KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

abdicate : throne :: resign : office

abdicate constitute
abdicate assume

abacus

n.

abdicate usurp

abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh

abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate

aberrant

abacus : calculated :: balance : weighed

: straying from the right or normal way

adj. / : ATYPICAL

: deviating from the usual or natural type

abandon n.

aberration : course :: digression : theme

: a complete surrender of inhibitions

aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic

abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope(#)

aberrant typical/normal

abandon : inhibition :: tranquility : agitation(#)

abandon : inhibition :: volubility: terseness(#)

abet

v. /

: to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose

abase

v. (,) : DEGRADE

abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance

: to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem

abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity

abase : stature :: lower : height

abet thwart/impede

abase : prestige :: damp : ardor

stymie abet

curtail : duration :: abase : strength

frustrate abet

abase : status :: shorten : length

abet obstruct

abase extol

forestall abet

abash

abeyance

v. : DISCONCERT

n. [] : SUSPENSION

: to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of

: temporary inactivity

unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded :

abeyance continuance

announcement(#)
embolden abash/faze/cow

abhor

v. : LOATHE

: to regard with extreme repugnance

abate

v. [] : MODERATE

: to reduce in degree, amount or intensity

abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness

abhor greatly admire

abate : tax :: alleviate : distress

abate : degree :: discount : price

abiding

abate : force :: fade : loudness

: lasting for a long time

abate : force :: decelerate : speed

abiding evanescent

abate : force :: shrink : size

abiding ephemeral

abate : force :: attenuate : thickness

abiding transient

abate : intensity :: taper : width

miscreant law-abiding individual

adj. : ENDURING, CONTINUING

abate : intensity :: fade : loudness

abate : intensity :: abate : tax

abject

thin : density/intensity :: abate : length

: cast down in spirit

abate intensify/promote

abject exultant

abate increase in intensity

abject spirited

abate augment

abject exciting

abbreviate

v. /

abjure

adj. / : SERVILE, SPIRITLESS

v. ,

: to make briefer; especially : to reduce to a shorter

: to renounce upon oath

form intended to stand for the whole

: to reject solemnly

abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay

abjure : reject :: ??

abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay

abjure embrace/espouse/affirm

abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative

abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article

abnegate

abbreviation : word :: synopsis : article

RELINQUISH

abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness

: to give up (rights or a claim, for example)

abridge : word :: abbreviate : letter

abnegate reaffirm

v. (,) : SURRENDER,

abbreviate extend
abolitionism
abdicate

v.

n.

: principles or measures fostering abolition especially of slavery

: to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function

anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery

recant : belief :: abdicate : throne

abolition persistence in slavery

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

absolve inculpate
abominate

v.

: to detest thoroughly

absorb

abominate esteem

: to engage or engross wholly

v.

absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk

aboveboard

adj.

: in a straightforward manner

abstain

surreptitious barefaced/aboveboard

: to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial

chicanery aboveboard action

from an action or practice

v.

mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain

abrasion

n. /

: a wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by friction

abstemious

abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration

: marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or

abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat

alcohol

scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization

abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate

lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage

abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control

abrade augment

reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge

adj.

abstinent indulging/intemperate/gluttonous
abridge

v. : CONDENSE

sense

abstinence
n.
: abstention from alcoholic beverages

abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay

abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity

: to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of

abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article

abridge : length :: attenuatethickness

abstract

abridge : length :: abase : prestige

: EPITOMIZE

adj/v/n. //

abridge extend in length

: having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial

abridge amplify

representation or narrative content

protract abridge

: to draw away the attention of

abrogate

abstraction attention

abstract elaborate
v. () : ANNUL

: to abolish by authoritative action

abrogate uphold

abstruse

abrogate embrace/institute

: difficult to comprehend

adj. : RECONDITE

abstrusecomprehension :: indiscerniblevision
abscission

n. : REMOVAL

: the act or process of cutting off

abstruse accessible/patent
abstruse manifest

abscission process of grafting

abuse
abscond

v.

n/v. () : REVILE

: to attack in words

: to depart secretly and hide oneself

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery

abscond : depart :: pilfer/sneak : take

polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive

abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen

declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse

abscond : depart :: shadow : follow

abscond : depart :: secrete : store

abut

follow : shadow :: leave : abscond

: to touch along a border or with a projecting part

v.

abscond : depart :: lurk : wait

contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide

lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate

lurk : wait :: abscond : depart

abysmal

abscond : leave :: steal : take

: having immense or fathomless extension downward,

adj. //

backward, or inward
absolute

adj.

: immeasurably great

: unqualified in extent or degree

: immeasurably low or wretched

absolute qualified

stygian : dark :: abysmal : low

absolve

accede

v. /

v.

: to set free from an obligation or the consequences of

: to express approval or give consent

guilt

accede oppose

exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir

accede demur

hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve

accelerate
2

v. /

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: to move faster : gain speed

: to hasten the progress or development of

accountability

expedite : process :: accelerate : pace

: an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to

n.

accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration

account for one's actions

accelerate retard
accrete
accentuate

v.

accentuate underplay

v. : ACCUMULATE

: to grow or become attached by accretion

accrete : growth :: erode : destruction
accrete : grow :: inch : advance

accessible

adj. /

accrete wear away

: capable of being understood or appreciated

abstruse accessible/patent

achromatic

adj.

: possessing no hue ; being or involving black, gray, or white :

accessory

n/adj. / : ADJUNCT

: a thing of secondary or subordinate importance

NEUTRAL
achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence

: present in a minor amount and not essential as a

constituent

accumulate

accessory of primarily importance

: to gather or pile up especially little by little

v. / : AMASS

accumulation dissipation
accidental

adj.

: occurring unexpectedly or by chance

accuse

inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual

: to charge with a fault or offense

v. : BLAME

safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss

intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble(#)

acerbic

effect : cause() , .

: acid in temper, mood, or tone

adj. /

consequence : ,

acerbic sweet

, .

acerbity saccharine

result, outcome : effect ,

.

acme

n. / : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH

: the highest point or stage

acclimate

v.

acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute

: to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate,

acme : mountain :: crest : wave

environment, or situation

vagary : predict :: acme : surpass

acclimate make unfamiliar with

acme nadir

accolade

acquiesce

n. /

v.

: an expression of praise

: to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively

accolade excoriating remark

intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend

accolade swearword

acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical(#)

accolade cutting remark

acquiesce defy/resist/refute

accolade censure
accolade reproof /reprobation/excoriation/

acquisition

disapprobation/criticism/denigration

: the act of acquiring

n. /

deplore accolade/extol

divestiture acquisition

accolade denunciation
accolade derogate

acquit

v.

: to discharge completely
accommodate

v. /

: to provide with something desired, needed, or suited

acrid

(as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings)

: sharp and harsh or unpleasantly pungent in taste or odor

accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove(>)

acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile(#)

adj. / : IRRITATING

grating/strident : sound :: acrid : odor

accomplice

n.

: one associated with another especially in wrongdoing

acrid : odor :: piercing : sound

acrid gentle
acrid savory

accost

v.

: to approach and speak to often in a challenging or

acrimonious

aggressive way

: caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or

accost : approach :: importune : quest(>)

manner

adj. /

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill

acrimonious harmonious

adjourn

v.

: to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place

acumen

n.

convoke adjourn

: quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or

insight

adjudicator

alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd

: one that act as judge

n.

acumen obtuseness
adjunct
acute

adj. /

n. /

: something joined or added to another thing but not

fatuous acute

essentially a part of it
adjunct essential element

adamant

adj. / : UNYIELDING

: unshakable or immovable especially in opposition

ad-lib

adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control

: something spoken, composed, or performed without

impossible : execute :: adamant : move

preparation

adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble

ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent(=)

n.

adamant vacillatory
adamant moved

admission

n. /

: the act or process of admitting

adapt

v. /

lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission

: to make fit (as for a specific or new use or situation)

often by modification

admonish

adapt remain unchanged

: to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle,

adaptable unchangeable

earnest, or solicitous manner

addendum

peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation(<)

v. /

admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory(<)

n.

: a supplement to a book

pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove

addendum : document :: postscript : letter

alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory

apprise : information :: admonish : warning

addicted

adj. /

: to devote or surrender (oneself) to something

adore

habitually or obsessively

: to regard with loving admiration and devotion

inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency

abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness(>)

v. /

adulate : fawn :: woo : adore(=)

adept

adj/n. / : EXPERT

apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)

: thoroughly proficient

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)

: a highly skilled or well-trained individual

terror : apprehension :: adoration : affection

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit

adept bungling

adroit

adj.

: having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in

ad-hoc

adj.

handling situations

: for the particular end or case at hand without

loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#)

consideration of wider application

adroitness : inept :: difficulty : simplicity(#)

adroit ungainly

adherent

n.

ham-handed deft/adroit

: a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea

or church

adulate

adherent dissenter {forerunner}

: to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly

v.

adulate : fawn :: woo : adore

adhesive

n.

aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration(>)

: a substance, such as paste or cement, that provides or

fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter(>)

promotes adhesion.

adulate scorn/excoriate/disparage

adhesive : bind :: compass : orient

adulation obloquy/disdain/vituperation

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive

adulation somber affection

adjacent

adj.

: having a common endpoint or border

immediately preceding or following

adulterate
also

v.

: to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a

foreign or inferior substance or element stickler

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

adult : child :: cat : kitten

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment/conviction

adulterate : pure :: bolster/brace : weak

officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel

demand : satisfied :: adulterate : pristine

disaffected content/contented

stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration

affected natural

embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure

dismantle : unity :: adulterate : pristine

affection

adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor

: tender attachment

unalloyed adulterated

: feeling or emotion

adulteration purification

apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)

n. / : FONDNESS

embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference

adumbrate

v.

embrace : affection :: frown : displeasure

: to suggest or disclose partially

scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection

revelation adumbration

scowl : displeasure :: hurl : disgust

swagger : bravado :: caress : affection

adversary

n. : ENEMY, FOE

obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection

: one that contends with, opposes, or resists

mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection

supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance

antipathy affection

adversary ally

adulation somber affection

advertence

affidavit

n.

n. /

: the action or process of adverting

: a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or

advertence inattention

on affirmation

advertent inattentive

affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony

advertise

v.

affiliation

n.

: to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a

: to bring or receive into close connection as a member or

broadcast

branch

advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal

affiliation dissociation

advocate

affinity

v.

n.

: to plead in favor of

: likeness based on relationship or causal connection

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

affinity antipathy/aversion/hideousness
affinity repugnance

aerate

v.

repugnance affinity

: to supply (the blood) with oxygen by respiration

aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water

affliction

aerate remove air from

: great suffering

aerial

adj.

affluent

n.

adj.

: of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere

: having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply

aerial : air :: aquatic : water

of material possessions
affluent needy

aesthetics

n.

impecunious wealthy/prosperous/affluent

: a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of

penury affluence

beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and

indigent affluent

appreciation of beauty
aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge

aghast

gourmet : food :: aesthetic : art

: struck with terror, amazement, or horror

adj. : SHOCKED

philistine aesthete
agenda
affable

adj. []

n. []

: a list or program of things to be considered or done

: characterized by ease and friendliness

program : concert :: agenda : meeting

affable irascible

repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo

affability surliness

repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting

testy affable

curriculum : class :: menu : dish

curriculum : course :: agenda : meeting

affected

adj. : PRETENDED

: assumed artificially or falsely

itinerary : travel :: agenda : meeting

minute : agenda :: log : itinerary

posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant

KOREA GRE
aggrandize

Fifth Edition

v. /

: to make appear great or greater ; praise highly

Editor : Juntack Lim

: an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentation

albino : pigment :: prairie : tree

: to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation

of

alchemy

aggrandize disparage

: a power or process of transforming something common into

aggrandize undermine

something special

effacing aggrandizing

: a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophy

n. /

alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment

aggravate

v.

: to make worse, more serious, or more severe ;

astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry

alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy

intensify unpleasantly
succor aggravate

alibi

ameliorate aggravate

: an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment

aggravate alleviate

alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory

console aggravate grief

alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive

n.

allay increase the intensity of/aggravate/intensify

align
aggregate

v/n. /

v. / /

: to bring into line or alignment

: to collect or gather into a mass or whole

: to ally (oneself, for example) with one side of an argument or

: total considered with reference to its constituent parts;

cause

a gross amount

aligned awry

coalesce disaggregate

aligned not affiliated

disaggregate/disintegrate join together

aligned askew/improperly adjusted

aggregate isolated units

aligned badly adjusted

aggregate disperse

aligned warped

aggressive

allay

adj. /

v. : ALLEVIATE

: inclined to behave in a hostile fashion

: to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity

aggressive even-meaning

allay increase the intensity of

allay excite/galvanize

aggrieve

v. / : DISTRESS

: to give pain or trouble to

allay arouse
allay exacerbate

aggrieve gratify
aggrieve comfort

allegiance

n.

: devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause

agony

n. / : ANGUISH, TORTURE

: intense pain of mind or body

authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans

renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith

agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern(>)

painful : agonizing :: important : paramount(<)

allegory

n. : fiction

: the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and

agrarian

adj.

actions of truths or generalizations about human existence

: of or relating to fields or lands or their tenure

allegory : fiction :: ??

agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade

allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument

airtight

adj. /

alleviate

v. : RELIEVE, LESSEN

: having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole

: to make (as suffering) more bearable

airtight : loophole :: ??

abate : tax :: alleviate : distress

foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak

alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax

alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor

alacrity

n. /

alleviate : power :: attenuate : force

: promptness in response ; cheerful readiness

alleviate : intensity :: console : grief

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)

alleviate intensify

alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd

alleviate exacerbate

alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid

alacrity dilatoriness/hesitancy

alliterate

alacrity sluggishness

: to arrange or place so as to make alliteration

alacrity recalcitrance

alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface(#)

albino

alloy

n.

v.

v.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: to debase by the addition of an inferior element

amble

alloy : purity :: thin : density

: to go at or as if at an amble

v. : SAUNTER

walk : amble :: talk : chat

allowance

n. []

: a share or portion allotted or granted

walk : amble :: draw : doodle

amble step quickly

pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream

ambrosial

adj. /

allude v. : REFER

: extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food

: to make indirect reference

mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food

intimate : communicate :: allude : refer

mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste

allude mention explicitly

ameliorate
aloft

adv.

v.

: to make better or more tolerable

: at or to a great height

ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation(=)

founder stay aloft

ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution

groundedly aloft

ameliorate aggravate
ameliorate exacerbate

aloof

adj. /

damper ameliorator

: removed or distant either physically or emotionally

politic : offend :: aloof : associate

amenity

aloof having affinity

: something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or

gregarious aloof

enjoyment

n. /

amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful

alphabetical adj.

amenable inimical

: arranged in the order of the letters of the alphabet

dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological

amenable

adj. [,]

: readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate

altruism

n.

amenable inimical

: unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of

others

amiable

altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise

: being friendly, sociable, and congenial

altruism egocentrism

inimical friendly/amiable/amicable

adj.

vulture altruist
amicable adj. : PEACEABLE
amalgamate

v. /

: characterized by friendly goodwill

: to unite in or as if in an amalgam; especially : to

amicable : malign :: negligible : elevated(#)

merge into a single body

inimical friendly/amiable/amicable

amalgamation : disintegrated :: ??
amalgamate separate/isolate/disintegrate/insulate

amiss

amalgamation disintegration

: in a faulty way

amass

v. : ACCUMULATE

: to collect into a mass

adj/adv. / : IMPERFECTLY

amorphous

adj. : SHAPELESS

: having no definite form

amorphous : shape :: errant : course

ambiguous

adj. /

: doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or

amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy

amorphous : shape :: equivocal : meaning

indistinctness
ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth

amphibian

ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore

eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal

n.

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal

equivocal : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent

amplify

unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish

: to make larger or greater (as in amount, importance, or

v. : INCREASE

intensity)
ambivalent

adj.

mute amplify

: simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings

(as attraction and repulsion) toward an object, person,

amplitude

or action

amplitude meagerness

n. : FULLNESS

ambivalent committed
amulet

n.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

amulet : evil :: helmet : injury

Editor : Juntack Lim

anesthetic

adj/n. /

: lacking awareness or sensitivity

anachronistic

adj.

anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound

analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation

aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs
pain : analgesic : sensation : anesthetic

anaerobic

adj. .

: living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of

soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain

sensation anesthesia

free oxygen
anaerobic living in oxygen

anhydrous

anaerobic respiring

: free from water and especially water of crystallization

adj.

anhydrous wet
analgesic

adj/n. /

: lacking sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness

animation

analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation

lassitude vim/verve/animation

n. : ALIVE

aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs

pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic

animus

pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative

: a usually prejudiced and often spiteful or malevolent ill will

analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity(#)

animus friendly

n.

tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden

annals
analogy

n. : SIMILARITY

disparate analogous
analysis

n.

n.

: historical records
dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological
annotate

v.

measure : dimension :: analyze : nature

: to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or

synthesis analysis

explanatory notes; gloss

annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition

anarchist

n.

: one who rebels against any authority, established order,

annoy

or ruling power

: to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts

anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery

testy : annoy :: tractable : control

anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend

annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl

apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel

patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)

anarchy order

testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk

anathema

n. : CURSE, EXECRATION

annul

v. /

v. /

: a vigorous denunciation

annul make legal

anathema panegyric/blessing

annul reaffirm

ancestor

anodyne

n.

n.

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

scion ancestor

anomalous

adj. : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL

: inconsistent with or deviating from what is usual, normal, or

ancillary

adj.

expected

: of secondary importance

anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless(#)

ancillary paramount

anomalous conformity to norms

anomalous typical

anecdote

n.

: a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or

anonymous

biographical incident

: not named or identified

anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction

anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite

adj. /

anecdote : story :: skit : play

skit : play :: anecdote : narrative

antagonize

v. /

: to act in opposition to
anemic

adj.

: to incur or provoke the hostility of

: lacking force, vitality, or spirit

cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize

anemic : hale :: ??

placate antagonize

anemic hale

synergic antagonistic
propitiate antagonize

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

mollify antagonize
antecedent

n. / : ANCESTORS, PARENTS

Editor : Juntack Lim

hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar

apathy

n. / : IMPASSIVENESS

: person from whom one is descended, especially if

: lack of feeling or emotion

more remote than a grandparent

ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic(#)

: a model or stimulus for later developments

antecedent posterity

apex

n.

: the highest or culminating point

antediluvian

adj.

: Extremely old and antiquated

aphorism

antediluvian : age :: colossal : size

: a terse formulation of a truth or sentiment

n. : ADAGE

brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature

antenna

n. /

euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse

antennae : butterfly :: ??

pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

anterior

apiary

adj. /~

: coming before in time or development

n.

apiary : bee :: cage : pet

anterior ensuing
aplomb
anthology

n.

compendium : summary :: anthology : collection(=)

antibiotic

n.

antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding

n. /: POISE

: complete and confident composure or self-assurance

trepidation aplomb
apocalyptic

adj. / : CLIMATIC,

PROPHETIC
: ultimately decisive

antic

adj. /

: forecasting the ultimate destiny of the world

: characterized by clownish extravagance or absurdity

apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical

facetious : speech :: antic : behavior

apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : irrational

apocalyptic inconsequential

anticipatory adj. /
: to give advance thought, discussion, or treatment to

apocrypha

retrospective anticipatory

: writings or statements of dubious authenticity

n. /

apocryphal : authentic :: ??
antidote

n.

apocryphal authentic

: a remedy to counteract the effects of poison

antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation

apologize

antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy

: to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or

remedy : disease :: antidote : poisoning

offense

antidote intoxication

: to make a formal defense or justification in speech or writing

v. /

saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend

antipathy

n. / : DISTASTE

patron : support :: apologist : defend

: settled aversion or dislike

apologize : regret :: gibe : derision

antipathy affection

apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed

affinity antipathy
apologist
antique

adj. : ANCIENT

: existing since or belonging to earlier times

n. ()

: one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something

saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend
apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel

antiseptic

n. []

disciple : follow :: apologist : defend

: opposing sepsis, putrefaction, or decay

heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend

oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect

patron : support :: apologist : defend

sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize

apologist critic/detractor

antonym

n.

: a word of opposite meaning

apophasis

n.

: allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned, as

in I will not bring up my opponent's questionable financial

anvil

n.

dealings.

: a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal

apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox

is shaped

apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate(#)

KOREA GRE

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Editor : Juntack Lim

applause
apoplectic

adj. /

: of a kind to cause or apparently cause stroke ; greatly

n. /

mirth : laughter :: approval : applause

applaud disparage

agitated
: extremely angry

applicant

apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin(>)

remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

n.

apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature(#)

apoplectic calm

appoint

v.

appoint : official :: cast : actor

apostasy

n. / : DEFECTION

: renunciation of a religious faith

apposite

: abandonment of a previous loyalty

apposite : relevant :: ??

apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy

apposite extraneous

adj. / : APT

apostasy fidelity
appreciable
apostrophe

n.

adj. /

: capable of being perceived or measured

: a mark ' used to indicate the omission of letters or

appreciable imperceptible

figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or

ponderable inappreciable

figures
apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence

apprehension n. / : FOREBODING

parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission

apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)

ellipsis (, , ***) : omission

apprehensive inaccessible

asterisk(*) : annotation
caret (^) : interpolation
apothecary

n.

apprentice

n. : NOVICE

approbation

n. / : COMMENDATION, PRAISE

: one who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for

praise : approbation :: demur : objection

medicinal purposes

censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible

apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat

endorse : approbation :: ??

{librarian : book} !

execration approbation

appall

apron

v.

n. /

: to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay

: a shield (as of concrete or gravel) to protect against erosion

appall embolden/nerve

(as of a waterway) by water

encourage appall

lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect

drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing

apparel

vt/n. / : DRESS

gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak

appropriate

tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

meet inappropriate/unsuitable

adj. : FITTING

apt extremely inappropriate

appeal

v.

measured inappropriate

remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

appropriate
appealing

adj. : PLEASING

noisome appealing

v. ( )()

: to take or make use of without authority or right

lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart

appease

v. / : CALM

smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate

roil clarify/appease

appropriate surrender

vex pacify/appease/soothe

appropriate demise

appease rile
approve
appellation

n.

: a name, title, or designation

v. /

mirth : laughter :: approval : applause

substantiate disapprove

foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative

approximate
appetite

n. /

appetite : indulge :: ??

adj.

paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise(#)

stickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist : adulteration

voracity lack of appetite

apropos

10

adj. : PERTINENT

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

apropos irrelevant

Editor : Juntack Lim

archipelago

n.

: a large group of islands

apt

adj. /~ : READY, LIKELY

glade : wood :: oasis : desert

apt extremely inappropriate

grove : trees :: archipelago : islands

apt unlikely

galaxy : stars :: archipelago : islands

aptness unsuitability
architect
aquatic

adj.

aerial : air :: aquatic : water

n.

: a person who designs and supervises the construction of

buildings or other large structures
choreographer : movement :: architect : building

aqueduct

n.

{sculptor : statue} !

: a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity

of flowing water

archive

aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas

: a place in which public records or historical documents are

n.

aqueduct : water :: vessel : blood

preserved
archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon

aquifer

n.

archive : records :: museum : artifacts

: a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or

book : library :: file : archive

gravel

{performance : theatre} !

shaft : lode :: well : aquifer

archness
arachnid

n.

spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit

arboreal

adj.

arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars

n. /

archness straightness
archness subordinate/obedience
arctic

adj. / : FRIGID

torrid arctic

arborshelter :: hedgerowfence
ardor
arboretum

n. []

n. / : INTENSITY

assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor

: a place where trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants

alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor

are cultivated for scientific and educational purposes

torpor ardor

arboretum : trees :: aviary : birds

arboretum : wilderness :: ??

arduous

finch : bird :: arboretum : tree

STRENUOUS

adj. / : DIFFICULT,

: hard to accomplish or achieve

arcane

adj.

: marked by great labor or effort

arcane well-known

arduous facile

archaic

argot

adj. : ANTIQUATED

evanescent : permanency :: archaic : currency

n.

argot standard language/common verbalism

meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency

archaic current

arid

adj.

marsh : sodden :: desert : arid

archaism

n.

arid damp

: an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression

archaism modern diction

armory

n.

: a place where arms and military equipment are stored

archetype

n. / : PROTOTYPE

pantry : food :: armory : weapons

harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify(=)

arousal
archipelago

n.

n. /

stimulationarousal :: pathogendiseasing

: a group of islands
range : mountain :: chain : link

arrest

galaxy : planet :: archipelago : islands

: to make inactive

v. ()

grove : trees :: archipelago : islands

arrest vitalize

oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean

range : mountain :: chain : link

arresting

{archipelago : islands} !

blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting

adj. : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE

arresting banal

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KOREA GRE

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Editor : Juntack Lim

voluptuary ascetic
arrhythmic adj.

indulgent ascetic

arrhythmic regular

hedonism ascetic

arrhythmic exhibiting regularity

ascetic hedonist

arrogance

n.

: a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in

aseptic

adj.

aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs

an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims

mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance(#)

aside

confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory(<)

: a straying from the theme

intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble(#)

aside : digression :: overture : introduction

arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir

aside : digression :: summary : excerpt

frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<)

ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

arroyo

askew

n.

n.

adj. : AWRY

: a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream

aligned askew

grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel

{curve} !

arsenal

n.

archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon

aspect

n. / :EXPOSURE

: a position facing a particular direction

transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location

articulate

v.

{transfix : attention} !

: to give clear and effective utterance to

ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking

asperity n. / : HARSHNESS

articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly

: roughness of manner or of temper

asperity : optimistic :: ??

artifacts

n.

asperity mildness of temper/amicability/mildness

archive : records :: museum : artifacts

asperity soothingness

artifice

aspiration

n. /

artifice candor

n.

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility

artisan

n.

aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey

: a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson

artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian

assert

v. /

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)

artless

adj. /

assert : belabor :: tend : fuss(<)

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless(#)

artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication

assertive

artless cunning

: disposed to or characterized by bold or confident assertion

adj. / : AGGRESSIVE

artlessness duplicity/guile

obsequiousservile :: belligerentassertive(<)

sly artless

bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful

artless disingenuous

unassertive brassy

artlessness urbanity
affectation artlessness

assess

artlessness sophistication

: to determine the importance, size, or value

v.

assess : value :: plumb : depth

ascendant

n. : DOMINATION

: a state or position of dominant power or importance

asset

ascendant having no influence

asset liability

n.

ascendant having no power

assiduous
ascent

n. : ACCLIVITY

ascetic

adj/n. /

adj. /

: marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent

application
rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity

ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence

assiduous indolent

ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusiveness

assiduous desultory

ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development

assiduous slipshod

sybarite/sumptuous ascetic

assiduous remiss

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KOREA GRE

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Editor : Juntack Lim

attenuate : force :: alleviate : power

assuage

v. []/ : APPEASE,

attenuate : thickness :: cool : temperature

EASE

attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality

: to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or

attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength

distresses)

collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness

: to put an end to by satisfying

debase : value :: attenuate : force

assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor

attenuation : force :: retrenchment : money

assuage intensify/inflame

attenuate : thickness :: weaken : potence

assuage exacerbate

attenuate intensify

assuage vex
gall calm/assuage

attorney

n. /

: a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in

assume

v. / : UNDERTAKE, FEIGN

legal proceedings

: to take to or upon oneself

attorney : disbar :: student : expel

: to pretend to have or be

attorney : defendant :: ??

abdicate assume
assume refuse/reject

auction

n.

unassuming overbearing
usurp assume rightfully

audacious

adj. // :

ADVENTUROUS
astringent

adj/n. /

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration

: tending to draw together or constrict tissues

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility

astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal

audacious : cautious :: ??
audacious : caution :: inedible : food

astounding

adj.

circumspect audacious/reckless/direct encounter

: filling with bewilderment or wonder

audacious timid

indelible : forget :: astounding : expect

audacious circumspect

astound : wonder :: appall : horror

{meticulous} !

astute

audible

adj. /

: having or showing shrewdness and discernment,

adj.

audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious/manifest(<)

especially with respect to one's own concerns

fatuous astute

augment

v.

: to make (something already developed or well under way)

asunder

adj. /

asunder yoking

greater, as in size, extent, or quantity

augment retrench
augment abate

asymmetrical adj.
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid

augur

n/v. /

: one held to foretell events by omens

asylum

n. : SANCTUARY

refugee : asylum :: ??

intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict

pundit : opinion :: augur : prediction
augurpredict :: punditopine

atone

v. ( ) / : EXPIATE

worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury

: to make amends, as for a sin or fault

augury : appearance :: ??

guilt : expiation/atonement :: fatigue : repose

maven : experience :: luminary : eminence

maven : experience :: augur : prediction

atrocious

adj. : BARBARIC

atrocious : bad :: momentous : important(>)

auspicious

adj. : PROPITIOUS

auspicious boding ill

attentive

adj.

: expressing affectionate interest through close

auspicious ominous
auspicious unfavorable

observation and gallant gestures

inauspicious favorable

attentiveofficious :: refinedsnobbish(+:)

auspicious ill-omened

attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous

fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful(>)

austere

adj. /

abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate(#)

attenuate

v. : WEAKEN

attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed

embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure(#)

laconic : speech :: austere : design

13

KOREA GRE

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baroque austere

Editor : Juntack Lim

averse inclined

lavish austere
authenticity n. / : REAL, ACTUAL

aviary
n.
arboretum : trees :: aviary : birds

: the quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy,

or genuine

avid

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical(#)

: characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit

adj. /

discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic

: desirous to the point of greed

genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity

reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(=)

melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity

avid indifferent

authentic bogus
spuriousness authenticity

avulsion

semblance authentic article

: a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgically

n.

avulsion suture
authority

n. []

avulse link

authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention

authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans

awash

authority : superiority :: heretic : unconformity

: filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood

adj. : FLOODED

contumacious : authority ::

awash dry

reactionary/hidebound/conservative :
change/innovation/novelty

awe

author : novel :: chef : banquet

redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :

n.

recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary :

scorn/contempt/disregard

change

awe irreverence

impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization

{barbarian : property} !

awkward

adj. /

craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)

autocracy

n.

dexterous : awkward ::??

: government by a single person having unlimited power

lithe awkward

pundit : learning :: autocracy : power

svelte paunchy and awkward

deft awkward

autonomy

n.

: the condition or quality of being autonomous ;

awl

independence

awl : pierce :: pestle : hash

n.

autonomy dependence
awning
avarice

n. : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY

n.

awning : sun :: umbrella : rain

: excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain

avarice : money :: gluttony : food

awry

stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy

awry aligned

adj. / : ASKEW

avarice generosity

awry orderly/planned

contented avaricious
axiomatic
aver

v.

: to allege or assert in pleading

adj. : SELF-EVIDENT

: taken for granted

axiomatic controversial

aver deny
gainsay aver
B
aversion

n.

: a feeling of repugnance toward something with a

desire to avoid or turn from it

babble

aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration

: to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds

v.

aversion : inclination :: ??

babble : sense :: parrot : originality

affinity aversion

babble express succinctly

aversion court
penchant aversion

backdrop

propensity aversion

: a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage

n.

proclivity aversion

placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista

craving aversion
backhanded
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adj. / : DEVIOUS

KOREA GRE

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Editor : Juntack Lim

: not straightforward

: something that gives stability (as in character or conduct)

backhanded forthright

truss : support :: ballast : stability

ballast : instability :: purchase : slippage

backset

n. / : SETBACK

ballast : stability :: camouflage : indetection

backset hike

ballast : stabilize :: disguise : camouflage

badge

ballet

n.

: a device or token especially of membership in a society

n.

instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet

or group
chevron : badge :: caisson : cart

ballot

n.

: a list of candidates running for office

badger

v.

ballot : candidates :: ??

: to harass or annoy persistently

badger : bother :: belabor : mention

balm

badger mollify

: a soothing restorative agency

n. /

antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation

badinage

n. : BANTER

balm irritant

: playful repartee
badinage serious conversation

balmy

adj.

inclement balmy
baffle

v. [ ]/

balmy piquant

: to frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or

perplexing; stymie

bamboozle

v. : DUPE, HOODWINK

: to deceive by underhanded methods

bait

v. / : ENTICE, LURE

: to persecute or exasperate with unjust, malicious, or

ban

n.

persistent attacks
bait disarm

banal

bait mollify

: lacking originality, freshness, or novelty

adj. / : TRITE

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal

balance

n/v. /

arresting banal

: to determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a

banal novel

weighing device

banality freshness

abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh

banality ingeniousness

balance : weight :: verifyaccuracy

banality original
trite unbanal

baleful

adj. / : OMINOUS

: deadly or pernicious in influence

baneful

: foreboding evil

: seriously harmful or destructive

bale mirth/benefit

salubrious baneful

adj. : SERIOUSLY HARMFUL

baneful salutary
balk

v. / : BLOCK, DEMUR

: to stop short and refuse to proceed

banish

: to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle

: to require by authority to leave a country

balk move ahead willingly

evict : residence :: banish : country

balky

adj. []

: refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function

v.

banister

n.

staircase : banister :: garden : fence

as directed or expected
balky tractable/acquiescent/eager

banquet

n.

writer/author : novel :: chef : banquet

ballad

n.

ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter

banter

ballad : song :: lyric : poem

: good-humored, playful conversation

n. []

playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole

ballet

n.

instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet

barb

n. /

: a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment

ballast

n.

barb : caustic :: pan : harsh

15

KOREA GRE

barbarous

Fifth Edition

adj. //

Editor : Juntack Lim

bedeck

v. [] : DECK

: lacking culture or refinement

: to clothe with finery

barbarous sophisticated/civilized

bedeck strip

barbarize civilize
barbaric sophisticated

bedlam

n.

: a place, scene, or state of uproar and confusion

barefaced

adj. / : OPEN,

UNCONCEALED

tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive

tumult/bedlam/riot serenity

: lacking scruples
headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame

befuddle

barefaced surreptitious

: to muddle or stupefy with or as if with drink

v. ()

befuddlement : understanding :: ??
bargain

v. : HAGGLE

: to negotiate over the terms of a purchase, agreement,

belabor

or contract

: to discuss repeatedly or at length

debate : issue :: bargain : price

badger : bother :: belabor : mention

v.

assert : belabor :: tend : fuss(<)

baroque

adj. /

: characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance,

beleaguer

complexity, or flamboyance in ornamentation

beleaguer : vexation :: ??

: irregularly shaped

beleaguer delight

v. : TROUBLE, HARASS

baroque austere
belie
barren

adj. /

barren prolific

v.

: to show to be false
belie affirm
belie confirm

barter

v/n. ()

belie show to be true

correspond : letters :: barter : commodities

jog : exercise :: barter : trade

belittle

v. : DISPARAGE

: to speak slightingly of
base

adj. /

debase : value :: attenuate : force

belletristic

n.

base virtuous
base noble/patrician

bellicose

sublime base

: favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars

adj.

imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)

baseboard

n.

bellicose peaceful

: a molding covering the joint of a wall and the adjoining

bellicose appeasing

floor

bellicose incline to peace

veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall

belligerent adj. /
bask

v. [] : INDULGE

: inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or

: to take pleasure or derive enjoyment

combativeness

bask abstain

obsequiousservile :: belligerentassertive(<)
belligerent peaceful

bathetic

adj. : TRITENESS

: characterized by bathos

belligerent disposed of peace

belligerent conciliatory

offbeat bathetic
offbeat hackneyed

bellwether

n. / : LEADER

: one that takes the lead or initiative also ; an indicator of

beacon

n. /

siren : sound :: beacon : light

trends
bellwether : leadership :: adviser : consultation

castle : turret :: sea : beacon

siren : heard :: beacon : seen

bemoan

v.

: to express deep grief or distress over

beatitude

n.

: to regard with displeasure, disapproval, or regret

: supreme blessedness or happiness

beatitude misery

bend

16

v.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant(#)

posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant

bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble(#)

bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan

{servile : domination} !

benediction

n.

: the invocation of a blessing

bit

curse benediction

bit : drill :: blade : razor

beneficent

blackout

adj. /

n.

n. / : SUPPRESSION

: doing or producing good ; performing acts of kindness

and charity

bland

beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield(#)

pungency blandness

philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor

tangy bland

adj. / : DULL, INSIPID

noxious beneficial
toxic beneficial

blandishment

n. : ALLUREMENT

: something that tends to coax or cajole

benign

adj.

: showing gentleness and mildness

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede

blandishment : coax :: medal : honor
blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive

benignant

adj.

: kind and gracious

blandishment : coax :: threat : intimidate

blandishment threat

benignant vicious
blas
bent

adj/n. //

adj. /

: apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive

: a strong inclination or interest

indulgence or enjoyment

: a special inclination or capacity

miser : munificent :: zealot : blas

bent ineptitude
{nonchalance} !
bequest

n. : LEGACY

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

blaspheme
blast

v. : REVILE, ABUSE

n/v.

: a violent gust of wind

blast : whiff :: gush : trickle(>)

berate

v.

: to scold or condemn vehemently and at length

blatant

berate commend

: noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner

berate laud

: completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a

berate praise

crass or offensive manner

adj. / : BRAZEN

ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore

beseech

v. : IMPLORE

supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious

blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting(=)

blatant inconspicuous/unimpressive/unobtrusive
blatant subtle

besmirch

v. / : SULLY, SOIL

blatant unobtrusive

: to make dirty ; to stain

besmirch honor

blazon

n/v. () : PROCLAIM

: ostentatious display
betray

v. /

: to publish widely
alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface

bibliophile

n.

: a lover of books especially for qualities of format;

blazon : adorn :: pillar : support

blazon efface

also : a book collector

bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food

bleach

{calligrapher : handwriting} !

: to remove the color from, as by means of chemical agents or

v.

sunlight
bigot

n.

: a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or

bleeding

her own opinions and prejudices

lint : bleeding :: ??

bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy

tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion

bigot : tolerance :: liar : honesty

{moratorium : activity} !

bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger(>)

antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding

bigoted : advice :: conservative : change

hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness(=)

17

n.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: to talk or act with noisy swaggering threats

blemish

n. /

blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk

: an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless

/drawl : slow

/bluster : loud

/prate : aimless

anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless

pristine : blemish :: ??

boast

v.

boast : pride :: complain : discontent

blender

v.
boding

blight

n/v. /

: a disease or injury of plants resulting in withering,

n. : PORTENT ,FOREBODING

: an omen, prediction, or presentiment especially of coming evil

auspicious boding ill

cessation of growth, and death of parts without rotting

blighted hale/sound

boggle

v. /

: to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples

blimp

n.

: a pompous, reactionary, ultranationalistic person

boggle embolden
march boggle

blimp man of progressive ideas

boisterous
bliss

n. /

dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss(<)

blithe

adj. /

adj. : ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS

: marked by or expressive of exuberance and high spirits

boisterous quiet
bolster

n/v. /

: lacking due thought or consideration

: to support with or as if with a bolster

blithe sound

bolster : support :: tackle : hoist

blithe grave

adulterant : pure :: bolster : weak

blunder

n.

bombast

n. /

: a gross error or mistake resulting usually from

: grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing

stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness

nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast

protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage

pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole

pompous : bombast :: tirade : critical

blunt

adj/v. /

bombast down to earth language

slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness

blunt whet

bonhomie

n. : GENIALITY

: good-natured easy friendliness

blur

v. /

: to obscure or blemish by smearing

congenial : bonhomie :: ??
bonhomie : good natured :: ??

: to make dim, indistinct, or vague in outline or

character

bonus

blur : definition :: subjugate : independence

bonus : employee :: decoration : soldier

blurb

boo

n.

n.

n.

: a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket)

: a shout of disapproval or contempt

blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation

snare boo

blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance

bookworm
blurt

v.

: to utter abruptly and impulsively

n.

: one who spends much time reading or studying

bookworm : read :: gourmet : eat

blurt : utter :: flit : move

conceal blurt

boon

n. / : BENEFIT, FAVOR

: a timely benefit
blush

n/v. /

boon misfortune

blush : embarrassment :: nod : agreement

blush : embarrassment :: bow : respect

boor

blush : embarrassment :: shrug : indifference

: a rude or insensitive person

yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment

insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp

blush : embarrass :: nod : approve

sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton

n.

insensible : boor :: stingy : miser

bluster

v. /

18

KOREA GRE
bootless

Fifth Edition

adj. : USELESS, UNPROFITABLE

Editor : Juntack Lim

brassy

adj.

: without advantage or benefit

: being shamelessly bold

bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)

diffident/unassertive brassy

interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)

furtive open/forthright/brassy

bootlessfutility :: empty : void

brassy humble/unassertive/reserved

bore

v. /

brattish

adj.

die : shaping :: drill : boring

: an ill-mannered annoying child

food : hunger :: stimulation : boredom

tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous

entrance disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore
bravado
bottleneck

adj/n. / : NARROW

n.

: blustering swaggering conduct

: a narrow or obstructed section, as of a highway or a

courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness(<)

pipeline

swagger : bravado :: caress : affection

bottleneck indefinite
bravura
bough

n.

bound

n. /

adj.

: marked by an ostentatious display of skill

bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearance

boundless limited

brazen

boundary unrestrained

: marked by contemptuous boldness

adj. : IMPUDENCE

brazen : impudent :: deadpan : impassive(=)

bouquet

n. : NOSEGAY

impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness(=)

: flowers picked and fastened together in a bunch

impudent : brazenness :: deadpan : impassivity

: small cluster or arrangement of flowers

risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness

brazen modest

box

v.

box : fight :: debate : argue

brazen self effacing

diffidence brazenness
brazen diffident

bracing

adj.

: giving strength, vigor, or freshness

breach

bracing vapid

: a break in accustomed friendly relations

denouncing bracing

: a temporary gap in continuity

n/v. /

: to make a breach in
bracket

n. (, )

breach solder

buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf

breezeway
brackish

adj. : REPULSIVE

n.

breezeway : building :: stairway : floor

: not appealing to the taste

brackish : repulsive :: ??

brevity

n.

brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature

braggadocio
braggart

n.
n.

: one given to loud, empty boasting

exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram

bribe

v.

: to induce or influence by or as if by bribery

bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible

braided

adj. ()

bribe : incorruptible :: rouse : insensible

: made by intertwining three or more strands

grooved : striating :: braided : stranded(=)

bridle

n/v. /

: to restrain, check, or control with or as if with a bridle

brake

n.

bridled without restraint

divert : shunt :: retard : brake

brake : decelerate :: clamp : compress

brisk

adj. : LIVELY

ponderous lively/vibrant/brisk
brash

adj.

: heedless of the consequences

bristle

frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion

: to raise the bristles (as in anger)

candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate

bristle : anger :: vacillate : irresolution

n/v. ( )

bristle cower

19

KOREA GRE

brittle

Fifth Edition

adj.

Editor : Juntack Lim

bumptious

adj. / : OBTRUSIVE

: easily broken, cracked, or snapped

: presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive

manifest : perceive :: brittle : break

dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness

dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble

broach

v.

impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness

: to open for the first time

bumptious : disrespect :: ??

broach close off

bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful

bumptious humble

bromide

n.

equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed

bungle

bromide unhackneyed speech

: to act or work clumsily and awkwardly

v.

bungle bring off

browbeat

v.

: to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner

buoy

or domineering speech

: to maintain at a high level

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat

: to raise the spirits of

v. / : SUPPORT, UPLIFT

buoyed unsupported
bruit

v. : REPORT

: to noise abroad

buoyant

bruit keep secret

: capable of floating

adj. / : CHEERFUL, GAY

bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant

buck

v. : BALK

/dissolve : insoluble

: to refuse assent

buoyant : float :: heavy : drop

buck assent to

hangdog buoyant
buoyant sinking

bucolic

adj. /

palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city

aggrieved buoyant
buoyant leaden

bucolic urban
bucolic sophisticated

burgeon

v. / : FLOURISH

: to grow and expand rapidly

budge

v. : YIELD

burgeon wither

: to give way

burgeon subdue

palter : candor :: budge : diehard

burgeoning waning

vagary : predict :: diehard : budge

burgeon waste away

buffer

v. ()

buffer : impact :: extenuate : circumstance

burial

n. : INTER

: the act or process of burying

inter : burial :: obliterate : removal

buffoon

n. : CLOWN

: a ludicrous figure

burlesque

ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine

: mockery usually by caricature

ludicrous : buffoon :: humorous : wag

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery

n.

doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play

bulge

n.

