..

GENRE

OF TEXT

1. Bob Salim
2. Rosellina Alpha
3. Stefanus Viktor
4. Wong Anthony

5/XIID
18/XIID
20/XIID
24/XIID

A.

Narrative
1. Narrative is a text to describe how to make or doing something
2. The purpose of narrative is to amuse, entertain and to deal with
actual or various experiences in different way
3. The generic structure of narrative are:
1. Orientation: sets the scene and introduces the participant.
2. Complication: a crisis arises
4. Resolution: the crisis is resolved for better or worse
4. Reorientation: (optional)
4. The lexicogramatical of narrative are:
1. Focus on individualized participant
2. Use of material processes (behavioral and verbal processes)
3. Use temporal conjunction and temporal circumstances
4. use past tense
5. Examples of narrative text:
Cinderella Story
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named
Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two
step sisters. The step mother and sisters were
conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella
very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the
hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the
floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food
for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand,
did not work about the house. Their mother gave
them many handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sister received an invitation
to the ball that the kings son was going to give at the
palace. They were excited about this and spent so
much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At
last, the day of the ball came, and away went the
sisters to it.
Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.
Why are crying, Cinderella? a voice asked. She
looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing
beside her, because I want so much to go to the ball
said Cinderella. Well said the godmother,youve

been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl

that I am going to see that you do go to the ball.
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin
into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two
footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderellas raged
dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball
gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass
slippers. Now, Cinderella, she said; You must leave
before midnight. Then away she drove in her
beautiful coach. Cinderella was having a wonderfully
good time. She danced again and again with the
kings son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve,
she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her
hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.
A few days later, the king son proclaimed that he
would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass
slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was
too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed
their toes into it. In the end, the kings page let
Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot
and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The kings son
was overjoyed to see her again. They were married
and live happily ever after.

B. Descriptive
1. Descriptive is a text which say what a person or a thing is like.
2. The purpose of descriptive to describe a particular place/ thing/
person
3. The generic structure of decriptive are:
1. Identification: identifying the phenomenon to be described.
2. Description: describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities,
or/and characteristics.
4. The lexicogramatical of descriptive are:
a) The use of adjectives and compound adjectives.
e.g. :
- a five hundred seated football stadium.
- a beautiful ancient Roman opera house.
b) The use of Linking Verbs/ relating verbs.
e.g. :
- The temple is so magnificent.
- The temple consists of five terraces.
c) The use of Simple Present Tense
e.g. :
- The museum houses hundreds of Greek Statues.
- The hotel provides 450 rooms and a large swimming pool.
d) The use of degree of comparison
e.g. :
- The weather in Jakarta is hotter than Bandung.
- Bogor has the same weather as Ungaran.
5. The example of descpriptive text:
Borobudur Temple
Borobudur is Hindu - Budhist temple. It was build in the
nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient
Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang,
Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its
construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of
India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and
consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five
terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned
with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are

circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa.

The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the
centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the
summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and
starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the
structure of universe influences temples at Angkor,
Cambodia. Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an
Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for
Indonesian people.

C.
1.

Procedure
Procedure is a text to describe how to make or doing something

2.
3.

4.

5.

The purpose of procedure is to help readers how to do or make

something completely. It can be a set of instructions or directions
The generic structure of procedure are:
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
The lexicogramatical of procedure are:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms
Example of procedure text
How To Make Candle
Making coloured and scented candles is really quick and
simple. What's more, you'll save so much money. If making
candle is easy, why do you ever bought one from a shop?
What you need in making candle are wax, moulds, wick, dye
discs,essential oils, and a double boiler. All these materials are
available from craft shops. Or if you do not want to buy them,
you can improvise with an old saucepan, pyrex jug, or even a
sturdy can, in a pot of water. After providing the materials,
follow thisprocedure or instruction in making candles!
First of all, melt the wax. All wax has a flash point, so to
prevent it bursting into flames, you must melt it in a double
boiler, with water in the bottom pan. Then, prepare the mould
with the wick. Thread the wick through the mould and make
sure that you leave a good few centimetres sticking out of the
hole in the bottom. After that, add the scent. If you want a
scented candle, add a few drops of essential oil to the melted
wax. You can use any essential oil you like, as long as it
doesn't contain water. Next step, pour the wax into the
mould. Try and tip the wax into the mould quickly, all in one
go, to minimise spillage and air bubbles. Then, release the
bubbles and top it up. Releasing the air bubbles will eventually
make the candle sink, so you will need to top it up with more
melted wax. Finally, remove it from the mould. After four or
five hours, the candle can be taken out of its mould. Your
candle is now ready for display. Remember, you must always
leave it for a day before lighting it.

