1

P E O P L E 'S C O L L EG
E

NANDED

PROJECT REPORT ON

Computer for Business & Competitive Skill

Submitted By

Mr. S A M E E R K H A N

Submitted To

SWAMI RAMANAND TEERTH MARATHWADA

UNIVERSITY, NANDED

As a partial fulfillment of

B.COM 1ST YEAR COURSE

UNDER GUIDANCE OF

MR.Rupesh Dargad

2007-2008
 2

This is to certify that

Mr. /Miss SAMEER KHAN

Studying in B.COM 1st Year .has

perfomed set of Experiment of
the Subject Computer forBusines
&Competitive Skills.

Satisfactory in the year

2007-2008

Date

Head of Dept Lect. Incharge

UNIT I
HISTOY O F COMPUTER

SYSETM
3
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INRODUCTION:

The word computer is derived from the Latin word

Compute which means to calculate, there for computers were
considered as calculating device, performing Arithmetical and
logical operations

Computers were invented because of man’s search

for fast and accurate calculating devices. In fact the original
objective for inventing a computer was to create a fast
calculating machine. However more than 80% of work done by
computers today is non-mathematical or non-numerical
nature. Hence to define a computer merely as a calculating
device is to ignore over 80% of its functions.

People usually consider a computer to be a

calculating device that can perform arithmetic operation at a
high speed. It is also known as data processor because it not
only computes in the usual sense but also performs other
functions with data.

There for computer is a device or equipment. This

can store, retrieve and recall any amount of data at very high
speed. It doesn’t possess its own intelligence.
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D E F I N A T I O N:
The Computer is an electronic device
which has capacity to accept question from users,
process on it and gives a result as an out put.

Technically, a computer is a
programmable machine. This means it can execute a
programmed list of instructions and respond to new
instructions that it is given. Today, however, the
term is most often used to refer to the desktop and
laptop computers that most people use. When
referring to a desktop model, the term "computer"
technically only refers to the computer itself -- not
the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Still, it is
acceptable to refer to everything together as the
computer. If you want to be really technical, the box
that holds the computer is called the "system unit."

There for A computer is

1. A device that computes, especially a

programmable electronic machine that
performs high-speed mathematical or logical
operations or that assembles, stores,
correlates, or otherwise processes information.
2. One who computes.

A COMPUTER:

A device that receives, processes, and

presents information. The two basic types of
computers are analog and digital. Although
generally not regarded as such, the most prevalent
computer is the simple mechanical analog
computer, in which gears, levers, ratchets, and
pawls perform mathematical operations
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The computers of mechanical era suffered from to

series and major draw backs.

1) The enteria of the moving past used in the

components of developing the system limited a
computing speed of this system.
2) The movements of data by mechanical means
were unreliable.

Before 2000 year ago a calculating device

Was invented by Japan named Abacus performed
calculations that is Addition and subscriptions

ABACUS

A same kind of instrument invented by china named

SORABAN, perfoming same functions of Abacus.

After that John Napier introduce a device

using elephant teeth called Napier’s Bone. Than the
Blaise Pascal invented the first mechanical adding
device in 1642. Later in the year 1671, Baron
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz of Germany invented
first multiplication key board machines….
 7

Charles Babbage, a nineteenth century professor at

Cambridge university, is considered the Father of
Modern Digital Computers.

Babbage designed a difference Engine in

the year 1822 that could produce reliable tables. In
1842, Babbage came out with his new idea of
completely automatic Analytical Engine for
performing basic arithmetic functions for any
mathematical problem at an average speed of 60
additions per minute

THE INVENTION’S OF CHARLES

BABBAGE……As fallows

1) The Mark I Computer

2) The Atanasoff-Berry Computer

3) The ENIAC

4) The EDVAC

5) The EDSAC

6) The UNIVAC
THEGENERATIO
N ’S
8

OF C O M P U T E R

SYSTEM
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First generation of computer (1945-1955 )

The computers produced in 1945-1955 is 1st

generation computers.
They were extremely large and had small liability.
They used vacuum tubes in their circuitry board which
are fairly large and generated considerable beat large
for the large number of vacuum tubes.
The first generations computers were much faster
than earlier mechanical or electronically device. The
internal storage capacity was very low or limited in
these computers produced in first generation. Vacuum
tubes technology made possible the advance of
electronic digital computer. These computers were the
fastest calculating of their time. They could perform
computation in mille seconds.
These are bulky in size and unreliable .thousands
of vacuum tubes that were used emitted large amount
of hit so that it requires air-conditioning in large
amount.
The memory of these computers used
electromagnetic relays, and all data and instructions
were fed into the system from punch cards.
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Features of First generation computer:

1) They were the fastest calculating device of their

time

2) They were too bulky in size, requiring large

rooms for installation.