: a protuberant or swollen part or place

burnish

bulge depressed region

: to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing

v/n. /

numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous

bully

n.

burnish : dull :: mar : flawless

: one habitually cruel to others who are weaker

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat

burrow

bully : intimidation :: dupe/stupid : gullibility

ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern(<)

n. (,)

bully : scare :: ??
sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation

busybody

underdog bully

: an officious or inquisitive person

n.

ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusive

bumper

n.

: a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage

butt

protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage

: to thrust or push head foremost

20

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KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: strike with the head or horns

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede

butt : head :: nudge : elbow

wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion

cajole : reluctant :: ??

buttress

n/v. /

: a projecting structure of masonry or wood for

calamitous adj.

supporting or giving stability to a wall or building

: being, causing, or accompanied by calamity

: to furnish or shore up with a buttress

strut : wing :: buttress : wall

calcify

buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf

: to make inflexible or unchangeable

buttress : edifice :: splint : limb

calcification flexibility

aegis : protection :: buttress : support

calcify be malleable

v.

buttress : edifice :: splint : fracture

contravene buttress

calibrate

v. /

: to ascertain the caliber of

bygone

n. : PAST, OUTMODED

: to standardize (as a measuring instrument) by determining

the deviation from a standard so as to ascertain the proper

byline

n.

correction factors

: a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine

measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter

article, or book giving the writer's name

/gauge : pressure

article : byline :: movie : credits

calibrated unstandardized

/plumb : depth

calligrapher n.
C

: one who writes a beautiful

bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food
{calligrapher : handwriting} !

cabal

n.

: the artifices and intrigues of a group of persons

callous

secretly united to bring about an overturn or usurpation

: being hardened and thickened

especially in public affairs

: feeling no emotion

cabal : association :: plot : plan

: feeling no sympathy for others

v/n/adj. //

callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity

cache

n.

gully : erosion :: callous : friction

: a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of

callous sympathetic

valuables

callous compassionate

cache : hidden :: summit : inaccessible

callow
cacophony

n. : DISSONANCE

adj. : IMMATURE/GREENHORN

: lacking adult sophistication

: harsh or discordant sound

frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity(#)

cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent

callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced(#)

cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill

callow : mature :: capricious : deliberate(#)

cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl

?? :: expertise : green

malodorous : smell :: cacophony/jarring : sound

experience : green :: pelf : impecunious

fetid : smell :: cacophonous : sound

apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature

cacophonous dulcet/euphonious

callow behaving with adult/sophisticated

callow mature

cadet

n. /

: one in training for a military or naval commission

calorie

cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog

power : watt :: heat : calorie

n.

/decibel : sound
cadge

/volt : electricity

v. : BEG, SPONGE

: to beg or obtain by begging ; to sponge

calumniate

cadge earn

: to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations

v. /

about
caisson

n.

chevron : badge :: caisson : cart

corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)
calumny : representation :: perjury : testimony

cajole

v. () ~ : COAX

calumniate vindicate

: to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in

calumnious flattering

the face of reluctance

calumny approbation/eulogy

21

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor

camaraderie

n.

: a spirit of friendly good-fellowship

canvass

camaraderie/comity enmity

: to seek orders or votes

v. () : SOLICIT

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

cameo

n. /

: a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell

canyon

: a small theatrical role usually performed by a well-

: a deep narrow valley with steep sides and often with a stream

known actor and often limited to a single scene

flowing through it

peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture(<)

ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern(<)

n.

blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance

capacious
camouflage

n. /

adj. / : SPACIOUS

: containing or capable of containing a great deal

: behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hide

: fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown,

capitulate

tan, and black so as to make the wearer

: to surrender often after negotiation of terms

indistinguishable from the surrounding environment

acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical

code : meaning :: camouflage : location

capitulate resist

mask : face :: camouflage : location

capitulation resistance

disguise : identification :: camouflage : detection

capitulate oppose

v. () : ACQUIESCE

malinger : duty :: camouflage : detection

mimicry : camouflage :: variation : mutation

caprice

ballast : stabilization :: camouflage : indetection

: a sudden usually unpredictable condition, change, or series of

camouflage exposure

changes

n.

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive

candidate

n.

/discontent : unsatisfied

: one that aspires to or is nominated or qualified for an

caprice : whimsical :: insight : discerning

office, membership, or award

apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberation

roster : personnel :: slate : candidate

caprice : predict :: ??

ballot : candidates :: ??

capricious : change :: ??
capricious steadfast

candor

n. / : FORTHRIGHTNESS

caprice confirmation

: freedom from prejudice or malice

: unreserved, honest, or sincere expression

captivate

palter : candor :: budge : diehard

: to influence and dominate by some special charm, art, or trait

candor : subterfuge :: brashness : deliberation(#)

and with an irresistible appeal

palter : candor :: betray : loyalty

captivate repulse

v.

artifice candor
carefree
cane

n.

adj. /

: free of worries and responsibilities

cane : walk :: glasses : see

carefree : responsibility :: hidebound : flexibility

canon

caretaker

n. /

: the authentic works of a writer

careworn

adj.

religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy

: showing the effect of grief or anxiety

canonical : conforming :: qualified : limited(=)

careworn lighthearted

n. /

: an accepted principle or rule

canon apocrypha
canonical nontraditional

caricature

n.

: exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts

canopy

n.

canopy : cover :: tag : identify

or characteristics
brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature
exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram

cantankerous adj. /

pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

: difficult or irritating to deal with

illustrator : caricaturist :: essayist : satirist

caricature : presentation :: ??

canvas

n.

: a piece of cloth backed or framed as a surface for a

carnal

painting

: relating to or given to crude bodily pleasures and appetites

22

adj. /

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: marked by sexuality

: broad in sympathies, tastes, or interests

carnal spiritual

catholic narrow

carouse

caustic

v.

adj. /

: to drink liquor deeply or freely

: a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by chemical

roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw

action
barb : caustic :: pan : harsh

carp

v.

caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry

: to find fault or complain querulously

causticburn :: solventdissolve

caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious

caustic palliating/genial

complain : carp :: drink : guzzle(<)

caustic smooth

cartographer n.

cavalier

: one that makes maps

DEBONAIR

cartographer : map :: tailor : clothing

: marked by or given to offhand and often disdainful dismissal

cartographer : map :: weaver : cloth

of important matters

cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary

: a gallant or chivalrous man, especially one serving as escort

adj/n. // :

to a woman of high social position; a gentleman

cast

n/v. ()

cavalierly : deliberation :: ??

: the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a

rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy

certain role to (an actor)

{cavalier : arrogant} !

appoint : official :: cast : actor

letter : signature :: playbill : cast

caveat

n. /

: a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices

castigation

n.

overture : introductory :: caveat : warning

: to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism

overtureintroductory :: caveat : cautionary

castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior

preamble : introductory :: caveat : precautious

castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike(>)

peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation

cavern

castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp

: large cave

castigation approbation

ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern

castigate flatter

cavern : spelunker :: ocean : diver

n.

grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel

castle

n.

castle : turret :: sea : beacon

cavil

v.

: to raise trivial and frivolous objection

catalyze

v. : BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE

cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)

: to bring about; initiate

caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious

enzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe

encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil

catalytic : initiate :: synthetic : create

nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object

catalyze retard

nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil

catalyst prevention

faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil

catastrophe

n.

cavort

v. [] : PRANCE

: a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme

: to walk or move in a spirited manner

misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin

dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly

catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)

cavort trudge

oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic

cede
categorical

adj. : ABSOLUTE,

v.

: to yield or grant typically by treaty

UNQUALIFIED

cede : possession :: ??

: being without exception or qualification

cede possess

acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical

categorical qualified/conditional

celebrity

n. : RENOWN

: famous person
cater

v.

celebration : decry :: slight : show respect(#)

: to supply what is required or desired

celebrity obscurity

catholic

cell

adj. / : UNIVERSAL

23

n.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

cell : membrane :: seed : hull

Editor : Juntack Lim

chagrin

n. /

: disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation,

cement

v.

disappointment, or failure

: to unite or make firm by or as if by cement

chagrin : mind :: grimace : face

cement fracture

chagrin elation
chagrin cheerfulness

censor

v/n. /

: to examine in order to suppress or delete anything

chamber

considered objectionable

: a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity

n. /

censorship : communication :: preservative : decay

censorship : information :: sanitation : disease

chameleon

vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

n.

salesman : buy :: censor : expunge

champion
censorious

adj.

v. / : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE

: to act as militant supporter of

: marked by or given to censure

champion disparage

pliable : influence :: censorious : condemn

impugn champion

censorious : critical :: ??
censorious : censor :: recalcitrant : resist

channel

censorious eulogistic

: to convey or direct into or through a channel

v. []~ /

channel evade
censure

n/v. /()

channel disperse

: to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy

lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure

chaotic

remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure

chaotic strictly structured

censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible

chaotic strictly featured

adj.

exonerate censure
extol censure

chaplain

n. /

: a clergyman officially attached to a branch of the military, to

census

n.

: a usually complete enumeration of a population

an institution, or to a family or court

chaplain : religious :: ??

census : population :: inventory : stock

charade
centrifuge

n.

n. /

: a game in which some of the players try to guess a word or

: a machine using centrifugal force for separating

phrase from the actions of another player who may not speak

substances of different densities, for removing moisture,

: an empty or deceptive act or pretense

or for simulating gravitational effects

charade : word :: mime : story

centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain

charade : dissimulate :: void : empty

ceramic

n.

shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake

charlatan

n. / : FRAUD/FAKER

: one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability

mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive

ceremony

n.

: a formal act or series of acts prescribed by ritual,

chary

protocol, or convention

: hesitant and vigilant about dangers and risks

affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony

: slow to grant, accept, or expend

certitude

chary rash

adj. /

chary bold
n.

: the state of being or feeling certain

certitude obscurity

chasm

n. / : GORGE

: a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth)

cessation

n. / : STOP

cleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)

: a temporary or final ceasing (as of action):

cessation commencement/start

check

cessation continuation

: to block the progress of

n/v. ()

jolt : move :: check : stop

chaff

n.

winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities

propagate/hasten check
goad check
check hasten

24

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

chord
chef

n.

n.

: a combination of three or more musical tones sounded

author : novel :: chef : banquet

simultaneously

writer : novel :: chef : banquet

chord : note :: grove : tree

chef : kitchen :: scientist : laboratory

chord : tone :: ode : poem

chef : kitchen :: chemist : laboratory

constellation : star :: chord : note

cherubic

adj.

choreography

n.

: innocent-looking usually chubby and rosy

: the composition and arrangement of dances especially for

cherubic somber

ballet
choreography : dance :: plot : story

chevron

n. ()

choreographer : movement :: architect : building

chevron : badge :: caisson : cart

{sculptor : statue} !

chiaroscuro

chromatic

n.

adj.

: pictorial representation in terms of light and shade

: relating to colors or color

without regard to color

chromatic colorless

chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy

chronic

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : intricacy

: marked by long duration or frequent recurrence

{tapestry : delicacy} !

chronic sporadic

chic

chronicle

adj. : STYLE

adj. / : INVETERATE

n.

: smart elegance and sophistication especially of dress

: a usually continuous historical account of events arranged in

or manner

order of time without analysis or interpretation

chicanery

n. / : TRICKERY

chronological

adj.

: deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry

: of, relating to, or arranged in or according to the order of time

chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful

dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological

gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination

chicanery guilelessness

chunk

chicanery forthrightness

: a thick mass or piece

chicanery honest dealing

chunk flake

n.

chicanery scrupulous practice

churlish
chide

v. / : SCOLD

adj. / : SURLY

: marked by a lack of civility or graciousness

: to voice disapproval to; reproach in a usually mild and

annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl

constructive manner

uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver

chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)

cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl

complaisance churlishness

chip

n.

genteel churlish

: a small usually thin and flat piece (as of wood or

stone) cut, struck, or flaked off

cinder

chip : stone :: shard : glass

: the slag from a metal furnace

choke

v.

n. : DROSS

cineast

n.

: to check normal breathing of by compressing or

: a devotee of motion pictures

obstructing the trachea or by poisoning or adulterating

cineast : film :: gourmand : food

available air
smother : choke :: ??

cipher

n.

: a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its

choleric

adj. /

meaning

: easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive

cipher : cryptic :: prcis : concise

anger ; hot-tempered

cipher : crack :: ??

cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize

choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse

circuitous

choleric : rile :: partial : bias

: not being forthright or direct in language or action

choleric difficult to provoke/pacific

immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness

25

adj. /

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

circumscribe

v.

Editor : Juntack Lim

clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly

: to constrict the range or activity of definitely and

clandestine : secrecy :: harmonious : congruity

clearly

clandestine open

ecumenical circumscribed
circumscribed unlimited

clarion

adj.

: brilliantly clear
circuitous

adj.

: not being forthright or direct in language or action

: loud and clear

clarion soft and indistinct

immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness

clarity
circumference

n.

n. : LUCIDITY

: the quality or state of being clear

: the perimeter of a circle

ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth

border : country :: circumference : circle

consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion

equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth

circumlocutory

adj. /

equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense

: having use of an unnecessarily large number of words

/obfuscation : clarity

to express an idea

misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract

circumlocutory direct encounter

ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity

circumlocutory straightforward

roil clarify/appease
obfuscate/opaque clarify

circumlocution

n. /

: the use of an unnecessarily large number of words to

clasp

express an idea

: a device (as a hook) for holding objects or parts together

: evasion in speech

lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten

n.

circumlocution pithy uttering

circumlocution aphoristic uttering

claustrophobia

circumlocution straightforword utter

: abnormal dread of being in closed or narrow spaces

n.

recluse : crowd :: claustrophobic : enclosure

circumspect

adj. : PRUDENT

: careful to consider all circumstances and possible

cleft

consequences

: a usually V-shaped indented formation

circumspect audacious/reckless

: a hollow between ridges or protuberances

temerity circumspection

cleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)

n.

rash circumspective
clement
circumvent

v.

: to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or

adj. / : LENIENT

: inclined to be merciful
clement pitiless

stratagem
circumvent confront

clich n.

circumvention direct encounter

: a trite phrase or expression

hodgepodge : uniformity :: clich : originality

cistern

n.

equivocation : misleading :: clich : hackneyed

: an artificial reservoir (as an underground tank) for

storing liquids and especially water (as rainwater)

clinch

cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse

: to hold fast or firmly

v.

clinch remove
citation

n.

: an official summons to appear (as before a court)

cling

summons : citation :: ??

: to hold together

civility

clique

n. : COURTESY, POLITENESS

civility rudeness

v.

n.

: a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons; especially : one

held together by common interests, views, or purposes

clairvoyant

adj. / : DISCERNING

clique : intimates :: flock : sheep

: unusually perceptive
dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict

clog

{clairvoyant : oversee} !

: something that shackles or impedes

n. : ENCUMBRANCE

clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations

clandestine

adj. : SURREPTITIOUS

26

KOREA GRE
closet

Fifth Edition

n/adj. /

Editor : Juntack Lim

: a concluding passage of a movement or composition

: a cabinet or recess for especially china, household

dessert : meal :: epilogue : play

utensils, or

dessert : meal :: coda : sonata

clothing

coda overture

pantry : food :: closet/wardrobe : clothes

coddle
clothing

n.

pantry : food :: closet/wardrobe : clothes

clot

n/v. /

v. []

: to treat with extreme care

coddle scorn
coerce

v. ~

: a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood

: to bring about by force or threat

clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed

wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion

freeze : water :: clot : blood

squander : expand :: coercion : intimidate

voluntary coercive

cloture

n.

: the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body

coeval

especially by calling for a vote

: of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration

voting roll call :: termination : cloture

congruent : dimension :: coeval : age

cloudburst

n.

cogent

adj.

adj. : CONVINCING

: a sudden copious rainfall

: appealing forcibly to the mind or reason

gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall

cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel

cogent unconvincing

clout

n. : PULL, INFLUENCE

clout impuissance/ impotence

cogitate

v. /

: to take careful thought or think carefully about

cloying

adj. /

philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack

: excessively sweet or sentimental

garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet

cognizant

loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet

: knowledgeable of something especially through personal

adj. /

experience
clumsy

adj. /

incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy(#)

: lacking dexterity, nimbleness, or grace

cognizant oblivious

comely clumsy

cognizant unaware

coagulant

colander

n.

n.

: something that produces coagulation

: a perforated utensil for washing or draining food

coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve

centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain

coagulant liquefier/dissolvent
collapse
coalesce

v. : FUSE

v.

: to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely

: to unite into a whole

collapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<)

coalesce disaggregate

collapse : implode :: steep : immerse

coalesce sunder

collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness

polarize coalesce

: rough, especially to the touch

collude v. : CONSPIRE, PLOT

: to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or
deceitful purpose

: adjusted or designed for heavy, fast, or less delicate

collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey

work

collusion : conspirators :: cooperation : partners

coarse : surface :: ??

collude : cooperate :: stalk : follow

coarse

adj. /

fastidious coarse
colonnade
coax

v. : CAJOLE

n.

: a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually

: to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery

supporting the base of a roof structure

equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten

colonnade : pillar :: queue : person

blandishment : coax :: medal : honor

coltish
coda

n.

adj.

: not subjected to discipline

27

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

coltishdiscipline :: loutishgrace

Editor : Juntack Lim

taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu

commodious constricted/cramped

coma

n.

: a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease,

commonplace

injury, or poison

: having no remarkable features, characteristics, or traits

coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion

inimitable commonplace

combustible

commonplace original expressly

adj. /

phenomenal unexceptional/commonplace
adj.

: capable of combustion

commonplace exceptional

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)

combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape

commonsense

n.

: sound and prudent but often unsophisticated judgment

comely

adj. /

preposterous commonsensical

: having a pleasing appearance ; not homely or plain

comeliness unattractiveness

commotion

comely clumsy

: an agitated disturbance

n. / : TO-DO

squall : commotion :: flash : illumination

commencement

n. /

: an act, instance, or time of beginning

compendium

cessation commencement

: a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledge

cease inaugurate/commence

compendium : summary :: anthology : collection(=)

commencement matriculation

encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective

commend

compensate

v. : PRAISE

n. : ABSTRACT

v. : BALANCE

execrable commendable/laudable

: to offset an error, defect, or undesired effect

commensurate

complacent

adj. /

: equal in measure or extent

adj. /

: contented to a fault; self-satisfied and unconcerned

preponderant commensurate
tantamount incommensurate

complaisance

n. / : AFFABILITY

: disposition to please or comply

commentary

n.

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit

: an explanatory treatise

complaisance churlishness

annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition

complaisance obstinacy

commercial

compliant

n.

adj. : SUBMISSIVE

: an advertisement broadcast on radio or television

: ready or disposed to comply

advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal

compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)

obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield

commingle

v. ~

: to cause to blend together

compliment

commingle separate

: expressing or containing a compliment

v. /

: to show fondness, regard, or respect for by giving a gift or

commitment

n. /

performing a favor

: an engagement to assume a financial obligation at a

apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed

future date

courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness(<)

: the state or an instance of being obligated or

vituperative complimentary

emotionally impelled
crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision

comply

dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence

: to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes, to a

v.

disaffected : contentment :: dubious :

rule, or to necessity

commitment/conviction

mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain

ambivalent committed
composed
committed

adj.

adj. : CALM, SELF-POSSESSED

: free from agitation

profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed

distraught/frenetic composed

commodious

compress

adj. / : ROOMY

: comfortably or conveniently spacious

v.

: to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing

28

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

compression increase in volume

concord n. // : HARMONY

distention compression

: a state of agreement
: a simultaneous occurrence of two or more musical tones that

compromise

n/v. /

produces an impression of agreeableness or resolution on a

: to come to agreement by mutual concession

listener

mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction

: a treaty establishing peaceful relations

implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle

concord dissension

intransigent open to compromise

dissonance concord
concord rancor

compunction

n. / : QUALM,

SCRUPLE

concord enmity
concord contention

: anxiety arising from awareness of guilt

unrepentant compunctious

concur

compunction absence of misgiving

: to act together to a common end or single effect

v. /

concur naysay
concatenate

v. ()

concur object/dissent

: to link together in a series or chain

concatenate separate

condemn

v.

: to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after

concede

v. /

weighing evidence and without reservation

: to grant as a right or privilege

countenance condemn

concede refuse to grant

exaltation condemnation
extol condemn/impugn/detract

concentrate

v. / : FOCUS

: to bring or direct toward a common center or objective

condescending

: to make less dilute

: showing or characterized by condescension

concentrate dilute solution

condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn

deploy concentrate

patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery

concerted

condign

adj.

: mutually contrived or agreed on

adj. : PATRONIZING

adj. / : DESERVED, APPROPRIATE

condign undeserved/unmerited

concerted individually devised

condolence
concerto

n.

n. /

: sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or

: a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with

misfortune

three contrasting movements

condolence : sympathy/compassion :: gibe : derision

conciliate

v. /

condone

v. /

: to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts

: to pardon or overlook voluntarily; especially : to treat as if

: to make compatible

trivial, harmless, or of no importance

sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive

condone denounce

conciliate vex/nettle/discontent

condone exact

vexation conciliation
contentious conciliatory

conducive

conciliate nettle

: tending to promote or assist

discontent conciliate

conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate

adj. /

rile conciliate
belligerent conciliatory

confederacy

n. : ALLIANCE

: a league or compact for mutual support or common action

conciseness

n.

: marked by brevity of expression or statement

confess

: free from all elaboration and superfluous detail

: to disclose one's faults; specifically : to unburden one's sins

synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity

or the state of one's conscience to God or to a priest

v.

recantation : error :: confession : crime

concomitant

adj/n. /

: accompanying especially in a subordinate or incidental

confidant

way

: one to whom secrets are entrusted

n.

preponderant concomitant
confident

29

adj.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

confident : timid :: open : shy(#)

: one who understands the details, technique, or principles of

confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory(<)

an art and is competent to act as a critical judge

frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<)

connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine

selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur

confine

v.

: to keep within bounds

conquest

loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception

: the act or process of conquering

n.

inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest

conflate

v.

: to combine (as two readings of a text) into a

conscientious

composite whole

: thorough and assiduous

conflate disseminate

conscientious unaware/careless

adj. / : SCRUPULOUS

conscious unwitting
confluence

n. /

: the point of juncture of such streams

consensus

: a gathering, flowing, or meeting together at one

: general agreement

juncture or point

consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion(#)

confluence : streams :: junction : roads

expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism

confluence divergence

law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism

n. / : UNANIMITY

schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity

conform

v. /

consensus factionalism

: to be similar or identical
: to be obedient or compliant

conservative

incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey

: tending or disposed to maintain existing views, conditions, or

gainsay conform

institutions

adj. : TRADITIONAL

bigoted : advice :: conservative : change

confront

v. : OPPOSE

contumacious : authority ::

: to face especially in challenge

reactionary/hidebound/conservative :

craven : confront :: honest : deceive

change/innovation/novelty

circumvent confront
conservatory
congeal

v. : COAGULATE

n. /

: a school specializing in one of the fine arts

: to make viscid or curdled

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology

congeal melt/disintegrate

/observatory : astronomy

congeal fail to solidify

conserve
congenial

adj. : SOCIABLE, GENIAL

: having the same tastes, habits, or temperament.

v.

: to avoid wasteful or destructive use of

conserve waste/squander/exhaust

: of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable

dour genial/congenial

considerable

adj. / : SIGNIFICANT

restive : calm :: piddling : considerable(#)

congruent

adj. /

: superposable so as to be coincident throughout

consignment

congruent : dimension :: coeval : age

: the act or process of consigning

incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey

consignment : invoice :: ??

n.

variance congruity
congruent disagreeable

console

v. : COMFORT

: to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of

conjecture

n/v. ()

: inference from defective or presumptive evidence

embarrass : shame :: console : comfort

console aggravate grief

conjecture restrain from the speculation

conjecture fact

consolidate

v. / : UNITE

: to join together into one whole

connive

v. : CONSPIRE

: to cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful action

consolidation fragmentation
consolidate dissolve

connive : cooperate :: spy : watch

uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver

consonance

n. /

: harmony or agreement among components

connoisseur

n.

consonant dissentient/dissonant

30

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

consonance discrepancy
conspicuous

adj. : STRIKING

Editor : Juntack Lim

restiveness contentment
contentious

adj. /

: attracting attention

: exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to

authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention

quarrels and disputes

conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand

contentious conciliatory

conspicuous : sheltered :: ??

contention general agreement

blatant inconspicuous
nondescript conspicuous

contingent

salient inconspicuous

: likely but not certain to happen

constellation

n.

adj. : POSSIBLE

contradictory

adj.

: the configuration of stars especially at one's birth

: involving, causing, or constituting a contradiction

constellation : star :: chord : note

paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise

bouquet : flowers :: constellation : star

contravene
constitute

v.

v. : CONTRADICT

: to oppose in argument

: to appoint to an office, function, or dignity

contravene support

abdicate constitute

contravene buttress

constrained

adj. /

contretemps

n. /

: an unforeseen event that disrupts the normal course of things

constrain release
intemperate constrained

contrite
consultation

n.

adj.

: grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming

apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed

contagious

adj. : CATCHING

apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute/hesitant

: capable of transmitting disease; carrying a disease

sprain : injury :: cold : contagion

contrived

contagious incommunicable

contrived : design :: ??

adj. / : ARTIFICIAL, LABORED

contaminate v.

control

: to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact or

: an individual or group used as a standard of comparison in a

association

control experiment

hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination

control group experimented on

n.

/safeguard : accident
contumacious
contemplate

v.

: to view or consider with continued attention

adj. /[,] :

REBELLIOUS
: stubbornly disobedient
contumacious : authority ::

contempt

n. : DISDAIN

reactionary/hidebound/conservative :

: the act of despising

change/innovation/novelty

: the state of mind of one who despises

contumacious obedient

measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly

paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt

conundrum

redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :

: an intricate and difficult problem

scorn/contempt/disregard

conundrum : solve :: dilemma : ?

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure

conundrum : confuse :: ??

/pout : displeasure

n. /

/sneer : contempt

estimable contemptible

convalesce

contemptible popular

: to recover health and strength gradually after sickness or

v.

weakness
content

adj. /

recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce

: feeling or manifesting satisfaction with one's

possessions, status, or situation

convenience

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction

: something (as an appliance, device, or service) conducive to

gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration

comfort or ease

admiration : praise:: discontent: complain

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience(=)

disaffected content

opportune inconvenient

31

n.

KOREA GRE

convention

Fifth Edition

n. /

Editor : Juntack Lim

convulsion

n.

: usage or custom especially in social matters

: an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or series of

overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention

contractions of the muscles

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated

convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion

offbeat conventional
ossify transcend conventions

coop

n.

corral : horses :: coop : chickens

convergent

adj. : CONVERGING

: tending to move toward one point or to approach each

copious

other

: present in large quantity

converge spread out/ramify

: taking place on a large scale

convergent moving apart

copious sparse

adj.

discrepancy convergence
coquette
conversant

adj. /

n.

: a woman who endeavors without sincere affection to gain the

: having frequent or familiar association

attention and admiration of men

: having knowledge or experience

supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious

conversant unfamiliar
conversant ignorant

coquettish

adj.

conversance lack of familiarity

cord
convert

v.

n.

: a unit of wood cut for fuel equal to a stack 4 x 4 x 8 feet or

: to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another

128 cubic feet

veer : direction :: convert : belief

ream : paper :: cord : wood

hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert

salesperson : buy :: proselytizerconvert

cordon

swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert

: a line of troops or of military posts enclosing an area to

n.

prevent passage
convex

n.

levee : river :: cordon : crowd

: something that have a surface or boundary that curves

or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere

cornucopia

convex dent

: an inexhaustible store

n. : ABUNDANCE

cornucopia lack/pittance
convey

v. /

: to transfer or deliver to another

coronation

collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey

: the act or occasion of crowning;

splint : immobilize :: duct : convey

highest office

n.
also :accession to the

coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage

conviction

n. /

: a strong persuasion or belief

corporeal

: the act or process of convicting of a crime especially in

: not immaterial or intangible

a court of law

: not spiritual

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction

corporeal intangible/disembodied

mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction

spiritual corporeal

adj. / : SUBSTANTIAL

incorporeal incarnate
convivial

adj. /

: fond of feasting, drinking, and good company

corral

convivial : social :: ??

corral : horses :: coop : chickens

convoke

corroborate

v.

n.

v.

: to call together to a meeting

: to support with evidence or authority

convoke adjourn

corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood

corroboration lessening of certainty

convoluted

adj. / : INVOLVED,

INTRICATE

corrosive

convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience(=)

: tending or having the power to corrode

threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive

convoluted : complexity :: transient : evanescence

32

n.

KOREA GRE
corruption

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

n. /

: the act or process of corrupting

courtroom

: the state of being corrupt

: a room in which a court of law is held

corruption purity

lawyer : courtroom :: gladiator : arena

cosmopolitan

coven

adj. /

n.

n. 13

: having worldwide rather than limited or provincial

: an assembly or band of usually 13 witches

scope or bearing

retainer : retinue :: witch : coven

bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan

retinue : attendant :: coven : witch

bigoted : tolerance :: servile : domination

insularity cosmopolitanism

covetous

insular cosmopolitan

: marked by inordinate desire for wealth or possessions or for

adj.

another's possessions
cosset

v. : PAMPER

troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)

: to treat as a pet
cosset slight

cow

cosseted unspoiled

: to destroy the resolve or courage of

coterie

embolden abash/faze/cow

v. [,]

cowed undaunted
n.

: an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with

a unifying common interest or purpose

cowardice

coterie : group :: ??

: lack of courage or resolution

n.

coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate

countenance

v. / : SANCTION

pluck cowardice

: to extend approval or toleration to

countenance condemn

cower

countenance refuse to approve

: to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter from something

v.

that menaces, domineers, or dismays

counterfeit

n. / : FORGED

: something made in imitation of something else with

fear : cower :: anger : rant

bristle cower

intent to deceive
sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money

coy

adj. /~~()

: shrinking from contact or familiarity

countermand

v.

: marked by cute, coquettish, or artful playfulness

: to cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or

order

craft

countermand : order :: rescind : law

: skill in planning, making, or executing

counterpart

n. : DUPLICATE

n. : DEXTERITY

cramp

adj/v. / : CONFINE, RESTRAIN

: to shut in so closely as to restrict the physical freedom of

couple

v. []

commodious constricted/cramped

couple disconnect
crass
couplet

n. 2 : DISTICH

adj.

: crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and

: unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually

sensibility

rhyming and having the same meter and often forming

crass refined

a complete thought or syntactic unit

refined crass

couplet : sentence :: ??
craven
court

n/v. /()

adj. /

: lacking the least bit of courage

: conduct or attention intended to win favor or dispel

craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)

hostility

craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift

aversion court

craven : heroic :: volatile : constant(#)

court repel intentionally/repulse intentionally/snub

heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent(#)

spurn court ,crave, embrace

craven : confront :: honest : deceive

dastard : craven :: dupe : gullible

courtesy

n.

craven valorous

: courteous behavior
: a courteous act or expression

craving

33

n. /

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: an intense, urgent, or abnormal desire or longing

: to place a crown or wreath on the head of;

terror : fear :: craving : desire(>)

invest with regal dignity and power

spurn court/crave/embrace

inaugurate : president :: install : official

craving aversion

/crown : king

credence

crucial

n. /

specifically :to

adj. : DECISIVE

: mental acceptance as true or real

: important or essential as resolving a crisis

credence distrust

relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)

credence doubt

crucial inconsequential
peripheral crucial

creek

n.

: a natural stream of water normally smaller than and

crude

often tributary to a river

: marked by the primitive, gross, or elemental or by

hill : mountain :: creek : river

uncultivated simplicity or vulgarity

adj.

delicacy crudity
creep

v/n. //

: to go very slowly ; to go timidly or cautiously so as to

crumb

escape notice

: a small fragment especially of something baked (as bread)

: to move along with the body prone and close to the

crumb : bread :: splinter : wood

ground

shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake

n/v. /

creep moved swiftly

creep swift movement

crumble

v. [] / :

DISINTEGRATE, COLLAPSE
crescendo

n. ()

: a gradual increase;

specifically :a gradual increase in

volume of a musical passage

: to fall into small pieces

: to break down completely
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter
friable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended

crest

n. ( )

: the top of a wave

friable not easily crumbled/resistance to be pulverized

friable difficult to crumble

crest : wave :: summit/peak : mountain

crutch
crestfallen

adj. / : DEJECTED

n. /

: a support typically fitting under the armpit for use by the

: feeling shame or humiliation

disabled in walking

crestfallen exultant

crutch : walk :: glasses : see

crestfallen elated/ecstatic/euphoric/exultant/jubilant

crutch : support :: glasses : see

criteria

crux

n.

n. ( )

: a standard on which a judgment or decision may be

: an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an

based

outcome
crux peripheral element

cronyism

n. ( )

crux pettiness

: partiality to cronies especially as evidenced in the

appointment of political hangers-on to office without

cryptic

regard to their qualifications

: having or seeming to have a hidden or ambiguous meaning

nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend

cipher : cryptic :: prcis : concise

nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud

cryptic : perplex :: ??

adj. / : MYSTERIOUS

cryptic self explanatory

croon

v.

: to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner

cuisine

croon : sing :: murmur : speak

connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine

crop

n. : COLLECTION

culpable

n.

adj.

: a group, quantity, or supply appearing at one time

: meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or

crop pittance

harmful
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame

crouch

v. / : CRINGE

culpable innocent

: to bend or bow servilely

cultivate
crown

v.

v. / : ENCOURAGE

: to foster the growth of

34

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: to improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or

of low atmospheric pressure, advances at a speed of 20 to 30

fertilizing, for raising crops

miles (about 30 to 50 kilometers) an hour, and often brings

nurture : child :: cultivate : crop

heavy

cultivate impede

snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone

cultivate cause to wither

cynical
cultivated

adj. / : REFINED,

EDUCATED

adj. /

: contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives

ingnue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness

feral cultivated
cumbersome

adj. []

: unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk

cumbersome : hinder :: palliative : mitigate
cumbersome easy to handle/handy/wieldy

dabble

v. ( )

: to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently

cunning

adj. /

especially in a secondary activity or interest

: characterized by wiliness and trickery

dabble : superficial :: ??

artless cunning

dabble dedicate/devote

ingenuous cunning

dabble specialize
dabbler specialist

curative

adj.

dabbler dedicated professional

: relating to or used in the cure of diseases

daft
curator

n. /

: one in charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of

adj. / : SILLY, INSANE

daft judicious
daft : saint :: ??

exhibit
ranger : forest :: curator : museum

daguerreotype

n.

: an early photograph produced on a silver or a silver-covered

curb

n/v. /

copper plate;

also :the process of producing such photographs

: to check or control with or as if with a curb

curb goad/spur

dally

curb promote to proceed/lack of restraint

: to act playfully

v.

dally : playful :: ??
curmudgeon

n.

: an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn

damp

notions

HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS

curmudgeon agreeable person

tint : suffuse :: damp : quench

n/a/v. //[] : MOISTURE,

abase : prestige :: damp : ardor

curry

v.

: to flavor or cook with curry powder or a curry sauce

damp amplify
sere lush/damp

sycophant : curry :: surveyor : oversee

dampen
cursory

adj. / : HASTY

v. /[] :

DEADEN

: rapidly and often superficially performed or produced

: to check or diminish the activity or vigor of

cursory painstakingly thorough

: to make damp

fastidious easygoing/cursory/uncritical

dampen increase intensity

dampen parch/scorch

curt

adj. / : TERSE

: sparing of words

dander

n. : ANGER

curt : words :: parsimonious : resource/money

dandy n.
curtail

v.

: a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal

: to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some

appearance

part

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen

curtail : period :: enervate : energy

/sycophant : fawn

/pundit : opine

protract curtail
dank
cyclone

n. ()

: a storm or system of winds that rotates about a center

adj.

: unpleasantly moist or wet

dank : moisture :: ??

35

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

debase ennoble
dapper

adj. : NATTY

: neat and trim in appearance

debilitate

dapper : fastidious :: ??

: to impair the strength of

dapper/natty frowzy/slovenly

attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength

unkempt/slovenly dapper

debilitate invigorate/fortify

dappled

adj.

v. : ENFEEBLE

debris

n.

: marked with small spots or patches contrasting with

: the scattered remains of something broken or destroyed

the background

debris : destroy :: ash : burn

striated : groove :: mottled/dappled : spot

debunk
daredevil

adj/n. /

v. () /

: to expose the sham or falseness of

: a recklessly bold person

debunk affirm/perpetuate to sham

prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton

debunk unexposed

daredevil : foolhardiness :: malcontent : dissatisfaction

debunk shroud

dart

v.

debut

n.

: to move suddenly or rapidly fall

: a first appearance

descend : plummet :: move : dart

debut : career :: embark : journey

debut farewell performance

daunt

v. / : COW, SUBDUE

: to lessen the courage of

decadence

dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment

: the process of becoming decadent

dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressiblerestrain

decadence wholesomeness

n. /

cowed undaunted
daunt embolden/make resolute

decant

daunting meek

: to pour off (wine, for example) without disturbing the

dauntless craven/easily discouraged/pusillanimous

sediment

v. []

subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour

dawdle

v. /

: to move aimlessly or lackadaisically

decentralize

dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated

: to distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a

hie dawdle

central authority) among several local authorities

deactivate

v. /

decibel

v. [ ]

n.

: to make inactive or ineffective

: a unit for expressing the relative intensity of sounds on a

deactivate potentiate

scale from zero for the average least perceptible sound to about
130 for the average pain level

deaden

v. : BLUNT

: to impair in vigor or sensation

decibel : sound :: volt : electricity

/watt : power

/lumen : light

tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden

decipher
deadpan

adj.

v.

: to make out the meaning of despite indistinctness or obscurity

: marked by an impassive matter-of-fact manner, style,

legible : decipher :: ??

or expression

decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component

impudent : brazen :: deadpan : impassive(=)

decode
dearth

n. / : LACK

: an inadequate supply

v.

: to convert (as a coded message) into intelligible form

tacit : infer :: encoded : decode(#)

plethora dearth
spate dearth

decorum

copiousness dearth

: propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance

n. /

miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum

debase

v. (,)

: to lower in status, esteem, quality, or character

decorum impropriety
mangy sleek/decorous

debase : value :: attenuate : force

enervation : vitality :: debasement : value

decrepit

debase : status :: lower : height

: wasted and weakened by or as if by the infirmities of old age

36

adj. /

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

decrepit vigorous

Editor : Juntack Lim

deft awkward

decrepit sound
defuse
dedication

n. /

: a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose

v. ()

: to make less harmful, potent, or tense

defuse foment

bigot : dedication :: rage : anger(>)

zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest(>)

defy

dabble dedicate/devote

: to challenge to do something considered impossible

v. () : DARE

: to confront with assured power of resistance

default

v.

: a failure to pay financial debts

acquiesce defy
defy not challenge/obey

default : pay :: yield : resist(#)

dehydrate
defer

v. /

v. /

: to remove bound water or hydrogen and oxygen from (a

: to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance

chemical compound) in the proportion in which they form water

usually through deference or respect

abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration

arrogant : defer :: ??

dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality

defer : leader :: admire : hero

dehydrate : water :: fade : brightness

fatigue : rest/repose :: dehydration : water

deferential

adj.

descent : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture

: showing or expressing respect and esteem due a

dehydration : moisture :: desertification : vegetation

superior or an elder

dehydrate : moisture :: attenuate :power

deferential : offend :: scornful : respect

reconstitute dehydrate

intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend

frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (<)

deification n.

exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence

: the act or process of deifying

deferential : offend :: adamant : yield

deification debasement

impudent deferential/respectful

deify speak with contempt

deferential contemptuous
deferential imperious

deject

v.

: to make gloomy
deficiency

n. / : SHORTAGE

mollify : anger :: heart : dejection

: an amount that is lacking or inadequate

dejected : embarrassment :: ??

surfeit deficiency

dejected exultant
deject gladden

defile

v/n. /

dejection jocundity

: a narrow passage or gorge

precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness

delegation

n. []

: A person or group of persons officially elected or appointed to

deflate

v. [] /

: to release contained air or gas from.

represent another or others

delegation : represented :: ??

: to collapse by releasing contained air or gas

puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled

deleterious

adj. /

: harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way

defoliant

n.

wholesome deleterious

: a chemical spray or dust applied to plants in order to

deleterious salutary/salubrious

cause the leaves to drop off prematurely

deleterious beneficial

defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect

deliberate
defraud

v.

: to deprive of something by deception or fraud

adj/v. /

: to think about or discuss issues and decisions carefully

apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate
hasty characterized by deliberation

deft

adj. /

: characterized by facility and skill

hasty deliberate
impetuous deliberate

craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)

maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse(#)

delicacy

maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging(#)

: the quality or state of being dainty

deft maladroit

ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense

deft clumsy

delicacy crudity

37

n. // : FINENESS

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

husky delicate
demur
delinquent

adj.

v. /

: to voice opposition

: offending by neglect or violation of duty or of law

demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness

demur : doubt :: waver : irresoluteness

delirium

n. /

: a mental disturbance characterized by confusion,

demur accept
accede demur

disordered speech, and hallucinations

coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion

demystify

v. /

: to make less mysterious; clarify

delude

v. / : DECEIVE, TRICK

demystify obfuscate

: to mislead the mind or judgment of

delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception

den

n.

transparent delusive
denigrate
deluge

n.

v. / : DEFAME

: to attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of

: an overflowing of the land by water

denigrate honor

rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane

droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

denouement

deluge drizzle

: the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a

n.

literary work
delve

v.

joke : punch line :: plot : denouement

: to make a careful or detailed search for information

quaff : sip :: delve : skim

denounce

scrutinize :: gloss :: delve : skim

: to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil

v.

admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory(<)

demagogue

n.

admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince

: a leader who makes use of popular prejudices and

castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit

false claims and promises in order to gain power

condone denounce

demagogue : instruct :: ??

denounce embrace

demise

denude

n/v. / : DIE, DECEASE

v.

: to pass by descent or bequest

: to strip of all covering or surface layers

appropriate demise

denude cover

demography

n.

denunciation

n. /

: the statistical study of human populations especially

: the act or an instance of denouncing, especially a public

with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital

condemnation or censure

statistics

accolade denunciation

demography : population :: meteorology : weather

depart
demolition

n. /

: the act of demolishing;

especially :destruction in war

by means of explosives

v. : LEAVE

abscond : depart :: pilfer : take

abscond : depart :: lurk : wait
abscond : depart :: purloin : appropriate

recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition

depict
demonstrable

adj.

v. /

: to represent by or as if by a picture

: capable of being demonstrated or proved

demonstrable unable to prove

deplete

v.

: to lessen markedly in quantity, content, power, or value

demoralize

v. / : DISCOURAGE,

enrich deplete

DISPIRIT
: to weaken the morale of

deplore

dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength

: to feel or express grief for ; to regret strongly

demoralize invigorate

: to consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecation

v. /

deplore laud/rejoice
demotic

adj.

: of or relating to the common people

deplore express accolade/extol

deplore commend

demotic profound

38

KOREA GRE
deploy

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

v. /

stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected

: to extend (a military unit) especially in width

deploy concentrate

deride

v.

: to subject to usually bitter or contemptuous ridicule

deportation

n.

patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery

: the removal from a country of an alien whose presence

apologize : regret :: gibe : derision

is unlawful or prejudicial

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive

deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling

/drawl : slow

/bluster : loud

/prate : aimless

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision

depose

v.

ridicule : derision :: ??

: to testify to under oath or by affidavit

deride praise

perjure depose

veneration derision

deposition

n. /

derivative

adj. / : BANAL

: an act or process of a natural accumulation (as of iron

: formed by derivation

ore, coal, or gas)

: lacking originality

deposition process of eroding

precursory derivative/sequela

depravity

derivative innovative

seminal derivative
n. /

: moral corruption or degradation

derivative original

doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue

derogatory
deprecate

v. / : BELITTLE,

adj. : DISPARAGING

: expressive of a low opinion

DISPARAGE
: to express disapproval of

descendant

laud : deprecated :: ??

: one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype

depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility

forbears descendants

n.

deprecate extol
vaunt deprecate

desecrate

tout deprecate

: to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously

laud deprecate

desecrate sanctify/revere

depreciate

v.

desert

: to lower the price or estimated value of

v. : PROFANE

v.