How To Make Meatballs

Material:
1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably beef)
2 eggs
300 grams of tapioca-flour
4-8 cloves of garlic
1 red onion
1 teaspoon of white pepper
2 teaspoons of salt
Steps:
These steps are instruction on how to make meatballs,
just meatball, the soup is madeseparately. First of all,mix
garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.
Second step, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the
tapioca-flour and the minced meat. After that, use your
fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the
mixture feels soft and smooth. Then, boil some water in a
rather large pot, at least about 2 liters. Next step, start rolling
the
mixture
into
small
meatballs.
Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they
float up to the surface the meatball are ready to serve.

D. Recount

1. Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past.

Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There
is no complication among the participants and that differentiates
from narrative
2. The purpose of recount is to retell past events
3. Generic struction of recount:
a. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
b.

Events: Describing series of event that happened in the

past

c.

Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of

the writer to the story

4. The lexicogramatical of recount:

Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
Using simple past tense
5. The example of recount
My Adventure at Leang Cave
On Sunday, my parents, my best fruend Novi,
and I visited a cave at Maros called Leang-leang . It
was my first time to visit the cave, better yet, my
best friend came to visit it with me!
The cave was famous for its primitive cave wall
paintings which were some hand prints and wild
boar paintings. The cave and its surroundings was
turned into a national park, so it was taken care of.
My parents took a rest in a small hut for visitors of
the park, while Novi and I adventured around the
cave with a guide. We had to climb some metal
stairs to get to the cave, because the cave was
embedded into a small mountain. Next stop was a
place where some seashells littered the ground and
some were actually piled into a big mound! The

guide said that these piles of seashells are called

kjokkenmoddinger, or kitchen trash.
The humans who lived here ate the shells and
dumped the left overs in their kitchen. The last
place was a small museum where they have
skeletons of the humans who lived in the caves. The
skeletons along with some roughly made jewelry
and weapons were placed inside glass cases for
display. The walls of the museum were adorned with
photographs taken when they did an excavation
there.
After a quick lunch with Novi and my parents,
we decided it was time to go back home. We really
had the time of our lives!

E. News Item
1. News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day.
The events are considered newsworthy or important
2. The purpose of news item is to inform readers about events of the
day which are considered newsworthy or important
3. Generic Structure of news item are:
1. Main event
2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)
3. Resource of information
4. Lexicogramatical of news item:
1.Focusing on circumstances
2.Using material process
5. The example of news item:
Indonesian Migrant Worker dies in Malaysia

An Indonesian migrant worker Munti Binti Bani

has died on Monday after being hospitalized for several
days due to alleged torture by her employees in
Selangor, Malaysia.
Antara state news agency has reported that
Munti had been treated at Tengku Ampuan Rahimah
hospital since last Tuesday and died on Monday at 10
a.m, local time. Munti was found unconscious with her
hands and feet were tied in a bathroom in Taman
Sentosa housing complex last Tuesday. She was
suffering from major wounds on her body and had
apparently been beaten with iron. Munti's body will be

sent tomorrow to her hometown in Pondok Jeruk Barat

village of Jombang, East Java after undergoing autopsy
at the hospital. We express our deep condolences as
there is yet another worker who was tortured and
passed away at the hospital, Indonesia's Ambassador
for Malaysia, Da'i Bachtiar said in Kuala Lumpur on
Monday.
The
Embassy
will
arrange
for
all
compensation, including insurance, she deserves to
receive, Da'i said. He added that Munti's employees
Vanitha and Murugan had been detained and were
undergoing questioning at the local police office. We
hope the police can uphold justice and punish them
should they be proven to be involved in the case, he
said.
Taken from www.indonesian.com

F.

