Module A Structural Analysis Suscos 2013 2014 l3 Wa

Conceptual Design of Buildings
(Course unit code 1C2)
Module A
Structural Analysis
J.P. Jaspart (University of Lige)
European Erasmus Mundus Master Course
Sustainable Constructions
under Natural Hazards and Catastrophic Events
520121-1-2011-1-CZ-ERA MUNDUS-EMMC
Module A Structural Analysis
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
In a first order analysis the internal forces (and displacements) are evaluated in
relation to the undeformed structure (clause 5.2.1(1) of EC3-1-1).
This is the method most used in the analysis of current structures. The internal
forces (and displacements) may be obtained using the well-know methods
(force method, displacement method, among others). In general, any commercial
software performs this type of analysis (e.g. OSSA2D).
In the case of 1st order elastic analysis, the deformations (and internal forces) are
proportional to the applied loads, and as a consequence the principle of
superposition of effects can be used to simplify the analysis.
Load
1st order elastic analysis

2nd order elastic analysis
European Erasmus Mundus

Master Course
Undeformed structure
under Natural Hazards
and Catastrophic Events
L3 Structural analysis - First order analysis and second order analysis.
Displacement
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
In a second order analysis the deformation

of the structure (the so-called 2nd order
effects) is considered in the evaluation of

internal forces (and displacements).
P- effects (local effects).
P- effects (global effects).

Structures more sensitive to 2nd order effects are structures with high
compressed members and structures with low stiffness.
This type of analysis is performed through iterative processes, only practicable
by using computer programs. In the case of simple 2D structures (such as 2D
steel frames) there are simplified 2nd order processes.
In accordance with this type of analysis the deformations (and internal forces)
Master Course
are not proportional to the applied loads.
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
Load
1st order elastic analysis

2nd order elastic analysis
1st order plastic analysis
2nd order plastic analysis
(advanced analysis)
Displacement
Need to consider 2a order analysis in steel structures clause 5.2.1 (3)

of EC3-1-1:

Master Course
cr Fcr F Ed 10
(elastic analysis)
cr F cr F Ed 15
(plastic analysis)
FEd: design loading for a given load combination;

Fcr: elastic critical load.
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Consider a structure composed of a series of frames with 10 m spacing. Assume that the
structure is laterally rigid in the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the main frames).
For the given load combination and
3 pre-design solutions, obtain the internal
forces using a computer program,
considering a 1st order elastic analysis
versus a 2nd order elastic analysis.
Typical frame

Master Course
3D View of a module with 2 frames

Plan View of a module with 2 frames

5
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
i) Pre-design solution 1.
Pinned supports
Rigid joints
Beams: Levels 1 and 2 IPE 450
Level 3 IPE 360
Columns: External HEB 220
Internal HEB 260
Material: S 235

Master Course
Frame loading
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
i) Internal forces using a 1st order elastic versus 2nd order elastic analysis
Axial force diagrams (1st order elastic)

Master Course
Axial force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Shear force diagrams (1st order elastic)

Master Course
Shear force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Bending moment diagrams (1st order elastic)

Master Course
Bending moment diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Higher difference in columns 27.7% increasing of the bending moment

Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
ii) Pre-design solution 2.
Column cross sections increased.
Pinned supports
Rigid joints
Level 3 IPE 360
Internal HEB 360
Material: S 235

Master Course
Frame loading
10
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
ii) Internal forces using a 1st order elastic versus 2nd order elastic analysis
Axial force diagrams (1st order elastic)

Master Course
Axial force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

11
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
ii) Internal forces using a 1st order elastic versus 2nd order elastic analysis
Shear force diagrams (1st order elastic)

Master Course
Shear force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

12
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1

Master Course
Higher difference in columns 10.3% increasing of the bending moment

13
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
iii) Pre-design solution 3.
Initial cross sections but introducing
bracing members.
Pinned supports
Beam-column joints pinned
Level 3 IPE 360
Internal HEB 260
Bracing members CHS 60x5
Material: S 235