: to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return

fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swagger

imperious : fawn :: swaggering : self-depreciate

desiccate

imperiousness : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger

: to preserve (a food) by drying

depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility

abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration

v. : DEHYDRATE

caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry

depress

v. /

desiccate : moisture :: detoxify : poison

: to lower in spirits

desiccation : moisture :: deceleration : velocity

: to press down

cleanse : dirt :: desiccant : moisture

depressant : mood :: ??

/respitelabor

/offbeat : bathetic

protuberant depressed
designate
deprivation

v. ~

n. / : PRIVATION

: to call by a distinctive title, term, or expression

: the state of being deprived; especially : removal from

foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate

an office, dignity, or benefice

deprivation surfeit

despair

n.

abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope

deracinate

v. : UPROOT

: to pull out by the roots; uproot.

:

to

displace

from

one's

native

despicable
or

accustomed

adj.

: deserving to be despised

environment

redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :

deracinate plant

scorn/contempt/disregard
venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn

derelict

n/adj. / : VAGRANT, BUM

: a destitute homeless social misfit

despicable : value :: mulish : flexible

despise venerate

derelict pillar of society

39

KOREA GRE
despondent

Fifth Edition

adj. /

Editor : Juntack Lim

of behavior

: feeling or showing extreme discouragement, dejection,

or depression

devise

despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy(=)

: to form in the mind by new combinations or applications of

despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled

ideas or principles

v. : INVENT

elated despondent
sanguine despondent

devoted

adj. /

: feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment

dessert

n.

: having been consecrated

dessert : meal :: epilogue : play

devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious

dessert : meal :: coda : sonata

fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper

elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence

desultory

adj. []/[]

dabble dedicate/devote

: marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose

: not connected with the main subject

devout

: disappointing in progress or performance

: devoted to religion or to religious duties or exercises

desultory : plan :: inadequate : sufficiency

religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy

desultory : plan :: sluggish : industriousness

impiety devoutness

adj.

languid : energy :: desultory : plan

desultory strictly methodical

dexterous

assiduous desultory

: mentally adroit and skillful

adj. / : CLEVER

dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict

detach

v.

dexterous : awkward :: ??

: to separate especially from a larger mass and usually

without violence or damage

diabolic

tether detach

: of, relating to, or characteristic of the devil

adj. : DEVILISH

diabolization benediction
detain

v. /

diabolic seraphic

: to keep from proceeding; delay or retard.

: to keep in custody or temporary confinement

diagnose

detain manumit

: to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms

v.

diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct

deter

v. /

: to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting

diaphanous

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract

INSUBSTANTIAL, ETHEREAL

inducement deterrent

: characterized by extreme delicacy of form

deter spur

diaphanous opaque

adj. / :

diaphanous substantial
detestable

adj. : ABOMINABLE

diaphanous substantive

: arousing or meriting intense dislike

diatribe
detract

v.

n.

: a bitter and abusive speech or writing

: to diminish the importance, value, or effectiveness of

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery

something

lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse

extol condemn/impugn/detract

declamationgrandiloquence :: diatribeabuse

detritus

n. : DEBRIS

didactic

adj.

: a product of disintegration, destruction, or wearing

: designed or intended to teach

away

didactic : teach :: hortatory/exhortative : urge

debris : destroy :: ash : burn

didactic : teach :: fantastic : amaze

detritus valuable mass

diehard
detour

v.

: to go or cause to go by a roundabout way

n.

: one who strongly resist change

palter : candor :: budge : diehard

detour : path :: ??
detour : route :: digressive : topic

diffident

adj. /

: hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence

deviation

n.

: noticeable or marked departure from accepted norms

diffident brassy
expansive reserved/diffident

40

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: person regarded as stupid

diffuse

adj/v. ///

: to pour out and permit or cause to spread freely

dingy

: being at once verbose and ill-organized

: darkened with smoke and grime

: not concentrated or localized

dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere

adj. / : DIRTY, DISCOLORED

euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse

diffuse concentrate

diocesan

adj. /

: narrowly restricted in scope or outlook

digit

n. ()/

diocesan ecumenical

fang : tooth :: finger : digit

dire
dignity

n. /

adj. / : DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE

dire pleasant

: quality or state of being worthy, honored, or esteemed

dirge
digress

v.

: to turn aside especially from the main subject of

n.

: slow, mournful musical composition

dirge : music :: elegy : poetry

attention or course of argument

digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant

disabuse

digressive : topic/subject :: stray : group

: to free from error, fallacy, or misconception

stray : group :: digress : subject

disabuse : fallacy :: cure : disease

v.

loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception

dilapidate

v.

mislead disabuse

: to bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin

dilapidated restored

disaffected

adj. : REBELLIOUS

: discontented and resentful especially against authority

dilate

v. : DISTEND, WIDEN

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction

: to enlarge or expand in bulk or extent

officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel

dilate contract

disaffect win over/mollify

disaffected contented

dilatory

adj. : TARDY

: tending to postpone or delay

disaggregate

dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain

: to separate into component parts

alacrity dilatoriness/hesitance

disaggregate join together

precipitate retard/dilatory

coalesce disaggregate

dilettante

disagreeable

n. : DABBLER

v.

adj. : UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVE

: a person having a superficial interest in an art or a

: causing discomfort

branch of knowledge

disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal(<)

dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence

dilettante : superficiality :: partisan : bias

disarm

v. /

: to deprive of means, reason, or disposition to be hostile

diligent

adj. : PAINSTAKING

bait disarm

: characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort

diligent : effort :: deception : deceptive

disavow

diligent : effort :: malign : ill-will

: to deny responsibility for ; to refuse to acknowledge :

procrastination diligence

disavow affirm

v. : REPUDIATE

disavowal admission
dilute

v.

: to diminish the strength, flavor, or brilliance of by

discard

admixture

: to get rid of especially as useless or unpleasant

slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength/concentration

retain discard

din

n.

: a loud continued noise;

v. /

discerning
especially :a welter of

adj. : DISCRIMINATING

: showing insight and understanding

discordant sounds

palatable : savory :: discerning : manifest(=)

stench : nose :: din : ear

discern : acute :: believe : gullible

myopic discerning

dingus

n. ~~ : DOODAD

: article whose name is unknown or forgotten.

discharge

41

v.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: to dismiss from employment

: the quality of being discreet

discharge hire

foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money

overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention

disclaim

v.

judiciousness indiscretion

: to renounce a legal claim to

discretionary
discography

n. ( )

adj. /

: exercised at one's own discretion

: a descriptive list of phonograph records by category,

discretionary obligatory

composer, performer, or date of release

discretionary mandatory

list : discography :: tool : hoe

discretionary preordained

discomfit

discriminate

v. / : DISCONCERT,

v.

THWART

: to mark or perceive the distinguishing or peculiar features of

: to put into a state of perplexity and embarrassment

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching

: to frustrate the plans of

liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference

discomfited : blush :: contemptuous : sneer

sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating

discomfit ingratiate

equitable discriminatory/unfair

discomfit mollify
discursive
discommode

v. : TROUBLE,

adj. / : RAMBLING

: moving from topic to topic without order

DISOBLIGE

discursive keen on title

: to cause inconvenience to

discursive succinct

discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious

discommode assist

disdain

discommode oblige

: a feeling of contempt for what is beneath one

discommode pacificate/ease/mollify

snub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyalty

n. : SCORN

adulation disdain
discombobulate

v.

: to throw into a state of confusion

disembark

discombobulated composed

: to go ashore from a ship.

vt/v.

: to leave a vehicle or aircraft

discommode

v. / : TROUBLE

: to cause inconvenience to

disembark : ship :: dismount : horse

debark : ship :: unload : truck

discommode assist
discommodity convenience

disengage

v.

: to release from something that engages or involves

discompose

v.

disengage mesh

: to destroy the composure of

discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic

disgorge

discompose : pacific :: engageodious

: to discharge by the throat and mouth

discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious

disgorge swallow

v. : VOMIT

disturbing : composure :: tedious : energy

discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous(#)

disgruntle

v. /

: to make ill-humored or discontented -- usually used as a

discord

n. /

participial adjective

: lack of agreement or harmony (as between persons,

disgruntle refresh

things, or ideas)

disgruntled contented

harmony discord
disguise
discourse

n. /

n/v. /

: to furnish with a false appearance or an assumed identity

: formal and orderly and usually extended expression of

padding : damage :: disguise : recognition

thought on a subject

disguise : alter :: cloak : warm

lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse

disgust
discrepancy

n. /

n/v. : REPUGNANCE

: marked aversion aroused by something highly distasteful

: an instance of divergence or disagreement

blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting

discrepancy convergence

odious : disgust :: menacing : fear

scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection

discretion

n. /

/hurl : disgust

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entrancing disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore

Editor : Juntack Lim

disparate like
disparate alike

dishevel

v.

: to throw into disorder or disarray

dispassionate

adj. /

: not influenced by strong feeling ; not affected by personal or

disinclination

n. /

: a preference for avoiding something

emotional involvement
dispassionate partial/responsive

aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration(>)

aversion : inclination :: ??

dispatch

leaning disinclination

: promptness and efficiency in performance or transmission

n/v. /

dispatch leisureliness
disinfect

v. /

: to free from infection especially by destroying harmful

disposal

microorganisms

: systematic destruction;

oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect

transformation of garbage

n.
especially :destruction or

recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition

disinterested

adj. / : UNBIASED

: free from selfish motive or interest

disquiet

factional disinterested

: to take away the peace or tranquility of

inequity disinterestedness

disquiet put at ease

disjointed

disrupt

adj. [, ]

v. : DISTURB, ALARM

v.

: lacking coherence or orderly sequence

: to throw into disorder

disjointed consistent

saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend

disjunctive

adj.

dissect

v.

: marked by breaks or disunity

: to analyze and interpret minutely

nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity

specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse

dislodge

v. [,]

dissemble

v. / : SIMULATE

: to remove or force out from a position or dwelling

: to hide under a false appearance ; to put on the appearance

previously occupied

of

ensconce dislodge

dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness

dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling

dismantle

v. /[]

: to take to pieces; also : to destroy the integrity or

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen

ingenuous : dissemble :: polite : snub

functioning of
dismantle : wholeness :: ??

disseminate

dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine

: to spread abroad as though sowing seed

v.

disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment

dismiss

v.

disseminate garner

: to refuse to accept or recognize

dismiss sanction

dissension

n.

: difference of opinion
disparage

v. / : DECRY

concord dissension

: to depreciate by indirect means (as invidious

comparison)

dissent

: speak slightingly about

: to differ in opinion or feeling

scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore

dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group

v.

{adulate : flatter} !
epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead

dissertation

n.

aggrandize disparage
champion disparage

dissipate

extol disparage

: to break up and scatter or vanish

v. []/

: to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure

disparate

adj.

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)

: containing or made up of fundamentally different and

dissipate : stir :: ?? (#)

often incongruous elements

accumulation dissipation

disparate similar/analogous

dissipate accumulate

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dissipate gather
amass dissipate

distort

v.

: to twist out of the true meaning or proportion

dissociate

v.

brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature

: to separate from association or union with another

affiliation dissociation

distract

v.

: to draw or direct (as one's attention) to a different object or

dissolute

adj.

: lacking restraint;

in different directions at the same time

especially :marked by indulgence in

things

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract

rapt distracted

libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious

ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine

distraught

/humorous : wag

: agitated with doubt or mental conflict

voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness

troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)

adj. /

distraught composed
dissolve

v.

: to cause to pass into solution

ditch

clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed

: a long narrow excavation dug in the earth

coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve

ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern

dissonance

ditty

n.

n.

n.

: lack of agreement

: an especially simple and unaffected song

: inconsistency between the beliefs one holds or

fable : tale :: ditty : song

between one's actions and one's beliefs

dissonance concord

diurnal

adj.

: of, relating to, or occurring in the daytime

dissuade

v.

diurnal nocturnal

: to advise (a person) against something

: to turn from something by persuasion

diverge

remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehensibility : censure

: to move or extend in different directions from a common point

remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

: to turn aside from a path or course

dissuade abet

ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

dissuade enhance

diverge : apart :: traverse : across

v. /

diverge : apart :: involve : among

distal

adj. [,]

confluence divergence

: situated away from the point of attachment or origin or

a central point especially of the body

divert

proximal distal

: to turn from one course or use to another

v. : DEFLECT

divert : shunt :: retard : brake

distend

v. /

: SWELL

: to enlarge from internal pressure

divestiture

: to become expanded

: the act of divesting

distend condense

divestiture acquisition

distillation

divulge

n.

n.

v.

: the process of purifying a liquid by successive

: to make known (as a confidence or secret)

evaporation and condensation

divulge keep secret

synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity

distill : purity :: leaven : volume

doctrine

n. / : DOGMA

: a principle or position or the body of principles in a branch of

distinction

n. /

knowledge or system of belief

: the quality or state of being distinguishable

doctrine : heretical :: course : errant

nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion

doctrine : heterodox :: course : errant

nebulous distinct
repute lack of distinction

dodder

v.

: to progress feebly and unsteadily

distinguished

adj.

dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly

: marked by eminence, distinction, or excellence

eminent undistinguished

doff

44

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: to remove (an article of wear) from the body

doff don

dote

v.

: to be lavish or excessive in one's attention, fondness, or

dogged

adj. /

: marked by stubborn determination

affection
upbraid : reproach :: dote : like(>)

dogged yielded
dogged easily discouraged

dour

adj. // : STERN, HARSH

: harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance

doggerel

adj/n. /

: stubbornly unyielding

: loosely styled and irregular in measure especially for

dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness(#)

burlesque or comic effect

dour : tractable :: bumptious : humbleness(#)

doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play

dour congenial/genial

doggerel : poem :: sketch : drawing

voluble dour

doggo

adv.

downpour

n.

: in hiding

: a heavy rain

doggo : instability :: ??

downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion

dogma

doyen

n. /

n.

: something held as an established opinion

: the senior member of a body or group

dogma heresy

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated

doldrums

n. /

doze

v.

: state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or slump

: to sleep lightly and intermittently

doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue

doze : sleep :: nudge : prod(<)

dolorous

adj.

draconian

adj. / : CRUEL, SEVERE

: causing, marked by, or expressing misery or grief

: exceedingly harsh; very severe

dolorous jubilant

draconian : inclemency :: fretful : vexation

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity

dolt

n.

draconian indulgent/mild

: a stupid person

draconian lenient

wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid

draw
domination

n.

v. (,,)

draw : penchant :: ??

: supremacy or preeminence over another

gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination

drawl

impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued

: to utter in a slow lengthened tone

inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest

inch : move :: drawl : speak

v.

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive

domineering

adj.

/drawl : slow

/bluster : loud

/prate : aimless

: tending to domineer; overbearing

dreary
don

v. /

: to put on (an article of clothing)

adj. : GLOOMY, DISMAL

: having nothing likely to provide cheer, comfort, or interest

jocund dreary

doff don
drivel
donor

n.

v.

: to utter in an infantile or imbecilic way

: one that gives, donates, or presents something

nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast

legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor

exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel

doodle

drizzle

v.

n.

: do an aimless or casual scribble, design, or sketch

: a fine misty rain

draw : doodle :: travel : ramble

deluge drizzle

walk : amble :: draw : doodle

droll
dose

n/v. 1 /

adj.

: having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality

dose : medicine :: ration : food

grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh

dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment

droll grave

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eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal

droplet

n.

: a tiny drop (as of a liquid)

earmark

droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

: to designate (as funds) for a specific use or owner

v. [ ]

earmark: funds :: schedule : time

drudgery

n.

: dull, irksome, and fatiguing work

earnest

: uninspiring or menial labor

: characterized by or proceeding from an intense and serious

drudgery rewarding work

state of mind

adj.

facetious earnest
dryad

n. : WOOD NYMPH
earplug

dubious

adj.

n.

: device of pliable material for insertion into the outer opening

: questionable or suspect as to true nature or quality

of the ear (as to keep out water or deaden sound)

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction

earplug : noise :: shield : impact

dubious certain

shield : shaft :: earplug : noise

dulcet

adj.

earshot

n.

: pleasing to the ear

: the range within which the unaided voice may be heard

cacophonous dulcet/euphonious

earshot : hear :: ken : see

off-key dulcet
earsplitting
dull

adj. /

adj.

: distressingly loud or shrill

: lacking brilliance or luster

earsplitting : voice :: ??

: arousing no interest or curiosity

tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth

earthshaking

brilliance dullness

CONSEQUENTIAL

perspicuous dull

: of great importance

resplendent dull

earthshaking trivial/inconsequential

adj. : MOMENTOUS,

trenchant vague/dull
eavesdrop
dullard

n.

: a stupid or unimaginative person

dupe

v.

: to listen secretly to the private conversation of others

n/v. /~ : FOOL

hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow

ebb

v. //

: one that is easily deceived or cheated

: to recede from the flood

: to deceive (an unwary person)

: to fall from a higher to a lower level or from a better to a

reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe

worse state

callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity

escalate ebb

perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist

ebullience
dwelling

n.

n. : EXUBERANCE

: the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts or

: a shelter (as a house) in which people live

feelings

deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling

ebullience impassiveness/lifelessness

potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling

ebullience torpor
ebullient torpid

dynamo

n.

: a generator, especially one for producing direct current

eccentric

dynamo : retard :: ??

: an eccentric person

n.

hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional

dyspeptic

adj. : INDIGESTION

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated

: of or displaying a morose disposition

genial dyspeptic

echelon

n.

: one of a series of levels or grades in an organization or field of

activity
E

echelon : hierarchy :: ??
clat

eaglet

n.

n.

: brilliant or conspicuous success

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clat fiasco
effulgent
eclectic

adj.

: selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines,

adj. : BRILLIANT

: radiant splendor
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)

methods, or styles
effusive
eclipse

n.

adj. /

: characterized or formed by a nonexplosive outpouring of lava

: a falling into obscurity or decline

gush : effusive :: rage : irate

eclipse : prestige :: enervation : vigor

emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious

emotion : effusive :: manner : grandiose

ecstatic

adj.

effusive reticent/listless

: of relating to, or marked by ecstasy

pleasure : ecstasy :: surprise : astonishment

egocentric

ecstatic preserved

: concerned with the individual rather than society

adj.

altruism egocentrism
ecumenical

adj. /

: worldwide or general in extent, influence, or

elaborate

application

: marked by complexity, fullness of detail, or ornateness

ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity

: to expand something in detail

diocesan/parochial ecumenical

fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness

provincial/insular ecumenical

equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy

ecumenical circumscribed

abstract elaborate

eddy

n.

elastic

adj/v. /

adj. : FLEXIBLE

: a current of water or air running contrary to the main

: capable of being easily stretched or expanded and resuming

current

former shape

stream : eddy :: trend : anomaly

ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch

elastic : expand :: viable : live

edifice

n.

: a large or massive structure

elated

tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier

: marked by high spirits

buttress : edifice :: splint : limb

elated despondent

blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course

elation dejection

adj. : EXULTANT

elate depress
efface

v.

hangdog elated

: to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous

elation sullenness

alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface(#)

elation wretchedness

blazon efface
efface aggrandize

eleemosynary

efface bring to prominent

: of, relating to, or supported by charity

efface emboss

philanthropist : eleemosynary :: ??

effectual

adj. / : EFFECTIVE

elegant

adj.

adj. : SPLENDID

: producing or able to produce a desired effect

: of a high grade or quality

effectual unproductive

insolent polite elegant

effervesce

v. /

elegy

n.

: to show liveliness or exhilaration

: a song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation especially

effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger

for one who is dead

effervesce be flat

satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow

effervescent still/droop

elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence

elegy : sorrow :: hymnpraise

effete

adj.

: having lost character, vitality, or strength

elephantine

effete hale

: having enormous size or strength

adj. : MASSIVE

microscopic elephantine
effluvium

n.

: a by-product especially in the form of waste

elevate

effluvia desired products

: to raise in rank or status

47

v. : EXALT

KOREA GRE

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debasement elevation
elicit

v.

Editor : Juntack Lim

disembarrassment : engagement :: ??
embed

v.

: to draw forth or bring out

: to enclose closely in or as if in a matrix

evoke fail to elicit

waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)

embed extract

elitism

n.

: leadership or rule by an elite

embezzle

v.

: to appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care)

ellipsis

n.

apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence

fraudulently to one's own use

embezzle : funds :: usurp : power
nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud

elliptical

adj.

smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate

: of or relating to deliberate obscurity (as of literary or

conversational style)

embolden

elliptical palpable

: to instill with boldness or courage

v.

appall embolden/nerve
elongate

v.

embolden abash/faze/cow

: to extend the length of

boggle embolden

elongate shorten/truncate

embolden daunt

elude

v. /

embrace

n/v. / : HUG

: to avoid adroitly

: a close encircling with the arms and pressure to the bosom

: to escape the perception, understanding, or grasp of

especially as a sign of affection

: to take up especially readily or gladly

elucidate

v.

embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference

: to give a clarifying explanation

abrogate embrace

garble elucidate

eschew embrace

obfuscate elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly

abjure embrace/espouse

emaciate

spurn court/crave/embrace

ostracize include/embrace
v. /

: to cause to lose flesh so as to become very thin

emaciate invigorate

emigrate

v.

: to leave one's place of residence or country to live elsewhere

emanate

v.

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification(#)

: to come out from a source

eminence
emancipate

v.

n. /

: one that is eminent, prominent, or lofty

: to free from restraint, control, or the power of

master/maven : experience :: luminary : eminence

another; especially : to free from bondage

eminent undistinguished

emancipate shackle
emancipation bondage

emit

emancipate lasso

: to give or send out (matter or energy)

v.

emit absorb
embargo

n.

: a legal prohibition on commerce

emollient

embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact

: something that softens or soothes

n. ()

emollient : soothe :: dynamo : generate

embark

v.

emollient : suppleness :: desiccant: dryness

: to make a start
conclude embark on

emphasis

debut : career :: embarkment : journey

: special consideration of or stress or insistence on something

n.

underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership

embarrass

v.

: to place in doubt, perplexity, or difficulties

empty-handed

catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)

: having acquired or gained nothing

adj. /

embarrass : shame :: console : comfort

unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded :

emulate

announcement

: strive to equal or excel

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KOREA GRE

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emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary

transitory : endure :: immutable : change

emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon

transitory enduring

emulous

enervate

adj.

: eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another

v.

: to lessen the vitality or strength of

enervation : vitality :: debase : value

enact

v.

curtail : period :: enervate : energy

: to establish by legal and authoritative act;

eclipse : prestige :: enervation/enfeeble : vigor

specifically :to make (as a bill) into law

dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength

rescission enactment

enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve

enervate invigorate

enamel

n.

enervate fortify/strengthen

: a hard calcareous substance that forms a thin layer

capping the teeth

enfeeble

enamel : tooth :: bark : tree

: to make feeble; deprive of strength

skin/rind : apple :: bark : tree

eclipse : prestige :: enervation/enfeeble : vigor

corn : husk :: orange : rind

enfeeble invigorate

v.

tonic enfeebling
enclosure

n.

: something that encloses

enfranchise

stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support

: to set free (as from slavery)

v. /

: to endow with a franchise

encomium

n.

enfranchise : vote :: license : practice

: glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise

enfranchise enfetter

encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil

enfranchise subjugate

encomium harsh criticism

engender
encompass

v. / : ENCLOSE

: to constitute or include

v. : PRODUCE

: to cause to exist or to develop

quash engender

encompass exclude
engross
encounter

n.

v. [,] /

: to take or engage the whole attention of

: to come upon face-to-face

engrossed : absorbed :: intimate : close(=)

circumlocution direct encounter

enigmatic
encumbrance

n. : IMPEDIMENT

adj. / : MYSTERIOUS

: of, relating to, or resembling an enigma

: something that encumbers

enigmatic : simplistic :: ??

encumber remove impediment

enigmatic broadly known

enigmatic readily understandable

encyclopedia

n.

: a comprehensive reference work containing articles on

enlarger

a wide range of subjects or on numerous aspects of a

: to become larger

particular field, usually arranged alphabetically

enlarger shorten

v. []

encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective

encyclopedia : compendious :: summary : condensed

enlighten

encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract :

: to furnish knowledge to

concise/condensed

equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten

endorse

v. /

: to approve openly

especially :to express support or

ennoble

v. : INSTRUCT

v. : ELEVATE

: to make noble

approval of publicly and definitely

rider : bill :: endorsement : policy

ennui

endow : income :: endorse : approval

: a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction

endorse oppose publicly

ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic

impugn endorse

ennui : enthusiastic :: somnolence : alert

n. / : BOREDOM

ennui energy/enthusiasm
enduring

adj. : LASTING, DURABLE

ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch

ennui keen interest

ennui exuberance

ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living

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KOREA GRE
enrapture

Fifth Edition

v. : RAPTURE

: to fill with delight or rapture

Editor : Juntack Lim

enumerate

v. : LIST

: to specify one after another

enraptured indifferent
enraptured distracted

enunciate

v. : ARTICULATE

: to make a definite or systematic statement of

ensconce

v. [, ] /

: to settle (oneself) securely or comfortably

waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)

enunciate mumble

: to place or conceal in a secure place

ensconce dislodge

envision

v. /

: to picture in the mind

enslave

v. : SUBJUGATE

: to reduce to or as if to slavery

ephemeral

manumit enslave

: lasting a very short time

adj.

convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience

ensuing

adj.

ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch

: to take place afterward or as a result

ephemeral : transience :: permanent : perpetually(=)

anterior ensuing

repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure(#)

follow : , .

ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility(#)

ensue, result : . ensue .

ephemeral permanent/perpetual

succeed : .
epic adj. /
entangle

v.

: to wrap or twist together

: heroic and impressive in quality

epic modest

disentangle snarl
epicure
enthusiasm

n. : ARDOR

n.

: one with sensitive and discriminating tastes especially in food

: strong excitement of feeling

or wine

: something inspiring zeal or fervor

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching

ennui : enthusiastic :: fervent : apathetic(#)

sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating

enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia

discerner : acute :: epicure : discrimating

reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(>)

ennui energy/enthusiasm

epigram

n.

: a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a

entice

v. / : TEMPT

single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn

: to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or

of thought

desire

exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram

command : entreaty :: goad : enticement(>)

paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise

enticing : tempt :: affectionate : love

formidable enticing

epilogue

n. : CODA

: a concluding section that rounds out the design of a literary

entrance

v.

dessert : meal :: epilogue : play

: to carry away with delight, wonder, or rapture

dessert : meal :: coda : sonata

entrancing disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore

terminus : stop :: epilogue : story

unprepossessing entrancing/winsome

epilogue : prose:: finale : music

preface epilogue

entrap

v.

: to catch in or as if in a trap

epistemology

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied

: the study or a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge

vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled

especially with reference to its limits and validity

n.

aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge

entreaty

n. / : PLEA

: an act of entreating

epitomize

command : entreaty :: goad : enticement

: to serve as the typical or ideal example of

v. /

protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat

equable
entry

n.

adj. []/

: marked by lack of noticeable, unpleasant, or extreme

: a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index)

variation or inequality

journal : entries :: run : performance

equable intemperate

50

KOREA GRE
equipoise

Fifth Edition

n.

Editor : Juntack Lim

erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect

: a state of equilibrium

prescience : future :: erudition : esoterica

equipoise : vacillate :: ??

outspoken : saucy :: erudite : pedantic

erudite smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered

equity

n. /

erudite ignorant/unlettered

: justice according to natural law or right; specifically :

erudite illiterate

freedom from bias or favoritism

erudition extremely ignorance

illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution

equitable discriminatory/unfair

escalate

v.

: to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or

equivocal

adj.

scope

: subject to two or more interpretations and usually

escalate diminish

used to mislead or confuse

escalate ebb

equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth

equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten

eschew

equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed

: to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds

equivocation : misleading :: clich : hackneyed

eschew embrace

v. ( ) : SHUN

equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense

equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity

esoteric

equivocation : truth :: delicacy : offence

: designed for or understood by the specially initiated alone

equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous

esoteric common accepted

equivocate : commitment :: procrastinate : action

esoteric generally known

adj. /

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal

fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness

espouse

grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive

: to take up and support as a cause

amorphous : shape :: equivocal : meaning

: to take in marriage

v. /

waffle speak unequivocally

lurkconcealment :: espousemarriage

equivocate communicate straightforwardly

abjure embrace/espouse

equivocation clarity
esteem
erect

adj/v. /

n. /

: to set a high value on

: vertical in position

: regard highly and prize accordingly

: to fix in an upright position

esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribe

suspend erect

desire : covet :: esteem : idolize(<)

prostrate erect

stigma mark of esteem

slouch stand erect

odium esteem
esteem abomination

erode

v.

respect : .

: to diminish or destroy by degrees

esteem : .

accrete : growth :: erode : destruction

reverence : .

downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion

veneration : .

gully : erosion :: callus : friction

singe : incineration :: erode : destruction

estimable

deposit process of eroding

: deserving of esteem

adj.

estimable contemptible
errant

adj. /

: deviating from a standard (as of truth or propriety)

estrange

amorphous : shape :: errant : course

: to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in where

doctrine : heretical :: course : errant

there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness

v. : ALIENATE

estrangement rapprochement
erratic

adj. / : WANDERING

: having no fixed or regular course; wandering.

etch

: lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity

: a chemical agent used in etching

: deviating from the customary course in conduct or

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive

v. ()

opinion
heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent

ethereal

adj. / : IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE

: lacking material substance

erudite

adj. :LEARNED

: possessing or displaying erudition

ethereal material/ponderous
ponderous ethereal/gossamer/lively

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ethereal worldly

Editor : Juntack Lim

:: everlasting/interminable : duration
everlasting ephemeral

ethics

n.

: the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and

evict

with moral duty and obligation

: to put (a tenant) out by legal process

logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior

deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling

v. : EXPEL

evict : residence :: banish : country

eulogize

v. : EXTOL

harbor evict

: to speak or write in high praise of

encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil

evince

panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize

: to show or demonstrate clearly

eulogy : admiration :: hymn : praise

evince keep hidden

v.

quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech

eulogize pan

evoke

eulogy stricture

: to call forth or up

v.

to bring to mind or recollection

euphemism

n.

: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive

evoke fail to elicit

evoke repress

expression for one that may offend or suggest

something unpleasant

exacerbate

equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense

: to make more violent, bitter, or severe

/obfuscation : clarity

palliate/mitigate exacerbate

v.

euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure

euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse

exacting

adj. /

: tryingly or unremittingly severe in making demands

euphonious

adj.

: requiring careful attention and precision

: pleasing or agreeable to the ear

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied

cacophonous dulcet/euphonious

vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled

euphoria

n.

exaggerate

v. : OVEREMPHASIZE

: a feeling of well-being or elation

: to enlarge or increase especially beyond the normal

satisfaction : euphoria :: ??

anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole

exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram

evacuate

v. /

: to relinquish military possession or occupation of (a

malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole

pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

town, for example)

: to withdraw or send away (troops or inhabitants) from

exalt

a threatened area

: to elevate by praise or in estimation

evacuate conquer

exalt : satisfaction :: bore : weariness(=)

v. (,)/ : GLORIFY

exaltation condemnation
evade

v.

: to avoid answering directly ; turn aside

exalt pillory
exalted humble

evade : answer :: goldbrick : work

exasperate
evanescent

adj. /

v. : ENRAGE

: to excite the anger of

: tending to vanish like vapor

evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency

excavate

evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield

: to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering

v. ~ /

{transparent : penetrate} !

excavate fill in

evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate

cacophonous dulcet/euphonious

exceptional

abiding evanescent

: deviating from the norm

adj.

prosaic exceptional/imaginary/exciting
evasive

adj.

: tending or intended to evade

excerpt

n. : EXTRACT

: a passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a

everlasting

adj. : ETERNAL

: lasting or enduring through all time

literary or musical composition, a document, or a film

aside : digression :: summary : excerpt

countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number

52

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exclaim

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

v. (,)

: to express or utter (something) suddenly or

exempt

vehemently

: free or released from some liability or requirement to which

exclaim : utter :: flare : shine(>)

others are subject

v.

exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty

excoriate

v.

: to censure scathingly

exert

excoriate extol/praise lavishly

: to bring to bear especially with sustained effort or lasting

v. /

effect
excrete

v. /

: to separate and eliminate or discharge (waste) from

exhaust

the blood or tissues or from the active protoplasm

: to consume entirely

stomach : ingest :: lung : respiration

: to treat completely; cover thoroughly

excrete ingest

infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap

v. / : USE UP

exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting

excruciating

adj.

: intensely painful

exhilarate

gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful(>)

: to make cheerful

v.

exhilarate sadden
exculpate

v.

: to clear from alleged fault or guilt

exhortation

exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir(=)

: language intended to incite and encourage

hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve(=)

exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit

alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory(=)

exhortative : urge :: didactic : teach

alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive

exhortative : motivation :: grating : irksomeness

exculpate inculpate

exhortation : motivate :: obloquy : discredit

excursive

exodus

adj.

n.

v. : EMIGRATION

: of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of

: a mass departure

digression

exodus influx

digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant

exonerate
execrate

v. / : DENOUNCE

v.

: to clear from accusation or blame

: to declare to be evil or detestable

exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarl

execratedenounce :: exemplifyimitate

exoneration : blame : veto : assent

execrable commendable/laudable

exonerate censure

execration sanction

exonerate inculpate

execrate exalt

incrimination exoneration

execrate extol
execrate laud

exorbitant

adj. /

: exceeding in intensity, quality, amount, or size the customary

execute

v.

: to carry out fully

or appropriate limits
exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty

: put completely into effect

impossible : execute :: adamant : move

exotic

vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute

: from another part of the world

adj. /

: strikingly, excitingly, or mysteriously different or unusual

exemplary

adj. : COMMENDABLE

exotic indigenous

: deserving imitation
emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary

expansive

exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame

: characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness to talk

exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard

expansive reserved/diffident

exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence

expansive malicious

exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt

expansive taciturn/withdrawn/limited

exemplify

expedite

v. ~

adj. : OPEN

v.

: to be an instance of or serve as an example

: to accelerate the process or progress of

harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify

expedite : process :: accelerate : pace

corrective : amends :: paradigm : exemplify

maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging(#)

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Fifth Edition

expedite retard
expedition

n. : SPEED

Editor : Juntack Lim

extinction perpetuation
extinguish

v. : QUENCH

: efficient promptness

: to cause to cease burning

expedition foot dragging

extinguish kindle
ignite extinguish

expire

v. : DIE

: to breathe one's last breath

extol

expire come to life

: to praise highly

v. : GLORIFY

deprecate extol
explicate

v.

: to give a detailed explanation of ; analyze logically

excoriate extol/praise lavishly

extol censure/despise/vilify
extol disparage

explicit

adj. /

: fully revealed or expressed without vagueness,

extol condemn/impugn/detract
extol malign

implication, or ambiguity
explicit obscure

extort

immanent explicit

: to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or undue or

v. : WRING

illegal power
exponent

n.

: one that champions, practices, or exemplifies

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation

extort : obtain :: ??

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

extraneous
expurgate

v. []

adj. //

: not forming an essential or vital part

: to cleanse of something morally harmful, offensive, or

: having no relevance

erroneous

apposite extraneous

: to expunge objectionable parts from before publication

extraneous essential

or presentation

extraneous intuitive

vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

extravagant
extant

adj.

adj. /

: spending much more than necessary

: currently or actually existing

: lacking in moderation, balance, and restraint

extant extinct

rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue

extant lost

frugality extravagancy

extant missing

extravagant parsimonious

extant destroyed
extricate
extemporize

v.

v. ()

: to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty

: to do or perform (something) without prior preparation

or practice

extrovert

juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization :

: a gregarious and unreserved person

spontaneous

extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting

n.

extemporization : rehearsal :: honesty : guilt(#)

extemporize follow a script

exuberant

adj. /

: joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic

extenuate

v. / : MITIGATE

: produced in extreme abundance

: to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent

ennui exuberance

of by making partial excuses

soaked/drenched : wet/damp :: exuberant : happy(>)

moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness

buffer : impact :: extenuate : circumstance
extenuating aggravating

exude v.
: to undergo diffusion
exude absorb

exterminate

v.

: to get rid of completely usually by killing off

exultant

adj. : JUBILANT

: filled with or expressing great joy or triumph

extinct

adj.

exult : satisfaction :: crave : longing

: no longer existing

abject exultant

extant extinct

dejected exultant

extinct resuscitated

54

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

faint

adj. /

: lacking strength or vigor : performed, offered, or

accomplished weakly or languidly
fable

n.

stentorian faint

fable : tale :: ditty : song

fainthearted
fabricate

v.

adj. : TIMID

: lacking courage or resolution

: to make up for the purpose of deception

discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic(#)

fallacy

irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous

: a statement or an argument based on a false or invalid

n. /

inference
facetious

adj. / :

disabuse : fallacy :: cure : disease

WAGGISH

fallacy valid argument/valid reasoning

: meant to be humorous or funny ; not serious

verifiable fallacious

facetious : speech :: antic : behavior

fallacious sound/valid/veritable

facetious earnest
facetious lugubrious

falsehood

n.

: absence of truth or accuracy

facile

adj. / : SPECIOUS,

corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood

SUPERFICIAL
: readily manifested, together with an aura of insincerity

falter

and lack of depth

: to hesitate in purpose or action

: easily accomplished or attained

falter : act :: stammer : speak

v.

facile : profundity :: ??
facile profound

fantasy

shallowness profundity

: imaginative fiction featuring especially strange settings and

arduous facile

grotesque

n. /

nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy(=)

facilitate

v.

imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic(>)

: to make easier ; help bring about

facilitate impeding

fanatic

obstruct facilitate

: marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical

hamper facilitate

devotion

facilitate thwart

fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent(>)

n.

fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper(>)

faction

n. / : CLIQUE

: a party or group (as within a government) that is often

far-fetched

contentious or self-seeking

: not easily or naturally deduced or introduced

expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism

far-fetched natural

adj. : IMPROBABLE

consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion(#)

law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism

farce

factional disinterested

: ridiculous or empty show

faction unity

farce : performance :: limerick : poem

factorable

fascinate

adj. /

n.

v.

: enable to resolve into factors

: to hold an intense interest or attraction for

factorable irreducible

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)

fade

v. // : WITHER,

fast

n/adj. //

VANISH

: the act to eat sparingly or abstain from some foods

: to lose freshness, strength, or vitality

: firmly fixed or fastened

: to sink away

: fixed firmly in place

fast : eat :: respite : labor

fail-safe

n.

fast : eat :: moratorium : activity

: incorporating some feature for automatically

fast loosely attach

counteracting the effect of an anticipated possible

fastness unsecured place

source of failure

fastness deliberate action

fail-safe : malfunction :: ??

55

KOREA GRE
fasten

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

v. /

: to attach especially by pinning, tying, or nailing

feckless

lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten

INEFFECTIVE

adj. // : WEAK,

: lacking purpose or vitality

fastidious

adj.

: careless and irresponsible

: having high and often capricious standards : difficult to

feckless responsible

please

feckless responsive

: showing or demanding excessive delicacy or care

devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious(<)

fecund

fastidious : outshine :: recalcitrant : resist

: capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful.

dapper : fastidious :: ??

: marked by intellectual productivity

adj. : PROLIFIC

fastidious coarse
fastidious easygoing/cursory/uncritical

feeble

adj.

: markedly lacking in strength

fateful

adj.

: involving momentous consequences

: indicating weakness
hardy tender/feeble

fateful inconsequential
feign
fathom

v. /

v. ~ / : PRETEND, DISSEMBLE

: to give a false appearance of

: to measure by a sounding line

: induce as a false impression

: to penetrate and come to understand

: to assert as if true

erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect

virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned

measurable unfathomable

feigned plainspoken

occult bare/patent/readily fathomable

fender
fatigue

n.

fatigue : rest :: dehydration : water

n.

: a device that protects

fender : collision :: ??

guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose

indefatigable soon tired

feral

adj. : WILD

: not domesticated or cultivated

factitious

adj.

feral cultivated

: produced by humans rather than by natural forces

ferment
fatuous

adj. / : SILLY

: complacently or inanely foolish

n. / : AGITATION

: a state of unrest
ferment tranquility

fatuous astute
fertilize
fawn

v/n. /

: to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner

v.

: to make fertile
fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist

: a young deer
adulate : fawn :: woo : adorn(>)

fervid

condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn(=)

: marked by great passion or zeal

imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger

fervid restrained

fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger

fervid impassive

adj. r

fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness

fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy

fervor

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen

: intensity of feeling or expression

sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine

ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic

obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield

fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift

parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn

fervor : zealot :: doubt : skeptic

reprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn

zealotry lack of fervor

eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal

fervor/favor indifference

n.

fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful

fetid
faze

v. / : DISCONCERT,

adj.

: having a heavy offensive smell

DAUNT

grating : sound :: fetid : smell

: to disturb the composure of

fetid : smell :: ugly : appearance

embolden abash/faze/cow
fazed undisturbed

fetter

56

n/v. ()

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: to restrain from motion, action, or progress

enfranchise enfetter

flaccid

liberalistic enfetterist

: not firm or stiff

fetter release

flaccidity firmness

adj. /

fetter loose
flagging
fiasco

n.

: a complete failure

adj. / : LANGUID, WEAK

flagging thriving/vibrant
flag wax

fiasco a notable success/clat

flam
fictitious

adj. : IMAGINARY

: of, relating to, or characteristic of fiction

n. /

: a lie or hoax
flam true story

fictitious factual
flamboyant
fidget

v.

adj. /

: marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful display

: to move or act restlessly or nervously

or behavior

fidget : nervousness :: cringe : dread

furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve

flamboyant understated/subdued(1)

fidelity

n. /

flamboyant natural(2)

: the quality or state of being faithful

respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity(#)

flange

apostasy fidelity

: a projecting edge of cloth used for decoration on clothing

figurative

flannel

adj. : EMBLEMATIC

n. /

n.

: representing by a figure or resemblance

: outer garments of flannel

figurative literal

flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric

filibuster

flatter

n.

v.

: the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged

: to praise excessively especially from motives of self-interest

speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative

flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness(>)

action

sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation

filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce

scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore

filibuster : delay :: anodyne : relieve

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation

toady : flatter :: ??

filigree

n. [/] []

castigate flatter

: an intricate, delicate, or fanciful ornamentation

chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy

flaw

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy

: a defect in physical structure or form

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : intricacy

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense

n.

impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile(#)

filly

n.

filly : horse :: pullet : chicken

flax

n.

clay : porcelain :: flax : linen

filter

n.

winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities

fledge

v. /

: to acquire the feathers necessary for flight or independent

finch

n.

: any of numerous songbirds having a short stout

activity
fledging molt

usually conical bill adapted for crushing seeds

finch : bird :: arboretum : tree

fleeting

adj.

: passing swiftly
finesse

n. /

: skillful handling of a situation : adroit maneuvering

fleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise

perennial fleeting

gauche : finesse :: spontaneousplanning(#)

finesse ineptitude

flexible

adj. : PLIANT, TRACTABLE

: yielding to influence
finicky

adj.

: characterized by a ready capability to adapt to new, different,

: extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous

or changing requirements

in taste or standards

adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control

57

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty(=)

static : moving :: pliable : inflexible(#)

flout

flexibility : spinelessness :: courage : daredevilry(<)

: to treat with contemptuous disregard

calcification flexibility

flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge

v. / : SCORN

flexible mulish
fluctuate
flit

v.

v. /

: to shift back and forth uncertainly

: to pass quickly or abruptly from one place or condition

: to vary irregularly

to another

pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation

flit : move :: blurb : utter

partial : equalize :: constant : fluctuate(#)

flinch

v. /

fluent

adj. : POLISHED

: to start or wince involuntarily, as from surprise or pain

fluent : glib :: humorous : wry

: to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficult

fluent halting

grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch

fluke

stoic flinch

: a stroke of luck

n. /

fluke predicted occurrence

flint

n.

pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen

flush

v.

: to flow and spread suddenly and freely

flippancy

n. / : PERT

galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush

: unbecoming levity or pertness especially in respect to

grave or sacred matters

fluster

: lacking proper respect or seriousness

: to put into a state of agitated confusion

flip : respect :: nonchalant : concern

flustered calm

v. : UPSET

flip : sincerity :: solicitous : ?

flippancy seriousness

fluvial

flippancy gravity

fluvial : river :: sidereal : star

adj.

flippancy sobriety
flippant reverential

foible

n. / : WEAKNESS

: a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior

flirt

n/v. //

squabble : dispute :: foible : failing(<)

: to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures

tiff : squabble :: foible : failing(<)

: to move abruptly or jerkily

squabble : quarrel :: foible : failing

: one given to flirting

flirt : decency :: ??

foil

supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious

foil : metal :: veneer : wood

flit

v.