Analytical Exposition
1. Analytical Exposition is one of argumentative texts which present
some supporting idea on why certain writers opinion is important.
The opinion is formulated in a thesis which needs to prove by
selecting arguments.
2. The purpose of analytical exposition is to reveal the readers that
something is the important case
3. The generic structure of analytical exposition are:
1. Thesis
it is the main topic of discourse in analytical exposition essay.
Commonly the thesis will be placed in the first paragraphs. It also
functionalize of introduction of the text.
2. Arguments
the arguments are the heart of an analytical exposition. The
absence of argument, analytical will just talk nothing since a thesis
must be evaluated, whether it is true or false later, it does not
matter.
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
it is the writers thesis which is re-stated in another word. The
purpose is to strengthen the thesis.
4. The lexicogramatical of analytical exposition are:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective

6. Using technical terms

7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition
5. The Example of Analytical Exposition
Why is It Important to Choose the Accredited School?
Most of teenagers need to go to school and there
are a lot of schools over there. Nowadays, schools grow
to offer plenty of choice; private and state ones.
However it is a hard choice since there are many
factors which need to be considered before making the
selection. Some will be influenced by friends; because
some friend got to certain school than we go to there
too. Some prefer to choose certain school because of
the closer distance. In fact, the primary decisive matter
for selecting school is whether the school has been
accredited or not.
Why is important to choose an accredited school?
Well, accredited schools have an edge over the
unaccredited schools. This label of Accredited School
has an impact in employment opportunities. As result,
if there are two or more students with similar
qualifications, the student who comes from the
accredited school will have an edge over the other
candidate. Student from an accredited school has more
open door than student with an accredited one. Many
students select certain school depending more on short
term factors like friend influence and short distance
from home. It is not bad since commuting actually
needs much cost. Choosing school which is closer to
home will save time, energy and money. However if
that school is not accredited, the time and money spent
along studying seems to be waste in the long term
because it could become a limiting factor in gaining
future opportunities.
Accredited school is not the only factor which will
drive
students
success.
Personality
and
characterization are very important too. However a
student with good personality who comes from an
accredited school is better than the others.

G. Hortatory Explanation
1. Hortatory text is one of text types of argumentative genres
which has function to persuade
readers.
2. Hortatory is influencing and persuading the readers by
presenting the supporting arguments. In many social activities,
hortatory is applied for writing recommended thought, sales
letter, advertising, speech campaign, and news advertorial
3. Generic structure of hortatory explanation:
a.Thesis
b.Arguments
c.Recommendation
4. Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition
a.Focusing on the writer
b.Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
c.Using action verb
d.Using thinking verb
e.Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
f.Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
g.Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy,
etc
h.Using passive voice
i.Using simple present tense
5. example of Hortatory explanation
Crime

Crime is a serious problem in big cities and

it is getting worse every year. This is what police
departments around the country said in their
reports last week. The subways and streets are
more dangerous. You may not even be safe in your
own
houses.
Why is the problem so serious now? This is not an
easy question to answer. There may not be a
single answer. Many problems together seem to
make cities so dangerous from time to time.
One more of the problems is money. To fight
crime a city needs police officers, cars, and guns.
These cost a lot of money. But right now cities do
not have much extra money. So, there are not
enough police officers, cars and guns for the cities.
Another problem is drugs. Crime studies have
shown that many criminals use and sell drugs.
After they start taking drugs, they want to have
more. However, drugs are very expensive. So,
these people have to sell drugs to other people to
make money or they may steal money to get
more drugs.
There is an even more important cause of
crime. Cities have rich and poor neighborhoods. In
the poor neighborhoods, jobs are hard to find.
Many young people dont have much hope for a
better life. They only know one way to make a
better living for themselves, that way is to sell
drugs or steal. So, some of these young people
have become criminals.
It is not going to be easy to change these
crime problems. We must first change many of
laws about drugs. We must change the way cities
spend their money. Until then, the crime problem
will not go away and we will live our lives in fear.

H. Spoof
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time
with unpredictable and funny ending.
The spoof of procedure is to entertain and share the story.
The generic structure of spoof are:
1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist
The lexicogramatical of spoof are:
1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things
2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc
3. Using adverb of time and place
4. Told in chronological order
Example of spoof :
One day, an English teacher was explaining about
colors to his students. After he had finished explaining,
he asked his students Who can make a sentence using
the words green, pink and yellow?

