Introduction To Ps-Cs Interoperation

Introduction to PS-CS
Interoperation
Issue
01
Date
2012-11-07
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Issue 01 (2012-11-07)
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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Introduction to PS-CS Interoperation
About This Document
About This Document

Change History
Date
Version
Description
Author
2011-12-21
V1.0
Completed the first draft.
He Wei
Key words
Network operation mode, paging coordination, mobile-terminated call, dual transfer mode
(DTM), class-A
Issue 01 (2012-11-07)

ii
Contents
Contents
About This Document .................................................................................................................... ii
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Network Operation Mode................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.1 Network Operation Mode in A/Gb mode ................................................................................................ 1
1.2.2 Network Operation Mode in Iu Mode ..................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Gs Interface ...................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Paging Coordination ......................................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 UE Operation Mode ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1 A/Gb Mode.............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Iu Mode ................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Interoperation Scenario ............................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Interoperation Scenario .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 DTM Mode....................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.3.2 UE DTM Capability ................................................................................................................................ 8
2.3.3 SGSN DTM Capability ........................................................................................................................... 8
A References...................................................................................................................................... 9
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iii
1 Introduction
Introduction
1.1 Overview
In circuit switched (CS)-packet switched (PS) interoperation scenarios, the concepts of
network operation mode, Gs interface, paging coordination, and DTM, as well as their
relationship easily lead to confusion. Knowledge about these concepts and mutual relationship
is essential for analysis on PS-CS interoperation services.
1.2 Network Operation Mode

Network operation mode is broadcast to a user equipment (UE) through system information
and is important for CS-PS interoperation. The UE determines its behavior based on the
network operation mode and its radio access capabilities.
1.2.1 Network Operation Mode in A/Gb mode

Based on the paging mode of PS and CS services and their cooperation relationship, the
GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN)/general packet radio service (GPRS) network
uses the following network operation modes (for details, see 3GPP TS 23.060):
Network operation mode I: The Gs interface is deployed to support the paging

coordination function of the core network. For GPRS-attached UEs, CS paging messages
are delivered over the same paging channel as PS paging messages, either over the
packet common control channel (PCCCH) (if the PCCCH is configured) or over the
common control channel (CCCH). UEs listen to one of the paging channels for reception
of both CS paging and PS paging messages. If a UE is assigned resources on a packet
data channel (PDCH), the network delivers a paging message to the UE over the PDCH.
Network operation mode II: No Gs interface is deployed to support the paging

coordination function of the core network. All paging messages are delivered over the
CCCH. UEs listen to only the CCCH. CS paging message delivery continues on the
CCCH even if the UE has been assigned resources on a PDCH. In this case, the UE
cannot receive CS paging messages unless the base station subsystem (BSS) is
configured with the paging coordination function as described in section 1.4 "Paging
Coordination."
Network operation mode III: No Gs interface is deployed to support the paging

coordination function of the core network. Different from network operation mode I, PS
paging messages are delivered over the PCCCH and CS paging messages over the
CCCH when the PCCCH is configured in network operation mode III. The UE needs to
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1 Introduction
listen to both the paging channel (PCH) and the packet paging channel (PPCH). If the
PCCCH is not configured, paging messages are delivered over the CCCH.
Table 1-1 lists available channels and the paging coordination capability of the core network
in different network operation modes.
Table 1-1 Available channels in different network operation modes (in A/Gb mode)
Circuit Paging Channel
GPRS Paging Channel
CN Paging
Coordination
Packet paging channel
CCCH paging channel
CCCH paging channel
Yes
Packet data channel
Not applicable
II
CCCH paging channel
CCCH paging channel
No
III
CCCH paging channel
No
CCCH paging channel
CCCH paging channel
Mode
1.2.2 Network Operation Mode in Iu Mode

In Iu mode, the network operation mode is divided into two types based on availability of the
Gs interface: network operation mode I and network operation mode II.
Table 1-2 Network configuration in different network operation modes (in Iu mode)
Mode
Network Configuration
Combined Procedure by
Mobile Terminal (MT)
Gs interface is present.
Yes
II
Gs interface is not present.
No
1.3 Gs Interface
The Gs interface is an optional interface that connects the mobile switching center (MSC) and
the SGSN. The Gs interface is used in network operation mode I to support the paging
coordination function of the core network. Through the Gs interface, the SGSN and the
MSC/VLR are associated and the association establishment is initiated by the SGSN. The Gs
interface is established through the combined GPRS/International mobile subscriber identity
(IMSI) attach procedure and combined routing area update (RAU)/location update procedure.
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1 Introduction
Figure 1-1 Combined GPRS/IMSI attach procedure