: to move about rapidly and nimbly

n/v. /

foliage

n.

plumage : bird :: foliage : bush

flit : move :: blurt : utter

flit plod

folly

n.

: a foolish act or idea

flock

n/v. /

folly sagacity

: a group of birds or mammals assembled or herded

together

foment

clique : intimates :: flock : sheep

: to promote the growth or development of

herd : animals :: flock : birds

conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate

flock segregate

disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment

v. : ROUSE, INCITE

defuse foment
flounder

v. /

foment inhibit

: to proceed or act clumsily or ineffectually

foment pacify

flounder : process :: ??

quell foment/instigate/rouse

flounder slide

squelch foment

flourish

fondness

v. : THRIVE

n.

: to grow luxuriantly

: tender affection

flourish wither/waste away

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)

58

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Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

vitiate fortify
foolhardy

adj. : RASH

enervate fortify/strengthen

: foolishly adventurous and bold

foster
footloose

adj.

: having no attachments or ties

v. : ENCOURAGE

: to promote the growth and development of

foster stifle

dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment

footloose attached

founder

v/n. / : SINK

: to sink below the surface of the water

forbidding

adj.

: having a menacing aspect

: one that founds or establishes

foundation : building :: roottree
founder stay aloft

forebear

n.

founder afloat

forebear descendants
foundry
ford

n.

n.

: establishment where metal is melted and poured into molds

: a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river,

mill : grain :: foundry : metal

where one can cross by walking or riding on an animal

blacksmith : foundry :: artist : studio

or in a vehicle

blacksmith : foundry :: chemist : lab

ford : river :: pass : mountain

fracture
forestall

v.

v. : RUPTURE, TEAR

cement fracture

: to exclude, hinder, or prevent by prior occupation or

measures

fragile

forestall abet

: easily broken or destroyed

adj.

fragile : break :: porous : penetrate

forestry

n.

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty

tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture

forest : tree :: fur : hair

frail

adj. / : FRAGILE

: easily broken or destroyed

foreword

n.

frail not easy to crumb

: prefatory comments (as for a book) especially when

written by someone other than the author

fraternize

foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate

: to associate with others in a brotherly or congenial way

v.

fraternizing unrelated to
forgery

n.

: the act of forging, especially the illegal production of

fraudulent

something counterfeit

: characterized by, based on, or done by fraud

plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical(#)

adj. : DECEITFUL

hoax : fraudulent :: paragon : excellent

formidable

adj. /

: causing fear, dread, or apprehension

freelancer

: tending to inspire awe or wonder

: a person who pursues a profession without a long-term

formidable comforting

commitment to any one employer

formidable simple

nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer

n.

formidable reassuring
formidable enticing

freewheel

v.

: to move, live, or play freely or irresponsibly

forthright

adj. /

: free from ambiguity or evasiveness

frenetic

: going straight to the point

: wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied

acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile

energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate(<)

furtive open/forthright/brassy

frenetic ?

adj.

forthright backhanded
frenzy
fortify

v. : ENCOURAGE

n. /

: a violent mental or emotional agitation

: to give physical strength, courage, or endurance to

convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion

: to add mental or moral strength to

calm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous(#)

debilitated fortified

calmness : frenzy :: abandon : inhibition

59

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fresco

Fifth Edition

n.

fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor

Editor : Juntack Lim

full-bodied

adj.

: imparting to the palate the general impression of substantial

weight and rich texture

fret

v. /

full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound

: to become vexed or worried

draconian : inclemency :: fretting : vexation(=)

full-fledged

fret assuage

COMPLETE

fretful pleasing

: fully developed

fretful conforming

: having attained complete status

adj. / : TOTAL,

full-fledged defective
friable

adj.

: easily crumbled or pulverized

fulminate

friable : crumble :: malleable : alter

: to send forth censures or invectives

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)

fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter(>)

v.

friable not easily crumbled/resistance to be

pulverized

fulsome

adj. ( )/

: excessively complimentary or flattering

friction

n.

courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness(<)

: the rubbing of one body against another

abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration

fungi

n.

fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

frieze

n. ()

: a heavy durable coarse wool and shoddy fabric with a

furnace

rough surface

: an enclosed structure in which heat is produced

frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript

furnace : heat :: generator : electricity

frigid

adj.

furor

n. []

n. /

: extremely cold

: general commotion; public disorder or uproar.

soaking : damp :: frigid : cool(>)

: violent anger; frenzy.

sweltering frigid

: fashion adopted enthusiastically by the public; a fad.

: state of intense excitement or ecstasy

frivolous

adj. /

furor serenity

: lacking in seriousness
: marked by unbecoming levity

furtive

frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion

CLANDESTINE

frivolous somber/grave/lugubrious

: done by stealth

adj. / : SURREPTITIOUS,

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive

frothy

adj. /

frothy weighty

/discontent : unsatisfied
furtive : open :: flippant : reserved
furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve

frowzy

adj. /

: having a slovenly or uncared-for appearance

furtive open/forthright/brassy
furtively candidly

dapper frowzy
frowzy original/striking

fury

n.

: intense, disordered, and often destructive rage

frugal

adj. /

effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger

: characterized by or reflecting economy in the use of

resources

fuss

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)

: to create or be in a state of restless activity ; to shower

v. /

frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic(<)

flattering attentions

frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober

assert : belabor :: tend : fuss(<)

frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<)

garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful(>)

frugality extravagancy
fusty
frustrate

v.

: to balk or defeat in an endeavor

adj.

: rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary

fusty fresh

: to induce feelings of discouragement in

frustrate abet

futility

60

n. / : USELESSNESS

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: the quality or state of being futile

bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)

gangling

interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)

: loosely and awkwardly built

adj. : LANKY

futility effectiveness
garble

v.

: to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression or

G

change the meaning

correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible
ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity

gadfly

n. /

: a person who stimulates or annoys especially by

garble elucidate
garble report accurately

persistent criticism
gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse

gargantuan

annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl

: of immense size, volume, or capacity

adj. : GIGANTIC

gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful(>)

gaffe

n. /

minute gargantuan

: a social or diplomatic blunder

: blatant mistake or misjudgment

garish

gaffe : tactless :: ??

: marked by strident color or excessive ornamentation

miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum

garish : color :: ??

illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment

prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful

adj.

stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance

gainsay

v. /

: to declare to be untrue or invalid

fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful(>)

bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful

gainsay affirm
gainsay conform

garment

gainsay confirm

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt

gainsay assent to

hem : garment :: molding : cabinet

gainsay aver

tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment

gait

garner

n.

n.

v. ~

: a manner of walking or moving on foot

gait : walk :: parlance : speak

garrulous

adj.

: given to prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity : pointlessly or

galaxy

n.

annoyingly talkative

: any of the very large groups of stars and associated

garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet(>)

matter that are found throughout the universe

garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful(>)

galaxy : stars :: archipelago : island

garrulous/loquacious : words :: prodigal : money

galling

adj. : VEXING

gash

n.

: causing extreme irritation or chagrin

: a deep narrow depression or cut

gall lull

cleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)

gall calm/assuage
galling placating

gasification

pacify gall

gasification/vaporization solidification

galvanize

v.

gauche

n.

adj. : CRUDE

: to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock

: lacking social experience or grace;

galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush(>)

gauche : finesse :: spontaneousplanning

galvanize lull

cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill

galvanize allay

gaucheness polish

gamble

gaudy

v.

also :not tactful

adj.

: to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior

: ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented

adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble

gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak/language

gambol

gauge

v.

v.

: to leap about playfully

: a measurement (as of linear dimension) according to some

gambol plod

standard or system

61

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

gauge : pressure :: scale : weight

ginger

measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter

ginger : spice :: ??

/gauge : pressure

/plumb : depth
gist

gear

n.

n.

n. : ESSENCE

: the main point or part

: a toothed wheel

gist trivial point

gear : tooth :: screw : thread

glacier
genealogy

n. /

n.

glacial : cold :: profound : deep(>)

: an account of the descent of a person, family, or group

glacial : slow :: ??

from an ancestor or from older forms

glacier : ice :: sea : water

generality

glade

n.

n.

: the quality or state of being general

: an open space surrounded by woods

ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity

oasis : desert :: glade : wood

genial

glamorize

adj.

: marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness

v. : ROMANTICIZE

: to look upon or depict as glamorous

resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality

genial dyspeptic

glance

caustic palliating/genial

peck : kiss :: glance : look

n.

dour congenial/genial
mordant genial

glaze

genial truculent

: to give a smooth lustrous surface to

v. /

glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood

genteel

adj. : POLITE

glaze rumple

: free from vulgarity or rudeness

genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear

glib

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse

: marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to

genteel loutish

the point of being insincere or deceitful

genteel churlish

: lacking depth and substance

adj. ( )/

fluent : glib :: humorous : wry

genuine

adj. / : ACTUAL, TRUE

maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity

genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity

glib taciturn

spurious genuine

glib labored

germane

adj. : FITTING

glimmer

n/v. /

: being at once relevant and appropriate

: to shine faintly or unsteadily

germane irrelevant

: to give off a subdued unsteady reflection

gesture

n.

glisten

v.

: a movement usually of the body or limbs that

: to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection of or as if of a

expresses or emphasizes an idea, sentiment, or attitude

moist or polished surface

parody : style :: mime : gesture

dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere

ghastly

adj.

glitch

n. /

: intensely unpleasant, disagreeable, or objectionable

: a usually minor malfunction

ghastly : unpleasant :: ??

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense

glitch : malfunction/problem :: peccadillo : error

gibe

n/v. /

: to deride or tease with taunting words

gloat

apologize : regret :: gibe : derision

: to observe or think about something with triumphant and

condolence : sympathy/compassion :: gibe : derision

often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight

v.

primp : vain :: gloat : smug

giddy

adj. /

: FRIVOLOUS

: lightheartedly silly

gloomy

giddiness graveness

: low in spirits

giddy serious

despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy

adj. : MELANCHOLY

despondent : depressed :: masterful : skilled(=)

62

KOREA GRE

glorify

Fifth Edition

v.

Editor : Juntack Lim

goodwill

n.

: to cause to be or seem to be better than the actual

: an attitude of kindness or friendliness

condition

goodwill spleen/rancor

castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit(>)

gorge
gloss

n/v. ()

: a brief explanation (as in the margin or between the

v. : GLUT

: to stuff to capacity
reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge

lines of a text) of a difficult or obscure word or

expression

gossamer

blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation

: something light, delicate, or insubstantial

scrutinize :: gloss :: delve : skim

: extremely light, delicate, or tenuous

n/adj. ()

gossamer ponderous
glossary

n.

gossamer substance

: a collection of textual glosses or of specialized terms

gossamer weight

with their meanings

gossamer weighty

glossary : text :: legend : map

gouge
glossy

adj.

: having a surface luster or brightness

v.

: to cut or scoop out with or as if with a gouge

hack : carve :: gouge : engrave(>)

varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth

gourmet
glut

n. : OVERSUPPLY

n.

: CONNOISSEUR

: connoisseur of fine food and drink

: an excessive quantity

bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food

glut dearth

connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine

gourmet : food :: aesthete : art

glutinous

adj. / : GUMMY

cineast : film :: gourmand : food

: having the quality of glue

etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive

grandeur

glutinous non viscous

: the quality or state of being grand

n. : MAGNIFICENCE

grandeur :: mean :: ??
glutton

n.

grandeur frivolousness

: one given habitually to greedy and voracious eating

and drinking

grandiloquent

avarice : money :: gluttony : food

: a lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic style,

glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self-denial

manner, or quality especially in language

gluttonous abstemious

gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak

adj.

grandiloquent secretive
goad

v. : SPUR

: to incite or rouse as if with a goad

grandiose

command : entreaty :: goad : enticement(>)

: characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor or by

gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse

absurd exaggeration

goad check

ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility(#)

adj.

grandiose humble
gobble

v.

: to swallow or eat greedily

grandstand

quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble

: to play or act so as to impress onlookers

swill : sip :: gobble : nibble

grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive

goggle

grant

n.

v.

v.

: a pair of tight-fitting eyeglasses, often tinted or having

: to bestow or transfer formally specifically :to give the

side shields, worn to protect the eyes from hazards such

possession or title of by a deed

as wind, glare, water, or flying debris

concede refuse to grant

goggles : eyes :: gloves : hands

withhold grant

/earmuff : ear
grapevine
goldbrick

v.

: to shirk duty or responsibility

n. /

: an informal person-to-person means of circulating information

or gossip

evade : answer :: goldbrick : work

63

KOREA GRE
gratify

Fifth Edition

v.

Editor : Juntack Lim

grisly

adj.

: to be a source of or give pleasure or satisfaction to

: inspiring horror or intense fear

gratify : desire :: slake : thirsty

grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh

aggrieve gratify
irk/rile/nettle gratify

groove

v.

: make a long narrow channel or depression

grating

adj.

grating : sound :: acrid : odor

grooved : striating :: braided : strand

striated : groove :: dappled : spot

grating : sound :: fetid : smell

grotesque
gratis

adj. : FREE

adj. : FANCIFUL, BIZARRE

imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantasy

: without charge or recompense

grotto
gratuitous

adj. /

: not called for by the circumstances

n.

: a small cave or cavern

grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel

gratuitous merited/warranted
gravity

n.

: having a serious and dignified quality or demeanor

grove
n.
: a planting of fruit or nut trees
grove : trees :: archipelago : islands

frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion

droll grave

grovel

giddiness gravity

: to behave in a servile or demeaning manner

grave insignificant

pluck : quit :: pride : grovel

flippancy gravity

minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary

gregarious

adj. / : SOCIAL

v.

grudge

n/v. /

: tending to associate with others of one's kind

: to be unwilling to give or admit : give or allow reluctantly or

poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness

resentfully

gregarious aloof

: a feeling of deep-seated resentment or ill will

grudge goodwill

grievous

adj. //

: causing or characterized by severe pain, suffering, or

grumble

sorrow smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow

: to mutter in discontent

n.

solace : grief :: pacification : anger

grievous slight

guarantee

joyous grievous

: to engage for the existence, permanence, or nature of

v.

: undertake to do or secure
grill

v.

vouch refuse to guarantee

: to question intensely
question : grill :: ??

guffaw

v.

: a loud or boisterous burst of laughter

grimace

n.

: a facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval ; a

guile

sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain,

: deceitful cunning

n. / : DUPLICITY

contempt, or disgust

acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile(#)

contortion : body :: grimace : face

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless(#)

chagrin : mind :: grimace : face

impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile(#)

grimace : pain :: flinch : fear

guile : artless :: blemish : flawless(#)

gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination

grin

v. : SMILE

guile : naf :: tardy : prompt(#)

: to smile broadly, often baring the teeth, as in

guile : naf :: sensibility : boor

amusement, glee, embarrassment, or other strong

artless cunning/guile

emotion

manipulative guileless

pout grin
guilt
gripe

n.

n. : SELF-REPROACH

: feelings of culpability especially for imagined offenses or from

: word to complain with grumbling

a sense of inadequacy

gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration

narcissism : love :: guilt : blame(>)

gullible
64

adj.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: easily duped or cheated

: calm and peaceful

compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)

halcyon tempestuous

gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination

halcyon stormy

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied

/wary : gulled

hale

adj. : SOUND

: free from defect, disease, or infirmity

gully

n.

effete hale

: a trench which was orig. worn in the earth by running

hale infirm

water and through which water often runs after rains

blighted hale

gully : erosion :: callus : friction

anemic strong/hale
wan hale

gum

n.

resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant

half-baked

adj. /

: lacking adequate planning or forethought

gush

n/v. []

half-baked well thought of/complete

: a sudden outpouring
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle

halfhearted

gush : effusive :: rage : irate

: lacking heart, spirit, or interest

gush : effusive :: fulminate : irate

halfhearted enthusiastic

gust

n.

hallow

adj.

v.

: a sudden brief rush of wind

: to make holy or set apart for holy use

gust : wind :: cloudburst :: rainfall

hallowed desecrate

/flare : light
hallucination
guzzle

v.

n.

: perception of objects with no reality usually arising from

: to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or

disorder of the nervous system or in response to drugs

habitually

delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception

complain : carp :: drink : guzzle(<)

halting

adj. /

: marked by a lack of sureness or effectiveness

H

fluent halting
ham-handed

habitable

adj.

: capable of being lived in : suitable for habitation

adj.

: lacking dexterity or grace

ham-handed deft/adroit

potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling

untenable habitable

hammering

adj. ()

: to make repeated efforts ; to reiterate an opinion or attitude

hack

n/v. /

: a person who works solely for mercenary reasons

hamper

: to cut or sever with repeated irregular or unskillful

seminal hampering further development

blows

hamper facilitate

v. : IMPEDE

mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer

hack : carve :: gouge : engrave(>)

hamstring

v. / : CRIPPLE

: to make ineffective or powerless

hackneyed

adj.

hamstring : effectiveness :: enervatevitality

: lacking in freshness or originality

hamstrung : effectiveness :: enervatedvitality

windy : concise :: hackneyed : original(#)

hamstring make efficient

equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed

equivocation : misleading :: clich : hackneyed

handle

offbeat hackneyed

cumbersome easy to handle

v.

bromide unhackneyed
hangdog
hairbreadth

adj/n. []

adj. / : SAD, DEJECTED

: have a dejected, shamefaced or guilty

: extremely close

hangdog buoyant

hairbreadth ample margin

hangdog elated

halcyon

hankering

adj. /

65

n. / : YEARN

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

: a strong or persistent desire

Editor : Juntack Lim

horn : blow :: harp : pluck

hankering odium
hankering lack of desire

harrow

v.

: to inflict great distress or torment on

haphazard

adj. /

harrow mollify

: marked by lack of plan, order, or direction

methodical haphazard

harry

systematic haphazard

: to make a pillaging or destructive raid on

haphazard planned

harry untrouble

n/v. /

harry comfort
hapless

adj.

: luckless, unfortunate

harsh

hapless fortunate

: causing a disagreeable or painful sensory reaction

hapless lucky

: physically discomforting

adj. : IRRITATING

barb : caustic :: pan : harsh

harangue

v.

encomium harsh criticism

: to make a ranting speech or writing

mollycoddle treat harshly

harangue speak temperately

paean harshly lampoon

harsh serene

harass

v. /

: to annoy persistently

hasten

haunt : familiar :: morass/harass : irritating

: to move or act quickly

v.

hasten slow the progress of

harbinger

n. / : PRECURSOR

hasten check

: one that pioneers in or initiates a major change ; one

hasten retard

that presages or foreshadows what is to come

check hasten

harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify

hasty
harbor

v.

adj. /

: easily angered

: to provide a place, home, or habitat for

: done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise

harbor evict

hasty characterized by deliberation

hasty well considered

hard-bitten

adj.

hasty deliberate

: seasoned or steeled by difficult experience

hard-bitten tender

haunt

v. : FREQUENT

: to visit often
hardheaded

adj. : STUBBORN, WILLFUL

haunt : familiar :: morass/harass : irritating

persecute : injure :: haunt : remember

hard-liner

n.

haunt shun/infrequency

: one who advocate or involve a rigidly uncompromising

frequent avoid

course of action

haunt shunt

hard-liner : compromise :: ??
hauteur
hardy

adj. /

: being in robust and sturdy good health

n. : ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS

fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger

hauteur humility

hardy feeble
havoc
harebrained

adj. : FOOLISH

harmonious

adj.

n.

: great confusion and disorder

havoc serenity

: marked by accord in sentiment or action

haze

acrimonious harmonious

: to make hazy, dull, or cloudy

harmony discord

: to harass by exacting unnecessary or disagreeable work

harness

v.

v. /

headlong

adj.

: to bring under control and direct the force of

: lacking in calmness or restraint

harness fail to utilize

headlong deliberate

harp

headstrong

n.

66

adj.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: determined to have one's own way; stubbornly and

often recklessly willful

hereditary

headstrong : willfulness :: ??

: genetically transmitted or transmittable from parent to

adj.

offspring
hearken(harken) v.

hereditary acquired

: to give respectful attention

hearken ignore

heresy

n.

: an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth or to

heart

v.

generally accepted beliefs or standards

: to give heart to

apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy

mollify : anger :: heart : dejection

dogma heresy

dismay hearted
heretical
heartrending

adj.

adj/n. / : UNORTHODOX

: of, relating to, or characterized by departure from accepted

: causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep

beliefs or standards

sympathy

doctrine : heretical :: course : errant

heartrending : sad :: deafening : loud(>)

hereticunconformity :: authoritysuperiority

earsplitting : loud :: heartrending : sad(>)

heretic : unconformity :: generous : liberality

heretic purist

hedge

n.

: a means of protection or defense (as against financial

hermit

loss)

: one that retires from society and lives in solitude especially

hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination

for religious reasons

safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss

vegetarian : meat :: hermit : society

n. : RECLUSE

hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous

hedonism

n.

: the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or

herpetologist

chief good in life

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

n.

hedonist ascetic
ascetic hedonist

hesitance

n.

: the quality or state of being hesitant

heinous

adj. : ABOMINABLE

impetuous : hesitating :: irrepressible : servile

: hatefully or shockingly evil

parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance

heinous commendable

hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride

heinous venial

alacrity dilatoriness/hesitance
impetuosity hesitance/vacillation

heirloom

n.

: something of special value handed on from one

heterodox

generation to another

: not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in church

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

doctrine or dogma

adj.

heterodox : nonconformity :: authority : superiority

hem

n.

doctrinal : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied(#)

: a border of a cloth article doubled back and stitched

down

hidebound

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt

: having an inflexible or ultraconservative character

hem : garment :: molding : cabinet

contumacious : authority ::

adj. /

reactionary/hidebound/conservative :
hemostatic

adj. : STYPTIC, STANCHING

: serving to check bleeding

change/innovation/novelty
hidebound : conservative :: manic : interested(>)
hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure

herald

v. : ANNOUNCE

: to give notice of

hideous

unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded :

: offensive to the senses and especially to sight ; exceedingly

announcement

ugly

unherald proclaim

pulchritude ugliness/hideousness

adj. /

affinity aversion/hideousness
herbicide

n.

: an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth

hie

insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide

: to go quickly

67

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hie dawdle

Editor : Juntack Lim

rioter : hodgepodge :: interpreter : translation

rioter : hodgepodge :: illuminator : instruction

hierarchy

n.

: the classification of a group of people according to

homage

ability or to economic, social, or professional standing

: expression of high regard

echelon : hierarchy : : ??

counsel : advice :: laud : homage

n. : RESPECT

homage disrespect
hieroglyph

n.

: a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing

homily

decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component

: a lecture or discourse on or of a moral theme

n. /

parable : story :: homily : lecture

hike

n.

: an abrupt increase especially in quantity or amount

homogenize

backset hike

: to blend (diverse elements) into a uniform mixture

v.

stratify homogenize
hilarious

adj.

: characterized by or causing great merriment

hone

hilarious : laughter :: contemptible : disdain

: to make more acute, intense, or effective

hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (>)

hone blunt

hinge

honorarium

n. ( )

v. : WHET

n.

: a payment given to a professional person for services for

hint

n. : CLUE

nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion(<)

which fees are not legally or traditionally required

amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful

histrionic adj. / : THEATRICAL

horn

: of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater

: a wind instrument used in a jazz band

: deliberately affected

horn : blow :: harp : pluck

n. : TRUMPET

histrionic : actor :: pedantic : scholar

hortative
hitch

v. ( ) /

adj. : ADVISORY

: giving exhortation
didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge

hive

n.

hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve

: a place swarming with activity

tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive

horticulture

n.

tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture

hoard

v.

: a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away

hovel

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen

palatial : hovel :: city : bucolic

/sycophant : fawn

palatial : hovel :: bucolic : metropolis

/pundit : opine

n. : HUT

hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk

lavish hoard

hub

n.

: the central part of a circular object (as a wheel or propeller)

hoary

adj. : ANCIENT

spoke : hub :: radius : center

: extremely old
hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (>)

hubris

hoary : old :: saturated : wet

: exaggerated pride or self-confidence

n.

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)

hoax

n. : IMPOSTURE

: an act intended to trick or dupe

hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence(>)

: something accepted or established by fraud or

fabrication

humanitarian

hoax : fraudulence :: paragon : excellence

: a person promoting human welfare and social reform

n. : PHILANTHROPIST

hoax : deceive :: filibuster : delay

humble
hodgepodge

n. : JUMBLE

adj. : INSIGNIFICANT, UNPRETENTIOUS

: ranking low in a hierarchy or scale

: a mixture of dissimilar ingredients

: not costly or luxurious

hodgepodge : uniformity :: clich : original

dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness

items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble

impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness

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supercilious humble

Editor : Juntack Lim

hyperbolic factful

bumptious humble
hauteur humility

hypocritical

panache humility

: meticulously or excessively critical

adj.

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical

humor

v.

hypocritical ingenuous/honest

: to comply with the wishes or ideas of

chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)

hypothetical

adj.

: of, relating to, or based on a hypothesis

hurdle

n/v. / : OVERCOME,

hypothetical proven

SURMOUNT
: to overcome or deal with successfully
I
hurl

v.

: to throw down with violence

scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection

ichthyologist

/hurl : disgust

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

hurricane

n.

fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane

idiosyncratic

n.

adj.

: characteristic peculiarity

rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane(<)

snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone

idolater

n.

: a person that admires intensely and often blindly one that is

husbandry

n. : CONSERVATION

not usually a subject of worship

: the control or judicious use of resources

reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate

esteem : idolatrize :: favor : bribe

husband squander
husbandry prodigality

ignite

v. : KINDLE

: to set afire
husk

n. : SHELL

ignite extinguish

: an outer layer
seed : husk :: orange : rind

ignominy

husk core

: deep personal humiliation and disgrace

n. /

ignominious lofty
husky

adj.

husky delicate

ignominy glory/esteem/respect
ignominy honor
ignominious honorable

hybrid

adj. : COMPOSITE

: something heterogeneous in origin or composition

ignorant

hybrid of unmixed extraction

: destitute of knowledge or education

hybrid purebred

subtle : ignore :: salient : observe

adj.

erudite smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered

hymn

n.

: a song of praise or joy

ill-bred

adj. : IMPOLITE

: badly brought up or showing bad upbringing

hypnotic

adj/n. / : SOPORIFIC

ill-bred : impolite :: ??

: tending to produce sleep

hypnotic/unwitting conscious

illiteracy

hypnotic stimulant

: the quality or state of being illiterate;

hypnotic bracing

read or write

n.
especially :inability to

illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution

hyperbole

n.

erudition illiteracy

: a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for

emphasis or effect

illuminati

malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole

: persons who are or who claim to be unusually enlightened

anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole

interpreter : translate :: illuminati : instruct

n. []

playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole

pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole

illumination

exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel

: one of the decorative features used in the art of illuminating

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or in decorative lighting

over one's head

frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript

imminence : forthcoming :: ??

stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination

therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school

immune

obfuscate elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly

: not susceptible or responsive;

squall : commotion :: flash : illumination

degree of resistance to a disease

apron : protect :: lamp : illuminate

fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist

adj.
especially :having a high

soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity

illusory

adj. : DECEPTIVE

vaccination : immune :: overexposure : jaded

: based on or producing illusion

maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory

immure

nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy(=)

: to enclose within or as if within walls

illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment

immure release

v.

immure liberate
illustrate

v.

: to provide with visual features intended to explain or

immutable

decorate

: not capable of or susceptible to change

illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details

immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated(#)

adj.

transitory : endure :: immutable : change(#)

imbibe

v. ~

: to absorb or take in as if by drinking

immutable variable
vicissitudinous immutable

thirsty : imbibe :: exhausted : rest

imp
imbroglio

n. /

: an intricate or complicated situation (as in a drama or

n. : URCHIN

: a mischievous child
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp

novel)
: a violently confused or bitterly complicated altercation

impair

v.

: to damage or make worse by or as if by diminishing in some

imitation

n.

material respect

: the quality of an object in possessing some of the

nature or attributes of a transcendent

impassive

exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame

: unsusceptible to or destitute of emotion

exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence

impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy

paragon/paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard

callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity

adj. /

impassive emotional
immaculate

adj. : PURE

: having no stain or blemish

impassive excitable
perfervid impassive

: containing no flaw or error

squalid immaculate

impeccable

adj. : FLAWLESS

: free from fault or blame

immanent

adj.

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless

: remaining or operating within a domain of reality or

impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile

realm of discourse

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse

immanent explicit

impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir

immanent extrinsic

impeccable faulty

immaterial

impecunious

adj. : UNIMPORTANT

: of no substantial consequence

adj. : PENNILESS

immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center

: having very little or no money usually habitually

foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money

immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness

frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober(<)

relevant immaterial

pelf : impecunious :: experience : green

impecunious wealthy/prosperous/affluent

immemorial

adj.

: extending or existing since beyond the reach of

impede

memory, record, or tradition

: to retard or obstruct the progress of

v.

immemorial recent

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede

abet thwart/impede

imminent

adj.

: ready to take place; especially : hanging threateningly

facilitate impede
impede promote/foment

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cultivate impede

impudent : impertinent .

{decline} !

insolent :

nurture impede
encumber remove impediment

imperturbable

adj. : SERENE

: marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness

impending

adj.

restive calm/imperturbable

: to be about to occur

ticklish imperturbable

impending remote

imperturbability volatility/diffidence

impenetrable

adj. /

impervious

adj. /

: impossible to penetrate or enter

: not allowing entrance or passage

: impossible to understand

: not capable of being affected or disturbed

pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable

impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued(#)

juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)

porous impenetrable

impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid

impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused

impenitent

adj.

translucent impervious of light

: not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or

sorrow for sins or offenses

impetuous

penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)

: marked by impulsive vehemence or passion

rueful/contrite impenitent

impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness

remorseful impenitent

parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance

adj. ()/

restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience

imperative

adj. /

: expressive of a command, entreaty, or exhortation

impetuosity hesitance/vacillation
impetuous deliberate

: not to be avoided or evaded

question : interrogative :: order : imperative

impiety

n. : IRREVERENCE

: quality or state of being impious

imperceptible

adj. /

impiety devoutness

: not perceptible by a sense or by the mind

: extremely slight, gradual, or subtle

implacable

appreciable imperceptible

: not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or

adj.

mitigated
imperial

adj. /

: of, relating to, befitting, or suggestive of an empire or

immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated

implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle

an emperor
imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic(>)

implement

imperial obedient

: to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by

v.

concrete measures
imperious

adj. : DOMINEERING

: marked by arrogant assurance

implicate

fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness

: to bring into intimate or incriminating connection

v. : ENTWINE

imperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate(#)

imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)

implode

fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness

: to collapse inward as if from external pressure

fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy

collapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<)

imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger

collapse : implode :: steep : immerse(<)

v.

imperious humble
imperious obeisant

importune

v. [,]/

: to press or urge with troublesome persistence

impertinent

adj. /

: not pertinent

: to request or beg for urgently

accost : approach :: importune : quest(>)

: given to or characterized by insolent rudeness

impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness

imposing

perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety

: impressive in size, bearing, dignity, or grandeur

impertinence respect/relevance

imposing modest

adj. /

obeisant impertinent
impertinent :

impostor

: one who engages in deception under an assumed name or

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identity

Editor : Juntack Lim

clout impuissance

impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization

virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned

impulsive

adj.

: having the power of or actually driving or impelling

impotent

adj. : HELPLESS

: not potent

impunity

: lacking in power, strength, or vigor

: exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm

n.

clout impotence
impute
impregnable

adj. /[,]

adj.

: to lay the responsibility or blame for often falsely or unjustly

imputable : nettle :: ??

: difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute

with success

inadvertent

: incapable of being taken by assault

: not focusing the mind on a matter

adj. : INATTENTIVE

inadvertent intentional
impressionable

adj. / :

advertent inattentive

SUGGESTIBLE
: readily or easily influenced

inalienable

impressionable : influence :: ??

: incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred

adj.

inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated

impromptu

adj/n. / : IMPROVISED

: prompted by the occasion rather than being planned in

inane

advance

: lacking significance, meaning, or point

: Something, such as a speech, that is made or done

inane substantial/expressive/meaningful

extemporaneously

/pregnant/significant/weighty

adj. // : SILLY

ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

impromptu : rehearsal :: unheralded : announcement

inanimate

impromptu : rehearsal :: honesty : duplicity(#)

: not endowed with life or spirit

adj.

ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living(#)

improvident

adj.

: not foreseeing and providing for the future

inapt

adj. /

inapt : clumsy: obsessed : attracted

improvised

adj.

: doing to compose, recite, play, or sing

inaugurate

extemporaneously

: to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies

rite improvised act

: To cause to begin, especially officially or formally

v. /[]

inaugurate : president :: install : official

imprudent

adj.

/crown : king

: not prudent : lacking discretion

inauguration : official :: matriculation : student

judicious imprudent

cease inaugurate/commencement

impudent

adj. / : INSOLENT

incandescent

adj. /

: marked by contemptuous or cocky boldness or

: strikingly bright, radiant, or clear

disregard of others

: characterized by ardent emotion, intensity, or brilliance

impudence : brazen :: deadpan : impassive

incandescent dull

impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness(=)

impudent deferential/respectful

incantation

impudent obeisant

: a use of spells or verbal charms spoken or sung as a part of a

n. [ ]/

ritual of magic
impugn

v. /

: a written or recited formula of words designed to produce a

: to assail by words or arguments ; oppose or attack as

particular effect

false or lacking integrity

incantation : utterance :: talisman : object

extol condemn/impugn/detract
impugn champion

incarnate

impugn endorse

: invested with bodily and especially human nature and form

impugn vindicate

incorporeal incarnate

impuissance

incendiary

n. : WEAKNESS,

POWERLESSNESS

adj. /[]

adj. /

: tending to excite or inflame

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insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate

incendiary calming/moderating

incongruent

adj.

: not superposable so as to be coincident throughout

incense

v.

incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey(#)

: to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of

incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap(#)

incense : anger :: ??
propitiate incense

inconsequential

adj. : UNIMPORTANT

: lacking importance.
inception

n. : COMMENCEMENT

: the beginning of something, such as an undertaking

: not following from premises or evidence

crucial/apocalyptic inconsequential

inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation

inconsonant
incessant

adj. : UNCEASING

: continuing or following without interruption

inch

v. ()

adj.

: lacking harmony, agreement, or compatibility

inconsonanance : concord :: scatter : overlap
incontrovertible

adj. : INDISPUTABLE

: to cause to move slowly

: impossible to dispute

inch : move :: drawl : speak

incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended

accrete : growth :: inch : advance

controvert substantiate

inchoate

adj. /

: FORMLESS

incorrigible

adj. / : UNALTERABLE,

: being only partly in existence or operation; especially :

INVETERATE

imperfectly formed or formulated

: incapable of being corrected or amended ; not reformable

immature : developed :: incipient/inchoate : realized(#)

incorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood

inchoate : organize :: volatile : stabilize

incorrigible : amend :: eradicable : remove

inchoate fully formed/organized/having explicit

tractability incorrigibility
tractable incorrigible

incinerate

v.

: to cause to burn to ashes

incriminate

singe : incineration :: erode : destruction

: to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a

v.

crime or fault
incipient

adj. /

incrimination exoneration

: beginning to come into being or to become apparent

immature : developed :: incipient/inchoate : realized

inculcate

incipient : realized :: indefinite : tangible(#)

: to teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions

incipient : realized :: hypothetic : proved

hammering : inculcate :: ??

v.

incipient : realized :: irregular : classified

incipient full-blown/full-realized

inculpate

v. : INCRIMINATE

exonerate inculpate
incisive

adj.

: impressively direct and decisive (as in manner or

absolve inculpate
exculpate inculpate

presentation)
incursion
incite

v. /

: to provoke and urge on

n. : RAID

: an aggressive entrance into foreign territory

incursion retreat

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat

exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite

indecorous

incite pacify

: lacking propriety or good taste

incitant insensible

mangy sleek

inclement

adj. / : STORMY

: lacking mildness
: as

adj.

indefatigable

adj. : UNTIRING

: incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued

severe in temper or action

inclemency : evade :: ??

indelible

inclement balmy

: that cannot be removed, washed away, or erased

adj. : UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE

indelible : forget :: astounding : expect

incogitant

adj. : THOUGHTLESS,

indelibility erasability

INCONSIDERATE
incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm(#)

indelicate

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: marked by a lack of good taste; coarse.

additional or more effective actions

: lacking in consideration for the feelings of others

inducement deterrence

indemnity

induct

n.

v.

: security against hurt, loss, or damage

: to place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a position

mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure

induct discharge

indict

v.

indulge

v. / : GRATIFY, HUMOR

: to accuse of wrongdoing

: to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration

indict : accused :: ??

: to take unrestrained pleasure in

embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle(<)

indifferent

adj. : APATHETIC

lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge(#)

: marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern

for something

indulgent

embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference

abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate

avid indifferent

indulgentadherent :: slovenlydapper(#)

fervor indifference

glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self-denial

adj. : LENIENT

zealot indifference

Spartan sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious

enraptured indifferent

draconian indulgent/mild
martinet indulgent person

indigenous

adj. /

indulgent ascetic

: having originated in and being produced, growing,

living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or

indurate

environment

: to make hard

exotic indigenous

indurate soften

v.

indigenous nonnative
inebriant
indigent

adj.

adj. / : IMPOVERISHED

: experiencing want or need

inedible

indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability(#)

: not fit to be eaten

indigent affluent

edible : eat :: portable : drink

adj.

edible : eat :: admissible : allow

indigestible

adj.
ineffable

indiscriminate

adj. /

adj.

: incapable of being expressed in words

: not marked by careful distinction : deficient in

ineffable : description :: ineradicable : obliteration

discrimination and discernment

[incapable of ]

indispensability

ineluctable

n. : ESSENTIAL

adj. : INEVITABLE

: absolutely necessary thing

: not to be avoided, changed, or resisted

indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability

impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid

ineluctable/inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend

indoctrinate

v. (,) : TEACH

serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance

: to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments

stickler : exacting :: pedagogue : indoctrinating

inept

adj. // : UNFIT, FOOLISH,

BUNGLING
indolent

adj.

: lacking in fitness or aptitude

: conducing to or encouraging laziness

: lacking sense or reason

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse(#)

: not suitable to the time, place, or occasion

impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir

: inappropriate often to an absurd degree

indolent : shirk :: miserly : hoard

: generally incompetent
adroitness : inept :: difficulty : simplicity(#)

indubitable

adj.

inept deft/adroit

: too apparent to be doubted

inept skilled

indubitable : questioned :: resolute : sway(#)

proficient inept

indubitable doubtful
ineptitude
inducement

n. /

: a motive or consideration that leads one to action or to

n. // : INCOMPETENCE

: the quality or state of being generally incompetent

finesse ineptitude

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infirm
inert

adj.

: deficient in active properties

adj.

: of poor or deteriorated vitality; especially : feeble from age

hale infirm

ephemeral : endure :: inert : react

persistence : vacillate :: inertia : react

inflame

inertia activity

: to become excited or angered

reactant inert material

inflame assuage/subdue

v. /

inert active
inert dynamic

infelicitous

adj. /

: not appropriate in application or expression

inequity

n. /

: injustice or unfairness

: not happy
happy infelicitous

inequity rectitude
inequity disinterested

infiltrate

v. []

: to enter or take up positions in gradually or surreptitiously

inestimable

adj.

: too valuable or excellent to be measured or

infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan

stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter

appreciated
influx
inevitable

adj.

n.

exodus influx

: incapable of being avoided or evaded

ineluctable/inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend

infuriate

v.

: to make furious ; enrage

inexorable

adj. / : RELENTLESS

: not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty

infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem

infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity

inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest

inexorable relenting

infuse

v. /

: INSPIRE, ANIMATE

: to put into or introduce as if by pouring

infamy

n.

: to fill or cause to be filled with something

: the condition of being infamous

inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove(>)

infamy good repute

infuse drain away/refuse/extract

infuse draw out

infatuate

v.

infuse drain out

: to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or

admiration

ingenious

sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation

: marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in

adj. /

odium infatuation

conception or execution
ingenious prosaic

infer

v. : GUESS, SURMISE

: to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises

ingenuous

tacit : infer :: encoded : decode(#)

: showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness

adj. / : ARTLESS

intimate : communicate :: allude : infer

: lacking in cunning, guile, or worldliness

impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile

inferno

n. ()

ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense

: a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell ;

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen

intense heat

ingenuous : dissemble :: polite : snub

fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane

ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive

pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead

infiltrate

v.

ingnue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness

: to enter or take up positions in gradually or

hypocritical ingenuous/honest

surreptitiously

ingenuous cunning

infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan

stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter

ingrained

adj. /

: forming a part of the essence or inmost being

infinite

adj. / : INEXHAUSTIBLE

: immeasurably or inconceivably great or extensive

ingrained easily to change

ingrained extrinsic

infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap

unique : precedent :: infinite : end

ingratiating

adj. : PLEASING

: capable of winning favor

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ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive

Editor : Juntack Lim

change/innovation/novelty

ingratiating : win favor :: fraudulent : deceive

innuendo
inherent

adj.

n.

: an oblique allusion ; a veiled or equivocal reflection on

: existing as an essential constituent or characteristic ;

character or reputation

intrinsic

innuendo : suspicion :: ??

extrinsic inherent
inquiry
inimical

adj. : HOSTILE, UNFRIENDLY

n.

confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory

: being adverse often by reason of hostility or

malevolence

insatiable

inimical friendly/amiable/amicable

: incapable of being satisfied

amenable inimical

insatiate slakable

inimitable

adj. : MATCHLESS

adj. : QUENCHLESS

insensate

adj.

: not capable of being imitated

: lacking animate awareness or sensation

indubitable : question :: inimitable : copy

insensate conscious

inimitable commonplace
inimitable ordinary

insert

v.

insert remove
iniquity

n. : WICKEDNESS

tear insert

: gross injustice
iniquity rectitude

insipid

adj. / : DULL, FLAT

: lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge

initial

adj. / : FIRST

: placed at the beginning

insolent

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated

: exhibiting boldness or effrontery

initial : realized :: irregular : classified(#)

perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration

/tangible : indefinite

insolent polite/courteous

/tenable : undefended

adj. : IMPUDENT

initial following
initiate follow up

insouciant

adj. : NONCHALANCE

: lighthearted unconcern
initiative

adj/n. // :

tenacious : yield : : insouciant : worry

ENTERPRISE, INTRODUCTORY, PRELIMINARY

: energy or aptitude displayed in initiation of action

inspired

initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter

: outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive of

adj.

divine
inkling

n. /

pedestrian inspired

: a slight indication or suggestion

: a slight knowledge or vague notion

instate

inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity

: to establish in office

inkling : indication :: lapse : error

instate oust

innocent

instigate

adj. : BLAMELESS

culpable innocent

v.

v. : PROVOKE

: to goad or urge forward

quell foment/instigate/rouse

innocuous

adj. / : INOFFENSIVE,

INSIPID

instigator

: not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat

n.

or hostility
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous

instill

placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic

: to impart gradually

noxious wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

instill drain away

innocuous injurious

instill remove

innovation

institute

n.

v. /

v. : ORGANIZE

: the introduction of something new

: to originate and get established

contumacious : authority ::

rescind institute

reactionary/hidebound/conservative :

abrogate institute

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the use of alcoholic beverages

insubordinate

adj/n. /

: disobedient to authority

equable intemperate
intemperate constrained

insubordinate : submissive :: disaffected : contented

tractable

intensify

insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

: to make intense or more intensive

insubordinate authority

moderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousness

v. : STRENGTHEN

abate intensify/promote
insular

adj.

assuage intensify

: being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial

viewpoint

inter

insular cosmopolitan

: to deposit (a dead body) in the earth or in a tomb

insularity cosmopolitanism

inter : burial :: obliterate : removal

insulate

v.

insulate expose

v.

intercede

v. : MEDIATE

: to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling

differences

insurgent

n.

: a person who revolts against civil authority or an

intercessor : mediate :: augur : prediction

intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret

established government ; a rebel not recognized as a

belligerent

interdict

parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent

: to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner

insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate

interdict authorize

intact

interim

adj. /

v/n. ~ /

adj. : INTERVAL

: remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in

: an intervening time

any way

interim permanent

riven intact
interlock
intangible

adj. : IMPALPABLE

adj.