James, the smartest student in the class, quickly

raised his hand and answered, When the yellow
morning sun comes, I see a beautiful girl wearing a pink
blouse walking through the green grass. Excellent!
James, you are a very good student. praised the
teacher.
Me, me, sir Johny, the naughtiest student in the
class said while raising his hand. And then he said, I
heard the telephone ringing greengreen, then I pink up
the receiver and I said, Yellow,whos speaking there?

I.

Report
1. Report is a text which presents information about something, as it
is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis
2. The purpose of report text is to reporting something
3. Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect
of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed
in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in
detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and
usage for materials
4. Language Feature of Report
Introducing group or general aspect
Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
Using simple present tense
5. The example of report:
Mangrove

A mangrove is a tropical marine tree. Mangroves

have special aerial roots and salt-filtering tap roots
which enable them to thrive in brackish water. Brackish
water is salty but not as salty as sea water. Mangrove
trees are commonly planted and found in coastal areas.
Mangroves can serve as walls of protection for natural
disaster in coastal area like tsunami. According to BBC
News, healthy mangrove forests had helped save lives in
the Asia disaster tsunami and people tended to respect
these natural barriers even more, especially after the
tsunami.
There are several species of mangrove tree found
all over the world. Some prefer more salinity, while
others like to be very-close to a large fresh water source
such as river. Some prefer areas that are sheltered from
waves. Some species have their roots covered with sea
water every day during high tide. Other species grow on
dry land but are still part of the ecosystem. The Times of
India reported that rare species of mangrove had been
found and was also known as the looking-glass tree,
probably because the leaves are silver-coated.
Mangroves need to keep their trunk and leave above the
surface of the water. Yet they also need to be firmly
attached to the ground so they are not moved by waves.
Any part of root that appears above the water
flows oxygen to the plant under water surface. as the
soil begin to build up, these roots procedure additional
roots that become embedded in the soil.

J.

Explanation
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

Explanation is a text to describe how to make or doing something

The purpose of explanation is To explain the processes involved in
the formation or working of natural or sociocultural phenomena.
The generic structure of explanation are:
1. A general statement to position the reader
2. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.
The lexicogramatical of explanation are:
1. Focus on generic, non-human Participants
2. Use mainly of Material Processes and Relational Processes
3. Use mainly of Temporal and causal Circumstances and
Conjunctions
Example of explanation text:

Jellyfish Sting Can Cause Death

With more than 10,000 species in the sea,
jellyfish are responsible for the most common human
mortality. More than 100 species are toxic to
humans, and contact with toxic jellyfish causes a
wide range of conditions, from cutaneous rashes,
cardiovascular and respiratory collapse. Jellyfish are
categorized into four classes, they are hydrozoa,
scyphozoa, cubozoa, and anthozoa. Cubozoa usually
called box jellyfish because its form is like a box. Also
called a marine stinger or sea wasp, box jellyfishes
have killed at least 65 people in the past century.
Among all, box jellyfish are the most toxic. Contact
with its tentacles can bring death within four
minutes. Unluckily, it can be as few as two or three
minutes depending on your age and weight. It is so
painful, human victims have been known to go into
shock and drown or die of heart failure before even
reaching shore.A large box jellyfish, has enough
venom to kill 60 adults, and the pain of its sting is
instant and unbearable.
When fully grown, box jellyfish may stretch 15
feet with as many as 60 tentacles from its body.
Jellyfish tentacles have specialized stinger capsules
called nematocysts. To fire its toxic, the nematocysts
must be stimulated chemically. That stimulation
comes from chemicals found on the surface of fish,
shellfish, or human. Specifically, mechanical and
chemical stimulation of the sensory hairs surrounding
the pressurized nematocyte results in a calciummediated bioelectric signal that causes an opening of
its lid, allowing the ejection of the nematocyst into
the prey to express the venom. This process has a
high internal hydrostatic pressure of 150 atm that
causes the ejection to occur within 3 milliseconds.
The toxin causes sodium and calcium ion transport
abnormalities and disrupts cellular membranes. This
toxin acts as a direct toxin on the myocardium,
nervous tissue, hepatic tissue, and kidneys. The toxin
may contain dermatoneurotoxins, cardiotoxins,
neurotoxins, nephrotoxins, myotoxins, and antigenic
proteins. Acute reactions to the venom tend to be
toxic rather than allergic. The more rapidly the