3) They used thousands of vacuum tubes that

emitted large amount of heat and burnt out
frequently hence, the rooms/area in which
these computers were located had to be
properly air conditioned

4) Each vacuum tube consumed about half a watt

power. Since a computer typically used more
than ten thousand vacuum tubes, power
consumption of these computers was very
high.

5) As vacuum tubes used that filaments, they had

a limited life.becouse a computer used
thousand of vacuum tubes these computers
were opr0ne to frequent hardware failure
 11

Second generation of computer (1955-

1964 )

The computers invented in 1955-1964 called

second generation computers. The transistors were
invented in 1947. The transistors were made from
metal material called semi conductors in which
vacuum tubes were replace by transistors called
second generation computers. The use of transistors
reduces the hit generated during the operation.

Second generation computers are featured by

the use of magnetic tapes provides faster inputs of
numbers. These computers are smaller in size than
first generation computers. It reduced
computational time from mini to micro seconds. But
it requires air condition.

The second generations of computers

were manufactured using transistors instead of
vacuum tubes. Due to the properties of transistors
listed above these computers were more powerful,
more reliable, less expensive smaller and cooler to
operate than the first generation computer
 12

Features of second generation computer:

1) they were more rugged and easier to handle than tube

since they were made of germanium semiconductor
material rather than glass

They were highly reliable as compared to tubes since they

had no parts like a filaments that could burn out.

2) they were less expensive to produce

3) they were much smaller than a tube

4) they dissipated much less heat as compared to vacuum

tubes

5) they consumed almost one-tenth the power consumed

by a tubes
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Third generation of computer (1966-1975)

The third generation was from 1966-1975. It

was announced by IBM with its 360 line of
computer which used IC in hardware the third
generation was barred on IC technology and the
computers that were design with the use of
integrated circuits were called mini computers.

These computers are smaller and reliable

Generate less hit. But it also requires air condition

Although transistors were great deal of

improvement over the vacuum tubes, they
generated heat and damaged the sensitive areas of
the computer. The Integrated Circuit(IC) was
invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby. It combined
electronic components onto a small silicon disc,
made from quartz. More advancement made
possible the fittings of even more components on a
small chip or a semi conductor. Also in third
generation computers, the operating systems
allowed the machines to run many different
applications. These applications were monitored
and coordinated by the computer's memory
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Features of Third generation computers:

1) They were more powerful than second –generation

computers. They were capable of performing about 1
million instructions per second

2) They were smaller than second generation computer

requiring smaller space.

3) They were more reliable and less prone to hardware

failures than second-generation computers requiring
lower maintenance.

4) They consumed less power and dissipated less heat

than second generation computers. The rooms/areas in
which third generation computers were located still
required to be properly air conditioned.

5) They had faster and larger primary and secondary

storage as compared to second generation computers
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Fourth generation of computers (1976-1980)

In the fourth generation the computer

technology further minimized through LSI. With
LSI there used micro processor and with these two
micro computers developed.
They have large storage capacities. They are
easily portable. But they are highly sophisticated.

Fourth Generation computers are the

modern day computers. The Size started to go
down with the improvement in the integrated
circuits. Very Large Scale (VLSI) and Ultra Large
scale (ULSI) ensured that millions of components
could be fit into a small chip. It reduced the size and
price of the computers at the same time increasing
power, efficiency and reliability. "The Intel 4004
chip, developed in 1971, took the integrated circuit
one step further by locating all the components of a
computer (central processing unit, memory, and
input and output controls) on a minuscule chip."

Due to the reduction of cost and the availability of

the computers power at a small place allowed
everyday user to benefit. First came the
minicomputers, which offered users different
applications, most famous of these the word
processors and spreadsheets, which could be used
by non-technical users.
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Features of Fourth generation computers:

1) They have faster and larger primary and secondary

storage as compared to fourth generation of computer

1) PC’s were smaller and cheaper than mainframe or mini

computers of third generation
.
2) PC’s of fourth generation made computers affordable
even by individuals for their personal use at home.

3) They consumed less power than third generation

computers.

4) They were more reliable and less prone to hardware

failures than third generation computers requiring
negligible maintenance cost.

5) They had faster and larger primary and secondary

storage as compared to third generation computers.
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Fifth generation of computer (1982 onwards)

Computers produced during 1980s are fifth

generation computers. From 1982 onwards super
computers made. They made with advance
technology. They have very high speed and cost of
these computers also very high, hence these are
used only in a certain complex application.

These are the generations of computers.

And it is very important thing of computers in there
creation.

Fifth generations computers are only in

the minds of advance research scientists and being
tested out in the laboratories. These computers will
be under Artificial Intelligence (AI), They will be
able to take commands in a audio visual way and
carry out instructions. Many of the operations
which

Requires low human intelligence will be performed

by these computers.