: to connect so that the motion or operation of any part is

: incapable of being perceived by the senses.

constrained by another

: incapable of being realized or defined

interlocking independent

corporeal intangible
tangible unable to perceive

interloper

n.

intangible readily perceived

interlude
integrate

v. : UNIFY

n. : INTERVAL

: an intervening or interruptive period, space, or event

: to make into a whole by bringing all parts together

integrate separate

interminable

adj.

: having or seeming to have no end

integral

adj. / : CONSTITUENT

: wearisomely protracted

: essential to completeness

countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number ::

: lacking nothing essential

everlasting/interminable : duration

integral superfluous
integral redundant

intermittent

integral tangential

: coming and going at intervals

adj.

: not continuous
integrity

n. : COMPLETENESS

intermittent constant

: the quality or state of being complete or undivided

: an unimpaired condition

interrogate

ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity

: to question formally and systematically

taint : integrity :: ??

interrogate : probe :: ??

integrity incompleteness

confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory

v. /

question : interrogative :: order : imperative

intelligible

adj.

correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible

intemperate

adj. //()

: not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in

usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine(>)

interrogate : information :: investigate : inquiry
intervene

v. /

: to interfere usually by force or threat of force in another

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nation's internal affairs especially to compel or prevent

: to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently

an action

inveigh verbally provide support

intimate

n/v. /

inveigle

v. : ENTICE

: an intimate friend or confidant

: to win over by wiles

: to communicate delicately and indirectly

plot : plan :: inveigle : interest

clique : intimates :: flock : sheep

inveigle request directly

intimate : communicate :: allude : infer

inventory
intimidate

v. / : FRIGHTEN

n.

: an itemized list of current assets

: to make timid or fearful

census : population :: inventory : stock

: to compel or deter by or as if by threats

inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation

dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain

investigate

coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate

: to make a systematic examination;

v. ()
especially :to conduct an

official inquiry
intransigent

adj. : UNCOMPROMISING

cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)

: refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme

position or attitude

inveterate

firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed(<)

: firmly established by long persistence

intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend

: confirmed in a habit

intransigent open to compromise

inveterate casual

tractable

inveterate one-time

adj. /

insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate
pliant intransigent/intractable

invidious

adj.

: of a kind to cause harm or resentment

intrepid

adj.

invidious beneficial

: characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and

endurance

invigorate

genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear(#)

: to give life and energy to

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract(#)

conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate

v. : STIMULATE

tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden

intricacy

n.

debilitate invigorate

: the quality or state of being intricate

enervate invigorate

chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy

enfeeble invigorate

intriguing

adj : FASCINATING

invincible

adj. /

: engaging the interest to a marked degree

: incapable of being overcome or defeated

interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)

invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve

pall interest/intrigue
inviolate
intrinsic

adj. /

adj. : PURE

: not violated or profaned

: belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a

pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolate

thing

penetrate : impermeable :: profane : inviolable

immanent extrinsic

penetrate : impermeable :: comprehend : obscure

inviolable profane/impure

inure

v. ( )

: to accustom to accept something undesirable

invite

inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency

: to request formally

v. // : ENTICE, PROVOKE

: to offer an incentive or inducement to

invective

n.

: insulting or abusive language

: To tend to bring on
invite ward off

exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit

polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive

invoice

invective flattery

: a consignment of merchandise

invective accolade

consignment : invoice :: ??

n.

invective approbation/ compliment

invoke
inveigh

v. : RAIL

v. / : IMPLEMENT

: to put into effect or operation

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: to call forth by incantation

issue

invoke suspend

: a point or matter of discussion, debate, or dispute

n/v. //

: a single copy of a periodical

invulnerable

adj.

: to appear or become available through being officially put

: incapable of being wounded, injured, or harmed

forth or distributed

euphemism : offend :: invulnerable : injure

debate : issue :: bargain : price

untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury

repartee : retort :: debate : issue

stanza : line :: volume : issue

irascible

adj.

episode : series :: issue : periodical

: marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger

issue withdraw

affable irascible
isthmus
irate

adj.

n.

: a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas

: arising from anger

isthmus : land :: strait : water

gush : effusive :: rage : irate

iridescence

n.

iridescent monochromatic
irk

v. : VEX, IRRITATE

jabber

v.

: to make weary, irritated, or bored

: to speak rapidly or indistinctly

irk : enrage :: suggest : urge(<)

jabber speak slowly

irk make someone pleased

irk please

jaded

adj. / : EXHAUSTED

: dulled by experience or by surfeit

ironclad

adj. : BINDING

: so firm or secure as to be unbreakable

overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune

jaded keen

jammed : full :: ironclad : firm(=)

jammed
irreducible

adj. /

adj.

jammed : full :: ironclad : firm

: impossible to transform into or restore to a desired or

simpler condition

jape

factorable irreducible

: to make mocking fun of

v.

revere jape at
irrelevant

adj. : INAPPLICABLE

immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center

jar

immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness

: harsh or grating sound

germane irrelevant

: to startle or unsettle

immaterial relevant

puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled

irresolute

jargon

adj. : VACILLATING

v/n. //

n.

: uncertain how to act or proceed

: the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or

demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness

similar group
vernacular : local :: jargon : profession

irreverent

adj. : SATIRIC

: lacking proper respect or seriousness

jaundice

awe irreverence

: a state or attitude characterized by satiety, distaste, or

n/v. /

hostility
irrevocable

adj. /

jaundice speak favorably

: not possible to revoke

jaundiced disposed favorably

irrevocable : rescind :: ??

jaundiced unprejudiced

irritate

v.

: ANNOY

jaunty

adj. () : LIVELY

: to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in

: sprightly in manner or appearance

antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation

staid jaunty

haunt : familiar/similarity :: harass : irritating

irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous

jazz

balm irritant

portrait : painting :: jazz : music

79

n.

KOREA GRE
jealousy

Fifth Edition

n.

Editor : Juntack Lim

saturnine jovial

: a jealous disposition, attitude, or feeling

maudlin jovial

attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous(<)

joviality moroseness
lugubrious jovial

jejune

adj. / : DULL

: devoid of significance or interest

jubilant

labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest

dolorous jubilant

adj. : EXULTANT

jejune thought provoking

judicious
jerk

v.

: to give a quick suddenly arrested push, pull, or twist to

adj. : DISCREET

: having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment

daft judicious
judicious imprudent

jest

n. /

: an utterance (as a jeer or quip) intended to be taken

juggernaut

as mockery or humor

: a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object

jest solemn speaking

that crushes whatever is in its path

n. /

juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable

jingoist

n.

juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous

: extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially

juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray

by a belligerent foreign policy

siren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstoppable

dove warmonger/jingoist
jumble
jitter

n.

: a sense of panic or extreme nervousness

v.

: to mix into a confused or disordered mass

mixture : jumble :: ??

jittery resolute
justify
jocund

adj.

v.

justify argue against

: sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or

quality

juxtapose

v. (, )

jocund dreary/morose
jocund dour
jocund serious

jocund/jocular lachrymose
dejection jocundity
kangaroo
jog

v.

n.

kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent

jog : exercise :: barter : trade

ken
joke

n.

: something said or done to provoke laughter;

n.

: the range of vision

earshot : hear :: ken : see

especially : a brief oral narrative with a climactic

humorous twist

kindle

joke : punch line :: plot : denouement

: to stir up

v. / : AROUSE

pun : joke :: supernova : star

kindred
jolt

v.

n. /

: a group of related persons, as a clan or tribe

: to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion

kindred unsimilarity

jolt : move :: check : stop

kindred dissimilar

jot

kink

v.

n.

: to write briefly or hurriedly

: a short tight twist or curl caused by a doubling or winding of

: set down in the form of a note

something upon itself

nip : eat :: jot : write

jot : write :: skim : read

kiss

v.

scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection

jovial

adj. /

/hurl : disgust

: markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by

jollity and conviviality

knack

jovial mournful/drab/morose

: a clever, expedient way of doing something

80

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KOREA GRE

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redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack

lackluster

knack ineptitude/awkwardness

MEDIOCRE

adj/n. [] /[] : DULL,

: lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality

knave

n. /

resplendent lackluster

: a tricky deceitful fellow

lackluster radiant

sage : judgment :: knave : deceit

refulgent lackluster

knave : rogue :: jack : man

burnish lackluster

knead

laconic

v.

adj. /

: to work and press into a mass with or as if with the

: using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to

hands

the point of seeming rude or mysterious

knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration

laconic loquacious

knit

v. /

laconic voluble

: to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of

laconism verbosity

connected loops with needles

voluble taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

knit : yarn :: study : reconditeness

lambaste

ravel knit

v. : CENSURE, BERATE

: to scold sharply
knotty

adj. /

: so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to

lamentable

defy solution

: inspiring or deserving of lament or regret

adj. : MOURNFUL

knotty easy

lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure

knotty simple

celebration :: lamentable :: slight :: respectful(#)

kudos

laminate

n. /

v.

: acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement

: to separate into laminate

kudos disparagement

laminate : divide :: ??
lampoon
L

n. []

: a harsh satire usually directed against an individual

panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort

labile

adj. / : UNSTABLE

paean harshly lampoon

: readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or

biological change or breakdown

landfill

: readily open to change

cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse

n.

labile stable
labile immutable

landlord

n.

labile permanent
landslide
labored

adj. ()/

n. /

: the usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock,

: lacking ease of expression

earth, or artificial fill on a slope ; the mass that moves down

glib labored

: an overwhelming victory
droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

labyrinth

n. / : INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY

landslide debacle

: something extremely complex or tortuous in structure,

arrangement, or character

lane

n.

labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest(#)

threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine :

languid

directness(#)

: sluggish in character or disposition

adj. (,)/ : WEAK

ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct(#)

languid : energy :: desultory : plan

labyrinth simplicity

languid energetic

labyrinthine simple

vivacious languid
vehement languid

lacerate

adj/v. [,] /

: extremely harrowed or distracted

languish

: to cause sharp mental or emotional pain to

languish thrive

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v.

KOREA GRE
languor

Fifth Edition

n. / : LETHARGY

Editor : Juntack Lim

: expending or bestowing profusely

: weakness or weariness of body or mind

: to expend or bestow with profusion

: listless indolence or inertia

excoriate extol/praise lavishly

languor alacrity

lavish mean/hoard
lavish stint

lank

adj. : SLENDER, THIN

: not well filled out

penurious lavish
lavish austere

lank stalwart
lax
lapse

n.

adj. / : SLACK

: deficient in firmness

: a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or

: not stringent

inattention

: not tense, firm, or rigid

lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality(<)

lax taut

misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error(<)

stringent lax

inkling : indication :: lapse : error(<)

leaden
larder

n. : PANTRY

adj. () /

: lacking spirit or animation

larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes

vivacious leaden

larder : provisions :: vault : valuables

buoyant leaden

largesse

n. /

: liberal giving (as of money) to or as if to an inferior

leakage

n. /

seal : leakage :: lubricate : abrasion

largesse parsimony
leaven
lariat

n. : LASSO

v.

: to raise (as bread) with a leaven

lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd

distill : purity :: leaven : volume

lash

lectern

v. /

n.

lash unbind
ledger
lassitude

n. / : FATIGUE

lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge(#)

n.

: a book containing accounts to which debits and credits are

posted from books of original entry

arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir

lassitude vim/animation

leer

lassitude verve

: to cast a sidelong glance

n/v. []

stare : leer :: peruse : smattering

latent

adj.

latency : response :: incubation : disease

leery

latent manifest

leery showing no doubt

lathe

legacy

n.

: a machine in which work is rotated about a horizontal

adj. : SUSPICIOUS, WARY

n.

legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor

axis and shaped by a fixed tool

lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten

legend

n. /

: an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart

latitude

n. (, )

: a person or thing that inspires legends

: freedom of action or choice

glossary : text :: legend : map

latitude strict constraint

legendary obscure

latitude tight restraint

legible
laudatory

adj.

adj. : PLAIN

legible : decipher :: ??

: expressing or conferring praise

counsel : advice :: laud : homage(<)

legion

execrable commendable/laudable

legion lack in number

n.

pejorative laudatory
laud revile/blame

lenient

adj.

: inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or

lavish

adj/v. // : PRODIGAL,

SQUANDER

indulgent
martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication

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draconian lenient
libretto
lethal

adj. : DEVASTATING

n.

libretto : opera :: lyrics : song

disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal(<)

licentious
lethargy

n. /

adj.

: lacking legal or moral restraints

: the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or

: marked by disregard for strict rules of correctness

indifferent

caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious

lethargy : energy :: ??

voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness

licentiousness moral restraint

levee

n.

levee : river :: cordon : crowd

lien

rampart : invasion :: levee : flood

: a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of

padding : damage :: levee : flooding

some debt or duty ordinarily arising by operation of law

n. ()

lien : claim :: subpoena : command

levelheaded

adj. : SENSIBLE

: having sound judgment

liken

levelheaded foolish

liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference

leverage

limber

n.

: positional advantage ; power to act effectively

v. : COMPARE

adj. : FLEXIBLE

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty

publicity : attention :: leverage : advantage(=)

limerick
levity

n. /

: excessive or unseemly frivolity

n. 5

farce : performance :: limerick : poem

limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire

: lack of steadiness
sullen : levity :: ??

limousine

n.

mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile

lexicographer n.
cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary

limp

adj. / : SPIRITLESS

: lacking firm texture, substance, or structure

liability

n. /

exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty

: lacking in strength, vigor, or firmness

limp firm

asset liability
limpid
liaison

n. /

liberal

adj. / : OPENHANDED

adj. / : PELLUCID

: characterized by transparent clearness

limpid murky
limpid unclear

nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality

murky clear/pellucid/limpid

parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen(#)

nebulous limpid

liberal parsimonious
liberalist enfetterist

linen

n.

: thread or yarn spun from flax

liberate

v. : FREE

: to set at liberty; to free (as a country) from

clay : porcelain :: flax : linen

flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric

domination by a foreign power

liberate shackle

linoleum

n.

varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum

libertine

n.

: a person who is unrestrained by convention or

lingering

morality ; one leading a dissolute life

lingering fleeting

adj.

caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious

libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious

lint

ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine

: downy material obtained by scraping linen cloth and used for

ludicrous : buffoon :: humorous : wag

dressing wounds

emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious

lint : bleeding :: brake : motion

liberty

n.

management unfettered liberty

n.

lissome

adj. / : SUPPLE, NIMBLE

: easily flexed

83

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Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: having the ability to move with ease

loquacious : talkative :: reckless : adventurous

lissome : lithe :: ??

loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#)

lissome ungainly

loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet

lissome solid

flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness(>)

garrulous/loquacious : words :: prodigal : money

list

n. : TILT

laconic loquacious

: a deviation from the vertical

loquacious taciturn

list upright

reticent loquacious

lithe

lottery

adj. ( )/

: characterized by easy flexibility and grace

n.

lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission

lithe awkward
lounge
livid

adj.

v. /

: to act or move idly or lazily

: extremely angry
livid : angry :: despondent : discouraged(>)

loutish

adj. /

: resembling or befitting a lout

loath

adj.

genteel loutish

: unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of

loyal
adj.
exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty(#)

thinking
loath eager

snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty(=)

loathe

v.

: to dislike (someone or something) greatly

castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike(>)
dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss
loathe amusing

lubricate
v.
: to make smooth or slippery
oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect
lucid

adj. /

lucid murky/vague
loathsome

adj. / : DISGUSTING

loathsome delectable

lucubration

n.

: Laborious study or meditation

lode

n.

lucubration cursory consideration

: an ore deposit
shaft : lode :: well : aquifer

lug

v. ( )

lug : carry :: trudge : walk

lofty

adj. / : SUPERIOR

: elevated in status

lugubrious

ignominious lofty

: exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful

lofty mean

lugubrious jovial

lofty casting down

lugubriousness cheerfulness

loll

v. /

lull

adj. ( )

v/n. / : SOOTHE

: to act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent manner

: to cause to sleep or rest

loll move vigorously

: to cause to relax vigilance

: a temporary pause or decline in activity

longing

n.

longing : pine :: remorse : rue

lull hectic period

lull intense discussion
lull revive

lopsided

adj. /

startle lull

: leaning to one side

: lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion :

lumber

disproportionately heavy on one side

: to walk or move with heavy clumsiness

even handed lopsided

lumber glide

loquacious

lung

adj.

: given to fluent or excessive talk

v. []

n.

lung : respire :: tooth : masticate

loquacious : complain :: obsequious : respect

loquacious : word :: profligate : money

lurch

loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous

: to roll or tip abruptly

84

v. : PITCH, STAGGER

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Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

lurch progress smoothly

malicious
lurk

v. / : SKULK, SNEAK, SLINK

adj.

: given to, marked by, or arising from malice

: to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for

malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole

an evil

malicious : ill will :: diligent : effort

: to move furtively or inconspicuously

expansive malicious

lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate

lurk : wait :: abscond : depart

malfunction

lurk : move :: purloin : appropriate

: failure to function

lurkconcealment :: espousemarriage

fail-safe : malfunction :: ??

lush

adj.

malign

n.

adj/v. /

: growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage

: having or showing intense often vicious ill will

lush withered

malign : ill will :: diligent : effort

extol malign

luxuriant

adj.

luxuriant Spartan

malinger

v.

: to pretend incapacity (as illness) so as to avoid duty or work

malinger : ail :: flatter : appreciate
M

parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk

hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk
malinger : work :: shirk : duty

macerate

v. []

malinger : duty :: camouflage : detection

: to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid

macerate harden by drying

malleable

adj.

: capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or

maelstrom

n.

influences

: a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects

friable : crumble :: malleable : alter

within a given radius

knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable

maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory

malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion

malleable hard to shape

magnificent

adj. /

magnificent base

malodorous

adj.

malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound

magnanimity

n.

cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent

: loftiness of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly,

to disdain meanness and pettiness, and to display a

management

noble generosity

management ineffectiveness

magnanimity grudge

n. /

management unfettered liberty

manageable intractable/incorrigible

maladroit

adj. : INEPT

: lacking adroitness

mandatory

maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging(#)

: containing or constituting a command

maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity

mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain

maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse

discretionary mandatory

adj. : OBLIGATORY

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit(#)

deft maladroit

maneuverable

[mal: ]

maneuverable intractable

malaise

n. ,

mangle

adj.

v. /

: a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the

: to injure with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or

beginning of an illness

crushing

malaise cheerful feeling

mangle praise extravagantly

malcontent

mangy

adj/n. () : DISCONTENTED

adj. /

: dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs

: having many worn or bare spots

dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain

mangy sleek

daredevil : ? :: malcontent : dissatisfaction

mangy decorous

sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain

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manic

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

adj.

: affected with, relating to, or resembling mania

masquerade

hidebound : conservative :: manic : interested(>)

: to assume the appearance of something one is not

{peeved : annoyed} !

dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling

v. ~ /

enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia(<)

massive
manifest

n.

adj.

massive slight

: a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle

(as a ship or plane)

masticate

inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo

: to grind or crush (food) with or as if with the teeth in

repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting

preparation for swallowing

repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo

lung : respire :: tooth : masticate

v.

{eye : envision, ear : resonate} !

manipulate

v. /

: to manage or utilize skillfully

master

: to change by artful or unfair means so as to serve

masterful inept

one's purpose

master : experience :: luminary : eminence

n.

dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict

manipulative guileless

matchless

adj. : PEERLESS

: having no equal
mansion

n.

matchless equal

: a large imposing residence

mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile

matriculate

v/n. /

: to enroll as a member of a body and especially of a college or

manumit

v.

university

: to free from slavery or bondage

inauguration : official :: matriculation : student

manumit enslave

inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation(#)

detain manumit

commencement matriculation

manuscript

mattress

n.

n.

archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon

tablecloth : table :: sheet : mattress

mar

maudlin

v.

adj. ()

: to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of;

: weakly and effusively sentimental

spoil

maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious: deferential (>)

burnish : dull :: mar : flawless

maudlin unsentimental

mar enhance
maven
marshy

adj.

marsh : sodden :: desert : arid

n.

: one who is experienced or knowledgeable

maven : experience :: luminary : eminence

marshy arid
maverick
marsupial

n.

kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent

n. /

: an independent individual who does not go along with a group

or party
dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group

martinet

n.

: One who demands absolute adherence to forms and

maverick follower
maverick conform to tradition

rules
martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning

mawkish

{gourmet : food} !

: sickly or puerilely sentimental

stickler : exacting :: martinet : discipline

mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship(>)

martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication

mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative(>)

martinet indulgent person

mawkish : sentimental :: gullible : trustable(>)

adj. [ ] ()

{peeved : annoyed} !
marvel

n/v. /

mawkish unsentimental

: something that causes wonder or astonishment

meager

adj.

marvel mean

: deficient in quality or quantity

pedestrian marvelous

amplitude meagerness

86

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mean

Fifth Edition

adj. /

Editor : Juntack Lim

meliorism

n.

mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance

: the belief that society has an innate tendency toward

lavish mean

improvement and that this tendency may be furthered through

mean noble

conscious human effort.

meliorism : progress :: egalitarian : equity

meander

n/v. //

: to follow a winding and turning course

melodious

: to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction

melodious jarring

adj.

waft : plummet :: meander : dash(#)

meander move purposively

mellifluous

adj.

: flowing with sweetness or honey

measly

adj.

mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food

: contemptibly small

mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste

measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly

mellifluous raspy

measly grand
melody
measured

adj. / : DELIBERATE

n. : TUNEFULNESS

: a sweet or agreeable succession or arrangement of sounds

: marked by due proportion

melody : song :: ??

measure : dimension :: analyze : nature

pleasurable : paradise :: melodious : lyric

measured reckless

cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl

measured inappropriate

melodious jarring

meddlesome

membrane

adj.

: inclined to meddle or interfere

n.

pore : membrane :: door : wall

attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous(<)

cell : membrane :: seed : hull

attentive : meddlesome :: laconic : curt

door : wall :: eyelid : eye

officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel

meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue

menace

v. []

: to make a show of intention to harm

media

n.

odious : disgust :: menacing : fear

plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria

odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear

mediate

mend

v.

v.

: to interpose between parties in order to reconcile them

: to put into good shape or working order again

intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret

rend mend

intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict

mend:

mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction

.
darn: .

mediocre

adj. : ORDINARY

patch: ,

: of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or

performance

repair:

virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned

virtuosity mediocrity

mendacity

n. /

ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth

meditate

v.

mendacious honest
veracious mendacious

medley

n.

montage : images :: medley : songs

mendacity honesty/truthfulness
mendacity candor
mendacity veracity

meet

adj.

: precisely adapted to a particular situation, need, or

mentor

circumstance

: a trusted counselor or guide

: very proper

mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy

meet unfit

mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive

meld

v.

mercenary

n.

adj/n. /

meld divide

: one that serves merely for wages;

melded separate

into foreign service

87

especially :a soldier hired

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge

Editor : Juntack Lim

methodical haphazard

mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer

meticulous
mercurial

adj.

adj.

: marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or

: characterized by rapid and unpredictable

treatment of details

changeableness of mood

firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous

mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior

fluent : glib :: humorous : wry

profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed

{meticulous : finicky} !

scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy

meticulous carelessness

mercurial constant
metrical
merited

adj.

adj.

scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical

: deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to

condign undeserved/unmerited

mettle

gratuitous merited

: vigor and strength of spirit or temperament

merited unsuitable

insight : discern :: mettle : endure

n. / : COURAGE

mettle craven
mesh

v.

: to cause (as gears) to engage

miff

disengage mesh

: a trivial quarrel

n.

miff : quarrel :: foible : flaw

mesmerism

n. : HYPNOTISM

: hypnotic induction held to involve animal magnetism

migratory

zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest

migratory sedentary

adj.

exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting

mill
messy

adj. /

n.

: a building provided with machinery for grinding grain into

flour

metamorphose

v.

refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain

: to change into a wholly different form or appearance

metamorphose remain unaltered

milk

v. /

: to draw or coerce profit or advantage from illicitly or to an

metaphor

n.

: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally

extreme degree
milk : extract :: exploit : utilize(>)

denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of

another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them

mime

(as in drowning in money);

: to act a part with mimic gesture and action usually without

v.

metaphor : literal :: ??(#)

words

?? :: metaphor : description

parody : style :: mime : gesture

equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense

charade : word :: mime : story

equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity

euphemism : offense :: ambiguity : comprehension

mimicry

{metaphor : description} !

: a superficial resemblance of one organism to another or to

n. ( )

natural objects among which it lives that secures it a selective

meteoric

adj. /

: resembling a meteor in speed or in sudden and

advantage (as protection from predation)

mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation

temporary brilliance
fleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise

minaret

meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency(#)

spire : church :: minaret : mosque

n.

meteoric : plod :: ??
meteoric plodding/gradual

minatory

adj.

: of a menacing or threatening nature

meteorology

n.

minatory reassuring

demography : population :: meteorology : weather

minatory non-threatening

methodical

mince

adj. /

v.

: characterized by ordered and systematic habits or

: to walk with short steps in a prim affected manner

behavior

sip : drink :: mince : walk

methodical slipshod

quaff : sip :: stride : mince

88

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mingle

Fifth Edition

v. : INTERMIX

Editor : Juntack Lim

: one who behaves criminally or viciously

: to bring or mix together or with something else usually

miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion

without fundamental loss of identity

miscreant saint

mingle separate
sequester permit to mingle

mischievous

adj. /

: able or tending to cause annoyance, trouble, or minor injury ;

minion

n. /

irresponsibly playful

: a servile dependent, follower, or underling

insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp

minion : dependent :: groveler : petitioner

tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=)

rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy

mint

v/n. /

: to make (as coins) out of metal

miscreant

: a vast sum or amount

: one who behaves criminally or viciously

strike : medal :: mint : coin

miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion

mint modicum

miscreant law-abiding individual

adj/n. /

miscreant saint
minuscule

adj/n. /

: very small

misdemeanor

: a lowercase letter

crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision(>)

small : minuscule :: moist : saturated(<)

misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error(<)

n. /

minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish

miser
minute

adj. /

minute gargantuan

n.

miser : munificent :: zealot : blas

miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen

minutia

n.

/sycophant : fawn

/pundit : opine

: a minute or minor detail

parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent

minutia essential point

miser : stingy :: sage : judicious

minutia lengthy document

spendthrift miser

miracle

miserly

n.

adj. /

prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence

: of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser; especially :

ordinary miraculous

marked by grasping meanness and penuriousness

frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<)

mirage

n. /

: something illusory and unattainable

misfortune

maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory

boon misfortune

mire

v.

misgiving

n.

n. /

: to cause to be caught up in difficulties

: feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension

mire extricate

misgiving certainty
compunction absence of misgiving

mirth

n.

: gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with

mishap

laughter

catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)

mirth : laughter :: approval : applause

mishap : accidence :: peccadillo : offence

n.

oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic

misanthropy

n. /

: a hatred or distrust of mankind

mislead

misanthropist : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary

: to lead in a wrong direction or into a mistaken action or belief

beneficent : misanthropist :: ?daredevil

often by deliberate deceit

v.

mislead disabuse
misbehave

v.

: to behave (oneself) in an inappropriate way

misread

castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior

: to misinterpret or misunderstand

lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality(<)

misread interpret correctly

v. /

reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn

misnomer
miscreant

n.

89

n.

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

misrepresent

v.

tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate

Editor : Juntack Lim

discommode pacificate/ease/mollify
mollify antagonize/ire
pique mollify

mite

n.

mollify nettle

: very small object, creature, or particle

mite : creature :: speck : amount

mollycoddle

v.

: to surround with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence

mitigate

v. : ALLEVIATE

and attention

: to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or

chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)

intensity

mollycoddle treat harshly

mitigate : severe :: qualify : general

mitigate exacerbate

molt

n/v. [] : ECDYSIS

molt : feathers :: shed : hair

mnemonics

n.

fledging molt

: system to develop or improve the memory

hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memory

momentous

regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory

: of utmost importance ; of outstanding significance or

mnemonics : remember :: staff : walk

consequence

adj. : IMPORTANT, CONSEQUENTIAL

atrocious : bad :: momentous : important(>)

mobility

n. : MOVABLE

splint : mobility :: ballast : instability

momentum

splint : mobility :: purchase : slippery

oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter

n.

splint : immobilize :: duct : convey

monotonous
mockery

n.

adj. /

: uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone : marked by a

: specific act of ridicule or derision

sameness of pitch and intensity

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery

: tediously uniform or unvarying

patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery

monotonous piebald
monotonous multifarious

moderate

vt/adj. /

exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty(#)

monochromatic

moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness

: having or consisting of one color or hue

adj.

iridescent monochromatic
modicum

n.

chromatic colorless

: a small portion
: a limited quantity

monocle

inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity

: an eyeglass for one eye

modicum mint

monocle : eye :: ??

n.

modicum large amount

monopolize
molar

v.

n.

rib : bone :: molar : tooth

monotone

adj. : MONOTONIC

vociferous reticent/monotone
molding

n.

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt

montage

hem : garment :: molding : cabinet

: a composite picture made by combining several separate

n.

pictures
mogul

n. /

: a rich or powerful person

montage : images :: medley : songs

zigzag : turns :: montage : images

mogul nonentity
morass
mollify

v. : APPEASE

: to soothe in temper or disposition

n.

: something that traps, confuses, or impedes

morass : irritating :: ??

mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure

mollify : anger :: heart : dejection

moratorium

mollify rouse

: a legally authorized period of delay in the performance of a

mollify vex

legal obligation or the payment of a debt

mollify rankle

: a suspension of activity

vex/rankle mollify

reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity

90

n. /

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

fast : eat :: moratorium : act

shades of color as if stained

moratorium : activity :: respite : labor

striated : groove :: mottled/dappled : spot

mottle blanch

morbid

adj. /

: affected with or induced by disease

mottled homogenous
mottled solid

morbid wholesome
morbid hale

mournful

adj. : GLOOMY

: causing sorrow or melancholy

mordant

adj. : INCISIVE

mordant genial
moribund

adj. /

: being in the state of dying : approaching death

jovial mournful
revelry mournfulness
movement

n.

stanza : poem :: movement : orchestra

moribund beginning
moribund nascent

muddy

adj.

: obscure in meaning
morose

adj.

muddy clear

: having a sullen and gloomy disposition

morose cheerful

muffle

sanguine morose

: to wrap or pad with something to dull the sound

jovial morose

plangent muffled

jocund morose

resonant muffled

v. ( )

rejoicing morose
mulish
mortar

n.

adj.

: unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate

hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar

despicable : value :: mulish : flexibility

mortar : grind :: canvas : paint

flexible mulish
pliant mulish

mosaic

n. []

mosaic : ceramic :: patchwork : cloth

mull

n. : PONDER

piece : jigsaw puzzle :: tile : mosaic

multifarious
mosque

n.

spire : church :: minaret : mosque

adj. : DIVERSE

: having or occurring in great variety

monotonous multifarious
multifarious lacking diversity

mosquito

n.

mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter

mumble

v.

: to utter with a low inarticulate voice

moth-eaten

adj. /

moth-eaten fresh and new

enunciate mumble
murmur : .
mumble : .

motile

adj.

: exhibiting or capable of movement

mutter :
.

motility stasis
mundane
motivate

v. : IMPEL

adj. / : COMMONPLACE

: of, relating to, or characteristic of the world

exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir

: characterized by the practical, transitory, and ordinary

exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit

mundane exotic

fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

mundane extraordinary
mundane unusual

motley

adj. /

: variegated in color

municipality

n.

: composed of diverse often incongruous elements

motley colorless

munificent

motley unique

: very liberal in giving or bestowing

motley unvaried

miser : munificent :: zealot : blas

mottle

v.

: to mark with spots or blotches of different color or

mural

adj.

n.

petrography : rock :: mural : wall

91

KOREA GRE

murky

Fifth Edition

adj. /

Editor : Juntack Lim

natty

adj. : SMART

: darkly vague or obscure

: trimly neat and tidy

limpid murky

natty slovenly

murky clear
pellucid murky

nauseate

v.

: to feel disgust
murmur

v.

vertigo : nauseate :: ??

croon : sing :: murmur : speak

naysayer
mushroom

v.

: to spring up suddenly or multiply rapidly

n.

: one who denies, refuses, opposes, or is skeptical or cynical

about something
concur naysay

mutation

n. /

: a significant and basic alteration

nebulous

: an individual strain or trait resulting from mutation

: lacking definite form or limits

mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation

nebulous distinct/unambiguous

adj. : INDISTINCT, VAGUE

nebulous clear
mute

v.

nebulous limpid

mute amplify
needy
myopia

n. /

: a lack of foresight or discernment

adj. : POVERTY-STRICKEN

: being in want
affluent needy

: a narrow view of something

myopic discerning

nefarious

myopia prescience

: flagrantly wicked or impious

myopic farseeing

nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality

shrewd myopic

nefarious virtuous

adj. : EVIL

nefarious above reproach

myriad

adj.

nefarious beyond reproach

countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number

nefarious exemplary

:: everlasting/interminable : duration
myriad few

negative

n.

negotiate
N

v.

: to confer with another so as to arrive at the settlement of

some matter
clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations

nadir

n.

: the lowest point

negotiator : agreement :: ??
tenacious negotiable

nadir summit
nadir acme

neophyte

n. : PROSELYTE

inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel

nag

v.

: to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging

nepotism

n.

: favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on kinship

naive

adj. : CREDULOUS

nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend

: lacking worldly experience and understanding

nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud

guile : naive :: tardy : prompt

nepotism : relative :: jingoism : nationality

worldly naive
nerve
narcissism

n.

v.

: to give strength or courage to : supply with physical or moral

: love of or sexual desire for one's own body

force

narcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious

appall embolden/nerve

narcissism : love :: guilt : blame(>)

nervy diffident

nascent

adj. /

nestle

v.

: coming or having recently come into existence

: to settle snugly and comfortably

moribund nascent

nestle flinch/recoil/shrink

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nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity

nettle

v. /

: to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger

nonchalant

adj. [,]/

: having an air of easy unconcern or indifference

imputable : nettle :: ??

anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite

mollify nettle

nonchalance perturbation

conciliate nettle
noncommittal
neutralize
v. /
: to counteract the activity or effect of

adj. : AMBIGUOUS

: giving no clear indication of attitude or feeling

noncommittal confirmable

:make ineffective
neutralize : effectiveness :: ??

nondescript

adj. / : DULL, DRAB

: belonging or appearing to belong to no particular class or

nibble

v.

kind : not easily described

: to eat or chew in small bits

nondescript : note :: rare : collect

quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble

nondescript conspicuous

swill : sip :: gobble : nibble

nondescript striking
nondescript remarkable

nicety

n. /

: careful attention to details : delicate exactness

nonentity

: a fine point, small detail, or subtle distinction

: a person of little consequence or significance

nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy

dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence

n.

nicety : distinction :: intimation : communication

nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody

nonflammable

adj. /

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible

nil

n. ()

nil : quantity :: vacuum : matter

nonplus

n/v [] : QUANDARY

: a state of bafflement or perplexity

nip

v. : TIPPLE

infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity

: to take liquor in nips

nip : drink :: jot : write

nonsense

n.

: words or language having no meaning or conveying no

nitpick

v.

: to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant

intelligible ideas
nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast

details
nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object(<)

nostrum

nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil

: a medicine of secret composition recommended by its

nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon

preparer but usually without scientific proof of its effectiveness

nocturnal

adj.

diurnal nocturnal

notch

n. /

n. V

serrated without notches/smooth

nocturnal happening during daytime

novelty
noisome

adj. /

n.

: something new or unusual

: offensive to the senses and especially to the sense of

threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness(#)

smell

ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter

noisome beneficial/pleasant/healthy

novel : chapter :: dance : step

noisome attractively fragrant

banal novel

noisome appealing

timeworn novel

nomad

n.

: a member of a people who have no fixed residence but

noxious

adj.

: physically harmful or destructive to living beings

move from place to place usually seasonally and within

noxious beneficial

a well-defined territory

noxious salubrious

nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer

noxious harmless

nominal

nuance

adj. / : TRIFLING,

n.

INSIGNIFICANT

: a subtle distinction or variation

: existing in name only

nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion(<)

: insignificantly small
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nuance patent difference

obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection

nuance lack of subtleness

obeisant impertinent

nuance sharp distinction

impudent obeisant

nucleate

v. : CLUSTER

obfuscate

v. : DARKEN

: to form into a nucleus

: to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive

nucleate disseminate/scatter

or understand
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense

nudge

v. () /

equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity

: to touch or push gently; especially : to seek the

{metaphor : description} !

attention of by a push of the elbow

coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate

: to prod lightly

headstrong : willfulness :: obfuscating : confusing(=)

nudge : push :: ??

rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible

butt : head :: nudge : elbow

obfuscate elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly

doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod

obfuscate clarify
obfuscate lucid

nugatory

adj.

nugatory consequential

obituary

n.

: a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical

numb

adj. /

: devoid of sensation especially as a result of cold or

account
roster : staff :: obituary : death

anesthesia
numb sensate

obligatory

adj. / : MANDATORY, REQUIRED

: binding in law or conscience

nurture

v.

elected : obliged :: ??

nurture withhold sustenance from

discretionary obligatory

nurture disregard

selective/elective obligatory

nurture stunt
nurture impede

obliging

nurture stunt

: willing to do favors

adj. : ACCOMMODATING

visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)

discommode oblige
O
oblique

adj. / : INDIRECT, OBSCURE

: not straightforward
oafish

adj. : BOOB

: regarded as stupid or clumsy

obdurate

adj. /

: neither perpendicular nor parallel

oblique direct
obliterate

v.

: stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing

: to remove utterly from recognition or memory

: resistant to persuasion or softening influences

inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove(>)

firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous

inter : burial :: obliterate : removal

energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate(<)

obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet

penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)

ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate

toward obdurate

unexpurgated obliterated

obdurate amenable
oblivious
obedient

adj.

adj. //

: lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention

: dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or

: lacking active conscious knowledge or awareness

instructions of one in authority

erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect

contumacious obedient

forget : oblivion :: forgo : disuse

imperial obedient

oblivious : attentive :: ??

obedient : .

cognizant oblivious

compliant : .

oblivious vigilant

docile :

oblivious mindful
vigilant oblivious

obeisance

n. / : DEFERENCE, HOMAGE

: a movement of the body made in token of respect or

obloquy

submission

: abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny

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adulation obloquy

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obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth

obstruct facilitate

obscure

adj. // :

occluded unobstructed

MYSTERIOUS

obstructed unocclude

: not readily understood or clearly expressed

abet obstruct

: relatively unknown
: to make dark, dim, or indistinct

obtuse

celebrity obscurity

: lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect

explicit obscure

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse

legendary obscure

restive : calm :: keen : obtuse

obscure clarify

parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen(#)

obscure elucidate

obtuse acute/keen

obsequious

obviate

adj. /

adj. / : INSENSITIVE

v.

: marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness

: to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make

condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn(=)

unnecessary (as an action)

libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious

emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary

frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (<)

obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller

narcissist : self absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious

obsequious : attentiveness :: parsimoniousfrugality

occlude

obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield

: to close up or block off

obsequiousservile :: belligerentassertive(<)

occluded unobstructed

querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery

obstructed unocclude

v. / : OBSTRUCT

supercilious obsequious
occult
observatory

n.

adj. : ABSTRUSE, MYSTERIOUS

: not easily apprehended or understood

: a building or place given over to or equipped for

: not revealed

observation of natural phenomena (as in astronomy)

occult bare/patent/readily fathomable

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology

occult manifest

conservatory : music :: observatory : astronomy

occurrence
obsess

v.

: to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of

n.

: something that occurs

prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence

agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern(>)

firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed(<)

ode

obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous(>)

: a lyric poem usually marked by exaltation of feeling and style,

obsessed : attracted :: intimate : close

varying length of line, and complexity of stanza forms

n.

chord : tone :: ode : poem

obsolete

adj. /

ode : poetry :: spoof : parody

: of a kind or style no longer current

odious
obstacle

n.

adj. /

: exciting or deserving hatred or repugnance

: something that impedes progress or achievement

blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede

odious : disgust :: menacing : fear

odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear

obstinate

adj. /

: perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course

odium

in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion

: hatred and condemnation accompanied by loathing or

obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend

contempt

unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade

: disrepute or infamy attached to something

tractable

hankering odium

insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

odium infatuation

n. //

odium esteem
obstreperous

adj. : UNRULY

: stubbornly resistant to control

offbeat

obstreperous disciplined

: not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern; unconventional

adj. : ECCENTRIC, UNCONVENTIONAL

offbeat conventional/hackneyed
obstruct

v. : IMPEDE

: to hinder from passage, action, or operation

offend

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: to cause dislike, anger, or vexation

opaque

deferential : offend :: scornful : respect

: blocking the passage of radiant energy and especially light

equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense

: hard to understand or explain

equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity

slack : tension :: opaque : translucence

euphemism : offend :: invulnerability :injure

opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid

euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse

diaphanous opaque

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense

clarity opaque

intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend

opacity transparency

adj. /

obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend

pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend

opine

politic : offend :: aloof : associate

: to express opinions

remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove

augur : predict :: pundit : opine

v.

peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture

opportune
offhand

adj. : EXTEMPORE

adj. /

: suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence

: without premeditation or preparation

: occurring at an appropriate time

offhand premeditated

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience(=)

opportune inconvenient

officious

adj. / :

MEDDLESOME

oppose

: volunteering one's services where they are neither

: to place over against something so as to provide resistance,

asked nor needed

counterbalance, or contrast

attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish(<)

oppose : thwart :: treat : cure(<)

v.

{absorbed : engrossed} !
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel

oppression

visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)

: unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power

officiousattentive :: parsimonyfrugal

oppression : disagreement :: ??(>)

n.

politic injudicious
{officious} !

opprobrious

adj. / : SCURRILOUS

: expressive of opprobrium
offish

adj. : STANDOFFISH

: somewhat cold and reserved

opprobrious : blameless :: ??
opprobrious irreproachable

offish sociable
optimal
ominous

adj. /

: being or exhibiting an omen

adj. /

: most desirable or satisfactory

invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve

auspicious ominous
optimization
omnipresent

adj.

n.

: an act, process, or methodology of making something (as a

: present everywhere simultaneously

design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, or

[omni: all ]

effective as possible
optimization : improve :: ??

omniscient

adj. /

: having infinite awareness, understanding, and insight

opulent

vacuous omniscient

: amply or plentifully provided or fashioned often to the point of

adj. /

ostentation
omnipotent

adj.

: having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force

oracle

n.

: a person considered to be a source of wise counsel or

onerous

adj. /

: troublesome or oppressive; burdensome

prophetic opinions
mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy

onerous requiring little effort

oration
opacity

n. /

n.

: an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified

: the quality or state of a body that makes it impervious

manner

to the rays of light

oration : hear :: novel : see

opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid

orator: address :: preachersermon

opacity transparency
orchestra

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orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf

Editor : Juntack Lim

oust instate

pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra

stanza : poem :: movement : orchestra

outgoing

instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe

: openly friendly and responsive

adj. : EXTROVERTED

extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist : exacting

ordinary

adj.

: of no exceptional ability, degree, or quality; average

outlandish

ordinary miraculous

: conspicuously unconventional

inimitable ordinary

outlandish conventional

original

outmaneuver

adj.

adj.

v.

: not secondary, derivative, or imitative

: to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever maneuvering

babble : sense :: parrot :: originality

outmaneuver yield

hodgepodge : uniformity :: clich : original(#)

banality original

outmoded

commonplace original

: no longer acceptable, current, or usable

pastiche original work

outmoded original

ornithology

n.

ornithology : eaglet :: astronomy : planet

outwit

adj.

v. : OUTSMART

: to get the better of by superior cleverness

taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit

orthodoxy

n. /

: the quality or state of being conforming to established

overbearing

doctrine especially in religion

: harshly and haughtily arrogant

religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy(=)

unassuming overbearing

dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group

overbearing meek

oscillate

v. /

overdose

adj. /

n.

: to swing backward and forward like a pendulum

: too great a dose (as of a therapeutic agent);

oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter

overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention

oscillation imperturbation

dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment

dose : medicine :: current : river

ossify

v. /

: to mold into a rigidly conventional pattern

overexposure

depreciation : value :: ossification : flexible(#)

: to expose excessively;

ossify transcend conventions

excessive radiation (as light)

ossify make pliant

overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune

ostensible

adj. ( )

overhaul

n.
especially :to expose (as film) to

v. : REPAIR

: being such in appearance : plausible rather than

: to examine thoroughly

demonstrably true or real

overhaul skim

ostensible substantial
overlap
ostentatious

adj. /

: marked by or fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and

v.