venom gets into the bloodstream, the higher the

venom concentration in blood and the more rapid the
onset of systemic symptoms. Breathing may quickly
become distressed as venom is got into the
circulatory and lymphatic system. In some cases, the
hearts pumping get more slow or stop almost
immediately. It does attack nervous system but it will
also inflame, distrurb sodium and potassium ion
exchange, attack organs and cellular structure.
Based on the fact above, we must be coutious
with jellyfish, althought we have an antivenom now.
Box jellyfishes are very danger to us, because its
venom enters a victim over a large area. We can use
lycra body suits or get vinegar which can neutralize
jellyfish venom to prevent the accident.

K. Discusion
1.

Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This

problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is
commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.

2. The purpose of disscusion is present argument and information from

differing viewpoints
3. Generic Structure of disscusion is:
-Statement of the issue plus a preview of the main
arguments
-Arguments for plus supporting evidence
-Arguments against plus supporting evidence
-Recommendation summary and conclusion
4. Language Feature of Discussion
a. Introducing category or generic participant
b. Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
c. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on
the hand, however, etc
d. Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
e. Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully,
5. The Example of disscusion:
Giving Children Homework; Pro and Con
There are a lot of discussion as to whether
children should be given homework or not. Is it enough
for children having time to study at school or needing
additional time in home for study after school time?
Some people claim that children do enough work
in school already. They also argue that children have
their hobbies which they want to do after school, such
as sport or music. A further point they make is that a
lot of homeworks are pointless and does not help the
children learn at all.
However, there are also strong arguments against
this point of view. Parents and teachers argue that it is
important to find out whether children can work on
their own without the support from the teacher. They
say that the evening is a good time for children to sit
down and think about what they have learned in
school.
Furthermore they claim that the school day is too
short to get anything done. It makes sense to send
home tasks like independent reading or further writing
task which do not need the teacher support.
I think, on balance, that some homework is good idea
but that should only given at the weekend when
children have more time.

L. Review
1. Review is a kind of text as a report or examination of something
such as book, film, etc.
2. The purpose of review is to critique or evaluate an art work or event
for a public audience
3. Generic structure of review are:
1. Orientation
It is the highlight of the general description about what will be
reviewed. It can be product, services which want to be sold, or
just a site which want to be known publicly.
2. Evaluation
the second phase is coming inside into the product in details. It
states the parts, uniqueness, quality of the product which will be
known publicly. However too much detail description will teach
the will-buyer and it does not sound good. Evaluating as far as
necessary for the targeted buyer is more genuine. The term of
evaluation will not be far from simple word of good or bad. In this
phase reviewer will apply much evaluative word, valuable, useful,
worthy, etc.
3. Interpretation
after writing about the objective thing of the product, it is the
time for reviewer to write about what he thinks or impresses on
the product. Of course this phase can be done after getting
enough evaluation on the product. It is personal idea about the
product. Frequently to support and strengthen his idea or
impression, a reviewer describes a comparison to other similar
product. He states in which side the product has additional value
or honestly admitted that the product lacks value in certain side.
4. Evaluation
this phase is recommending conclusion for reader of the product.
After clearly explanation, a reviewer will make a final comment
whether the product is valuable or not for targeted buyer. This
phase is the worth of the review for reader.
5. Evaluative Summation(optional)
4. The lexicogramatycal of review are:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor
5. The example of review

2012 Film Review

2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the
Mayan calendar and other end-of-days prophecies
for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world
coming to an end in 2012.
2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The
movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cusack
drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as
freeways and skyscrapers crumble all around him
from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The
preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling.
The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an
equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire
mission.
Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not
filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In 2012
film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly
what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich'
2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack
supplies his trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy
has perhaps his best role ever as Peet's cocky.
Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the
tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief
scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a
stock role. Platt has fun playing the villain of the
piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the
scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to
warn his listeners about Armageddon.
All in one, 2012's cinematography, production
design and visual effects are awards-worthy. Music
also propels the movie. It presents American Idol
runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing
anthem over the end credits.