4th INTERNATIONAL JUNIOR SCIENCE OLYMPIAD

THEORETICAL COMPETITION
December 6, 2007

Solution and Marking Scheme

Grades for numerical values will be given to answers with 10% of the
correct answers.
Problem I
I-1 Ans : kgm-1s-1
Because the unit of FD is kgms-2 (0.3 point), the unit of v is ms-1 (0.2 point), the unit of R is
m (0.1 point), and the unit of C is the same as that of FD / (vR) (0.2 point). Hence the the unit of
C is (kgms-2) / (ms-1m) = kgm-1s-1 (0.2 point).
I-2 Ans :

4R 2 g
= 2.210-3 ms-1
3C

Let the terminal velocity and the mass of the dust particle be vs and m. When the particle
reaches the terminal velocity, the drag force is balanced by the weight of the particle. Therefore,
CvsR = mg (buoyant force).
Because m

4R 3
4R 3
(0.3 point) and (buoyant force) = air
g , we obtain CvsR =
3
3

4R 3
4R 3
( air ) g
g (0.6 point).
3
3

Therefore, vs = ( air ) g

4R 2 4R 2 g

(0.2 point), whose numerical value is 2.210-3

3C
3C

ms-1 (0.4 point).

Note that the corresponding Reynolds number Re

air v s R 1.2 2.2 10 3 3 10 6

1 ,

1.81 10 5

therefore, FD = CvR is valid.

I-3 Ans: 210-6 ms-1
The terminal velocity of protein molecules is the slope of the line (0.5 point) shown in Fig.I-3.
By taking two points whose separation in time is 1000 s, we find vs = 0.2 cm / 1000 s = 210-6 ms-1
(0.5 point).
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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

I-4 Ans : 0.5 point for force diagram.
m

Cv s R
5

g e (1 water ) = 5.310 u

Force Diagram
Inertial system:
The drag force and buoyant force provide the centripetal force
drag force
protein
buoyant force

or non-inertial system (centripetal acceleration system):

The drag force and buoyant force balance the centrifugal force

drag force
protein

centrifugal force

buoyant force

Detailed marking scheme for the force diagram

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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

Let ge = 105 g and the mass of the protein molecule be m. In the direction of the centripetal
acceleration, the molecule experiences a weight mge and buoyant force = water
(0.6 point).
Therefore, from the force balance condition, one obtains CvsR = mg e (1
CvsR = mge is written out, it is 0.2 point.) and hence

numerical values is

4R 3
g e water mg e
3

water
) , (0.4 point, if

Cv s R

g e (1 water ) (0.5 point), whose

Cv s R
4 10 5 2 10 6 2.5 10 6

= 8.810-22 kg = 5.3105
103
g e (1 water )
9.8 105 (1
)

1.3 10 3

u (0.5 point).
I-5 Ans : I-5-A : QD < QE < 0 <QF
I-5-B : 1 F, 2 N, 3 E, 4 D.
I-5-C : d2/t0
I-5-A
Since pIs of D and E are less than 8.3, they carry negative charges (0.4 point). Since Es pI is
closer to 8.3, the magnitude of its negative charge is smaller (0.4 point).
For F, its pI is greater than 8.3, therefore, F carries positive charge (0.2 point). Therefore, we
obtain QD < QE < 0 < QF. (0.2 point)
I-5-B
In the frame of the solution, neutral particles do not move, positive charges move to the left
and negative charges move to the right. Since there are two negative charges and one positive
charge, we can identify 1 F, 2 N, (0.7 point) 3, 4 E, D.
To tell D from E, one must consider the force balance condition : CvsR = Fe, where Fe is the
electric force that acts on the molecule and vs is the velocity relative to N. Now because
Q
4R 3
and D and E have the same , therefore, one has v s (0.7 point).
R
3
D
E
v

v
Since RE>RD (0.3 point) and |QD | > | QE |, we have s
s . Hence one can mark the drops as

1 F, 2 N, 3 E, 4 D (0.3 point).
I-5-C

Since 2 is N, its velocity represents the velocity of the flow. The average velocity is then d2/t0
(0.8 point).