: to occupy the same area in part

infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap(#)

sometimes pretentious display

ostentation modesty

overt

adj. / : MANIFEST

: open to view
ostracism

n. /

: exclusion by general consent from common privileges

clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly(=)

shadowy overt

or social acceptance
pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine

overture

ostracize take in

: an initiative toward agreement or action

n. : PROPOSAL

ostracize welcome

: something introductory

ostracize include/embrace

veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory

ostracize invite to join

overture : introductory :: caveat : warning

overtureintroductory :: caveat : cautionary

oust

v.

: to eject from a position or place

preludeintroductory :: caveat : cautionary

preambleintroductory :: caveat : cautionary

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overture : symphony :: preface : book

Editor : Juntack Lim

palatable

adj.

: agreeable to the palate or taste

overwhelm

v.

palatable : savory :: discernible : manifest(=)

: to overcome by superior force or numbers

palate : mouth :: ceiling : room

usurp : take :: overwhelm : defeat(>)

palatial
overwrought

adj. : AGITATED

: extremely excited

adj. /

: of relating to, or being a palace

palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city (#)
palatial : hovel :: bucolic : metropolis

oxymoron

n.

: a combination of contradictory or incongruous words,

palette

for example open secret, young-old man

: a particular range, quality, or use of color

apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox

palette : color :: repertoire : play

n.

equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous

oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic

pall

v. /

: to lose in interest or attraction

pall interest/intrigue
P
palliate

v. : ABATE

: to reduce the violence of (a disease)

pachyderm

n.

pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative

: any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals (as an

enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve

elephant, a rhinoceros, or a pig) most of which have a

palliate : angry :: enfeeble : vigorous

thick skin

caustic palliating/genial

pachyderm : animal :: ant : insect

palliate exacerbate
palliate worsen

pacify

v. : SOOTHE

: to allay the anger or agitation of

pallor

solace : grief :: pacification : anger

: deficiency of color especially of the face

n. : PALENESS

rankle pacify
tantrum pacification

palmy

vex pacify/appease/soothe

: marked by prosperity

discommode pacificate/ease/mollify

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity

adj. : FLOURISHING

pacify gall
palpable
pack

n.

adj. / : MANIFEST,

TANGIBLE

: group of animals, such as dogs or wolves, that run and

: easily perceptible by the mind

hunt together

: capable of being touched or felt

orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf

elliptical palpable
palpable subtle

pact

n. / : COMPACT

palpability intangibility

: an international treaty
palter
padding

n.

v. : EQUIVOCATE

: to act insincerely or deceitfully

: material with which something is padded

palter : candor :: budge : diehard

padding : damage :: disguise : recognition

palter : candor :: betray : loyalty

padding : damage :: dam : flood

palter candor

padding : damage :: levee : flooding

paltry
paean

n. : ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE

: a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving,

adj. : INFERIOR, TRASHY, TRIVIAL

: lacking in importance or worth

paltry significant/important

or triumph
paean harshly lampoon

pan

n.

: a harsh criticism
painstaking

adj.

rave pan

: taking pains ; expending, showing, or involving

diligent care and effort

panache

cursory painstakingly thorough

: dash or flamboyance in style and action

n. / : VERVE

panache humility

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panache unremarkable behavior

paragon

n/v. /~

: a model of excellence or perfection

pandemic

adj. /

: to compare with ; to put in rivalry

pandemic limited

paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt

pandemic endemic

paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard

paragon : mediocrity :: ??

pandemonium

n. ( ) : TUMULT

travesty paragon

: a wild uproar
pandemonium serenity

parallel

adj.

: extending in the same direction, everywhere equidistant, and

pander

v. /

not meeting

: to act as a pander ; to provide gratification for others'

desires

paramount

adj. / : SUPREME

: superior to all others

panegyric

n.

: a eulogistic oration or writing;

painful : agonizing :: important : paramount(<)

also :formal or

elaborate praise

ancillary paramount
paramount unimportant

panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize

panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell

paranoia

panegyric anathema

: a tendency on the part of an individual or group toward

panegyric condemnation

excessive or irrational suspiciousness and distrustfulness of

panegyric denunciation

others

n.

enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia

panorama

n.

: an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every

paraphrase

direction

: to make a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the

panoramic narrow

meaning in another form

v.

paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise(#)

pantechnicon

n.

: a usually enclosed wagon or motortruck used for

parch

transportation of goods or animals

: to dry or shrivel with cold

pantechnicon : furniture :: ??

steep parch

pantry

n.

v.

pariah

n.

: a room (as in a hotel or hospital) for preparation of

: a social outcast

foods on order

paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt

pantry : food :: armory : weapons

pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine

pantry : food :: closet (wardrobe) : clothes

parity
parable

n.

n.

: the quality or state of being equal or equivalent

: a usually short fictitious story that illustrates a moral

parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent

attitude or a religious principle

parity inequality/incommensurateness

parable : story :: homily : lecture

parlance
paroxysm

n. [] : OUTBURST

: a sudden violent emotion or action

n. : IDIOM

: manner or mode of speech

gait : walk :: parlance : speak

paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive

parochial
paradigmatic

adj. : EXAMPLE, PATTERN

:an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype

adj. /

: confined or restricted as if within the borders of a parish;

limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or region)

paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard

parody
paradox

n. /

n.

: a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or

: a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed

work is closely imitated for comic effect or in ridicule

to common sense and yet is perhaps true

parody : style :: mime : gesture

apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox

ode : poetry :: spoof : parody

paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise

paradoxical congruent/common

parquetry

n. ()

: work in the form of usually geometrically patterned wood laid

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partisan : moderate :: rash : circumspect

fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor

passionate
parrot

v.

adj. /

: capable of, affected by, or expressing intense feeling

: to repeat by rote
babble : sense :: parrot : originality

pastiche

n.

: a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates

v. /

the style of previous work

: to evade especially by an adroit answer

parry

pastiche original work

duty : shirk :: question : parry

parry : question :: deflect : critic

patent

adj. : OBVIOUS

: readily visible or intelligible

parse

v.

: to resolve (as a sentence) into component parts of

abstruse accessible/patent
nuance patent difference

speech and describe them grammatically

occult bare/patent

scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical

patent not evident

specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse

recondite patent

parsimony

n. : THRIFT

pathology

n. /

: the quality of being careful with money or resources

: something abnormal deviation from propriety or from an

craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift

assumed normal state of something nonliving or nonmaterial

curt : words :: parsimonious : resource

pathological normal

miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal

parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend

patina

parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk

: a superficial covering or exterior

parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn

patina essential quality

n. /

parsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgent

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)

patriot

tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=)

: one who loves his or her country and supports its authority

parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (#)

and interests

parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen(#)

patriot : country :: partisan : course

n.

patriot : country :: partisan : course

hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure

patron

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence

: one that supports, protects, or champions someone or

n. /

largesse parsimony

something, such as an institution, event, or cause; a sponsor or

liberal parsimonious

benefactor

parsimonious wasteful

: a customer, especially a regular customer

profligate parsimonious

patron : support :: apologist : defend

parsimonious prodigal
patronize
pathogen

n.

v.

: to adopt an air of condescension toward ;treat haughtily or

: an agent that causes disease

coolly

stimulationarousal :: pathogendiseasing

condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn

patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery

partiality

n. : BIAS

patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)

: the quality or state of being partial

paucity
particularize

v. : SPECIFY

n. / : FEWNESS

: smallness of number

: to state in detail

paucity slew

illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details

profusion paucity

partisan

paunchy

n/adj. /

adj.

: a firm adherent to a party, faction, cause, or person;

: having an enlarged, swollen, or protruding abdomen

especially one exhibiting blind, prejudiced, and

svelte paunchy and awkward

unreasoning allegiance
: devoted to or biased in support of a party, group, or

pauper

cause

: a person destitute of means except such as are derived from

authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans

charity

patriot : country :: partisan : course

pauper : ostracize :: ??

100

n.

KOREA GRE

pebble

Fifth Edition

n.

Editor : Juntack Lim

pellucid

adj.

: a small usually rounded stone especially when worn by

: easy to understand

the action of water

venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand

droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

pellucid murky
murky clear/limpid

peccadillo

n.

: a slight offense

penalty

glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense

: the suffering in person, rights, or property that is annexed by

peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation(<)

law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime or public

peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture

offense

peccadillo : offense :: cameo : role

exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty

peck

n.

n. /

penchant

n. / : LIKING

: a quick light kiss

: a strong and continued inclination

peck : kiss :: glance : look

dreidel : penchant :: ??

peck : kiss :: peep : sound

penchant aversion
penchant dislike

pedagogue

n.

: a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher

penetrate

stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate

: to pass into or through

v.

impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid

pedant

n. ()

knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable

: one who exhibits one's learning or scholarship

ostentatiously

penitent

martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning

: feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for

mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship

sins or offenses

scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish(<)

penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)

moralistic : principled :: pedantic : learned(>)

penitent : remorse :: ??(=)

outspoken : saucy : erudite : pedantic

rueful/contrite impenitent

adj/n. [] : REPENTANT

pedantic : scholar :: histrionic : actor

pedant : learning :: hack : writing

pensive

adj. /

: musingly or dreamily thoughtful

pedestrian

adj. / : COMMONPLACE,

UNIMAGINATIVE

penury

pedestrian inspired

: a cramping and oppressive lack of resources (as money);

pedestrian imaginative

especially :severe

pedestrian uncommon

incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy

n.
poverty

penury affluence
peep

n.

penurious lavish

: uttering the slightest sound

peck : kiss :: peep : sound

perceptible

adj.

: capable of being perceived especially by the senses

peeve

v. : ANNOY

relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)

: to make peevish or resentful

pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)

peremptory

placate peeve

: characterized by often imperious or arrogant self-assurance

adj. /

parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn

peevish

adj. /

peremptory open to challenge

: querulous in temperament or mood

: marked by ill temper

perennial

peevish good-natured

: lasting or active through the year or through many years

adj. /

perennial fleeting
pejorative

adj. : DEPRECIATORY

: having negative connotations ; tending to disparage or

perfervid

belittle

: marked by overwrought or exaggerated emotion : excessively

: tending to make or become worse

fervent

adj. : IMPASSIONED

pejorative laudatory

perfervid impassive

pejorative meliorative

[per: completely, wrong]

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knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable

perfidy

n. : TREACHERY

: the quality or state of being faithless or disloyal

opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid

waterproof permeable

exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty(#)

perfidious faithful/loyal/trustworthful

permissivist

n. : TOLERANT

: granting or tending to grant permission

perforate

v. ~

: to pass through or into by or as if by making a hole

pernicious

perforate : hole :: pleat : fold

: highly injurious or destructive

perforate caulk

pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead

adj. : DEADLY

pernicious salutary
perfunctorily

adv. /

: lacking in interest or enthusiasm

perpetual

perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration

: continuing forever

perilous

extinction perpetuation

adj. : EVERLASTING

ephemeral permanent/perpetual
adj.

: full of or involving peril; dangerous

ephemeral transitory

perilous : danger :: impartial : mediator

transient perpetual

perimeter

n.

persecute

v.

: the boundary of a closed plane figure

: to harass in a manner designed to injure, grieve, or afflict;

country : border :: circle : perimeter

specifically :to cause to suffer because of belief

persecute : injure :: haunt : remember

peripatetic

adj. : ITINERANT

: moving or traveling from place to place

persevere

peripatetic stationary/rooted

: to persist in a state, enterprise, or undertaking in spite of

peripatetic sedentary

counter influences, opposition, or discouragement

v. /

obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend

peripheral

adj. /

persevere give up

: of relating to, involving, or forming a periphery or

surface part

persiflage

immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center(#)

: frivolous bantering talk ; light raillery

n. / : BANTER

crux peripheral element

peripheral central/in essence

personable

peripheral crucial

: pleasant or amiable in person

periphery important part

personable unattractive

adj. : ATTRACTIVE

periphery core
perspective
perjury

n.

n.

: a mental view or prospect

: the voluntary violation of an oath or vow either by

swearing to what is untrue or by omission to do what

perspicacious

has been promised under

: of acute mental vision or discernment

oath : false swearing :: perjury : deposition(#)

perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)

perspicacious obtuse/undiscerned

perjure depose

perspicacious dull

permanence

perspicuity

n. : DURABILITY

adj. : KEEN

n.

: the quality or state of being permanent

: plain to the understanding especially because of clarity and

evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency(#)

precision of presentation

heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent(#)

perspicuous dull

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience

ephemeral permanent/perpetual

pertain

extinction perpetuation

: be appropriate to something

interim permanent

pertain be irrelevant

v. /

transience permanence
pertinacious
permeable

adj. : PENETRABLE

adj. /

: adhering resolutely to an opinion, purpose, or design

: capable of being permeated ; especially :having pores

: stubbornly unyielding or tenacious

or openings that permit liquids or gases to pass through

inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory

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pertinacious tractable/pliable

phenomenal adj. / : EXTRAORDINARY,

pertinacity vacillation

REMARKABLE

pertinacious irresolute

phenomenal ordinary

pertinacious tractable

phenomenal unexceptional/commonplace

pertinent

philanthropic

adj.

adj. : HUMANITARIAN

: having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand

: of relating to or characterized by philanthropy

pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity

philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor

immaterial pertinent/relevant

resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality

pertinent irrelevant

resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : mercy

pertinence lack of relevance

philanthropist : eleemosynary :: ??

perturb

v. / : DISQUIET

philistine

n. /

: to disturb greatly in mind

: a smug, ignorant, especially middle-class person who is

impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy

regarded as being indifferent or antagonistic to artistic and

stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy

cultural values

perturbation serenity

dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated

perturbation equanimity

philistine aesthete

pervade

philosophical

v.

adj. /

: to become diffused throughout every part of

pervasive not widely distributed

phlegmatic

pervasiveness limited distribution

: having or showing a slow and stolid temperament

adj. / : IMPASSIVE

intractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke

pessimism

phlegmatic : arouse :: ??

n.

: an inclination to emphasize adverse aspects,

phlegmatic unsettled

conditions, and possibilities or to expect the worst

phlegmatic spirited

possible outcome

phlegmatic vivacious
phlegmatic sprightly

pesticide

n.

: a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects

piddling

insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide

: so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration

adj. / : TRIVIAL, PALTRY

restive : calmness :: piddling : considerable(#)

pestle

n.

: a usually club-shaped implement for pounding or

pigment

grinding substances in a mortar

: a coloring matter in animals and plants especially in a cell or

hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar

tissue
albino : pigment :: prairie : tree

pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen

/spice : flavor

/whetstone : sharpen

n.

/spoon : stir

awl : pierce :: pestle : hash

pilfer

v.

: to steal stealthily in small amounts and often again and again

petition

v. / : SOLICIT

abscond : depart :: pilfer : take

: to make a request to
minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary

pillar

n. : POST

: a slender, freestanding, vertical support

petrography

n.

colonnade : pillar :: queue : person

: the description and systematic classification of rocks

stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support

petrography : rock :: mural : wall

derelict pillar of society

petty

adj. / : MINOR, SUBORDINATE,

pillory

v. /

SMALL-MINDED

: to set in a pillory as punishment

: having little or no importance or significance

: to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn

: marked by or reflective of narrow interests and

admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory

sympathies

chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle

petty : notice :: mysterious : explain

pillory exalt

petulance

pilot

n. / : PEEVISHNESS

: the quality or state of being petulant

n. : HELMSMAN

: one employed to steer a ship

pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra

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substance (as a drug)

pine

v. /

placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous

: to yearn intensely and persistently especially for

placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista

something unattainable

placebo : innocuous :: venom : noxious

longing : pine :: remorse : rue

pine show disinterest

plagiarize

pine

: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's

become invigorated

v. /

own ; use (another's production) without crediting the source

pinnacle

n.

plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle

: an upright architectural member generally ending in a

small spire and used especially in Gothic construction to

plainspoken

give weight especially to a buttress

feigned plainspoken

adj. / : FRANK

pinnacle nadir/lowest point

plangent
pinpoint

n. /

adj. /

: having a loud reverberating sound

: something that is extremely small or insignificant

plangent muffled

: extremely fine or precise

platitude
piquant

adj. : SPICY

n.

: a banal, trite, or stale remark

: agreeably stimulating to the palate

postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal

piquant flat

equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal

piquant vapid
plaudit
pique

v. /

n.

: enthusiastic expression of praise or approval

: to arouse anger or resentment in

plaudit disapprobation

pique mollify
plausible
pith

n. /

adj.

: superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often specious

: the essential part

realist : plausible :: leadership : subordinate

pith unimportant point/superficial

element/insignificant part

plethora

n. /

plethora dearth
pithy

adj.

plethora shortage

: having substance and point : tersely cogent

pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

pliant

pithy prolix

: easily influenced

adj.

pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend

pitiless

pliant : indomitable :: modular : differentiated(#)

adj. : MERCILESS

pliable : influenced :: censorious : condemnatory

: devoid of pity

pliant unyielding/mulish
pittance

pliant obdurate

n.

: a small portion, amount, or allowance;

also :a

pliant obstinate

meager wage or remuneration

pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream

plight

cornucopia lack/pittance

: an unfortunate, difficult, or precarious situation

n/v. /

pittance crop

: to put or give in pledge

plight favorable condition

placate

v. : APPEASE

predicament, plight: .

: to soothe or mollify especially by concessions

dilemma, quandary: ,

inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated

galling placating
placate peeve/rile

plod

placate antagonize

: move or walk heavily and slowly

v.

placate disconcert

plod flit

placate surprise

plodding easy and light

meteoric ploding

placebo

n.

: an inert or innocuous substance used especially in

plot

controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another

: to plan or contrive especially secretly

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KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

cabal : association :: plot : plan

Editor : Juntack Lim

polemical compromising/conciliatory

joke : punch line :: plot : denouement

choreography : dance :: plot : story

polish

follow : shadow :: plot : scheme

: highly developed, finished, or refined

taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit

rustic polished

infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan

untutored polished

plot : plan :: inveigle : interest

gaucheness polish

pluck

n/v. //

n/v. / / : PERFECT

politic

adj. /

: courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds

: characterized by shrewdness in managing, contriving, or

: to play by sounding the strings with the fingers or a

dealing

pick

: shrewdly tactful

: to move, remove, or separate forcibly or abruptly

politic : offend :: aloof : associate

pluck : quit :: pride : grovel

politic unsophisticated

horn : blow :: harp : pluck

politic officious

pluck cowardice

politic injudicious

plucky craven
pluck insert

pollster

n.

: one that conducts a poll or compiles data obtained by a poll

plumb

v. /

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

: to measure or determine the depth of with a plumb

: to examine minutely and critically

Pollyanna

assess : value :: plumb : depth

: a person regarded as being foolishly or blindly optimistic

n.

measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter

gauge : pressure :: plumb : depth

pompous

plumb : depth :: survey : poll

: having or exhibiting self-importance

unplumbed : depth :: vagary : prediction

nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast

plumb : depth :: measure : dimensions

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive

plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy

/drawl : slow

/bluster : loud

ponderous

adj. /

adj. / : ARROGANT

/prate : aimless

plumb examine cursorily

plummet

v. /

: of very great weight

: to drop sharply and abruptly

: unwieldy or clumsy because of weight and size

fall/descend : plummet :: move : dart

: oppressively or unpleasantly dull

waft : plummet :: meander : dash(#)

ponderous ethereal/gossamer/lively

plummet : ascend :: ??

slight ponderous

plummet : descent :: meteor : rising

ponderous lively/vibrant/briskly

plummet raise rapidly

ponderous graceful and light

plummet ascend

ponderous frisky
ponderous vibrant

plump

adj.

: having a full rounded usually pleasing form

pontificate

svelte plump

: to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way

v.

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive

plurality

n. /

/drawl : slow

/bluster : loud

/prate: aimless

: the state of being numerous

pontificate : speak :: strut : walk

: a large number or quantity

pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk

plurality rarity

pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)

pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade

polarize

v.

pontificate comment tentatively/suggest diffidently

: to break up into opposing factions or groupings

pontifical humble/meek

polarize make compatible

pontificate speak tentatively

polarize unify
polarize coalesce

porcelain

n.

clay : porcelain :: flax : linen

polemic

n.

: an aggressive attack on or refutation of the opinions or

glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood

glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture

principles of another
polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive(>)

pore

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KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: a minute opening especially in an animal or plant;

potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling

especially :one by which matter passes through a

water : potable :: meat : edible

membrane
pore : membrane :: door : room

potentate

n.

: one who wields great power or sway

porous

adj. /

virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power

: capable of being penetrated

potentate subject

fragile : break :: porous : penetrate

potentate powerless person

porous : liquid :: transparent : light

porous impenetrable

potentiate

v. /

: to make effective or active or more effective or more active

portentous

adj. / : PRODIGIOUS

deactivate potentiate

: eliciting amazement or wonder

portentous regular

pout

portentous insipid

: to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips or wearing a

v. : SULK

sullen expression
portrait

n.

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure

portrait : painting :: jazz : music

/pout : displeasure

portrait : painting :: biography : history

pout grin

/sneer : contempt

portrait : person :: seascape : ocean

prairie
poseur

n.

: a person who pretends to be what he or she is not; an

n.

: one of the dry treeless plateaus predominantly in grass

albino : pigment :: prairie : tree

affected or insincere person

poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness

prate

poseur sincere person

: to talk long and idly

stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive

v. : CHATTER

/drawl : slow
posit

v. : POSTULATE

/bluster : loud

/prate : aimless

prate : speak :: saunter : walk

: to assume or affirm the existence of

posit deny as false

preach

v.

: to deliver a sermon
posterity

n. /

nitpicker : criticism :: preachersermon

: the offspring of one progenitor to the furthest

generation

precarious

antecedent posterity

: characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens

adj. /

with danger
postulate

v/n. ~ //

precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy

: to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary ;

impervious : ? :: precarious : stable

depend upon or start from the postulate of

precarious stable/safe

: a hypothesis advanced as an essential presupposition,

precarious secure

condition, or premise of a train of reasoning

postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal

precedent

postulate deny as false

: prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance

n/adj. /

preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession

posture

n/v. / :

ATTITUDINIZE

unexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedent

unique : precedent :: infinite : end

: an artificial or pretended attitude

: to assume an artificial or pretended attitude

precipice

posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant

: a very steep or overhanging place

posture behave naturally

precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness

pot

precipitate

n.

n. /

v.

: an enclosed framework of wire, wood, or wicker for

: to bring about especially abruptly

catching fish or lobsters

precipitate retard/dilatory

lobsterpot :: ??

precipitate deliberate

potable

precipitation

adj. : DRINKABLE

: suitable for drinking

n. ()

: something precipitated ; as a deposit on the earth of hail,

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mist, rain, sleet, or snow

Editor : Juntack Lim

prefatory conclusive

snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone

prefigure
precipitous

adj. /

v. /

: to show, suggest, or announce by an antecedent type, image,

: very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall

or likeness

plateau : precipitous :: ??

prefiguration derivative

precipitous level
precipitous gradually sloping

pregnant

precipitous slope slowly

: abounding in fancy, wit, or resourcefulness

adj. / : INVENTIVE

: rich in significance or implication

preclude

v. : PREVENT

inane expressive/meaningful/pregnant/significant/weighty

: to make impossible, as by action taken in advance

preclude to make possible

preliminary

adj.

: coming before and usually forming a necessary prelude to

precursor

n. /

something else

: one that precedes and indicates the approach of

another

premeditated

precursory derivative

: characterized by fully conscious willful intent and a measure

precursor sequel

of forethought and planning

precursor sequela

offhand premeditated

adj.

spontaneous premeditate
predecessor

n. /

: one that precedes;

especially :a person who has

preponderant

adj. /

previously occupied a position or office to which another

: having superior weight, force, or influence

has succeeded

preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight

legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor

preponderant commensurate/secondary
preponderant subordinate

predestine

v.

preponderant unimportant

: to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain

preponderant subsidiary

predestine leave to chance

preponderant concomitant

predicament

n. /

prepossessing

adj. : ATTRACTIVE

: a situation, especially an unpleasant, troublesome, or

: tending to create a favorable impression

trying one, from which extrication is difficult

unprepossessing entrancing/winsome

predilection

n.

preposterous

adj. / : ABSURD

: an established preference for something

: contrary to nature, reason, or common sense

predilection propensity to dislike

preposterous commonsensical

preeminent

adj. : OUTSTANDING

presage

v. / : FORETELL, PREDICT

: having paramount rank, dignity, or importance

: to give an omen or warning of

preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight

harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify

efface bring to preeminent

prescience
preempt

v.

n. / : FORESIGHT

: foreknowledge of events:

: take precedence over

: human anticipation of the course of events

preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession

dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict

prescience myopia

preen

v. / : PRIMP

: to dress or smooth (oneself) up

prescription

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen

: a written direction for a therapeutic or corrective agent

ingenuous : dissemble :: polite : snub

: one for the preparation and use of a medicine

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen

overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention

/sycophant : fawn

n.

/pundit : opine

preen ruffle

presentiment

n. : PREMONITION

: a feeling that something will or is about to happen

preface

n.

: the introductory remarks of a speaker or author

preservative

preface epilogue

: an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration, or

107

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KOREA GRE

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spoilage

Editor : Juntack Lim

primordial most recent

censorship : communication :: preservative : decay

preservativedecay :: anchordrift/shift

primp

v.

: to dress, adorn, or arrange in a careful or finicky manner

prestige

n. /

primp : vain :: gloat : smug

: standing or estimation in the eyes of people ; weight

or credit in general opinion

principal

eclipseprestige :: enfeeblevigor

: most important, consequential, or influential

abaseprestige :: dampardor

principal subordinate

presumptuous

adj. /

: overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy)

prissy

adj. : CHIEF

adj. : FINICKY

: being prim and precise

: taking liberties
transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety

pristine

presumptuous : unruly :: ??

: not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted (as by civilization)

adj. / : PURE

pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation

pretense

n. /

demanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine(#)

: the act of pretending; a false appearance or action

pristine : blemish :: ??

intended to deceive

squalid pristine

pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove

pristine taint

pretentious

adj. //

privilege

n. : PREROGATIVE

: expressive of affected, unwarranted, or exaggerated

: a right or immunity granted as a peculiar benefit, advantage,

importance, worth, or stature

or favor

: making demands on one's skill, ability, or means

pretentious unaffected

probe

v.

: to search into and explore with great thoroughness

preternatural

adj.

cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)

: existing outside of nature

: exceeding what is natural or regular

probity

preternatural ordinary

: adherence to the highest principles and ideals

[preter: ]

probity unscrupulousness

n. / : UPRIGHTNESS

probity shiftiness
prevail

v. : TRIUMPH

: to be greater in strength or influence; triumph

proclivity

prevail yield

: natural propensity or inclination; predisposition

n.

proclivity aversion
prevalent

adj. : WIDESPREAD

: widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or

procrastinate

practiced

: to put off intentionally the doing of something that should be

prevalent unusual

done

v.

dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain

prevaricate

v. : EQUIVOCATE

: to deviate from the truth

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)

procrastination diligence

blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive

equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth

procure

prevaricate : candid :: ??

: to get possession of

v.

: obtain by particular care and effort

prickly

adj. /

procure relinquish

: marked by prickling or tingling or smarting

prickly smooth

prod

n/v. / : STIR

: to incite to action
prime

adj/n. /

: to poke or stir as if with a prod

: first or early in time, order, or sequence; original

doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod

prime uninitial

rein prod

primordial

adj.

prodigal

adj. : LAVISH

: first created or developed ; existing in or persisting

: characterized by wasteful expenditure

from the beginning

mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance

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miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal

prolix

parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend

: marked by or using an excess of words

husbandry prodigality

pithy prolix

parsimonious prodigal

prolixity succinctness

prodigal frugal

adj. /

taciturn prolix
terse prolix

prodigy

n. /

: a highly talented child or youth

prolong

: something extraordinary or inexplicable

prolong truncate

v.

prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence

?? :: mediocrity : prodigy

prominent

prodigious : amaze :: ??

: readily noticeable

prodigious slight

: widely and popularly known

adj. / : CONSPICUOUS

prominent : notice :: lucidunderstand

profane

v. : DESECRATE

: to treat (something sacred) with abuse, irreverence, or

eclipse make more prominent/bring to more prominent

prominent inconspicuous

contempt
pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable(#)

proximal

inviolable profane/impure

: situated close to

adj. [,] : PROXIMATE

: next to or nearest the point of attachment or origin, a central

proffer

v. : TENDER, OFFER

proffer retain

point, or the point of view

proximal distal
proximal

proficient

adj.

: having or marked by an advanced degree of

promote

competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or

: to contribute to the growth or prosperity of

v. / : FURTHER

branch of learning

abate intensify/promote

proficient inept

subside promote

proficient incompetent
promulgate
profligate

adj. / : PRODIGAL

v.

: to make known (a decree, for example) by public declaration;

: completely given up to dissipation and licentiousness

announce officially

profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed(#)

promulgate keep secrete

garrulous : words :: profligate : money

loquacious : word :: profligate : money

propagate

parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance

: to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater

profligate parsimonious/frugal

area

provident profligate

propagate check

v. / : EXTEND

temperance profligacy
profligate economy

propensity

n.

: an often intense natural inclination or preference

profusion

n.

propensity aversion

: great quantity; lavish display or supply

profusion paucity

propitious

profuse scanty

: presenting favorable circumstances

adj. /

propitious unfavorable
prohibitive

adj. /

: prohibiting; forbidding.

prophetic

: so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or

: foretelling events as if by divine inspiration

use

mentorguidance :: oracleprophecy

adj. : PREDICTIVE

veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory

prohibitive : purchase :: peremptory : dispute

propitiate

v. / : APPEASE, CONCILIATE

: to gain or regain the favor or good will of

proliferate

v.

immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated(#)

: to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds,

inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated

or offspring

propitiate incense

proliferate dwindle

propitiate antagonize

proliferate decrease in mount

propitiate denounce

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KOREA GRE
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adj. / BENEVOLENT

: favorably disposed

: a leading actor, character, or participant in a literary work or

real event

inauspicious propitious
propitious unfavorable

protean

adj. / : VERSATILE

: displaying great diversity or variety

proposal

n.

circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid(#)

protean static

prosaic

adj. / : DULL,

UNIMAGINATIVE, EVERYDAY, ORDINARY

protest

: lacking in imagination and spirit

: to execute or have executed a formal protest against (as a bill

prosaic exceptional/imaginary/exciting

or note)

prosaic preternatural

protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat(>)

v. /

prosaic extraordinary
ingenious prosaic

protocol

n.

: a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and

proscribe

v. / : PROHIBIT

precedence (as in diplomatic exchange and in the military

: to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful

services)

proscribed permitted

protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage

proscription permission

grammar : language :: protocol : conduct

prosecution

n.

: the act or process of prosecuting;

protract
specifically :the

v. : CONTINUE

: to prolong in time or space

institution and continuance of a criminal suit involving

protract : length :: throng : number

the process of pursuing formal charges against an

protract curtail

offender to final judgment

protract truncate

mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction

summary protracted

proselytize

v.

protuberant

adj. / : PROMINENT

: to induce someone to convert to one's faith

: thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface often as

hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert

a rounded mass

salesperson : buy :: proselytizerconvert

protuberant depressed

swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert

proselytizer : controvert :: mediator : reconcile

provident

adj. : FRUGAL, SAVING

provident profligate
prospect

v. ( )

: to explore an area especially for mineral deposits

providential

prospect : mineral :: investigate : information

: happening as if through divine intervention; opportune

adj. /

providential unfortunate/mishap
prosperous

adj. : PALMY

: marked by success or economic well-being

provincial

: enjoying vigorous and healthy growth

bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity(=)

provincial ecumenical

adj/n. () : NARROW

impecunious wealthy/prosperous/affluent
prosperous depressed

provisional

adj. : TEMPORARY

: provided or serving only for the time being

prostrate

adj/v. //

definitive provisional

: trailing on the ground

: completely overcome and lacking vitality, will, or

provisory

power to rise

: depending on a proviso

: to put (oneself) in a humble and submissive posture or

provisory unconditional

adj. : CONDITIONAL

state
prostrate erect

provoke

prostrate upright

: to call forth (as a feeling or action)

prostrate strengthen

choleric difficult to provoke

prostrate uphold

jejune thought provoking

v. : EVOKE

suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke(#)

protagonist

n.

: the principal character in a literary work (as a drama

prowess

or story)

: distinguished bravery

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: military valor and skill

small

prowess timidity

pulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehended

pulverize solidify

proximity

n. [,]

: the state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next

punch line n.

proximity distance

: the sentence, statement, or phrase (as in a joke) that makes

the point

prude

n.

: a person who is excessively or priggishly attentive to

joke : punch line :: plot : denouement

pun : joke :: supernova : star

propriety or decorum
: a woman who shows or affects extreme modesty

punctilious

fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper

: marked by or concerned about precise accordance with the

adj. (,)

details of codes or conventions

prudent

adj. : DISCREET

: marked by circumspection

dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated

punctilious remiss

prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton

fool prudent

puncture

n/v. [ ]

: a hole or depression made by a sharp object, especially a hole

prudish

adj. : PRIGGISH

: marked by or exhibiting the characteristics of a prude

in an automotive tire
puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled

scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish

pundit
prune

n.

n. : CRITIC

: one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner

: a plum dried or capable of drying without fermentation

augur : predict :: pundit : opine

prune : plum :: raisin : grape

authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen

pry

v.

/sycophant : fawn

/pundit : opine

: to look closely or inquisitively ; to make a nosy or

pundit : opinion :: augur : prediction

presumptuous inquiry

recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine

prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful

pungent
psychology

n.

adj. / : CAUSTIC

: marked by a sharp incisive quality

fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

pungency blandness

pucker

puny

v.

adj. / : WEAK

: to gather into small wrinkles or folds

: slight or inferior in power, size, or importance

astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal

measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly

puny enormous

puckish

adj. : IMPISH, WHIMSICAL

puckish sober/grave

purebred

puckish staid

: of or belonging to a recognized strain established by breeding

adj.

individuals of unmixed lineage over many generations

puerile

adj. / : CHILDISH, SILLY

hybrid purebred

puerile sagacious
puerile mature

purgatory

n.

: a place or state of temporary suffering or misery

puissance

n. / : POWER

clout impuissance

purist

n. /

: one who adheres strictly and often excessively to a tradition

pulchritude

n.

stickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist : adulteration

: great physical beauty and appeal

heretic purist

pulchritude ugliness/hideousness

purist radical/liberal

pulchritude homeliness
purity
pullet

n.

filly : horse :: pullet : chicken

n. /

: the quality or state of being pure

mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter
synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity

pulverize

v.

: to reduce (as by crushing, beating, or grinding) to very

winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities

winnow : grain :: purify : water

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distill : purity :: leaven : volume

alloy : purity :: thinness : density(#)

quandary

inviolable profane/impure

: a state of uncertainty or perplexity

n. /

quandary state of complete certainty

purlieu

n. : HAUNT

: a frequently visited place

quarantine

taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu(#)

: a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or

purlieu infrequent place

the transport of goods designed to prevent the spread of

n.

disease or pests
purloin

v.

embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact

: to appropriate wrongfully and often by a breach of

hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination

trust

/safeguard : accident

lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate

/abscond : depart

quarry

n/v. /(,)

: an open excavation usually for obtaining building stone, slate,

pursue

v.

: to follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, or defeat

or limestone
: to dig or take from or as if from a quarry
mine : ore :: quarry : rock

purvey

v.

: to supply (as provisions) usually as a matter of

hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert

quarry : marble :: mine : coal

business
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

quartet

n.

: a composition for four voices or four instruments.

pusillanimous

adj.

: lacking courage and resolution : marked by

: a group of four singers or four instrumentalists

quartet : singer :: score : note

contemptible timidity
dauntless pusillanimous

quash

pusillanimous stouthearted

: to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely

temerity pusillanimity/circumspection

quash engender

valiance pusillanimity

quash foment

v. /

quatrain
Q

n. 4( 4 stanza )

: a unit or group of four lines of verse

quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech
{dictionary : word} !

quaff

v.

14 (4.4.4.2-abab/cdcd/efef/gg)

: to drink deeply

12 4.4.4 Quatrain 2

quaff : sip :: stride : mince

Couplet

quaff : sip :: delve : skim

Couplet : 2 stanza

quail

Sestet : 6 stanza

Triplet : 3 stanza
v. : COWER

quail become resolute

Octave : 8 stanza
Sonnet : 14 stanza

quaint

adj. : ODD
quaver

qualified

adj. /

: having complied with the specific requirements or

v.

: to utter sound in tremulous tones

voice : quaver :: hand : tremble

precedent conditions (as for an office or employment)

: limited or modified in some way

quell

mitigate : severe :: qualify : general

quell foment/instigate/rouse

absolute/unreserved qualified

quell incite

v. /

categorical qualified/conditional
quench
qualm

n. //

v. / / : SUPPRESS, SLAKE

: to put out

: a sudden access of usually disturbing emotion (as

tint : suffuse : damp : quench

doubt or fear)

quench ignite

: uneasy feeling about the propriety or rightness of a

course of action

querulous

demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness

: habitually complaining

112

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querulous : complain :: voluble : talk

rabid logical

querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery

rabid uncommitted

quest

v.

racketeer

n.

: to ask for

: one who obtains money by an illegal enterprise usually

quest : reply :: command : action

involving intimidation

questionnaire

raconteur

n.

n.

: a person who excels in telling anecdotes

queue

n.

raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing

: a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles

colonnade : pillar :: queue : person

racy

person : queue :: scene : panorama

: having a strongly marked quality

queue : people :: chain : link

tame racy

quibble

n/v. ()/

adj. () / : PIQUANT

raffish

adj. /

: to evade the point of an argument by caviling about

: marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness

words

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen(#)

: to find fault or criticize for petty reasons

ingenuous : dissemble :: polite : snub(#)

encomiast : eulogize :: quibble : cavil

raffishdecorum :: mercilessleniency(#)

nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil

quibble : failing :: rift : breach

raffle

n.

: a lottery in which the prize is won by one of numerous

quicksand

n.

persons buying chances

: something that entraps or frustrates

lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission

quiescent

rafter

adj. /[]

n. ()

: marked by inactivity or repose : tranquilly at rest

: any of the parallel beams that support a roof

: causing no trouble or symptoms

roof : rafter :: table : leg

quietude/quiescence tumult
rage
quip

n. : GIBE

: a clever usually taunting remark

n.

: violent and uncontrolled anger

bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger(>)
gush : effusive :: rage : irate

quixotic

adj.

infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity

: foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals

quixotic displaying consistently practical behavior

ragged

adj.

: torn or worn to tatters

quota

n.

cloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety

: the number or amount constituting a proportional

share

rail

quota unlimited number

: to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language

v.

rail extol
quotidian adj. / : COMMONPLACE,
ORDINARY

rakish

: occurring every day

: of, relating to, or characteristic of a rake: having a trim or

quotidian remarkable

streamlined appearance suggestive of speed

quotidian striking

rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity

raisin
R

adj. / : DISSOLUTE

n.

: a sweet grape dried either in the sun or by artificial means

prune : plum :: raisin : grape

rabble

n. : MOB

ramble

v. ()

: a disorganized or disorderly crowd of people

: to move aimlessly from place to place

items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble

draw : doodle :: travel : ramble

foot : perambulate :: eye : observe

rabid

adj. / : FURIOUS

: extremely violent

rambunctious

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: marked by uncontrollable exuberance

rapprochement

rambunctious quiescent

: establishment of or state of having cordial relations

n.

estrangement rapprochement
rampart

n. : BULWARK

: a protective barrier

rapscallion

tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier

rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy

rampart : invasion :: levee : flood

{cavalier : arrogant} !

ramshackle

adj. : RICKETY

rapt

n.

adj. / : ENGROSSED

: appearing ready to collapse

: wholly absorbed

ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity(#)

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract

rapt distracted

rancid

adj. : RANK, FETID

: offensive in odor or flavor

rarefy

v.

: to make thin, less compact, or less dense

rancor

n.

rarefy concentrate

: bitter deep-seated ill will

rarefy condense

rancor good will

rarefy make denser

rancor charitableness
concord rancor

rarity

n. / ,

: the quality, state, or fact of being rare

randomize

v.

plurality rarity

: to make random in arrangement, especially in order to

control the variables in an experiment

rash

randomize systematize

: marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of

adj. /

deliberation or caution
range

n.

: a series of mountains

obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous(>)

loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous(>)

range : mountain :: chain : link

raspy
ranger

n.

adj. : HARSH, GRATING

mellifluous raspy

: the keeper of a British royal park or forest

ranger : forest :: curator : museum

ratify

v. () : CONFIRM

: to approve and sanction formally

rank

adj. : RANCID

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification(#)

: offensive in odor or flavor

ratiocination
rankle

v.

: to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitterness

n. / : REASONING

: the process of exact thinking

ratiocination : thinking :: articulateness : talking(>)

rankle pacify
rankle calm

ration

mollify rankle

: a food allowance for one day

rankle soothe

dose : medicine :: ration : food

n. ()

dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment

rant

v. /

: to scold vehemently

rationalize

: to utter in a bombastic declamatory fashion

: to provide plausible but untrue reasons for conduct

fear : cower :: anger : rant

rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : discernible

rant : grandiloquence :: ??

rational : fraudulent :: irreprehensible : blamable(#)

rapacious

adj.

: excessively grasping or covetous

raucous

v.

adj. : HOARSE

: disagreeably harsh or strident

troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)

ravel
rapport

n. ( )

: relation marked by harmony, conformity, accord, or

v. ( ) : UNRAVEL

: to separate or undo the texture of

ravel knit

affinity
rapport discord

rave

n.

: an extravagantly favorable criticism

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rave pan

Editor : Juntack Lim

recalcitrant tractable

ravenous

adj.

recant

v. (,) : RENOUNCE

: very eager or greedy for food, satisfaction, or

: to withdraw or repudiate (a statement or belief) formally and

gratification

publicly

incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended

: to make an open confession of error

apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy

raze

v. : DEMOLISH

recantation : error :: confession : crime

: to destroy to the ground

recantation : confess :: guilt : ?

raze build

recant reaffirm

raze construct
receipt
reactant

n.

n.

: a writing acknowledging the receiving of goods or money

: a substance that enters into and is altered in the

course of a chemical reaction

receptacle

reactant inert material

: a container that holds items or matter

reactive inert

bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle

reactionary

adj/n. //

n.

recessive

adj.

: relating to, marked by, or favoring reaction ;

: of, relating to, or designating an allele that does not produce

ultraconservative in politics

a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele

contumacious : authority ::

dominant recessive

reactionary/hidebound/conservative :
change/innovation/novelty

recidivism

recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary :

: a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of

change

behavior

votary reactionary

: relapse into criminal behavior

n.

recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce

ream

n. (500)

: a quantity of paper being 20 quires or variously 480,

recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine

sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse

500, or 516 sheets

ream : paper :: cord : wood

reciprocate

v. /

: to move forward and backward alternately

reaper

n.

: one that reaps;

: to make a return for something

especially :any of various machines

reciprocating moving unidirectionally

for reaping grain

scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter

reciprocal

adj.

: concerning each of two or more persons or things

reassure

v.

reciprocal secund

: to restore to confidence
feed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness

reckless

adj. /

: marked by lack of proper caution

rebuff

v. / : SNUB

: to reject or criticize sharply

: careless of consequences
circumspect/measured audacious/reckless/unscrupulous

rebuff approve
rebuff welcome

reclaim

v. / : REFORM, TAME, SUBDUE

: to recall from wrong or improper conduct

rebus

n.

: a riddle made up of such pictures or symbols

recluse

rebus : dissimulation ::

: a person who leads a secluded or solitary life

??

symbols : rebus :: notes: score

n.

poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness

recluse : communicate :: ??

recalcitrant

adj. /

roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw

: obstinately defiant of authority or restraint

turncoat : consistency : recluse : compassion

incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey(#)

recluse : society :: shirk : duty

recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary :

recluse : crowd :: claustrophobia : enclosure

change(#)

recluse : solitude :: toady : favor

impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness(=)

recalcitrant amenable

recoil

115

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KOREA GRE

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Editor : Juntack Lim

: to fall back under pressure

/redoubtable : regard

recoil : advanced :: ??

redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :

recoil advance

scorn/contempt/disregard

reconcile

redress

v.