MS
RAN
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
EIR
new
MSC/VLR
HLR
old
MSC/VLR
1. Attach Request
2. Identification Request
2. Identification Response
3. Identity Request
3. Identity Response
4. Authentication
5. IMEI Check
6. Delete PDP Context Request
6. Delete PDP Context Response
7a. Update Location
7b. Cancel Location
7c. Cancel Location Ack
7d. Delete PDP Context Request
7e. Delete PDP Context Response
7f. Insert Subscriber Data
7g. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
7h. Update Location Ack
8a. Location Update Request
8b. Update Location
8c. Cancel Location
8d. Cancel Location Ack
8e. Insert Subscriber Data
8f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
8g. Update Location Ack
8h. Location Update Accept
C1
9. Attach Accept
10. Attach Complete
11. TMSI Reallocation Complete
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1 Introduction
Figure 1-2 Combined RAU/location update procedure

MS
BSS
SGSN
new
MSC/VLR
HLR
old
MSC/VLR
1. Routeing Area Update Request

2. Security Functions
3. Location Update Request
4a. Update Location
4b. Cancel Location
4c. Cancel Location Ack
4d. Insert Subscriber Data
4e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
4f. Update Location Ack
5. Location Update Accept
6. Routeing Area Update Accept
C1
7. Routeing Area Update Complete
8. TMSI Reallocation Complete
A Gs-based network has the following advantages:
Radio resources are saved.

Theoretically, a routing area (RA) is smaller than a location area (LA). Paging messages
sending to a PS RA involves a smaller number of cells. In this case, paging resources are
substantially saved since cell broadcast and paging messages are the major load in a
RA/LA.
On the other hand, CS attach is performed through PS attach and therefore signaling
overheads are reduced by half. In this case, the entire-network bottleneck is optimized
since the end-to-end (E2E) bottleneck is located on the wireless network.
Signaling overheads in UE attach are reduced by half, which facilitates UE power

consumption.
1.4 Paging Coordination

Paging coordination allows a UE to simultaneously receive CS paging and PS paging
messages when the ME listens to only one paging channel. In network operation mode I, the
Gs interface is deployed to support the paging coordination function of the core network. In
network operation modes II and III, CS paging and PS paging are independently performed in
the core network and the core network does not perform paging coordination.
However, in network operation modes II and III, paging coordination can also be performed
by the BSS (3GPP TS 23.060). To perform paging coordination, the BSC needs to store one
context, which records the service type of the UE, CS or PS. The context is indexed based on
the IMSI because the IMSI is the common identifier of the PS domain and the CS domain. If
the BSS detects that the UE is performing PS services, CS paging messages are delivered over
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1 Introduction
the PS service channel. If the BSS detects that the UE is performing CS services, PS paging
messages are delivered over the dedicated CS service channel.
If the context has not been set up, CS paging messages are delivered over the CCCH and PS
paging messages are delivered over the CCCH or the PCCCH (if the PCCCH is configured).
If BSS paging coordination is activated, the BSS notifies the UE of the paging coordination
information through the system information.
1.5 UE Operation Mode

1.5.1 A/Gb Mode
In A/Gb mode, GPRS UEs are classified into class A, class B, and class C (for details, see
3GPP TS 22.060). A/Gb-mode UEs of class B are commonly used.
Class-A mode of operation: The UE is attached to both PS and CS domain, and the UE
supports simultaneous running of PS and CS domain services.
Class-B mode of operation: The UE is attached to both PS and CS domain, but the UE
can only run one type of services, PS or CS services, at a time.
Class-C mode of operation: The UE is attached to only one domain, PS or CS, at a time.
1.5.2 Iu Mode
An Iu-mode UE operates in one of the following three modes (3GPP TS 23.060):
CS/PS operation mode: The UE is attached to both the PS domain and CS domain, and
the UE is capable of simultaneously signaling with the PS and CS core network domains.
PS operation mode: The UE is attached to the PS domain only and may only run services
of the PS domain.
CS operation mode: The UE is attached to the CS domain only and may only run
services of the CS domain.
All combinations of different operation modes described in A/Gb mode and Iu mode can be
used by UEs which support both GERAN and UTRAN. For example, CS/PS-mode class-B
UEs are commonly used today.
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2 Interoperation Scenario
Interoperation Scenario
2.1 Overview
PS-CS interoperation depends on user subscription, network capabilities, and UE capabilities.
In the GERAN, most UEs (class-B) cannot be attached to both PS and CS domain at the same
time. In the UTRAN, only class-A UEs are supported, indicating that both PS and CS services
can be performed at the same time.
2.2 Interoperation Scenario

