Académique Documents
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PIMA CQLINTY
JENNIFER RAWSON, a qualified elector
and taxpayer of Pima County and Arizona
Congressional District 2,
Plaintiff,
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No.2014-5865
IESPONSB OF INTERVENOR.
DEFENDANT RON BARBER AND RON
I}ARBBR FOR CONGRESS TO
PLAINTIFF'S AI'I'LICATION FOR
TEMPORAIIY IIESTRAINING ORDER
Defendants,
for
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temporary restraining order. Plaintil'f sirnply cannot satisfy ny of tl-re four "traditional equitable
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criteria" required to obtain this extraordinary relief, especially here whete such relief would:
interfere with the statutory duties and discretion of the Pima County Director of Elections, and (2)
more importantly, would improperly elevate what are, at most, technical requirements placed on
election day poll workers over the true "object of elections" under Arizona l1-((6 ascertain a
252-53, 12 P . 130, 732 (1557). As a result, and detailed further below, Plaintiff s request for a
TRO, and indeed, her request for special action relief in its entirety, must be denied.
Cnly.,2 ti2.248,
Factual Background
is an extremely close
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Congressional election. At last check, the unofficial margin between Republican Martha McSally
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I Provisional ballot
and incumbent Democratic Congressman Ron Barber was 341 votes.
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verification by the Pima County Recorder (the "Recorder") has ended, and the Pima County
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Director of Elections (the "Director") will begin counting those ballots (and others) today.
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On November 8, 2074, the Republican Party l}y'rartha Mcsally for Congress campaign
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("McSally") lodged a "challenge" with the Recorder requesting that she cease the process of
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verifying provisional ballots which bear the signature of the voter, but do not also have
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signature of a poll worker on the provisional ballot envelope.2 The Campaign unclerstands that
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provisional ballot envelopes in most precincts, but most notably, Pima County precincts 53,57,
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58,80 100,113,and216.
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In a series of emails with Mcsally's counsel, the Recorder indicated that her oflice would
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not stop the verification process as to this category of provisional ballots.3 The filing of the
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of
rizona Secretary
complaint for special action and request for TRO in this case followed.
Argumcnt
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Just one day after voters all over Arizonawent to the polls, and when confronted with the
reality of another close election in Arizona's Second Congressional District, Martha McSally
issued a statement explaining that "while the democratic process can be slower than we want at
times, it's critical to make sure all Arizonans have their voices heard," and that her carnpaign
"intendfed] to make sure that every vote is counted."4 But the f,rling of this actiou (by McSally's
campaign counsel, no less) evidences that Plaintiff is among Mcsally's supporters who do not
agree. Plaintiff seeks to invalidate potentially several hundred on which poll workers, for
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whatever reason, did not sign provisional ballot envelopes. This, at best, is the very definition of
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only to punish voters, who otherwise complied with all election law and voting requirements, for
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make. But more fundamentally, it is not an error at all because the signing
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Plaintiff cannot demonstrate that he is entitled to a TRO that would prevent Pima County
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from verifying and counting the ballots in question. A party seeking a TRO-like one seeking a
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1)
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A strong likelihood
that he
will
merits;
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2)
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Bill
Hess , Slow
availqble at httu://www.
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3)
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Shoenv. Shoen,16l riz.58, 63, 804 P.2d 787,792 (Ct. App. 1990) (citations omitted). A court
applying this standard may apply a "sliding scale," under which "the moving pafty may establish
either 1) probable success on the merits and the possibility of irreparable injury; or 2) the
presence
Smithv. Ariz. Citizens Clean Elections Comm'n,212 Ari2.407,410-11 T 10, l32P3d lIB7,
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of serious questions and [that] 'the balance of hardships tip[s] sharply"' in its favor.
A.
Plaintiff cannot (and will not) succeed at a trial on the merits of this action because his
claim will fail as a matter of law for at least four separate reasons.