: to make consistent or congruous

v. : REMEDY

: to set right

rift reconciliation
redundant
recondite

adj. / : DEEP

adj. / : SUPERFLUOUS

: exceeding what is necessary or normal

: difficult or impossible for one of ordinary

indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability

understanding or knowledge to comprehend

redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack

serpentine : directness :: recondite : placidity

respect : baseness :: study : reconditeness

reel

recondite widely understood

: a device, such as a cylinder, spool, or frame, that turns on an

recondite patent

axis and is used for winding and storing rope, tape, film, or

recondite self-explain

other flexible materials.

recondite self-evident

: to walk or move unsteadily

n/v. /

reel : winding :: die : shaping

reconnoiter

v. /

: to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order

refectory

to gather military information

: a dining hall (as in a monastery or college)

n.

reconnoiter : information :: prowl : prey

reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes

refinery

n.

: a building and equipment for refining or processing (as oil or

reconstitute

v. /

sugar)

: to constitute again or anew; especially : to restore to a

refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain

former condition by adding water

crass refined

reconstitute dehydrate

refine reduce purity

rectify

v. : ADJUST

: to correct by removing errors

reflective

adj. : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE

: marked by reflection

rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis

refractory
rectitude

n. / : RIGHTEOUSNESS

adj. / : STUBBORN,

UNMANAGEABLE

: moral integrity

: resisting control or authority

: the quality or condition of being correct in judgment

: unresponsive to stimulus

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse(#)

adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control(#)

perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist

recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary : change

inequity rectitude

refractory responsive

recumbent

adj. /

refresh

v. : REVIVE

: lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest

: to restore strength and animation to

recumbent standing up

disgruntle refresh

recuperative

adj.

recuperative debilitating

refugee

n.

: one that flees;

especially :a person who flees to a foreign

country or power to escape danger or persecution

recur

v.

refugee : asylum :: ??

: to occur again after an interval : occur time after time

periodic : recur :: evanescent : vanish

refuse

n. / : TRASH, GARBAGE

: the worthless or useless part of something

redolent

adj. : AROMATIC

: having or emitting fragrance

refuse valuable thing

refuse useful material

redolent unscented
refute
redoubtable

adj / : FORMIDABLE

v.

: to prove wrong by argument or evidence ; show to be false or

: causing fear or alarm

erroneous

: worthy of respect

refutation verification

exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame

refute verify

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refute affirm

Editor : Juntack Lim

intensity, strength, or pace

inexorable relenting

regard

n. : ESTEEM

: a feeling of respect and affection

relevant

exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame

: having significant and demonstrable bearing on the matter at

exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard

hand

flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge

immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center(#)

redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :

immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness

scorn/contempt/disregard

relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)

adj. /

relevant immaterial
regenerate

adj.

: spiritually or morally reformed

religion

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse(#)

: a cause, principle, or system of beliefs held to with ardor and

n.

faith
regimen

n. /

religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy

: a systematic plan (as of diet, therapy, or medication)

especially when designed to improve and maintain the

relinquish

health of a patient

: to stop holding physically

regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory

: to give over possession or control of

regimen : health :: budget : solvency

procure relinquish

v. (,) / : RELEASE

relinquish cling to
regression

n. /

: a trend or shift toward a lower or less perfect state

relish

regressive forward

: to be pleased or gratified by

v. /

relish despise
rehabilitation

n. /

: to restore to a former state (as of efficiency, good

remiss

management, or solvency)

: negligent in the performance of work or duty

: to restore or bring to a condition of health or useful

: showing neglect or inattention

and constructive activity

punctilious remiss

recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce

remiss scrupulous /wary

adj. / : LAX, CARELESS

recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition

building : restoration :: person : rehabilitation

remnant

n. /

: a usually small part, member, or trace remaining

reign

n. : SOVEREIGNTY

shred : remnant :: ??

: royal authority
coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage

remodel

v. : REMAKE

: to alter the structure of

rein

n.

construct : remodel :: compose : edit

: to check or stop by or as if by a pull at the reins

rein prod

remonstrance

n. /

: an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or grievance

reiterate

v.

remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove

: to state or do over again or repeatedly sometimes with

remonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censure

wearying effect

remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant(=)

remonstrance : oppose :: syllogism : disprove

relapse

v. /

remorse

n. : SELF-REPROACH

: to slip or fall back into a former worse state

: a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past

recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce

wrongs

recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine

longing : pine :: remorse : rue(=)

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse

release

v.

remorseful impenitent

: to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude

regret : .

constrain release

penitence : .

immure release

repentance : penitence , .
remorse : .

relentless

adj. / : UNRELENTING

: showing or promising no abatement of severity,

remote

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: distant in time

Editor : Juntack Lim

repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting

remote impending
repine
remunerate

v. : RECOMPENSE

: to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense

v.

: to feel or express dejection or discontent

repine express joy

remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury

remunerative unrequited

replete

adj.

: fully or abundantly provided or filled

rend

v. //[]

repletion want

: to perform an act of tearing or splitting

repletion emptiness

rend : tear :: dissipate : diminish

repletion privation

rend unite/mend
rend repair

repose

rend fuse

: the act of resting or the state of being at rest

n.

guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose

renounce

v.

: to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal

reportorial

declaration

reportorial imaginative

adj. /

claim renounce
reprehensible
renovate

v. /

adj. : CULPABLE

: worthy of or deserving reprehension

: to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning,

lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure

repairing, or rebuilding)

censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible

renovate cause to decay

reprehension
renunciation

n. /

n. /

: the act of rebuking or censuring

: the act or practice of renouncing

remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure

: ascetic self-denial

jeer : derision :: reprehend : censure

renunciation adoption
repressed
repartee

n.

: a succession or interchange of clever retorts

adj.

: characterized by rest
unrepressed restrained

repartee : retort :: debate : issue(=)

reprieve
repatriate

v.

n.

: the act of delaying the punishment of (as a condemned

: to restore or return to the country of origin, allegiance,

prisoner)

or citizenship

reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification

reprimand
repeal

v. /

v.

: to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position

: to rescind or annul by authoritative act ; to revoke or

of authority

abrogate by legislative enactment

reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure(<)

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification

repeal ratify

reprisal

n.

: the act or practice in international law of resorting to force

repel

v. /

short of war in retaliation for damage or loss suffered

: to cause aversion in
court repel intentionally

reproach

v/n. /

: an expression of rebuke or disapproval

repellent

adj.

: to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person)

: serving or tending to drive away or ward off

for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of amendment

repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure(#)

upbraid : reproach :: dote : like(>)

entrancing disappoint/disgusting/repellent/repulsive

nefarious above reproach/virtuous

scurvy above reproach

repertoire

n. /

opprobrious irreproachable

: the complete list or supply of dramas, operas, or

musical works available for performance

reprobate

palette : color :: repertoire : play

: to condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil

repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo

reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn

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reprobate righteous individual

resilient unable to adjust

reprobation acclaim
resin
reproof

n. / : REBUKE

n.

resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant

: criticism for a fault

castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike(>)

resolute

castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit

: marked by firm determination

adj. / : RESOLVED

malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion

reprove

v.

resolute : determined :: ??(=)

: to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent

daunt make resolute

pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove(<)

jittery resolute

reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure(<)

resolution vacillation

repudiate
:

to

v. /

refuse

to

accept;

especially

resonant
:to

reject

as

unauthorized or as having no binding force

adj.

full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound

resonant muffled

: to reject as untrue or unjust

resourceful
repugnant

adj.

adj.

: able to meet situations ; capable of devising ways and means

: exciting distaste or aversion

resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality

odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear

resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : mercy

cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel

respite
repulse

v. : REPEL

n. / : REPRIEVE

: an interval of rest or relief

: to drive or beat back

respite : labor :: interim : concert

captivate repulse

fast : eat :: respite : labor

court repulse intentionally

plateau : change :: respite : activity

entrancing disappoint/disgusting/repellent/repulsive
resplendent
requite

v. /

adj. /

: shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor

: to make repayment or return for

bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)

: to avenge

bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearance

requite leave unrepaid

resplendent dull
resplendent lackluster

rescind

v. / : REPEAL

: to make void (as an act) by action of the enacting

responsive

authority or a superior authority

: quick to respond or react appropriately or sympathetically

adj. : SENSITIVE

irrevocable : rescind :: ??

dispassionate responsive

rescind institute/enact
rescission enactment

restive

adj. / : FIDGETY, BALKY

: stubbornly resisting control

resentment

n.

: marked by impatience

: a feeling of indignant displeasure or persistent ill will

incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm

at something regarded as a wrong, insult, or injury

restive : calm :: piddling : considerable(#)

restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness(#)

reserved

adj. ()

restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience

: restrained in words and actions

restive calm/imperturbable

furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve

restiveness contentment

furtive : open :: flippant : reserved

expansive reserved/diffident

restore

unreserved qualified

: to put or bring back into existence or use

v. /

dilapidated restored
resign

v. : QUIT

: to give up one's office or position

restrain

abdicate : throne :: resign : office

: to limit, restrict, or keep under control

v. /

temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist(=)

resilient

adj. /

bridled without restraint

: tending to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune

fervid restrained

or change

unrepressed restrained

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: to draw or pull back

resurgence

n. : RENASCENCE

: to recant or disavow something

: a rising again into life, activity, or prominence

misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract

resurgence waning vitally

countermand : order :: revoke : license

resurgent in decline

foster retract

resuscitate

v. : REVITALIZE

retreat

n. /

: to revive from apparent death or from

: the usually forced withdrawal of troops from an enemy or

unconsciousness

from an advanced position

extinct resuscitated

incursion retreat

resuscitation enervation
retrench
retainer

n. : SERVANT

v. /

: to curtail expenses

: a person attached or owing service to a household

retrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speed

retainer : retinue :: witch : coven

attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity

/retrench : money

retaliate

v.

retrench enlarge

: to repay (as an injury) in kind

remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury

retrograde

adj. /

: tending toward or resulting in a worse or previous state

retard

v. : IMPEDE

: to slow up especially by preventing or hindering

retrograde progressive
[retro: /]

advance or accomplishment
divert : shunt :: retard : brake

retrospective

catalyze retard

: affecting things past

expedite retard

retrospective anticipatory

adj.

precipitate retard/dilatory
revelation
reticent

adj. : RELUCTANT

: inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech

n. /

: the act of revealing or disclosing

revelation adumbration

: restrained in expression, presentation, or appearance

reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge

revelry

reticent : voluble :: ??

: noisy partying or merrymaking

reticent loquacious

revelry mournfulness

n.

reticent effusive
vociferous reticent/monotone

revenge

voluble taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge

n.

reticent frank
revere
retinue

n.

v.

: to show devoted deferential honor to : regard as worthy of

: a group of retainers or attendants

great honor

retainer : retinue :: witch : coven

reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(>)

retinue : attendant :: coven : witch

reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe

retinue : attendant :: staff : officer

venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn

retinue : attendant :: suite : room

elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence(=)

attendant : retinue :: officer : staff

exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence

revere jape at

retort

n. : RETURN

: a quick incisive reply, especially one that turns the first

revere disparage
revere despise

speaker's words to his or her own disadvantage.

repartee : retort :: debate : issue(=)

revise

retort : response :: ??

: to look over again in order to correct or improve

v.

revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture

retouch

v.

: to alter (as a photographic negative) to produce a

revive

more desirable appearance

: to restore to use, currency, activity, or notice

revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture

wither revive

v. /

lull revive
retract

v. /

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n.

Editor : Juntack Lim

rigorous

adj. /

: a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances,

: manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor

often satirizing current events, trends, and personalities.

: marked by extremes of temperature or climate

: scrupulously accurate

rewarding

adj. / : VALUABLE,

SATISFYING

rile

: offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification

: to make agitated and angry

drudgery rewarding work

appease rile

v. / : UPSET

choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse

ribald

adj. / : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE

: characterized by or using coarse indecent humor

rile conciliate
rile make calm

ribald seemly
riot
rickety

adj. : SHAKY

: lacking stability or firmness

v.

: to live wildly or engage in uncontrolled revelry

sedate riot

cloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety

risible
rider

n.

: an addition to a document often attached on a

adj. : LAUGHABLE

: arousing or provoking laughter

risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness

separate piece of paper

rider : bill :: endorsement : policy

rite

n.

: a ceremonial act or action

ridicule

n/v. /

rite improvised act

: words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous

laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing

rival

n.

: to make fun of
satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow

rive

reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist

: to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces

pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute

rive unite

risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness

riven intact

v. : REND

ridicule : derision :: ??
sublime ridiculous

robust

funny : .

: having or exhibiting strength or vigorous health

ludicrous, risible :

robust sick

adj.

.
ridiculous : .

rodent

n.

kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent

rife

adj. / : ABOUNDING

: copiously supplied

rodomontade

sparse rife

: pretentiously boastful or bragging

adj/n. / : RANT

: vain boasting or bluster

rift

n. / : BREACH, ESTRANGEMENT

pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade

: a narrow fissure in rock.

: a break in friendly relations

roil

faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil

: be in a state of turbulence or agitation

quibble : failing :: rift : breach(<)

: to stir up

rift reconciliation

roil clarify/appease/settle

rig

v.

v. /

roister

v. : CAROUSE

: to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or

: to engage in noisy revelry

dishonest means

roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw

rig : contest :: gerrymander : district

roster
rigid

adj. /

n. l

: a roll or list of personnel

: inflexibly set in opinion

roster : personnel :: slate : candidate

: strictly observed

roster : staff :: obituary : death

circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid

pliable rigid

rostrum

n.

: a stage for public speaking

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rostrum : orator :: bench : judge

Editor : Juntack Lim

run

n.

: an unbroken course of performances or showings

rosy

adj.

journal : entries :: run : performance

: characterized by or tending to promote optimism

rupture
roundabout

adj. : CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT

n. /

: breach of peace or concord;

specifically :open hostility or

war between nations

rouse

v.

: to become stirred

ruse

mollify rouse

: a wily subterfuge

quell foment/instigate/rouse

paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive

rouse move quietly

ruse : honest :: ??

rubicund

rustic

adj.

n. /

adj. / : RURAL

: having a healthy reddish color

: of, relating to, or suitable for the country

rubicund pale

rustic polished

rubicundity pallor

urbane rude/rustic

rudder

rustling

n.

n.

: doing to steal cattle

rude

adj. : DISCOURTEOUS, UNCIVILIZED,

plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle

SAVAGE
: offensive in manner or action
rude civil
rudiment

S
n. [ ]

: something unformed or undeveloped

sabbatical

rudimentary fully developed

: of or relating to the break or change from a normal routine

rudimentary fully evolved

sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation

adj.

rudimentary complete involved

rudimentary highly evolved

sabotage

v.

: to commit sabotage against

ruddy

adj.

: having a healthy, reddish color

saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend

sabotagesubvertness :: bully : intimidation(=)

ruddy anemic
saccharine
rue

n/v. //

adj.

: having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character

: to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret

sugar : saccharine :: butter : margarine

longing : pine :: remorse : rue

acerbic saccharine

rue : satisfaction :: ??
rue satisfaction

sacrifice

rueful impenitent

: an act of offering to a deity something precious;

n.

especially :the killing of a victim on an altar

ruffian
ruffle

n. : BULLY
n/v. /

worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury

sacrilege

n.

: a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge

: a technical and not necessarily intrinsically outrageous

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt

violation (as improper reception of a sacrament) of what is

/molding : cabinet

sacred because consecrated to God

preen ruffle

sacrilege respect/reverence

ruminate

saddle

v.

v. ()

: to engage in contemplation

: to place (an onerous responsibility) on a person or group

ruminate : decide :: ??

saddle ?

rumple

safeguard

n. : FOLD, WRINKLE

n.

: an irregular or untidy crease

: a mechanical device designed to prevent accidents

rumple : shirt :: ??

hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination

safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss

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: an unctuous adhesive substance for application to wounds or

sagacious

adj. (, ) : DISCERNING

sores

: of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment

: a remedial or soothing influence or agency

prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton

placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous

turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity

salve irritate

miser : stingy :: sage : judicious

salve irritant

sage : judgment :: knave : deceit

salving catalyst

sensitive : boor :: sagacity : simpleton(#)

puerile sagacious

salvo

sagacious without wisdom

: an expedient for protecting one's reputation or for soothing

sagacity folly

one's conscience

simpleton sagacity

: something resembling a release or discharge of bombs or

n. /

firearms
sage

n. /

: one (as a profound philosopher) distinguished for

sanctify

wisdom

: to set apart to a sacred purpose or to religious use

: a mature or venerable man of sound judgment

desecrate sanctify/revere

v. : CONSECRATE

miser : stingy :: sage : judicious

sage : judgment :: knave : deceit

sanctimonious

sage : wisdom :: philanthropist : benevolence

: affecting piousness : hypocritically devout ; indicative of

sage fool

affected piousness

adj.

sanctimonious : devout :: unctuous : earnest

salient

adj. /

: standing out conspicuously

sanction

salient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understand

: authoritative permission or approval that makes a course of

subtle : ignore :: salient : observe

action valid

salient inconspicuous

: to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to

salient reentrant

dismiss sanction

salmon

n.

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

n/v. ()

sanctuary

n. /

: a place of refuge and protection

sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection

salubrious

adj.

sanctuary : protection :: wilderness : peril

: favorable to or promoting health or well-being

instructive : comprehension :: salubrious : health

sand

virulent salubrious

: to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an abrasive

deleterious salutary/salubrious

(as sandpaper)

insalubrious wholesome

varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth

salubrious baneful

sand : dune :: word : sentence

healthy : , .

{water : canal} !

v/n. /

healthful : .
sound : .

sanguine

salutary : .

OPTIMISTIC

wholesome : healthy .

: of a healthy reddish color

adj. // : CONFIDENT,

: cheerfully confident
salutary

adj. / : CURATIVE

sanguine : blooded :: confident : optimistic

: producing a beneficial effect

sanguine despondent

deleterious salutary/salubrious

sanguine morose

baneful salutary
sanitation
salutation

n. ( )

n.

: the promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by

: an expression of greeting, goodwill, or courtesy by

maintenance of sanitary conditions

word, gesture, or ceremony

censorship : information :: sanitation : disease

salutation : welcome :: ??

noxious wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

salutation deportation
sap
salvage

n/v. /

v. : UNDERMINE

: to deplete or weaken gradually

sap invigorate

salve

n/v. //

sap fortify

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sap bolster

savorytaste :: melodioushear/sound

sapient

acrid savory

savory noisome
adj.

: possessing or expressing great sagacity

sapient foolish

savvy

n/adj. ()

: practical understanding or shrewdness

sarcastic

adj. / : CAUSTIC

: well informed and perceptive

: given to the use of sarcasm

savvy simpleton/simplicity

sarcasm praise

savvy tactless

sartorial

adj.

tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

scale

v/n. /

: an instrument or machine for weighing

: a graduated series of musical tones ascending or descending

satiate

v.

in order of pitch according to a specified scheme of their

: to satisfy (as a need or desire) fully or to excess

intervals

satiated : food :: saturated : moisture

gauge : pressure :: scale : weight

satiate tantalize

scale : weight :: yardstick : length

color : spectrum :: tone : scale

sate

v.

: to satisfy (an appetite) fully

scalpel

sate starve

scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer

satire

scan

n. []

n.

v. /

: a literary work holding up human vices and follies to

: to analyze verse into metrical patterns

ridicule or scorn

: to examine closely

panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize

scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical

satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow

satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort

scanty

reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist

: limited or less than sufficient in degree, quantity, or extent

limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire

scant : considerable :: ??

adj. /

voluminous scanty/scarce
saturated

adj.

profuse scanty

: full of moisture : made thoroughly wet

scant plenty

satiated : food :: saturated : moisture

myriad scanty

small : minuscule :: moist : saturated(<)

scant considerable

obliterateremove :: saturate : wet(>)

scanty abundant
scant abundant

saturnine

adj.

: of a gloomy or surly disposition

scapegoat

despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy(=)

: one that bears the blame for others

n. /

saturnine jovial
scarce
saunter

v. : STROLL

adj. /

: deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand :

: to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner

not plentiful or abundant

prate : speak :: saunter : walk

superfluity scarcity
myriad few/scarce

savanna

n.

: a tropical or subtropical grassland containing scattered

scare

trees and drought-resistant undergrowth

: to frighten especially suddenly

v. : ALARM

savanna slope

scare : terrified :: ??
bully : scare :: ??

savant

n.

: A learned person

scarp

n.

savant unlearned person

scathing
savory

adj. / / : EDIFYING

: pleasing to the sense of taste especially by reason of

adj. /

: bitterly severe
scathing politely cooperative

effective seasoning
: morally exemplary

scotch

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: to injure so as to render harmless

redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :

scotch unfasten

scorn/contempt/disregard
scorn : reject :: adulate : flatter(>)

schematic

adj.

venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn(=)

adulate scorn

scheme

v. : INTRIGUE

: to form a scheme for

scour

follow : shadow :: plot : scheme

: to become clean and bright by rubbing

plan : .

scour : wash :: ??

v.

design : .
project : , .

scowl

scheme : ,, .

: to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure

v.

scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection

scintillating

adj. ( )

: brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty

scrappy

adj.

: having an aggressive and determined spirit

schism

n. /

scrappy timorous

: formal division in or separation from a church or

religious body

scrawl

schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity(#)

: to write or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelessly

schism unity

scrawl carefully write

v.

schism concord
schism accord

screw

n.

gear : tooth :: screw : thread

scintillating

adj. []

: brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty

scribble

scintillating dull

: to write hastily or carelessly without regard to legibility or

scintillating fool

form

v.

tinker : adjust :: scribble : write

scion

n. : DESCENDANT

scribble : write :: mumble : talk

: a descendant or heir
scion ancestor

script

n.

director : script :: conductor : score

scoff

v. /

script : drama :: score : music

: to show contempt by derisive acts or language

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive

scrupulous

/drawl : slow

: having moral integrity : acting in strict regard for what is

/bluster : loud

/prate : aimless

scoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful

adj. / : CONSCIENTIOUS

considered right or proper

: punctiliously exact

scooter

n.

probity unscrupulousness

oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter

scrutable
scorch

v. : PARCH

: to dry or shrivel with or as if with intense heat

adj. : COMPREHENSIBLE

: capable of being deciphered

mysterious scrutable

dampen scorch
scrutinize
score

n.

v. /

: to examine or observe closely and minutely

: the copy of a musical composition in written or printed

scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim

notation

scrutinize : glimpse/glance :: delve : skim

director : script :: conductor : score

scrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought

score : instrument :: ??

observe : scrutinize :: question : grill(<)

script : drama :: score : music

scrutiny glance

notes : score :: symbols : rebus

scrutinize gloss over

scorn

v.

scuff

n.

: to show disdain or derision

: the act or sound of scraping especially with the feet

: to treat with scorn ; reject or dismiss as contemptible

scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization

or unworthy
deferential : offend :: scornful : respect

sculptor

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canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor

Editor : Juntack Lim

: a phantasmal form
: outward and often specious appearance or show

scurrilous

adj.

semblance authentic article

: using or given to coarse language

scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy

seminal

adj. /

: containing or contributing the seeds of later development

scurvy

adj. : DESPICABLE

: disgustingly mean or contemptible

seminal hampering further development

seminal derivative

scurvy above reproach

seminary
scythe

n.

scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter

seamy

adj. [] : UNPLEASANT,

n.

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology

conservatory : music :: observatory : astronomy
sensation

n. /

DEGRADED, SORDID

: state of heightened interest or emotion

seamy decent and respectable

analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation

numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness

secluded

adj. /

: removed or remote from others; solitary

hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous

numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous

pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic
sensation anesthesia
sensation unnoticed event

secrete

v.

: to form and give off (a secretion)

sensitive

frank : secretiveness :: honest : theft

: highly responsive or susceptible

secrete absorb

obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend

secrete divulge

insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp

adj. /

sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton

sedate

v/adj. /

quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive(>)

: keeping a quiet steady attitude or pace

tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion

sedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbness

sensitive numb

sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize

insensitive tender

sedation riot

sentimental/sentient unconscious

sedate flighty
sedate roil

sentient

adj. ()

: responsive to or conscious of sense impressions

sedentary

adj. : SETTLED

sentient/sentimental unconscious

: not migratory

tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion

migratory sedentary

insentient perceiving

migratory rooted
peripatetic sedentary

sentinel

n.

: a soldier standing guard at a point of passage (as a gate)

seduce

v.

sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating

: to persuade to disobedience or disloyalty

seduce discourage

septic

adj.

: of, relating to, having the nature of, or affected by sepsis

sedulous

adj. /

septic free of infection

: diligent in application or pursuit

sedulous careless

sepulchral

sedulity lack of industriousness

: of or relating to a burial vault or a receptacle for sacred relics

sedulous lazy

sepulchral merry

seemly

sequela

adj. : DECOROUS

adj. / : FUNEREAL, MORTUARY

n.

: conventionally proper

: a secondary consequence or result

ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct(#)

precursor sequela

seemly uncouth
ribald seemly

sequester

v.

: to cause to withdraw into seclusion

semblance

n. // : APPARITION,

LIKENESS, MODICUM

: to set apart
sequester : seclusion :: endanger : jeopardy

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sequester permit to mingle

impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile(#)

obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive

seraphic

adj.

: one of the 6-winged angels standing in the presence of

severe

God

: rigorous in restraint, punishment, or requirement

diabolical seraphic

mitigate : severe :: qualify : general

adj. / : STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVE

palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity(=)

sere

adj. /

: being dried and withered

shabby

sere lush

: showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out

sere damp

shabby smart

serendipity

n.

adj. /

shackle

n/v. / : IMPEDE

: the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or

: to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of

agreeable things not sought for

restrictions or handicaps

serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance

emancipate shackle
shackle loose

serenity

n.

: the quality or state of being shining bright and steady

shadow

perturb : serenity :: console : grief

: to follow especially secretly

perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety

follow : shadow :: leave : abscond

disturb : serenity :: console : grief

follow : shadow :: plot : scheme

serene tumultuous

hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow

havoc serenity

shadowy overt

furor serenity

trail lead

v. : TRAIL

tumultuous serene
vociferous serene

shaft

tumult/bedlam/riot serenity

: a long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the earth, as

pandemonium serenity

for mining ore

n. : TUNNEL

shaft : lode :: well : aquifer

serfdom

n.

serfdom lord

shallow

serfdom feudal lord

: lacking in depth of knowledge, thought, or feeling

adj. [,] : SUPERFICIAL

shallowness profundity
sermon

n.

nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon

sham

homiletics : sermon :: logic : argument

: an imitation or counterfeit purporting to be genuine

n. /

debunk perpetuate to sham

serpentine

adj. /

: of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement

shard

: sinuous

: fragments of pottery vessels found on sites and in refuse

serpentine : directness :: ??

deposits where pottery-making peoples have lived

n. ()/

shard : pottery :: fragment : bone

serrate

adj. /

: notched or toothed on the edge;

specifically

shardpottery :: morselfood
having

shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake

marginal teeth pointing forward or toward the apex

serrated smooth

shelter

serrated without notches

: to constitute or provide a shelter for

v/n. / : PROTECT

conspicuous : sheltered :: ??
serried

adj. / : COMPACT

hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter

: crowded or pressed together

serried widely separated

sheep

n.

sheep : ewe :: swan : pen

servile

adj. : ABJECT

: meanly or cravenly submissive

shiftless

compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)

: lacking in ambition or incentive

gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination

shiftless : ambition :: ingenuous : guile

adj. : LAZY

imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)

bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan

shirk

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: to evade the performance of an obligation

signal

duty : shirk :: question : parry

: distinguished from the ordinary

parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk

signal unremarkable

adj. /

recluse : society :: shirked :duty

hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk

simper

shirk pass through the center

: to smile in a silly manner

v.

simper : smile :: babble : talk

shoal

adj/n. /

: having little depth

simpleton

: a large group

: a person lacking in common sense

shoal deep

prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton

shoal suspicion

turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : precedent

n.

simpleton sagacity
shopworn

adj. /

: stale from excessive use or familiarity

simplicity

shopworn new

: freedom from pretense or guile

n. : CANDOR

scurvy simplicity
shred

n.

shred : remnant :: ??

simulate

v. / : IMITATE

: to give or assume the appearance or effect of often with the

shrewd

adj. /

: marked by clever discerning awareness and

intent to deceive
simulation authentic article

hardheaded acumen
shrewd : naf :: ??(#)

sin

shrewd foolish

peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation

n.

shrewd nave
shrewd myopic

sincere

adj. : PURE

: free of dissimulation
shrink

v.

: to recoil instinctively

: free from adulteration

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical
poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness

shrug

poseur sincere person

: to raise or draw in the shoulders especially to express

aloofness, indifference, or uncertainty

sinecure

embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference

: a position or office that requires little or no work but provides

n.

a salary
shun

v.

sinecure arduous employment

: to avoid deliberately and especially habitually

haunt shun

sinew

frequent shun

: solid resilient strength

n. / : POWER

: the chief supporting force

shunt

v.

tendinous : sinewy :: ??

: to turn or move aside or onto another course

sinew weakness

divert : shunt :: retard : brake

sinew frailty

shuttle

singular

n.

adj. : UNUSUAL

: being out of the ordinary

sibilant

adj. : HISSING

worldly singular

: having, containing, or producing the sound of or a

sound resembling that of the s or the sh in sash

sinister

hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous

: singularly evil or productive of evil

adj. /

sinister : welcome :: ??
sidereal

adj. : ASTRAL

: of, relating to, or concerned with the stars or

sinuous

constellations

: of a serpentine or wavy form

arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars

: marked by strong lithe movements

adj. : WINDING

star : sidereal :: emotion : affective

fluvial : river :: sidereal : star

sip

v.

: to drink in small quantities

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sip : drink :: mince : walk

Editor : Juntack Lim

slant assert without bias

swill : sip :: gobble : nibble

quaff : sip :: stride : mince

slapdash

quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble

: hasty and careless, as in execution

adj. : HAPHAZARD, SLIPSHOD

swill sip
slate
siren

n. /

n.

: a list of the candidates of a political party running for various

: a device often electrically operated for producing a

offices

penetrating warning sound

roster : personnel :: slate : candidate

: a woman regarded as seductive and beautiful

siren : unresisting :: juggernaut : unstoppable

slew

siren : heard :: beacon : seen

: a large amount or number

siren : sound :: beacon : light

paucity slew

n.

slew limited quantity

skeptic

adj/n. /

: a person disposed to skepticism especially regarding

slight

religion or religious principles

MEAGER

penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)

: deficient in weight, solidity, or importance: small of its kind or

fervor : zealot :: doubt : skeptic

in amount

votary skeptic

: a humiliating discourtesy

credulity skepticism

celebration : lamentable :: slight : show respect

adj/n. / : TRIVIAL, SCANTY,

grievous slight
sketchy

adj. : SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL

prodigious slight

: wanting in completeness, clearness, or substance

slight ponderous

fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy

cosset slight
slight show respect to

skimp

v.

: to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or

slink

effort to or funds for

: to go or move stealthily or furtively (as in fear or shame)

parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk

slink strut

v. []

skimpy liberal
skimpy profuse

slippery

adj.

dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere

skirt

v. /

: to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of

splint : mobility :: ballast : instability

/purchase : slippery

controversy
: to pass around rather than across or through

slipshod

skirt seek

: marked by carelessness

skirt face

assiduous slipshod

skirt pass the center directly

slipshod fastidious

skirt pass through the center of

slipshod painstaking

adj. / : SLOPPY, SLOVENLY

slipshod neat
skit

n.

: a short humorous or satirical piece of writing or

slogan

n.

skit : revue :: ??

sloppy

adj. / : SLIPSHOD

vignette : scene :: skit : drama

: wet so as to spatter easily

skit : play :: anecdote : narrative

: wet or smeared with or as if with something slopped over

performance

anecdote : story :: skit : play

sloth
skittish

slouch
slake

n.

adj. /
v. / : SATISFY, QUENCH

: to cool or refresh by wetting or moistening

v. : STOOP

: to cause to droop
slouch stand erect

gratify : desire :: slake : thirsty

sloven
slant

v. ~ /~

: to give an oblique or sloping direction to

n.

: one who is habitually careless in personal appearance or work

slovenly tidy

: to interpret or present in line with a special interest

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Fifth Edition

n/v. /

Editor : Juntack Lim

sneer

v/n. []

: state of inactivity or dormancy

: to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or

: to pass (time) in sleep

contempt

slumber awake

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure

slur

v. /

/pout : displeasure

/sneer : contempt

: to cast aspersions on
: to pronounce indistinctly

snob

slur : speech :: smudge : writing

: one who has an offensive air of superiority in matters of

n.

knowledge or taste
sly adj. : DISSEMBLING

attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish(<)

sly artless
sly ingenuous

snub

v. /

: to treat with contempt or neglect

smarmy

adj.

dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness

: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, or false

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen

earnestness

ingenuous : dissemble :: polite : snub

smarmy earnest

snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty

court snub

smart

adj/v. /

: to feel or have such a pain

soak

smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow

: to lie immersed in liquid (as water)

tatty smart

: become saturated by or as if by immersion

smart soothe

soaked/drenched : wet/damp :: exuberant : happy

v. /

soaked/drenched : wet/damp:: frigid : cool

smattering

n.

drenched : wet :: antithetic : indifferent(>)

: superficial piecemeal knowledge

erudite smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered

sober

stare : leer :: peruse : smatter

: marked by sedate or gravely or earnestly thoughtful character

adj. //

or demeanor
smirk

v. () : SIMPER

frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober(<)

: to smile in an affected or smug manner

puckish sober

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision

sumptuous sober

smother

sobriety

v.

n. /

: to be overcome or killed through or as if through lack

: the quality or state of being sober

of air

sumptuousness sobriety

smother : choke :: ??

flippancy sobriety

smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain

sodden
smug

adj. /

adj.

: heavy with or as if with moisture or water

: highly self-satisfied

marsh : sodden :: desert : arid

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision

moist : sodden :: surprised : astonished(<)

primp : vain :: gloat : smug

soggy
smuggle

v.

adj.

: saturated or heavy with water or moisture

: to convey or introduce surreptitiously

collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey

solace

smuggle transport openly

solace : grief :: pacification : anger

snag

n.

solder

n.

n.

: a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic

snarl

v/n. /[] : TANGLE

: to cause to become knotted and intertwined

surfaces
breach solder

: make excessively complicated

disentangle snarl

solemn

snarl coo

: marked by grave sedateness and earnest sobriety

snarl untangle

jest solemnity

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Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

adj. : APPREHENSIVE

: full of concern or fears

soporific

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch

: a soporific agent

solicitous unconcerned

: of, relating to, or marked by sleepiness or lethargy

solicitude indifference

soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity

n/adj. /

soporific : sleep :: inoculation : immunity

solvent

adj./n. /

soporific : sleeping :: vaccination: immune

: able to pay all legal debts

soporific : alertness :: analgesic : pain

: a usually liquid substance capable of dissolving or

soporific stimulant

dispersing one or more other substances

soporific provocative

coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve

soporific invigorating

profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed

regimen : health :: budget : solvency

sordid

solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot

: depressingly squalid ; wretched

solvent precipitant

: morally degraded

adj. / : VILE

: exceedingly mercenary
somber

adj. / : MELANCHOLY, GRAVE

cherubic somber

sordid honor
sordid noble
sordid wholesome

somnolence

n. : SLEEPINESS

: the quality or state of being drowsy

sound

adj. //

: showing good judgment or sense

sonata

n.

: free from flaw, defect, or decay

dessert : meal :: epilogue : play

ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity

/coda : sonata

tenable unjustified/unsound

sonnet

sparse

n. 14/

adj.

sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer

: of few and scattered elements; especially :not thickly grown

sonnet : poem :: denim : fabric

or settled

sonnet 3 4 1 2

copious sparse

. Ex) abab/cdcd/efef/gg

sparse rife

soothe

Spartan

v. /[,] : PLACATE,

RELIEVE, ALLEVIATE

adj.

: marked by strict self-discipline or self-denial

: to bring peace, composure, or quietude

Spartan sybaritic/indulgent/luxurious

vex pacify/appease/soothe

Spartan sumptuous

rankle soothe

Spartan voluptuous

sop

spate

n. //

n.

: a conciliatory or propitiatory bribe, gift, or gesture

: a large number or amount

sop : dampen :: frigid : cool

spate dearth

sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive

specialist
sophism

n.

n.

dabbler specialist

: an argument apparently correct in form but actually

invalid ; such an argument used to deceive

specificity

n.

sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money

sophism : reasoning :: quack : practitioner

specious

alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive

PLAUSIBLE

adj. / : SOPHISTIC,

: having deceptive attraction or allure

sophistication

n. : CULTIVATION,

exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt

URBANITY

specious valid

: the process or result of becoming cultured,

veritable specious

knowledgeable, or disillusioned
ingnue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness

speck

callow behaving with adult sophistication

: a very small amount

politic unsophisticated

mite : creature :: speck : amount

sophomoric

spectator

adj.

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n. / : BIT

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: one who looks on or watches

chronic sporadic

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching

sporadic regular
sporadic steady

speculate

v. : REFLECT

: to meditate on or ponder a subject

sprain

conjecture restrain from the speculation

sprain : injury :: cold : contagion

spendthrift

sprightly

n.

n.

adj. : SPIRITED

: a person who spends improvidently or wastefully

: marked by a gay lightness and vivacity

craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift

dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly

miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal

spendthrift miser

spry

adj.

: lively, active, and brisk

spent

adj. : EXHAUSTED

spry devastated

: drained of energy or effectiveness

precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy

spur

v. : STIMULATE

: to incite to action or accelerated growth or development

spindly

adj.

deter spur

: of a disproportionately tall or long and thin appearance

that often suggests physical weakness

spurious

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty

: outwardly similar or corresponding to something without

adj. : FALSE

having its genuine qualities

spiny

adj. / : THORNY

: abounding with difficulties, obstacles, or annoyances

spurious : authenticity :: ??
spurious genuine
spuriousness authenticity

spire

n.

spire : church :: minaret : mosque

spurn

v. / : SCORN

: to reject with disdain or contempt

spleen

n. /

spurn welcome willingly

: feelings of anger or ill will often suppressed

spurn court, crave, embrace

spleen goodwill

spurned beloved

splint

squabble

n.

n.

: to support and immobilize (as a broken bone) with a

: a noisy altercation or quarrel usually over trifles

splint

squabble : dispute :: foible : failing(<)

splint : mobility :: ballast : instability

tiff : squabble :: foible : failing

/purchase : slippery
splint : immobilize :: duct : convey

squalid

buttress : edifice :: splint : limb

: marked by filthiness and degradation from neglect or poverty

adj. /

squalid pristine
spoil

v. : CODDLE

squalid immaculate

: to pamper excessively
cosseted unspoiled

squall

n.

: a short-lived commotion
spoke

n.

squall : commotion :: flash : illumination

spoke : hub :: radius : center

squalor
spontaneous

adj. / : NATURAL

n. /

: a filthy and wretched condition or quality

: not apparently contrived or manipulated

squalor immaculateness

juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization :

splendor squalor

spontaneous

squalor sincerity

gauche : finesse :: spontaneousplanning

squalor ceremony

spontaneous premeditate

squalor splendor

spoof

squander

n.

spoof : parody :: ??

n/v. [] : DISSIPATE

: to spend wastefully or extravagantly

squander : expand :: coercion : intimidate

sporadic

adj.

: occurring occasionally, singly, or in scattered instances

husband squander
conserve waste/squander/exhaust

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motility stasis
squelch

v. / : QUELL, SQUASH

: to completely suppress

static

squelch/squash foment

: characterized by a lack of movement, animation, or

adj.

progression
squint/squiz

n.

static : movable :: pliable : inflexible

: to look or peer with eyes partly closed

squiz/squint : eye :: pucker : mouth {smell :

stature

nose}{bend : elbow}

: natural height (as of a person) in an upright position

n.

stature : tall :: sound : loud

stagnant

adj.

: not advancing or developing

steadfast

stagnant flowing

: firmly fixed in place

adj. : IMMOVABLE

: not subject to change

staid

adj. : SOBER, GRAVE

capricious steadfast

: marked by settled sedateness and often prim selfrestraint

stealth

staid jaunty

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive

n.

/discontent : unsatisfied
stain

n. /

dye : stain :: ??

steep v/adj. ()/

: to cover with or plunge into a liquid (as in bathing, rinsing, or

stalemate

n. : DEADLOCK

soaking)

: a drawn contest

: mounting or falling precipitously

clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations

collapse : implode :: steep : immerse

precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness

stalwart

adj.

steep parch

: marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body,

dip : .

mind, or spirit

immerse : .

lank stalwart

plunge : , , .
submerge : .

stammer

v. : HALT

: to make involuntary stops and repetitions in speaking

soak, drench, steep : . soak, steep

.

falter : act :: stammer : speak

stench
stanza

n. / : STROPHE

: one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or

n. : STINK

: to emit a strong offensive odor

stench : nose :: din : ear

more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of

meter, rhyme, and number of lines

stentorian

ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter

: extremely loud

stanza : line :: volume : issue

audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious

stanza : poem :: movement : orchestra

stentorian faint

adj.

prose : paragraph :: poetry : stanza

quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech

sterile

adj. /

: free from living organisms and especially microorganisms

stark

adj. : ABSOLUTE

sterile : bacteria :: impeccable :flaws

: rigidly conforming (as to a pattern or doctrine)

verdant sterile

startle

stickler

v/n. /

n.

: to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually not

: one who insists on exactness or completeness in the

seriously

observance of something

: a sudden mild shock (as of surprise or alarm)

stickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist : adulteration

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch

stickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinary

startle lull

stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate

stickler : imprecision :: prude : impropriety

stasis

n. []

: a condition of balance among various forces;

stir

motionlessness

: a slight movement

stasis changing period

: to rouse to activity : evoke strong feelings in

133

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exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir

Editor : Juntack Lim

stodgy exciting

dissipate : stir :: ?? (#)

impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir

stoic

lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge(#)

: one apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or pain

adj/n. /

stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy

stiff

adj. : RIGID

: not easily bent

stoic : perturbed :: buoyant : submerged

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch

: lacking in suppleness or responsiveness

numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness

stoke

v.

: to feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace)

stipulation

n. /

stoke : fuel :: irrigate :water

: something stipulated
: a condition, requirement, or item specified in a legal

stolid

instrument

: having or expressing little or no sensibility

adj. : UNEMOTIONAL

stipulation tacit requirement

stouthearted
stifle

v. / : DETER, DISCOURAGE

adj.

foment stifle

: having a stout heart or spirit

foster stifle

pusillanimous stouthearted

stigma

straggle

n. : STAIN

: a mark of shame or discredit

COURAGEOUS,

STUBBORN

v. : ROVE, STRAY

: to wander from the direct course or way

stigma mark of esteem

strait
stilted
stint

adj. : POMPOUS, LOFTY

v.

n.

isthmus : land :: strait : water

stratify

v.

: to be sparing or frugal

: to divide into a series of graded statuses

lavish stint

stratify homogenize

stingy

stray

adj.

adj.

: not generous or liberal

: having strayed or escaped from a proper or intended place

miser : stingy :: sage : judicious

digressive : topic/subject :: stray : group

miser : stingy :: loner : solitary

stray : group :: digress : subject

insensible : boor :: stingy : miser

generosity stinginess

strength

n.

slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength

stipple

v.

: to engrave by means of dots and flicks

stress

stipple : dot :: striate : band

stress de-emphasis

stipulation

n. /

n.

striate

v.

: something stipulated; especially : a condition,

: to mark with striations or striate

requirement, or item specified in a legal instrument

grooved : striating :: braided : stranded

stipulation tacit requirement

stipple : dot :: striate : band

striated : groove :: dappled : spot

stock

n/adj. /

: repeated regularly without any thought or originality

stricture

census : population :: inventory : stock

: an adverse criticism

n.

stock unique
stride
stockade

n.

v.

: to take a very long step

stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support

quaff : sip :: stride : mince

stodgy

strident

adj. / : HIDEBOUND,

adj.

BORING, DULL

: characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound

: extremely old-fashioned ; having an ultraconservative

stridency : sound :: acridity : odor

character

stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance

mawkish : sentimental :: stodgyconservative(>)

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strike

Fifth Edition

v.

Editor : Juntack Lim

: stand in the way of

: to form by stamping, printing, or punching

stymie abet

strike : medal :: mint : coin

stymie promote

stringent

adj. : TIGHT, CONSTRICTED

subdue

v. /

: marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with

: to conquer and bring into subjection

regard to rule or standard

impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued(#)

stringent lax

subdue inflame
subdued unruly

strip

v.

flamboyant subdued

bedeck strip

burgeon subdue

strut

subject

v/n. /

n.

