274

2.253

0.8

2.775

2.753

2.712

0.85

3.597

3.544

3.446

0.9

5.24

5.063

4.757

0.95

10.067

8.854

7.346

50

16.667

10

1.05

9.558

8.312

6.815

1.1

4.736

4.543

4.218

Illustrating a Phase Relationship in a Damped System (TDRPMP)


1.500

Amplitude (normalized)

1.000
0.500
0.000

-0.500
-1.000
-1.500
0

20

40

60

80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Angle
- report

Node 5
Node 20 (lags by 35 degrees)

ASME Section VIII, Division 2, Mandatory Appendix 5 Design Based on Fatigue Analysis
Figure 5-110.1 Design Fatigue Curves for Carbon, Low Alloy, Series 4XX, High Alloy Steels and
High Tensile Steels for Temperatures not exceeding 700F

Fatigue metric.mcd
Markl

0.15 if N > 1.024 10

at N = 1.24e8, f is 01.5
at N = 3125, f is 1.2

1.2 if N < 3125

N 1000 , 3000 .. 10
S ( N) := 1689 N

f ( N) :=

(6.0 N 0.2)

0.2

otherwise
Sallow := 137.9
SA ( N) := f ( N) 1.25 ( 2 Sallow)

1
f ( N)

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Section VIII, VDiv 2 Appx.5


Fatigue Curve Fig.5-110.1(a)
UTS<550 MPa
The ASME fatigue curves show stress as an
amplitude (as do the harmonic results from
CAESAR II). These values are derived from
strains multiplied by the elastic modulus and a
design margin. This allowable stress amplitude,
therefore, is directly comparable to calculated
stress intensity and stress amplitude. These
values are adjusted to include the maximum effect
of mean stress. - ASME VIII - 2 Para. 5-101

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N

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101

102
3
10
4
10
DATA :=
105

106

107
8
10

3999 OM API
1413 OM API

572 OM API

262 OM API

86.2 OM API

86.2 OM API
138 OM API

86.2 OM API

n := DATA 0

The allowable vibration amplitude can be calculated based on


the endurance limit. OM3 (Pre-operational and Initial Startup
Vibration Testing of Nuclear Power Plant Piping Systems)
specifies 68.9 MPa zero to peak as the allowable endurance
limit for carbon steel and specifies that the minimum safety
factor is 1.3 which equates to 53.0 MPa zero to peak. API 618
(Reciprocating Compressors for General Refinery Services)
states that stresses shall be less than 179 MPa peak to peak,
or 89.6 MPa zero to peak, and is normally used with a safety
factor of 2. - Piping Vibration Analysis - a tutorial from the
19th Turbomachinery Symposium

s := DATA 1

OM3 := DATA 2

OM 53.0

API618 := DATA 3

API 44.8

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n, n, N, N, n, n

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s is ASME VIII-2 polished


bar S-N curve (amplitude);
s/2 reflects a safety factor
of 2 on stress or 20 on
number of cycles;

S(N) is Markl's fatigue


calculation for carbon steel

S( N)

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SA( N)
2

SA(N)/2 is expansion
allowable adjusted from
range to amplitude;
OM3 and API618 are
recommended maximum
stress amplitudes

OM3

100

API618

10
10

100

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