First, it is clear from the plain language of the controlling statute governing the handling,
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would not work to invalidate a voter's otherwise-clear expression of her intent. See Bither
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Country Mut. Ins. Co.,226 Ariz. 198, 200 T 8,245 P.3d 883, 885 (App. 2010) ("The best
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indication of legislative intent is the plain language of the statute.") (citation omitted). Indeed, all
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that the slatute contemplates is that the provisional ballot, once voted, be placed into an envelope
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if
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v.
ballots are conf,rrmed for counting, the county recorder shall use the
information supplied on the provisional ballot envelope to correct
the address record ofthe voter.
A.R.S. $ 16-584(D) (emphasis added). And, in the absence of eitl-rer a statutory requirement or
statutory disqualification of a ballot on these grounds, it is not the role of the judiciary to create
them.
reluctant to deprive a successful candidate of the fruits of an election unless such penalty is
Cf
is
of State's
Elections Manual (the "Manual"),s which describes the process of handling provisional ballots:
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"'lhe voter and the election official sign the provisional ballot form" See Manual aI
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Although the Manual does contain this language, it is not cast in a mandatory form. But even if
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it were, it would be trumped by a later provision of the Manual, which provides that provisional
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ballots "shttll be counteil'if: (1) "the registration of the voter is verified and the voter is eligible
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to vote in the precinct, and' (2) "the voter's signature does not appear on any on any other
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election."
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envelope is sufficient if the voter signs it and if the signature matches the signature on the voter's
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registration
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it is not), it
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particularly considering Arizona's policy under which votes are counted absent a substantive
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irregularity. At worst, there is an internal inconsistency between two provisions of the Manual
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and the authorizing statute, which must be resolved in favor of the statute and the provision of the
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,Se
152.
and' (3) "there is no record that the voter voted early for that
Manual at 185 (emphasis added). And, the affidavit on the provisional ballot
. Id. at 162. Thus, even if the language relied on by Plaintiff were mandatory
cannot supersede the statute (A.R.S.
(which
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As a result, the signature of a poll worker (or lack thereof) has notlting to do witli the
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validity of a provisional ballot when the scheme prescribed by the Manual is considered in its
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Se e
http
ll
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Voting
ystern/manual.
entirety (as it must). Grant v. Bd. of Regents of Universities & State Colleges of Ariz., 133 Ariz.
527, 529, 652 P.2d 1374, 1376 (I9SZ) ("statutory construction requires that the provisions of
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statute be read and construed in context with the related provisions and in light of its place in the
statutory scheme"). Above all, the Manual says nothing about the disqualification of provisional
ballots that lack the signature of a poll worker on the envelope, which is hardly surprising given
that
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technical compliance with the Manual-"is the question of primary importance." White v. De
Arman, 89 Ariz. 327, 328, 362 P.2d 122, 122 (1961) (citation omitted)
"'in
counting the ballots, the determination of the intent of the vs[s1"-11t a poll worker's
Third, to the extent that Arizona law requires that poll workers sign provisional ballot
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envelopes, their failure to do so is a technicality that cannot work to deprive a voter of the
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opportunity to make their voice heard, and the candidates for whom they voted the benefit of their
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("It is the object of elections to ascertain a free expression of the will of the voters, and no mere
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irregularity can be considered, unless it be shown that the result has been affected by
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or mere omissions on the part of the election offrcers, or irregularities in directory matters, even
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though gross,
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render it uncedain.").
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Importantly, the most recent Atizona authority on point makes clear that votes and
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be voided only in the case of "substantive irregulaties," hardly the case presented
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elections
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here. Miller v. Picacho Peak School District, 179 Ariz. 178,877 P.2d277 (1994). In Miller,
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voters in a school district contested the results of a budget override election because school
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district employees had been "closely involved with the distribution and collection of
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ballots,"
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[absentee]
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employees had violated the express terms of a "non-technical statute," that the absentee ballots in
in violation of A.R.S.
absentee
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question affected the outcome of the election, and that as a result, the election had to be set aside,
Id. at 180, 817 P.2d at 219. The Court discussed its holding in detail as follows:
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irregulariti.es.