According to the preceding description of network operation mode, in the GERAN, class-A
UEs in network operation mode I can receive CS paging messages while performing packet
services; class-B UEs in network operation mode I can also receive CS paging messages
while performing packet services but must suspend packet services until the CS service is
complete.
In network operation mode II, class-B UEs cannot receive CS paging messages while
performing packet services. An exception is that, if the BSS supports paging coordination, the
BSC can deliver paging messages received on the A interface over the PCH and Packet
Associated Control Channel (PACCH) simultaneously even if there is no Gs interface
deployed in network operation mode II.
In the GERAN, class-B UEs do not support concurrent services. If CS services are to be
initiated when PS services are performed, PS services must be immediately suspended
through the Suspend procedure and then be recovered through the Resume procedure after the
CS services are complete. This is because the dedicate mode (DM) (for CS services) has a
higher priority.
In the UTRAN, class-B UEs support concurrent services. When a UE is handed over from the
UTRAN to the GERAN, PS services are suspended because a class-B UE do not support
concurrent services in the GERAN (in non-DTM mode).
Issue 01 (2012-11-07)

Figure 2-1 Suspend and Resume procedure

MS
BSS
SGSN
MSC/VLR
1. Dedicated Mode
2. Suspend
3. Suspend
3. Suspend Ack
4. Resume
4. Resume Ack
5. Channel Release
6. Routeing Area Update Request
2.3 DTM Mode

2.3.1 Overview
DTM is a technology allowing simultaneous operation of voice services and data services in
the GERAN. According to the initial definition of the GPRS protocol, only class-A UEs can
be attached to both the CS domain and PS domain. With the DTM technology, DTM-capable
UEs can simultaneously perform PS services and CS services under the coverage of a
DTM-capable BSC. Therefore, DTM-capable UEs are also known as simple class-A UEs.
With the DTM function, service continuity (for both PS and CS services) in WCDMA-GSM
interoperation becomes possible.
With the BSC DTM function, class-B UEs in network operation mode II can perform
mobile-terminated calls while performing PS services. The BSS paging coordination function
must be activated in DTM mode.
NOTE
For details, see the description in 3GPP TS 43.055. When the establishment of the CS connection is
initiated by the network, the CS paging message may come directly from the MSC or via the SGSN if
the Gs interface is present. The BSS shall be able to verify in both cases if the paged mobile station is in
packet transfer mode and shall send the CS page on the PACCH.
This paging co-ordination can be reused for GPRS mobile stations in mode of operation B, so that
the mobile station does not need to listen to the PCH.
This feature breaks the link between the presence of the Gs interface and the network capability to
perform paging co-ordination. Alignment of 3G TS 23.060 is needed.
If a cell is DTM-capable, the DTM capability is broadcast over the broadcast control channel
(BCCH) or packet broadcast control channel (PBCCH). Huawei BSCs support paging
coordination.
Issue 01 (2012-11-07)

Figure 2-2 CS paging procedure during PS data transmission

MS
BSS
SGSN
MSC
PS session in progress
MT
only
Paging
Packet Paging Request
Paging CS PDU
BSSAP+ Paging Request
Abort PS
session
Channel Request
Immediate Assignment
Dedicated mode (signalling
mode)
Paging Response (MT) or
CM Service Request (MO)
SCCP Connection Request

SCCP Connection Confirm ( )
Classmark Change
Classmark Update
Common ID (IMSI)
DTM Request
Authentication, Security and Call Control Procedures
DTM Assignment Command

Assignment Complete
PS Session
Channel Mode Modify
Assignment Request
Channel Mode Modify Ack.
Assignment Complete
Dedicated mode (speech + signalling)
2.3.2 UE DTM Capability

The DTM capability of a UE is specified in the two information elements (IEs): MS
Classmark 3 and MS Radio Access Capability. DTM-capable UEs, known as simple class A
UEs, also supports DTM in addition to the DM, idle/packet idle mode, and packet transfer
mode (PTM) that are supported by traditional class-B UEs.
2.3.3 SGSN DTM Capability

To support DTM, an SGSN needs to satisfy the following requirements, which are all
supported by Huawei SGSNs.
Stores information about the UE DTM capability.
Delivers IMSIs to a BSC.
Delivers the updated UE radio access capabilities to a BSC.
Supports the Suspend and Resume procedure.
Issue 01 (2012-11-07)

A References
References
[1] 3GPP TS 23.060 "Service description"

[2] 3GPP TS 22.060 "Service description, Stage 1"
[3] 3GPP TS 43.055 "Dual Transfer Mode (DTM)"
Issue 01 (2012-11-07)


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