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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

Problem II
Note: For all calculations, 0.1 point each is given to all the correct numerical answers. The
remaining point goes to the correct calculation formula.
For example: For a sub-question of 0.4 point in total, 0.1 point is given to the correct numerical
answer and 0.3 point goes to the correct calculation formula.
II-1 (0.7 point)
6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) or
6 CO2(g) + 12 H2O(l) C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
Correct reactants & products

(0.3 point)

Correct coefficients

(0.4 point)

II-2 (2.2 points)

mol CO2 = 370/44 = 8.41 (0.4 point in total; 0.1 point to the correct numerical answer and
0.3 point for the correct calculation formula)
mol glucose produced per year = 8.41/6 = 1.40 (0.5 point)
mol glucose produced per second = 1.40/(365 24 3600) = 4.43 10-8 (0.5 point)
Energy required to produce the glucose = 4.43 10-8 2800 = 1.24 10-4 kJ (0.4 point)
Percentage = (1.24 10-4 kJ) / (1 kJ) = 0.0124 % (0.4 point) or answer in one equation :
370
2800 1.24 10 4 kJ
365 24 3600 44 6

II-3 (1.7 points)

Energy to lift the object = 60 1000 9.8 = 588000 J = 588 kJ (0.4 point)
Energy required to climb the mountain = 588 5 = 2940 kJ

(0.4 point)

Energy supplied by glucose metabolism = 2940/0.7 = 4200 kJ

(0.4 point)

Mass of glucose metabolized = (4200/2800) 180 = 270 g

(0.5 point)

Or answer in one equation :

Mass of glucose =

60 1000 9.8 5 / 0.7

180 = 270 g
2800

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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

II-4 (0.6 point)

4 KO2(s) + 2 CO2(g) 2 K2CO3(g) + 3 O2(g)
II-5 (1.7 points)
From the ideal gas law PV = nRT,
30.0
1 n 0.082 ( 273.15 37) , n = 1.55 10-3 mol (1.0 point)
760

Mass of CO2 = 1.55 10-3 44 = 0.068 g

(0.7 point)

II-6 (1.7 points)

mol CO2 exhaled per hour = 1.55 10-3 400 = 0.62 (0.6 point)
mol O2 produced per hour = 0.62 (3/2) = 0.93

(0.6 point)

mass O2 = 0.93 32 = 29.8 g

(0.5 point)

or answer in one equation : mass O2 = 1.55 10 3

3
32 29.8 g
2

II-7 (0.7 point)

CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
II-8 (0.7point)
Number of electron in C, H, and O are 6, 1, and 8, respectively. (0.3 point)
Total number of electrons = 6 6 + 1 12 + 8 6 = 96

(0.4 point)

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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

Problem III
Table III-1
1: increased
5: respiration
9: K+

2: decreased
6: transpiration
10: HCO3-

3: remained the same

7: O2
11: OH-

4: photosynthesis
8: CO2
12: H+

III-1-A (each answer 0.3 point; total 1.8 points)

He placed the flask 30 cm from a 60 W tungsten lamp and turned on the lamp for 3 hours . During
the 3 hours, he found the pH value of the solution in the flask a . The reason is that the leaves largely
carried out the process of b , which consumed c , and caused the ions of d and e in the
solution to have f .
Answer:

a: 1;

b: 4;

c: 8;

d: 10 (12);

e: 12 (10);

f: 2

III-1-B (each answer 0.3 point; total 1.8 points)

He turned off the lamp and left the flask in the dark for 3 hours. During the 3 hours, he found the
pH value of the solution in the flask a . The reason is that the leaves underwent the process of b ,
which released c , and caused the ions of d and e in the solution to have f .
Answer:

a: 2;

b: 5;

c: 8;

d: 10 (12);

e: 12 (10);

f: 1

III-1-C (each answer 0.3 point; total 0.6 point)

He changed the solution of KHCO3 to 20 cm3 of 5mM NaOH, replaced the leaves with fresh ones,
resealed the flask, and then turned on the lamp for 3 hours. During the 3 hours, he found that first the
process of a__ in leaves decreased, and then the process of b in leaves decreased.
Answer:

a: 4;

b: 5

III-2 Homeostasis of blood sugar

Table III-2
1. thyroxin
2. insulin
3. adrenaline
4. glucagon
5. growth hormone
6. cortisol
Table III-3
a. blood sugar absorbed by liver cells
b.
blood sugar absorbed by pancreatic cells
c.
product of glycogen decomposition released into blood
d.
digested foods absorbed in intestine coming into blood
e. blood sugar excreted into urine

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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

III-2-A (0.3 point)