Parallel Processing is coming and showing the

possibility that the power of many CPU's can be
used side by side, and computers will be more
powerful than those under central processing.
Advances in Super Conductor technology will
greatly improve the speed of information traffic.
Future looks bright for the computers.
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Features of Fifth generation computers:

1) They have faster and larger primary and secondary

storage as compared to their predecessors.

2) They are general-purpose machine.

3) They consume less power than their predecessors

do.

4) Fifth generation pc’s and workstations are several

times more powerful than pc’s of fourth generation.

5) Although fifth generation mainframes require

proper air conditioning of the rooms/areas in which
they are located
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Due to all these The Today’s Computers has

Following Characteristics:

1) SPEED:

The speed of a computer system is unthinkable. It

Can perform in a Few seconds. Those human
beings can’t do.

2) ACCURACY:

The accuracy of a computer is very high or

unlimited. Mistake can occur in system but they
are mainly due to human beings rather than
technical problems or incorrect data.

3) Power of Remembering:

A computer can store any amount of data due to

his secondary storage devices that is Hard disk.
A computer can recall any amount of data with
high speed.

4) Storage:

The main memory of the computer is finite. It is

built up in megabyte modules. Earlier, a pc used
to have 640 KB, and more powerful PC’s had
4MB, of main memory

5) Diligence:

Unlike a human being a computer is free

from tiredness and lack of concentration
and hence can work hours together with
out creating any errors and without
jumbling. It may be helping office
secretary to tress and important letter .
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Types of computer:

Computer

DIGITAL ANALOG HYBRID

Computer Computer Computer

SIZE WISE PURPOSE WISE

SPECIAL GENERAL
MAIN FRAME PURPOSE PURPOSE
COMPOUTER

MINI COMPUTER

MACRO
COMPUTER

SUPER COMPUTER
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In the general there are three types of computer

1) Digital computer :

2) Analog computer :

3) Hybrid computer :

DIGITAL COMPUTER

A digital computer operates directly on decimal

digits that represent either descript data or symbol
it takes inputs and gives out put in the forms of
numbers, letters and special characters
represented by holes in punch cards magnetic
tapes, printing on the paper and so on .

A digital computer is gernaly used for business and

scientific data processing

The digital computer has a unique ability and that

is storing large quantity of data

In digital computer mathematical expressions are

finally represented by Binary digits that 0 & 1 and
all operation done using these digits at very high
speed rate. The digital computer basically knows
only how to add, multiplication, divisions etc.
Are converted into addition and than calculated,
these computers are used for business or scientific
purpose
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ANALOG COMPUTER

An analog computer in a contrast to a digital

computer measures continuous electrical or
physical magnitude like voltage , pressure , shaft
rotation and water flow etc.

And react in a free define way to changes in a

specified quantities the process and control
devices. An analog computer has the abilty to
accept inputs which vary with time intencity and
directly apply with to them various devices within
the computer which performs the computing
operation.

In short analog is Greek word which means

establishing similar laities between two quantities.

In analog computer similarities are establish in the

form of current or voltage signal analog computer
operate by measuring an electrical signals produce
by analogous to the variable of physical system
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HYBRID COMPUTER

In a certain situation to simulate a guided missile

system or new air craft design

A computer that combines the most desirable

features of both Analog and digital computer I s
employ a computer of this nature
is referred as a hybrid computer

For example in hospital intensive care unit (ICU)

analog devices may measure a patients heart
beats, temperature and other vital sides

Hybrid computers are computers that comprise features of

analog computers and digital computers. The digital
component normally serves as the controller and provides
logical operations, while the analog component normally
serves as a solver of differential equations.
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Types of Digital computer :

The digital computers also divided into

To group that is

1) size wise
2) Purpose wise

Size wise computer also divided as under

 Mainframe
 Mini computer
 Macro computer
 Super computer

Which are described as fallows: -

MAINFARME COMPUTER:

Mainframes are computers used mainly by large organizations for

critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census,
industry and consumer statistics, ERP, and financial transaction
processing.

The term probably originated from the early mainframes, as they

were housed in enormous, room-sized metal boxes or frames. [1]
Later the term was used to distinguish high-end commercial
machines from less powerful units which were often contained in
smaller packages.

Today in practice, the term usually refers to computers compatible

with the IBM System/360 line, first introduced in 1965. (IBM
System z9 is IBM's latest incarnation.) Otherwise, systems with
similar functionality but not based on the IBM System/360 are
referred to as "servers." However, "server" and "mainframe" are
not synonymous
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Minicomputer :

Minicomputer is a largely obsolete term for a class of multi-

user computers that lies in the middle range of the
computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user
systems (mainframe computers) and the smallest single-
user systems (microcomputers or personal computers).