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Id. (emphases added). And explaining the command of earlier Arizona cases, the Court explained
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fE]lection statutes are mandatory, not 'advisory,' or else they would
not be law at all. If a statute expressly provides that non-compliance
invalidates the vote, then the vote is invalid. If the statute does not
hve such provision, non-complisnce nxfly or may not invulidate
the vote depending on its effect. In the context of this case, "affect
the result, or at least render it uncertaifl,". . , means bllots
procured in violation of non-technical sttute in sufficient
numbers to alter the outcome of the election.
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and neither A.R.S. $ 16-584(D) nor the Manual provide for the invalidation of provisional ballots
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not signed by a poll worker. This is hardly the sort of "substantive irregularit[y]" Miller
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valid ballot.
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invalidation of the provisional ballots at issue here (which it does not and cannot), the Manual
would be void as a matter of administrative law. Though the Manual is a binding adrninistrative
rule, A.R.S . 16-452, but like all other rules, it "should not be inconsistent with or contrary to the
provisions of a statute, particularly the statute it seeks to effectuate." Ferguson v. Arizona Dep't
of Econ. Sec., 722 Ariz. 290,292, 594 P.2d 544,546 (App. 1979). To construe this section of the
Manual as requiring the disqualification of ballots based on an honest and innocent poll worker
error when no disqualification mandate is set forth in the authorizing statute (A.R.S. $ l6-584(D))
would be inconsistent with the statutory scheme, and undermine a strong Arizona policy of
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B.
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will
at
is Not Granted.
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also cannot establish that he would sustain irreparable harm absent the entry of a TRO.
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provisional ballots at issue here are counted and ultimately affect the outcome of the election,
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Plaintiff clearly has a statutory remedy through an election contest brought pursuant to A.R.S.
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16-672. That statute clearly provides that any elector may contest the election of any person
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"declared elected to a state offrce" for, among other things, the counting of "illegal votes." A.R.S,
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plovided Plaintiff with an adequate remedy at law that is not yet ripe, he
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the
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In weighing the balance of hardships, there is no doubt thal a TRO preventing elections
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officials from oounting the disputed provisional ballots would harm the Carnpaign and those who
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potentially cast ballots in Congressman Barber's favor. Among other things, granting Plaintiff his
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requested relief rnay ultimately deny the Campaign its right to an automatic recount. This could
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occur
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candidates to greater than one-tenth of one percent, the trigger for such a recount under Arizona
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not counting the disputed provisional ballots would bring the spread between
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the
law.
,See
A.R.S. $ 16-661. In contrast, the Plaintiff and his efforts to invalidate those ballots
D.
Above all, the public interest does not favor punishing voters for a mistake they did not
counted consistent with the constitutional significance of the act of participation in the political
fundamental significance under our constitutional structure.") (citation and internal quotation
(It
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country than that of having a voice in the election of those who make the laws under which,
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undermined."). The Court should not interfere with the process of counting all valid ballots and
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permitting elections officials to fulfill their statutory duties to perform a full canvass of the votes
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as
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the Campaign respectfully request that the Court
Plaintifls
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deny
PEIIKINS COIE
nt,
By:
Paul F. Eckstein
Daniel C. Barr
Kirstin T. Eidenbach
D. Andrew Gaona
Alexis E. Danneman
2901 Norlh Central Avenue, Suite 2000
Phoenix, Arizona 85012-27 88
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Attorneys
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- q()S<
Eric Spencer
Brett Johnson
Snell & Wilmer LLP
One Arizona Center
Phoenix, Arizona 8 5 00 4 -2202
spencer@swlaw.com
bwjohnson@swlaw.com
Attorney /'or P lainti./f
Daniel Jurkowitz
Pima County Attorney's Offtce Civil Div
32 N. Stone #2100
fucson, AZ 85701
Daniel. Jurk owitz@pcao.pima. gov
At torney .for County Defendants
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EXHIBIT A
From:
Sent:
To:
D.