Master Course
Frame loading
14
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
iii) Internal forces using a 1st order elastic versus 2nd order elastic analysis

Master Course
All differences in the bending moments (and also in other internal forces) can be neglected
15
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples
EXAMPLE 2
Consider the following steel frame with fixed bases, composed by columns HEA 260 and
beams IPE 400 submitted to the shown load combination.
Calculate the internal forces
using a computer program
(OSSA2D), considering:
a) 1st order elastic analysis;
b) 2nd order elastic analysis.
204.0 kN
204.0 kN
33.6 kN/m
18.2 kN
253.5 kN
45.0 kN/m
253.5 kN
5m
14.8 kN
5m
10 m

Master Course
16
Conceptual Design
of Buildings
List of contents
1st order analysis
2nd order analysis
Examples

Master Course
EXAMPLE 2
Bending moment at indicated sections.
6
1
2
3
3
3
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
8
8
1st Order
My (kNm)
11.0
-109.3
-256.4
-86.4
170.0
253.5
-360.9
153.1
-207.8
-174.1
-174.1
219.0
-227.3
227.3
2nd Order
My (kNm)
2.9
-115.1
-244.0
-78.3
165.8
257.2
-363.6
156.4
-207.2
-168.7
-168.7
225.3
-227.9
227.9
8
8
5m
3
5
5
5m
10 m
Note: This values of bending moments were

obtained by a 2nd order elastic analysis
17
This lecture was prepared for the Edition 1 of SUSCOS

(2012/14) by RUI SIMES (UC) and FLOREA DINU (UPT).
Adaptations brought by J.P. Jaspart (Ulg)

for Edition 2 of SUSCOS
The SUSCOS powerpoints are covered by copyright and are for the exclusive
use by the SUSCOS teachers in the framework of this Erasmus Mundus Master.
They may be improved by the various teachers throughout the different editions.
Thank you
for your attention
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos

Module A Structural Analysis Suscos 2013 2014 l3 Wa

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Conceptual Design of Buildings

(Course unit code 1C2)

European Erasmus Mundus Master Course

Module A Structural Analysis

1st order elastic analysis

European Erasmus Mundus

L3 Structural analysis - First order analysis and second order analysis.

Module A Structural Analysis

In a second order analysis the deformation

effects) is considered in the evaluation of

P- effects (global effects).

are not proportional to the applied loads.

L3 Structural analysis - First order analysis and second order analysis.

Module A Structural Analysis

1st order elastic analysis

Need to consider 2a order analysis in steel structures clause 5.2.1 (3)

European Erasmus Mundus

FEd: design loading for a given load combination;

Module A Structural Analysis

European Erasmus Mundus

3D View of a module with 2 frames

Plan View of a module with 2 frames

Module A Structural Analysis

European Erasmus Mundus

Module A Structural Analysis

Axial force diagrams (1st order elastic)

European Erasmus Mundus

Axial force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Module A Structural Analysis

Shear force diagrams (1st order elastic)

European Erasmus Mundus

Shear force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Module A Structural Analysis

Bending moment diagrams (1st order elastic)

European Erasmus Mundus

Bending moment diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Higher difference in columns 27.7% increasing of the bending moment

Module A Structural Analysis

European Erasmus Mundus

Module A Structural Analysis

Axial force diagrams (1st order elastic)

European Erasmus Mundus

Axial force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Module A Structural Analysis

Shear force diagrams (1st order elastic)

European Erasmus Mundus

Shear force diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Module A Structural Analysis

Bending moment diagrams (1st order elastic)

European Erasmus Mundus

Bending moment diagrams (2nd order elastic)

Higher difference in columns 10.3% increasing of the bending moment

Module A Structural Analysis

European Erasmus Mundus

Module A Structural Analysis

Bending moment diagrams (1st order elastic)

Bending moment diagrams (2nd order elastic)

L3 Structural analysis - First order analysis and second order analysis.

Module A Structural Analysis

European Erasmus Mundus

L3 Structural analysis - First order analysis and second order analysis.

Module A Structural Analysis

European Erasmus Mundus