Which one of the statements in Table III-3 explains why the blood sugar concentration of Mr. Chen
increased during the phase 1 after supper?
Answer: d
Digested foods absorbed by small intestine into blood makes the blood sugar increase.
III-2-B
III-2-B-a (0.3 point)
Which statement in Table III-3 explains the decreasing trend in Mr. Chens blood sugar
concentration during the phase 2?
Answer: a
III-2-B-b (0.3 point)
Which one of the hormones in Table III-2 controls this phenomenon?
Answer: 2
When blood sugar exceed, insulin is secreted and acts to lower blood sugar concentration
through liver taking up glucose and storing it as glycogen.
III-2-C (0.3 point)
Answer: (c)
Blood sugar in the health after phase 3 can maintain at a stable normal concentration
range as shown in Fig. (c).
III-2-D-a (0.3 point)
Which one of the hormones in Table III-2 is the most possible candidate to regulate the blood
sugar concentration of Mr. Chen after phase 3 (as described in question III-2-C)?
Answer: 4
III-2-D-b (0.3 point)
Which one of the statements in Table III-3 is related to blood sugar concentration present after
phase 3 (as described in question III-2-C)?
Answer: c
The source of blood sugar is not from alimentary tract absorption after the phase 3.
Glucose, from decomposed glycogen through glucagon effect in liver cells, releases into
blood to make blood sugar maintaining at normal concentration ranges.

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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

III-2-E (0.6 point)

Mr. Wang is a mild diabetic patient. He also has his suppers with hospital regular meal at 6:00 pm
and fasts afterwards for blood test. Please predict the change of blood sugar concentration of Mr.
Wang during 8 hours period after supper. For comparison, please plot the curve of blood sugar
concentration change for Mr. Wang on Figure III-2.
Answer:
PhasePhase
1
2

Phase
3

blood
sugar
conc.

Hours (after supper)

1. Blood sugar concentrations of diabetic patients are higher than that of normal persons. The
curve of Mr. Wangs blood sugar concentrations during the period of all 3 phases must be
plotted above Mr. Chens original curve in Figure III-2 (0.3 points).
After the peak, showing the slop of Mr. Wangs curve being smaller than that of Mr. Chens
one during the same period will get 0.3 points.
2. If Mr. Wangs blood sugar concentrations plotted with straight line or plotted curve under or
cross over with Mr. Chens curve will be counted 0 point.

III-2-F.
A test has determined that Mr. Wangs urine contains glucose. Trace the pathway of a urine glucose
molecule, which is first absorbed by small intestine, then travels through the cardiovascular and
urinary systems, and, finally is excreted in urine. In the following passage please fill in each blanks
with the number of the appropriate term (terms numbered 114 in Table III-4). (each answer 0.2
point, total 2.4 points)

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Theoretical Competition, 4th IJSO, Taipei, Taiwan, December 6, 2007

Table III-4
1. pulmonary artery
2. pulmonary vein
3. left atrium
4. right atrium
5. left ventricle
6. right ventricle
7. hepatic artery
8. hepatic vein
9. hepatic portal vein
10. renal artery
11. renal vein
12. urethra
13. ureter
14. bladder

A blood glucose molecule, absorbed by the villi of the

small intestine, is carried by the a (9) to the liver,
transferred through the b (8) into the inferior vena cava,
and flows into the c (4) of the heart. Then, the blood is
pumped by the d (6) to leave heart, flows into a e (1) to
delivery the blood into the lungs, and flows back to the
heart through a f (2). Passing through the g (3) and the h
(5), the blood is pumped out of the heart and flows into the
aorta. When the blood flows into the kidney through a i
(10), the blood glucose is filtrated into the kidney. Urine
containing glucose not reabsorbed by the kidneys is sent
via an j (13) into the k (14) for storage. Finally, the
glucose molecule in urine is excreted through the l (12).

III-3 Pests in the rice field

III-3-A (0.4 point)
By examining the data shown in Fig.III-3, which year was the first year for applying X-pesticide?
Answer: 2003. The number of pests in 2003 was smallest.
III-3-B (0.3 point)
Which one of the following statements matches Ms. Tus conclusion?
Answer: (b).
III-3-C (0.3 point)
Based on the study of Ms. Tu, to prolong effectiveness of X-pesticide, which of the following
suggestions is the best?
Answer: (d)
Alternating application of X-pesticide with another pesticide each year could decrease
the formation of pesticide-resistant lines.

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