Cc
Subject:
Eric,
I believe we have already answered you on this
matterfully. I believe the emails crossed that Mr. Roads sent and then
attorneys that are here representing both candidates the below report verbally on our
Ann Rodriguez
Pima County Recorder
F.
Mr. Roads,
Furthermore, if the recorder's objection is based on a lack of personnel to conductthe inspection, the campaign
requests that addtional political party observers, from both political parties, be allowed to assist in the
review/collection efforts (strictly for this limited purpose) in order to facilitate a more efficient review. I am willing to
coordinate with Mr. Ganoa regarding the same.
Very truly yours,
Eric Spencer
Office: 602.382.6573
espencer@swlaw.com www.swlaw.com/eric_spencer
$n:li
,\iilntut
Denver, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Los Cabos, Orange County, Phoenix, Reno, Salt Lake City, Tucson
Importance:
High
Mr. Roads,
Thank you for your response. However, I do not believe that your response directly addressed the issues raised in our
cha llenge.
First, I would like to clarify the response time horizon. The campaign merely asked for confirmation within 30 minutes
that the recorder's office and elections department intended to implement the requested protective measures. The
campaign certainly did not expect the identification, collection and embargo process to be completed within 30 minutes
Second, the campaign dd not request that a// provisional ballot processng cease altogether, s your response appears
to assume. With respect to the recorder's office, the campaign requested:
1.
2.
That any/ulure provisional ballot found with a missing signature be rejected as unverified, and set aside pending
a legal review. This universe could end up being quite small.
That the recorder's office, n conjunction with political party observers, conduct a review of previously-verified
provisional ballots before those ballots are transmitted to the elections department.
This strikes me as a very reasonable and limited request that will not impede your office's statutory processing
deadlines. Once the ballots in question are segregated, which again - could be a quite limited universe - the parties can
make a final legal determination.
To confirm, the campaign is not requesting
ln light of these clarifications, and in order to preclude the parties from having to unnecessarily seek special action relief
in Superior Court, please confirm whether the recorder's will implement these targeted protectve measures,,
Very truly yours,
Eric Spencer
Erc H. Spencer
2
Snrll
\ilrnt
Denver, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Los Cabos, Orange County, Phoenix, Reno, Salt Lake City, Tucson
Mr. Spencer,
ln response to your challenge, the Pima County Recorder's Office will not stop processing the provisional
than reasonable.
Both candidates have attorneys on site in our office observing our processes and tracking the work we are doing
Chris Roads
Chief Deputy Recorder/Registrar of Voters
Pima County Recorder's Office
From : Spencer, Eric Imailto: espencer@swlaw.com]
Sent: Sunday, November 9,20L4 9:47 AM
To: F. Ann Rodriguez; brad.nefson@rpima.qov
Importance:
High
Page 152 of the Secretary of State's Election Procedures Manual states that, priorto voting a provisional ballot: "An
election official or voter completes a provisional ballot form. The voter and the election official sien the provisional
ballot form."
After voting the ballot, "[t]he voter will return the sealed envelope to the election official, who will verify the envelope
properly filled out, signed and sealed." /d.
The recorder's office instruct staff to not verify any provisional ballots with a missing election official signature
on the provisional ballot form;
The recorder's office cease transmitting any prevously-verified provisional ballots to the elections department,
pending a review of the provisional ballot forms for missing election official signatures;
The elections department cease processing any provisional ballots ortransmtting any provisional ballots for
counting, pending a review of the provisional ballot forms for missing election official signatures; and
The recorder's office and elections department collect and embargo any provisional ballots that contain a
provisional ballot form with missing election official signatures, pending a final legal review and determination in
conjunction with the County Attorney's office.
Given the exigency of ths matter, please confirm by 1-0:L5 a.m. that the recorder's office and elections department will
immediately implement these prophylactic procedures.
Very truly yours,
Eric Spencer
Eric H. Spencer
Office: 602.382.6573
espencer@swlaw.com www.swlaw.com/eric-spencer
tnsll c\Siilnrr
Denver, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Los Cabos, Orange County, Phoenix, Reno, Salt Lake City, Tucson