: a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the

: one that is placed under authority or control

direction of its length

potentate subject

: to walk with pompous bearing

pontificate : speak :: strut : walk

subjugate

strut : wing :: buttress : wall

: to bring under control and governance as a subject

strut : wing :: guy : pylon

subjugation liberation

stubborn

adj. : MULISH

v. : CONQUER

sublime

adj. /

: unreasonably or perversely unyielding

: lofty, grand, or exalted in thought, expression, or manner

: justifiably unyielding

sublime ridiculous
sublime base

studio

n.

studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist

stultify

v. /

sublime common
sublime worthless
submerge

v.

: to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on

: to put under water

stultifying exciting/stirring

bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant

stultify animate

/dissolve : insoluble

stumble

submissive

v.

: to make an error

adj.

: submitting to others

stumble win out

subordinate
stun

v. : DAZE

adj. / : INFERIOR

: placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position

: to make senseless, groggy, or dizzy by or as if by a

principal subordinate

blow

tractable insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

stunt

v. ()

subpoena

n.

: to hinder the normal growth, development, or progress

: a writ commanding a person designated in it to appear in

of

court under a penalty for failure

obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth

lien : claim :: subpoena : command

stupefy

v. / : DAZE

: to make stupid , groggy, or insensible

subside

v.

: to tend downward
subside promote

sturdy

adj.

: marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor

subsidiary

n. / : AUXILIARY

: secondary in importance; subordinate

stylus

n.

preponderant subsidiary

: a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking,

or engraving

subsidy

stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination

: a grant by a government to a private person or company to

stylus : engraving :: shield : protecting

assist

n.

sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive

stymie

v.

: to present an obstacle to

substantial

135

adj. //

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

: consisting of or relating to substance

Editor : Juntack Lim

sulky rejoicing

: not imaginary or illusory

diaphanous substantial

sullen

substantive trivial

: gloomily or resentfully silent or repressed

vaporous substantial

: moving sluggishly

adj. /

sullen : levity :: ??
substantiate

v. : VERIFY

: to establish by proof or competent evidence

summary

substantiate disapprove

compendium : summary :: anthology : collection

unsubstantiated verified

summary protracted

n.

controvert substantiate
summary
subterfuge

n. /

: deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal,

adj.

: done without delay or formality ; quickly executed

summarily after long deliberation

escape, or evade
subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour

summit

n. / : PEAK

: the highest point

subtle

adj. / : OBSCURE

crest : wave :: summit/peak : mountain

: difficult to understand or perceive

roof : room :: summit : mountain

subtle : ignore :: salient : observe

nadir summit

subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead

palpable subtle

summon

blatant subtle

: to command by service of a summons to appear in court

v.

command : request :: summon : invite(>)

subvert

v. /

: to overturn or overthrow from the foundation

summons : citation :: ??
summon dismiss

: to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals,

allegiance, or faith

sumptuous

adj.

: extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent

succinct

adj.

: marked by compact precise expression without wasted

sumptuous ascetic
sumptuousness sobriety

words
loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#)

sunder

babble express succinctly

: to become parted, disunited, or severed

prolixity succinctness

collapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<)

v.

verbosity succinctness

sunder connect

voluble taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

sunder link
sunder combine/yoke/bond

succor

v. (,) : RELIEVE

: to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or

sunder combination
sunder conjoin

distress
succor : relief :: caution : warning

supercilious

succor aggravate

: coolly and patronizingly haughty

succor withdraw assistance

supercilious obsequious

adj.

supercilious humble
suffuse

v.

: to spread over or through in the manner of fluid or

superciliousness humility
supercilious groveling

light
tint : suffuse :: damp : quench(<)

superficial

adj.

: of or relating to a surface
suggestible

adj.

superficial central

: readily influenced by suggestion

superfluous
suite

n. /

adj. / : EXTRA

: exceeding what is sufficient or necessary ; not needed

: a group of rooms occupied as a unit

pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity

retinue : attendant :: suite : room

integral superfluous
superfluous elemental

sulky

adj. /

superfluity scarcity

: sullenly aloof or withdrawn

136

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Fifth Edition

adj.

Editor : Juntack Lim

svelte

adj. : SLENDER, LITHE

: easy and fluent without stiffness or awkwardness

: slender or graceful in figure or outline

numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness

svelte plump

firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless

svelte paunchy and awkward

supplement

n. /

: something that completes or makes an addition

swagger

v. /

: to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously pompous

manner; especially : to walk with an air of overbearing self-

supplicate

v.

confidence

: to ask for earnestly and humbly

blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk

protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat(>)

fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger

supplicant : beseeching :: coquette :: flirtatious

imperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate

supplicate demand

pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk

imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger

suppress

v. : SUBDUE

: to put down by authority or force

swamp

suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke

: a difficult or troublesome situation or subject

n. /

suppress stimulate
suppress catalyze

sweltering

adj. /

: oppressively hot
surfeit

n. : EXCESS

sweltering frigid

: an overabundant supply
surfeit deficiency

swerve

deprivation surfeit

: to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course

v. : DEVIATE

swerve maintain direction

surgeon

n.

scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer

swill

v. : GUZZLE

: to drink or eat freely, greedily, or to excess

surrender

v.

: to yield to the power, control, or possession of another

swill : sip :: gobble : nibble

swill sip

upon compulsion or demand

inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated

swindle

appropriate surrender

: to obtain money or property by fraud or deceit

v.

implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle

surreptitious

adj. : CLANDESTINE

swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert

: done, made, or acquired by stealth

surreptitious barefaced/aboveboard

swing

n.

: something that swings freely from or on a support

surrogate

n/v. /

oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter

: to appoint as successor, deputy, or substitute for

oneself

sybarite

n. : VOLUPTUARY,

SENSUALIST
suspend

v. /

: to cause to stop temporarily

Spartan sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious
sybarite ascetic

suspend erect
invoke suspend

sycophant

n.

: a servile self-seeking flatterer

suspicion

n. / : DOUBT

libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious

: the act or an instance of suspecting something wrong

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen

without proof or on slight evidence

/sycophant : fawn

: a minute amount or slight indication

narcissist : self absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious

enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia

reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn

innuendo : suspicion :: ??(=)

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation

/pundit : opine

sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain

suture

n.

sycophant : curry :: surveyor : oversee

: the act or process of sewing with sutures

sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent

suture incision

frugal : penurious :: deferent : sycophantic(<)

avulsion suture

querulous : complaint :: sycophantic : flattery

sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse

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sycophant : fawn :: reprobate : misbehave

Editor : Juntack Lim

tackle

n.

: an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain

syllogism

n.

mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling

: deductive reasoning

bolster : support :: tackle : hoist

remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove

tacky
symbiosis

n.

adj.

: slightly adhesive or gummy to the touch

: the living together in more or less intimate association

tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel

or close union of two dissimilar organisms

parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent

tactile

symbiosis agonizing association

: perceptible by touch

symbiosis unrelated growth

tactile : touch :: affective : emotion

adj. / : TANGIBLE

tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion

sympathetic

adj.

: given to, marked by, or arising from sympathy,

tactless

compassion, friendliness, and sensitivity to others'

: marked by lack of tact

emotions

chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful

callous sympathetic

gaffe : tactless :: ??

adj. /

obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive :offend

symphony

n. /

savvy tactless

instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet

sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer

tag

stanza : poem :: movement : symphony

: strip of leather, paper, metal, or plastic attached to something

n.

or hung from a wearer's neck to identify, classify, or label

synergic

adj. : COOPERATING

tag : identify :: canopy : cover

: working together
synergic antagonistic

taint

n/v. // : CORRUPT

: to contaminate morally
synopsis

n. : ABSTRACT

taint : integrity :: ??

: a condensed statement or outline (as of a narrative or

tainted unspoiled/wholesome

treatise)

pristine taint

synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity

taint integrity

synopsis : condensed :: appendix : supplementary

taint purity

synopsis protraction

tainted unadulterated
tainted unblemished

synthesis

n.

: the composition or combination of parts or elements so

tame

as to form a whole

: lacking spirit, zest, interest, or the capacity to excite

synthesis analysis

tame : tractable :: ??

synthesize break into parts

tame racy

adj. / : INSIPID

tamper
T

v.

: to tinker with rashly or foolishly

tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate

taciturn

adj. /

tangent

adj. , : IRRELEVANT

: temperamentally disinclined to talk

: diverging from an original purpose or course

tacit : infer :: encoded : decode

tangent essential

taciturn : solemnity :: token : exchange

loquacious taciturn

tangible

taciturn prolix

: capable of being perceived especially by the sense of touch

volubility taciturnity

initial : realized :: tangible : indefinite (#)

voluble taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

{moribund : dead} !

windbag taciturnity

Incipient : realized :: tangible : indefinite

expansive taciturn/withdrawn/limited

tangible unable to perceive

tacit explicit

tangible indefinite

adj. / : PALPABLE

tacit directly expressed

glib taciturn

tangy adj.
: having or suggestive of a tang

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Editor : Juntack Lim

tangy bland

taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit

tantalize

taut

v. /

adj.

: to tease or torment by or as if by presenting

: having no give or slack ; tightly drawn

something desirable to the view but continually keeping

slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength

it out of reach

taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu(#)

tease : tantalize :: ??

slacken tauten

tantalize comfort/console/solace/alleviate

taut slack

/assuage/ease/relieve

tauten loosen

satiate tantalize

lax taut
taut loose

tantamount

adj.

: equivalent in value, significance, or effect

tawdry

tantamount incommensurate

: cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality

adj.

tantrum

tawdry exquisite

tawdrygarment :: grandiloquencelanguage
n.

: a fit of bad temper

tantrum pacification

taxing

adj. : ONEROUS, WEARING

taxing light
taper

v.

taxing easy

: progressively narrowed toward one end

abate : intensity :: taper : width

tear

v/n. /( )

: a hole or flaw made by tearing

tapestry

n.

: to divide or disrupt by the pull of contrary forces

: something felt to resemble a richly and complexly

tear insert

designed cloth

{stabilize} !

chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy

tear tether

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy

tease
tardy

adj. : LATE, SLUGGISH

v.

: to tantalize especially by arousing desire or curiosity without

: moving slowly

intending to satisfy it

: delayed beyond the expected or proper time

tease : tantalize :: ??

guile : naf(nave) :: tardy : prompt(#)

tedious
tarnish

v. /

adj. / : BORING

: tiresome because of length or dullness

: to dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to

tedious : energy :: disturbing : composure

air or dirt

tedious entertaining

silver : tarnish :: iron : rust

tedious absorbing

tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth

teeter
tarpaulin

n.

: a piece of material (as durable plastic) used for

v. // : WOBBLE

: to move unsteadily
teeter stabilize

protecting exposed objects or areas

tarpaulin : protection :: caveat : precaution

telling

tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment

: carrying great weight and producing a marked effect

lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment

telling not effective

tasty

adj.

adj. : EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE

temerity

n. / : RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS

: strikingly attractive or interesting

: unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger or opposition

tasty uninteresting

temerity circumspection
temerity pusillanimity

tatty

adj. / : SHABBY

temerity cautious approach

: rather worn, frayed, or dilapidated

tatty smart

temperate

adj. /

: marked by moderation
taunt

v/n. ~ /

temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist

: to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting

harangue speak temperately

manner

temperate dissolute

flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge

temperate immodest

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Editor : Juntack Lim

apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)

temporize

v. []/

terror : fear :: craving : desire(>)

: to engage in discussions or negotiations, especially so

terse

as to achieve a compromise or gain time

: brief and to the point; effectively concise

: to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument,

terseness : voluble :: transitory : permanence

or postpone a decision

abandon : inhibition :: volubility: terseness(#)

adj.

temporizing unwilling to compromise

testator
tenable

adj. [] : DEFENSIBLE,

REASONABLE

n.

: a person who dies leaving a will or testament in force

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

: capable of being held, maintained, or defended

ineluctable/inevitable : avoid:: untenable : defend

testimonial

tenable unjustified/unsound

: something given in appreciation of a person's service or

tenable unjustifiable

achievement

tenable specious/indefensible/fallacious

testimonial : appreciation :: confession : culpability

n.

tenable fallible
tenable unsupportable

testimony

n.

: a solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness under

tenacious

adj. /

oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or authorized

: persistent in maintaining or adhering to something

public official

valued or habitual

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)

beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield

temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist

testy

tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry

: easily annoyed

tenacious negotiable

: marked by impatience or ill humor

adj. / : IRRITABLE

testy : annoy :: tractable : control

tendentious

adj. [] : BIASED

testyannoy :: tractable : teach

: marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of

testy good-humored

view

testy humorous

tendentious : objective :: ??

testiness imperturbability

tendentious unbiased

testy unable to irritate

tendentious unprejudiced
tether
tendinous

adj. : SINEWY

tendinous : sinewy :: ??

v. ()

: to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tether

tether detach
tether loose

tentative

adj. /[] :

tear tether

HESITANT, UNCERTAIN
: not fully worked out or developed

theatrical

pontificate speak tentatively

: marked by pretense or artificiality of emotion

tepid

amateurs

adj/n. /

: stage performances or a stage performance, especially by

adj. / : LUKEWARM

: lacking in passion, force, or zest

theatrical natural

tepid fever

theatricals professional

tepid ardent

theatrical cherubic/sober
theatrical restrained

terminology

n.

: the technical or special terms used in a business, art,

theology

science, or special subject

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology

terminology : language :: uniform : clothing

conservatory : music :: observatory : astronomy

terminus

therapeutic

n. : TERMINAL

n.

adj.

: either end of a transportation line or travel route

: of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by

inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation(#)

remedial agents or methods

terminus : stop :: epilogue : story

therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school

terror

thorny

n.

: a state of intense fear

adj.

: full of difficulties or controversial points

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thorny smooth

Editor : Juntack Lim

timorous intrepid
timorous stalwart

threadbare

adj.

: exhausted of interest or freshness

tinge

threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine :

tinged colorless

v. : TINT

directness
tinker
thrive

v. : FLOURISH

v. : FIDDLE

: to repair, adjust, or work with something in an unskilled or

: to grow vigorously

experimental manner

languish thrive

tinker : adjust :: scribble : write

wizened thriving
thrive fail

tint

languor thrive

tint : suffuse :: damp : quench(<)

throng

tirade

v.

n.

n.

: to crowd together in great numbers

: a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate,

protract : length :: throng : number

vituperative, or harshly censorious language

anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole

thwart

v.

: to oppose successfully ; defeat the hopes or

toady

aspirations of

: one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors

oppose : thwart :: treat : cure(=)

recluse : solitude :: toady : favor

abet thwart/impede

toady : flatter :: ??

n. : SYCOPHANT

thwart support/aid
thwart enable

token

thwart foster

: done as an indication or a pledge

adj/n. /

thwart abet

: a piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for currency

thwart aid effectively

token : exchange :: clamp : compression

taciturn : solemnity :: token : exchange

ticklish

adj.

: requiring delicate handling

tolerance

pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend

: the act of allowing something

ticklish imperturbable

: capacity to endure pain or hardship

n. /

bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy

tidy

adj.

inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency

: neat and orderly in appearance or habits

posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant

sloven tidy

bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan

tiff

n. : SPAT

tong

n/v. /

: a petty quarrel

: to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs.

tiff : squabble :: foible : failing

tong : seize :: ??
tongs : grasping :: reel : winding

tightfisted

adj.

: reluctant to part with money

tonic

tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=)

: one that invigorates, restores, refreshes, or stimulates

n. : REFRESHING

conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate

timeworn

adj. : HACKNEYED, STALE

tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden

threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine :

tonic enfeebling

directness

tonic draining

threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity

timeworn novel

tonsorial

adj.

tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

timid

adj. /

: lacking in courage or self-confidence

topsy-turvy

self-confident : timid :: open : shy(#)

: totally disordered

adj. /

topsy-turvy tranquil
timorous

adj. / : FEARFUL

: of a timid disposition

torpid

scrappy timorous

: having lost motion or the power of exertion or feeling

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KOREA GRE

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: sluggish in functioning or acting

Editor : Juntack Lim

trained ?

torpid responsive
torpid arduous

trait

ebullient torpid

: a distinguishing quality (as of personal character)

torpor

transcend

n. /

n. : PECULIARITY

v. : OVERCOME

: a state of mental and motor inactivity with partial or

: to rise above or go beyond the limits of

total insensibility : extreme sluggishness or stagnation

negative or restrictive aspects of

of function

ossify transcend conventions

, to triumph over the

torpor : iciness :: ??
torpor zeal

transfigure

torpor animation

: to give a new and typically exalted or spiritual appearance to

torpor alert

transfer : location :: transfigure : aspect

v.

transfigure : appearance :: transfer : location

torrential

adj. /

: flowing or surging abundantly ; wild

transgress

torrential trickling

: to go beyond limits set or prescribed by

v. : VIOLATE

rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse

torrid

adj. : ARDENT

: giving off intense heat

transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety

transgress obey

torrid arctic
transient
tortuous

adj. / : TRICKY,

adj. / : TRANSITORY

: passing especially quickly into and out of existence

CIRCUITOUS

opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience(=)

: marked by devious or indirect tactics

convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience(=)

tortuous direct

convoluted : complexity :: transient : evanescent

tortuous straightforward

transient : vanish :: constant : perpetuate

tout

transient lasting

transience permanence
v. []

: to praise or publicize loudly or extravagantly

transient protracted

tout deprecate

persistence transience

tout denounce

transient perpetual

tout cast aspersions on

transient rooted

tourniquet

n.

transitory

adj.

: a device (as a bandage twisted tight with a stick) to

: tending to pass away

check bleeding or blood flow

: not persistent

tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion

transitory : endure :: immutable : change

transitory enduring

toxin

n.

transient protracted

toxin innocuous substance

transitoriness durability

tractable

transitoriness permanence
perpetual transitory

adj. / : DOCILE

: capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled

: easily handled, managed, or wrought

translucent

complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit(#)

: permitting the passage of light

adj. : CLEAR, TRANSPARENT

subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead

slack : tension :: opaque : translucence

testy : annoy :: tractable : control

translucent opaque

tame : tractable :: ??

translucent impervious of light

balky tractable
pertinacious tractable

transparent

tractability incorrigibility

: fine or sheer enough to be seen through

adj. /

tractable incorrigible

: readily understood

tractable insubordinate

conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand

tractable intransigent/obstinate

manifest/lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand

pliant intransigence/intractable

opacity transparency
transparent deceitful

train

v. : DIRECT

transparent delusive

: to aim at an object or objective

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traverse

Fifth Edition

v.

: to go or travel across or over

Editor : Juntack Lim

: a gift or service showing respect, gratitude, or affection

tribute reprobation

diverge : apart :: traverse : across

trickle
travesty

v.

: to make a travesty of ; parody or ridicule

n.

: a thin, slow, or intermittent stream or movement

blast : whiff :: gush : trickle

travesty paragon
trite
treacherous

adj : PERFIDIOUS

: likely to betray trust

treacherousness faithfulness

adj.

: hackneyed or boring from much use

: not fresh or original
trite unbanal/unhackneyed
trite fresh

treasurer

n.

trite original

: an officer entrusted with the receipt, care, and

disbursement of funds

triumph

n.

treasurer : funds :: secretary : records

trivial
treaty

n.

adj.

: of little worth or importance

: an agreement or arrangement made by negotiation

substantive trivial

rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis

trivial massive
grandiose trivial

tremendous

adj. /

indispensable trivial

: notable by reason of extreme size, power, greatness,

or excellence

trophy

: unusually large

trophy : contestant :: honors : student

tremulous

troupe

adj. /

n.

n.

: such as is or might be caused by nervousness or

: company or group, especially of touring actors, singers, or

shakiness

dancers
troupe : perform :: chorus : sing

trenchant

adj. /

: vigorously effective and articulate

truant

trenchant : insipid :: ??

: one who shirks duty or work

trenchant vague/dull

truant : dutiful :: ??

adj/n.

truant dutiful
trendsetter

n.

: one that sets a trend

truculent

adj. / : CRUEL, SAVAGE

: feeling or displaying ferocity

trepidation

n. / : APPREHENSION

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse(#)

: timorous uncertain agitation

truculent gentle

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration

truculent pacific

dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment

truculence kindness

trepidation aplomb

truculent placid

dauntless trepid

genial truculent

trepidation soberness
trudge
trespass

v. /

v.

: to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously

: to enter unlawfully upon the land of another

lug : carry :: trudge : walk

usurp : take :: trespass : enter

cavort trudge

{overwhelm : defeat} !
trespass without to intrude

truism

trespass undo

: an undoubted or self-evident truth; especially : one too

trespass obey

obvious for mention

n.

truism unusual observation

trial

n.

trial : courthouse :: experiment : laboratory

truncate

studio : artist :: laboratoryscientist

: to shorten by or as if by cutting off

v. /

truncate : extent :: simplify : complexity

tribute

n. : ENCOMIUM

prolong truncate

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Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

tyrant
truss

n.

n.

: a ruler who exercises absolute power oppressively or brutally

: a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars,

designed to support a structure, such as a roof

tyro

ballast : stability :: truss : support

: a beginner in learning something

n.

tyro expert
tubby

adj. /

: sounding dull and without proper resonance or

freedom of sound
tumbler

n. : ACROBAT
ubiquitous

tumult

n. : COMMOTION

adj.

: existing or being everywhere at the same time : constantly

: disorderly agitation or milling about of a crowd usually

encountered

with uproar and confusion of voices

ubiquitous unique

tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive

calm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous(#)

ugly

tumult quietude/quiescence

: displeasing to the eye

tumult tranquility

pulchritude ugliness/hideousness

adj. : HIDEOUS

tumultuous serene
tumultuous tranquil

unavailing

adj. : FUTILE/USELESS

: not availing; ineffectual or useless

turbid

adj. : FOUL, MUDDY

: deficient in clarity or purity

unassuming

adj. : MODEST, RETIRING

: not assuming : not arrogant or presuming

turbulent

adj. /

unassuming overbearing

: causing unrest, violence, or disturbance

maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory

uncanny

adj.

: seeming to have a supernatural character or origin : EERIE,

turgid

adj. : BOMBASTIC, POMPOUS

: excessively embellished in style or language

MYSTERIOUS
uncanny ordinary

turgid simple
unconventional
turmoil

n.

adj. []

: not bound by or in accordance with convention

: a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or

hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional

commotion

unconventionality fidelity to custom

turmoil tranquility
uncouth
turncoat

n. : TRAITOR

adj.

: awkward and uncultivated in appearance, manner, or behavior

: one who switches to an opposing side or party

uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver

bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy

seemly uncouth

turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity

turncoat : consistency :: recluse : compassion

unctuous

constancy turncoat

: containing or composed of oil or fat

adj. /

: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false

turpitude

n. : DEPRAVITY

earnestness or spirituality

: inherent baseness

placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous

turpitude saintly behavior

sanctimonious : devout :: unctuous : earnest

unctuous brusque

tutor

n.

twig

n.

underdog
: any small, leafless branch of a woody plant

n.

: a victim of injustice or persecution

underdog bully

figurine : statue :: twig : branch

undergird
typo

n. /

v. // : STRENGTHEN,

SUPPORT

: an error (as of spelling) in typed or typeset material

: to form the basis or foundation of

typo : text :: bug : software

undermine undergird

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Fifth Edition

undermine

v. /

Editor : Juntack Lim

: to subvert or weaken insidiously or secretly

unpretentious

undermine undergird

: free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation

aggrandize undermine

bombastic unpretentious

underscore

n/v. ()

unrepentant

adj. : MODEST

adj.

: line drawn under a word or line especially for emphasis

: having or exhibiting no remorse

or to indicate intent to italicize

unrepentant remorseful/attritional/compunctious

underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership

underscore de-emphasize

unrequited

underscore underplay

: not reciprocated or returned in kind

adj.

remunerative unrequited
unearth

v. /

: to bring to public notice

unruly

unearth conceal

: not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed

adj.

unruly : authority :: refractory : change

unexceptionable

adj. :

UNIMPEACHABLE

subdued unruly
unruly disciplined

: not open to objection or criticism ; beyond reproach

unexceptionable : oppose :: unique : precedent

untenable

adj. /

: Being such that defense or maintenance is impossible

unexceptional

adj. : COMMONPLACE

: not out of the ordinary

: Being such that occupation or habitation is impossible

untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury
incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended

unflagging

adj. /

unflagging fading

inalienable : surrendered :: untenable : depended

untenable : depended :: inexorable : persuade
untenable defensible

unflappable

adj.

untenable habitable

: marked by assurance and self-control

unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade

untold

unflappable disturbed

: too great or numerous to count

adj. : INCALCULABLE, VAST

countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number
ungainly

adj. / : CLUMSY

:: everlasting/interminable : duration

: lacking in smoothness or dexterity

untold able to quantify/quantifiable/calculable

: having an awkward appearance

untold able to gauge

loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly

adroit ungainly

untoward

ungainly dexterous

UNPROPITIOUS

lissome ungainly

: difficult to guide, manage, or work with

adj. // : ADVERSE,

: marked by trouble or unhappiness

unheralded

adj. /

: not favorable

: without warning or announcement

untoward favorable and anticipated

unheralded : announcement :: rash : circumspection

untoward fortunate

unheralded : announcement :: impromptu : rehearsal

toward obdurate
auspicious untoward

unimpeachable

adj. /

untoward propitious

: not to be called in question

unimpeachable open to question

untutored

adj. : NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED

: having no formal learning or training

unkempt

adj.

untutored polished

: deficient in order or neatness

unkempt dapper
unlettered

adj.

: lacking facility in reading and writing and ignorant of

the knowledge to be gained from books

unwitting
adj. / : UNAWARE
: not knowing
conscious unwitting
unwonted

adj.

erudite smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered

: being out of the ordinary

unpalatable

unwonted usual

adj. / : DISTASTEFUL

habit unwonted behavior

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upbraid

Fifth Edition

v.

: to reproach severely ; scold vehemently

Editor : Juntack Lim

overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune

soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity

upbraid : reproach :: dote : like(>)

upbraid laud/extol

vacillate

adj. / : FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE

: to waver in mind, will, or feeling

uphold

v.

: hesitate in choice of opinions or courses

: to support against an opponent

impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness

abrogate uphold

vacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant(#)

forsake uphold

vacillate : persistent :: react : inert

impugn uphold

vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contrite

apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute/hesitant

uproar

n.

adamant vacillatory

: a state of commotion, excitement, or violent

impetuosity hesitance/vacillation

disturbance

pertinacity vacillation
equipoise vacillate

upset

v.

vacillation decisiveness

: to trouble mentally or emotionally

unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade

vacuous

adj. / : STUPID, INANE

: lacking intelligence
urbane

adj. : POLISHED

: devoid of substance or meaning

: notably polite or finished in manner

vacuous intelligent

urbane rude/rustic

vacuous omniscient
vacuous substantial

urge

v.

vacuous full of ideas

: to present, advocate, or demand earnestly or

pressingly

vagary

didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge

: an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action,

{risible : ridicule} !

or notion

n. /

vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute

usurp

v. /

vagary : predict :: impossibility : accomplish

: to seize and hold (as office, place, or powers) in

vagary : predict :: acme : surpass

possession by force or without right

unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary

usurp : take :: overwhelm : defeat

vagary : predict :: diehard : budge

impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization

impostor : imitation :: usurper : authentication

vagrant

embezzle : funds :: usurp : power

: having no fixed course

usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine(>)

vagrant fixed

n/adj. / : RANDOM

usurp : seize :: defame : disparage(>)

usurp assume rightfully

vague

adj. /

: not clearly defined, grasped, or understood

utter

adj/v. //

: carried to the utmost point or highest degree

trenchant vague
vague well defined

: to make a statement or sound

flit : move :: blurt : utter

valediction

exclaim : utter :: flare : shine(>)

: an act of bidding farewell

jest solemn utterance

panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell

utter partial

valediction greeting
valiant
V

n.

adj. : COURAGEOUS

: possessing or acting with bravery or boldness

valiant pusillanimous

vacate

v. (,)

valid

adj.

: to empty of occupants or incumbents

: logically correct

vacate occupy

specious valid
fallacy valid argument

vaccinate

v.

: to inoculate (a person) with cowpox virus in order to

valorize

produce immunity to smallpox

: to establish and maintain the price of (a commodity) by

146

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KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

governmental action
veer
valorous

adj.

v.

: to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose

: marked by or possessing great personal bravery

veer : direction :: convert : belief

craven valorous

topic : digress :: course : veer

veer maintain constant

vanquish

v.

: to defeat in a conflict or contest

vehement

dominate : vanquished :: ??

: intensely emotional

adj. / : POWERFUL

: marked by forceful energy

vapid

adj. / : FLAT, DULL

vehement politic

: lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force

vehement languid

bracing vapid

vehement apathetic

vapid zealous

vehemency tepidity

vapid riveting

vehemence lull

vapid inventive
vapid piquant

venerate

vapid zesty

: to regard with respect, reverence, or heartfelt deference

vaporize

veneration derision

v.

veneration hatred
v.

: to convert (as by the application of heat or by

{blame, defiance} !

spraying) into vapor

scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization

venom

abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat

: poisonous matter normally secreted by some animals

gasification solidification

placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic

n.

vaporization solidification
venal
vaporous

adj. /

adj. / : PURCHASABLE

: open to corrupt influence and especially bribery

: insubstantial, vague, or ethereal

disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity

vaporous substantial

venal unsusceptible of bribe

venal incorruptible

variance

n. / : DIFFERENCE, VARIATION

: the fact, quality, or state of being variable or variant

vendor

immutable variable

: one that sell especially as a hawker or peddler

variance congruity

vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

variegation

veneer

n.

n.

n. ()/

: the state of being variegated; diversified coloration

: a layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to be

variegation uniform coloration

glued to an inferior wood

foil : metal :: veneer : wood

varnish

v/n. /

: to give a smooth and glossy finish to

veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall

glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture

glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood

varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth

venerate

varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum

: to regard with reverential respect or with admiring deference

v. /

perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration

vault

n.

venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn

: a room or compartment for the safekeeping of

veneration derision

valuables

venerate dishonor

larder : provisions :: vault : valuables

venerate contempt

vault : valuables :: refrigerator : foods {library : books}

venerate disdain/distain
veneration hatred

vaunt

v. / : BRAG

veneration scorn

: to call attention to pridefully and often boastfully

vaunt humble

vengeful

vaunt self-deprecate

: indicating or proceeding from a desire for revenge

vaunt downplay

demanding : satisfy :: vengeful : forgive

adj. : REVENGEFUL

vaunting meek
vaunt deprecate

venial

147

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KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

Editor : Juntack Lim

: meriting no particular censure or notice

vernacular : place :: jargon : profession

venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand

vernacular : local :: jargon : profession

heinous venial
versatile
ventilate

v.

adj. /

: having many uses or applications

versatile having limited application

veracious

adj. / : TRUTHFUL, HONEST

veracious mendacious

vertigo

mendacity veracity

: a confused, disoriented state of mind

[ver: truth ]

vertigo : nauseate :: ??

n.

tranquility vertigo
verbatim

adj. : WORD-FOR-WORD

: using exactly the same words; corresponding word for

verve

word

: the spirit and enthusiasm animating artistic composition or

paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise

performance

argot standard language/common verbalism

verve listlessness

n. / :VIVACITY

{waning} !
verbose

adj. : WORDY

lassitude verve

: containing more words than necessary

laconism verbosity

vessel

verbosity succinctness

: a tube or canal (as an artery) in which a body fluid is

verbose succinct

contained and conveyed or circulated

verbose concise

aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas

n.

aqueduct : water :: vessel : blood

verdant

adj. /

: green with growing plants

vestigial

: unripe in experience or judgment

: relating of a trace, mark, or visible sign left by something (as

verdant sterile

an ancient city or a condition or practice) vanished or lost

verdant sere

vestigial fully developed

adj. /

verdant barren
veteran
verdict
verify

n.
v. /

n.

cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog

veto

n/v. []/ : INTERDICTION

: to confirm or substantiate in law by oath

: an authoritative prohibition

verifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible

veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory

plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy

veto consent

refutation verification
unsubstantiated verified

vex

verifiable fallacious

: to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to

refute verify

draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation

v.

conciliate vex
verisimilar

adj. : PROBABLE

vex pacify/appease/soothe

: having the appearance of truth

vex conciliation

verisimilar implausible

vex mollify

[ver: truth ]

vexation gratification
vex assuage

veritable

adj. /

: being in fact the thing named and not false, unreal, or

viable

imaginary

: capable of living

veritable specious

elastic : expand :: viable : live

[ver: truth ]

viability inability to live

vermin

vibrant

n.

: person considered loathsome or highly offensive

adj.

adj. /

: oscillating or pulsating rapidly

: pulsating with life, vigor, or activity

vernacular

adj. /

: the everyday language spoken by a people as

flagging vibrant
ponderous lively/vibrant/brisk

distinguished from the literary language

148

KOREA GRE
vicarious

Fifth Edition

adj. : SUBSTITUTIONARY

Editor : Juntack Lim

vindicate

v. (,)

: performed or suffered by one person as a substitute

: to free from allegation or blame

for another or to the benefit or advantage of another

calumniate vindicate

vicarious first-handed

impugn vindicate
vindicate inculpate

vicious

adj. : DEPRAVED

: having the nature or quality of vice or immorality

vindicate confirm guilt

[vindic: ]

benign vicious
benignant vicious

vindictive

adj. : VENGEFUL

: disposed to seek revenge

vicissitude

n. /

mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge

: the quality or state of being changeable

vicissitudinous unchanging

violate

v. : RAPE

virility

n.

vicissitudinous immutable
victimize

v. : SWINDLE

: the quality or state of being virile

: to subject to deception or fraud

victimize treat fairly

virtuoso

n.

: a person who has great skill at some endeavor

vigilant

adj. /

virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power

: alertly watchful especially to avoid danger

virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied

virtuoso : skill :: genius : intelligence

vigilant : entrapped :: demanding : satisfied

virtuosity mediocrity

vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled

virtuosity beginner

wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed

vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped

virtuous

watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled

: morally excellent

vigilant oblivious

doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue

vigilant unalert

base virtuous

vigilant negligible/supine

nefarious above reproach/virtuous

adj. / :RIGHTEOUS

vigilant slack
virulent
vignette

n. /

: a brief incident or scene (as in a play or movie)

adj. /

: extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous

virulent salubrious

: a decorative design placed at the beginning or end of a

book or chapter of a book or along the border of a page.

viscid

vignette : scene :: skit : drama

: thick and adhesive

vignette : book :: scene : movie

viscid slick

vigor

viscous

n.

adj.

adj. : VISCID

: active bodily or mental strength or force

: having a glutinous consistency

decrepit vigorous

glutinous nonviscous

vile

adj. /

visionary

adj. : UTOPIAN

: miserably poor and degrading

: incapable of being realized or achieved

vile noble

visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)

miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion

vilify

v. : DEFAME

: to utter slanderous and abusive statements against

vista

extol vilify

: a distant view through or along an avenue or opening

vilification approbation

placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista

n. : PROSPECT

vilification beautification
vilify honor

vitality

n.

: capacity to live and develop;

vim

n.

also :physical or mental vigor

especially when highly developed

: robust energy and enthusiasm

attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality

lassitude vim/animation

dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality

lassitude verve

enervation : vitality :: debase : value

arrest vitalize

149

KOREA GRE

Fifth Edition

vitality enervation

Editor : Juntack Lim

voluble

adj. : GLIB, FLUENT

: characterized by ready or rapid speech

vitiate

v. / : IMPAIR

voluble : verbosity :: licentious : dissoluteness

: to debase in moral or aesthetic status

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility

vitiate strengthen

maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse(#)

vitiate fortify

abandon : inhibition :: volubility: terseness(#)

vitrify

laconic voluble

volubility taciturnity
v.

: to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and

voluble taciturn/succinct/reticent

fusion

voluble dour

tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth

voluminous
vitriolic

adj.

: bitterly scathing; caustic

adj. /

: having or marked by great volume or bulk

voluminous scanty/scarce

vitriolic soothing
volunteer
vituperative

adj. /

: uttering or given to censure

adj.

: performing a service voluntarily

volunteer obligatory

:containing or characterized by verbal abuse

vituperative admirable/complimentary

voluptuous

vituperate admire

: given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or

vituperate praise

sensual gratifications

vituperate adulate

voluptuary ascetic

vituperative adulatory

Spartan sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious

adj.

voluptuous self contained/self denying

vivacious

adj. / : SPRIGHTLY

: lively in temper, conduct, or spirit

vomit

vivid : intensify :: ??

: an act or instance of disgorging the contents of the stomach

phlegmatic vivacious

through the mouth

vivacious languid

vomit : disgorge :: ??

n.

vivid weary
vivacious leaden

voracious

adj. : INSATIABLE

: excessively eager
vivid

adj. : LIVELY

: having a huge appetite

: having the appearance of vigorous life or freshness

impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy

vivid : intensify :: ??

voracity lack of appetite

vociferous

votary

adj.

n.

: marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry

: a staunch believer or advocate

vociferous reticent/monotone/serene/still

votary skeptic

vociferous : monotone :: ??
vouch
vogue

n. : POPULARITY

v.

: to summon into court to warrant or defend a title

vouch refuse to guarantee

volatile

adj. /

: characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected

vulgar

change

: lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste

craven : heroic :: volatile : constant(#)

genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear(#)

adj. / : COARSE

volatile : temper :: ready : wit

volatile constant

vulture

volatile stable

: a person of a rapacious, predatory, or profiteering nature

imperturbability volatility

vulture altruist

volition

n. /

n. / : WILL

: the power of choosing or determining

volition inability to choose

volition inability to select
volitional unanimated

waffle

v. : BLATHER

: to speak or write evasively

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waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)

vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied

waffle speak unequivocally

vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled

wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed

wag

n. : WIT, JOKER

: a humorous or droll person

wastrel

ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine

: one who dissipates resources foolishly and self-indulgently

dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag

inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel

n. : PROFLIGATE

wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid

waterproof
wan

adj. / : SICKLY, PALLID, FEEBLE

: suggestive of poor health

adj.

: impervious to water
waterproof permeable

: lacking vitality
wan hale

watershed

wan rubicund

: a crucial dividing point, line, or factor

n. : TURNING POINT

watershed routine
wander

v. []

{ambiguity} !

: to move about without a definite destination or

purpose

waylay

wandering move purposely

: to lie in wait for or attack from ambush

v.

vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped

wanderlust

n.

: strong longing for or impulse toward wandering or

watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled

watchful : waylaid :: wary : duped

traveling
curiosity : know :: wanderlust : travel

wax

vt/n. (,) //

: to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity

wane

v. / : DWINDLE, DIM

varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum

: to decrease in size, extent, or degree

wax decrease

burgeoning waning

wax waste away

resurgence waning vitally

flag wax

wane wax

wane wax

wane increase
increase : , .

weld

augment : .

: to unite (metallic parts) by heating and allowing the metals to

enlarge : .

flow together or by hammering or compressing with or without

v.

previous heating
want

n. /

weld : metal :: sew : fabric

: grave and extreme poverty that deprives one of the

necessities of life

welter

repletion want

: to be in turmoil

v.

welter orderly arrangement

wanton

adj. / :

MISCHIEVOUS

wheedle

: playfully mean or cruel

: to obtain through the use of flattery or guile

v.

wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion(=)

wardrobe

n. : CLOTHESPRESS

larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes

whet

v.

: to sharpen (a knife, for example) ; hone.

warmonger

n. : JINGO

: to make more keen ; stimulate

: one who urges or attempts to stir up war

blunt whet

dove warmonger/jingoist

whet dull

warrant

v.

whiff

n.

: to guarantee to a person good title to and undisturbed

: a slight, gentle gust of air

possession

blast : whiff :: gush : trickle(>)

of (as an estate)

gratuitous warranted/merited
whimsical
wary

adj.

adj.

: resulting from or characterized by whim or caprice

: marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchful

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive

prudence especially in detecting and escaping danger

caprice : whimsical :: discontent : unsatisfied

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mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior

supernatural powers;

whimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration

black witchcraft often with the aid of a devil or familiar

especially :a woman practicing usually

retainer : retinue :: witch : coven

wholesome

adj. /

retinue : attendant :: coven : witch

: promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit

decadence wholesomeness

withdraw

tainted unspoiled/wholesome

: to become socially or emotionally detached

wholesome deleterious

roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw

insalubrious wholesome

press withdrawal

v. /

morbid wholesome
noxious wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

wither

v. /

: to lose vitality, force, or freshness

wick

n.

dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality

burgeon wither

wicked

adj. : EVIL

wither revive

nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality(=)

withhold
willful

adj.

: obstinately and often perversely self-willed

v. /

: to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing

withhold grant

willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning(=)

willful : ; .

wizen

deliberate : .

: to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a result of

intentional : .

aging or of failing vitality

adj.

wizened thriving/blooming
wily

adj. : CRAFTY

: full of wiles

wobble

v. /

: to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or staggering

wince

v. [] : FLINCH

: to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain)

motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side to side

wobble stabilize

wince : pain :: smile : pleasure

wince : pain :: pout : displeasure

woo

wince : pain :: sneer : contempt

: to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with

v. : COURT

adulate : fawn :: woo : adore

windbag

n.

: an exhaustively talkative person

wordsmith

windbag taciturnity

: a person who works with words

n.

raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing

windy

adj. /

windy : concise :: hackneyed : original(#)

worldly

adj. / : MUNDANE

: of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather
winnow

v.

than to religion or spiritual affairs

: to remove (as chaff) by a current of air

worldly singular

winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities

worldly nave/spiritual

winnow : grain :: purify : water

worship
winsome

adj.

n.

: extravagant respect or admiration for or devotion to an object

: generally pleasing and engaging often because of a

of esteem

childlike charm and innocence

worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury

unprepossessing entrancing/winsome
winsome repelling

wrangler

winsome repellent

: a ranch hand who takes care of the saddle horses

n. : COWBOY

lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd

wit

n. / : INGENUITY

: keenness and quickness of perception or discernment

writ

volatile : temper :: ready : wit

: a formal written document;

wit dullard

epistolary form issued under seal in the name of the English

n. /
specifically :a legal instrument in

monarch
witch

n. : SORCERESS

: one that is credited with usually malignant

wry

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: cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous

zealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest(>)

: having a bent or twisted shape or condition

fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent(>)

fluent : glib :: humorous : wry

zealous : enthusiastic :: idolatrous : devoted

{meticulous : finicky} !

torpor zeal

wry even/straight/true/direct/undeviating

zealotry lack of fervor

vapid zealous
zealot indifference

Y
zest

n. : RELISH, GUSTO

: keen enjoyment
yacht

n.

yardstick

vapid zesty

n.

zigzag

n.

: one of a series of short sharp turns, angles, or alterations in a

yaw

v. /

: of a ship :to deviate erratically from a course (as when

struck by a heavy sea);

course
zigzag : turns :: montage : images

especially :to move from side

to side

zone

v.

: to partition (a city, borough, or township) by ordinance into

yawn

v.

sections reserved for different purposes (as residence or

: to open the mouth wide usually as an involuntary

business)

reaction to fatigue or boredom

zoning : lands :: allocation : funds

yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment

yield

v. //

: to surrender or relinquish to the physical control of

another
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield(#)
tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry(#)
evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield(=)
default : pay :: yield : resist(#)
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble
acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical
tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry
meek unyielding
dogged yielded
outmaneuver yield
yoke

v. /

: to join as if by a yoke
sunder combine/yoke/bond
asunder yoke
yokel

n.

: a naive or gullible inhabitant of a rural area or small

town
yokel : sophistication :: coward : courage

zeal

n. : FERVOR

: eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something

devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious(<)
fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift
fervor : zealot :: doubt : skeptic
miser : munificent :: zealot : blas

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#################################
headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame
an action or behavior that is headlong is one that lacks
forethought

solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch

#################################
color : spectrum :: tone : scale
a spectrum is made up of a progressive, graduated

series of colors, as a scale is a progressive, graduated

pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen

politic : offend :: aloof : associate

sequence of tones
melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity
#################################

exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite

discern : acute :: believe : gullible

lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge

advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal

indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper

alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface

apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox

insight : discern :: mettle : endure

parody : style :: mime : gesture

journal : entries :: run : performance

frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober

acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical

law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism

letter : signature :: playbill : cast

frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity

pliable : influence :: censorious : condemn

censorship : communication :: preservative : decay

mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge

circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid

purchase : slippery :: ballast : instability

garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet

stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance

bolster : support :: tackle : hoist

abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh

assert : belabor :: tend : fuss

vagary : predict :: acme : surpass

rider : bill :: endorsement : policy

inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency

quibble : failing :: rift : breach

supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance

remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove

ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive

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ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary

shaft : lode :: well : aquifer

anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole

mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation

encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed

inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual

languid : energy :: desultory : plan

scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore

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