Formerly this class formed a distinct group with its own

hardware and operating systems notably having smaller
address space (notice the cited numbers of bits in a data
word, ranging from 8 to 24 bits commonly around 16-bits).
While the distinction between mainframe computers and
smaller computers remains fairly clear, contemporary
middle-range computers are not well differentiated from
personal computers, being typically just a more powerful
but still compatible version of a personal computer. More
modern terms for minicomputer-type machines include
midrange systems (IBM parlance), workstations (Sun
Microsystems and general UNIX/Linux parlance), and
servers.
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Microcomputer :
A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as
its central processing unit. Another general characteristic of
these computers is that they occupy physically small amounts
of space when compared to mainframe and minicomputers.
Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and
screen for input and output) are also personal computers (in
the generic sense).[3][4]

The term "microcomputer" came into popular use after the

introduction of the minicomputer, although Isaac Asimov
used the term microcomputer in his short story "The Dying
Night" as early as 1956 (published in The Magazine of
Fantasy and Science Fiction in July that year). Most notably,
the microcomputer replaced the many separate components
that made up the minicomputer's CPU with a single
integrated microprocessor chip.

The earliest models often sold as kits to be assembled by the

user, and came with as little as 256 bytes of RAM, and no
input/output devices other than indicator lights and
switches. However, as microprocessors and semiconductor
memory became less expensive from the early-to-mid-1970s
onwards, microcomputers in turn grew faster and cheaper.
This resulted in an explosion in their popularity during the
late 1970s and early 1980s.

The increasing availability and power of desktop computers

for personal use attracted the attention of more software
developers. As time went on and the industry matured, the
market for personal (micro)computers standardized around
IBM PC compatibles running MS-DOS (and later Windows).
 27

SUPER COMPUTER :

A supercomputer is a computer that is considered, or was

considered at the time of its introduction, to be at the
frontline in terms of processing capacity, particularly speed
of calculation. The term "Super Computing" was first used by
New York World newspaper in 1929[1] to refer to large
custom-built tabulators IBM made for Columbia University.

Supercomputers introduced in the 1960s were designed

primarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation
(CDC), and led the market into the 1970s until Cray left to
form his own company, Cray Research. He then took over the
supercomputer market with his new designs, holding the top
spot in supercomputing for five years (1985–1990). Cray,
himself, never used the word "supercomputer", a little-
remembered fact is that he only recognized the word
"computer". In the 1980s a large number of smaller

competitors entered the market, in a parallel to the creation

of the minicomputer market a decade earlier, but many of
these disappeared in the mid-1990s "supercomputer market
crash". Today, supercomputers are typically one-of-a-kind
custom designs produced by "traditional" companies such as
IBM and HP, who had purchased many of the 1980s
companies to gain their experience, although still specializes
in building supercomputer. The term supercomputer itself is
rather fluid, and today's supercomputer tends to become
tomorrow's normal computer. CDC's early machines were
simply very fast scalar processors, some ten times the speed
of the fastest machines offered by other companies. In the
1970s most supercomputers were dedicated to running a
vector processor, and many of the newer players developed
their own such processors at a lower price to enter the
market.
 28

India’s first super computer is PARAM which is developed by

C-DAC, of pune a government organization CRAY-XMP

The super computer makes use of multiple processors, used

in structure engineering, used weather for casting in military,
used in oil companies

Types of purpose wise computer :

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1) Special purpose wise :

2) General purpose wise :

Special purpose wise:

A special purpose wise those computer which are

used for special purpose or job are called Special
purpose Computer

General purpose wise:

The general purpose are the computer which are

design to store different programs and can thus be
used in countless application and those which are
used for general purpose are called General
purpose Computer
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Input and Output

Devices

Input Put Devices:

1. Floppy:

Computer use disks to store information floppy.

Disks are plastic disks made of thin magnetic material that
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can store logic 0 & 1 in the form of magnetic direction. They

have semi random property it is permanently enclosed in
thickness only a few thousands of inches. The disk is rotated
at a constant speed of 360 RPM.
Floppy is a surface device. Surface of the disks is
divided into a no. of concentric tracks; each track is divided
into sectors. There is a large hole known as indexing hole,
disks drive uses this hole as a reference to count the sectors.
The oblong cut out called the head slot is the reading,
recording segment that is only surface that combed in
contact with the disks drive. At edge of the disks near the
head slot, is a notch called the write protect notch. This
notch is provided to protect the information.
Floppies come in the different sizes and varying
storage capacities. Storage capacities of floppies are
measured in kilobytes or megabytes.

2. Hard disk:

A hard disk is similar to floppy disks in which it

information but a hard disks is much larger and much
faster than a floppy disks. Small hard disks might as much
as 25 times larger than a floppy disks capacity of a hard
disks is measured in megabytes they came in
Various size: 40mb, 80mb, 129mb, 200mb and up.
Hard disks are made of aluminium plats and are
encased in a sealed dust proof case. Hard disks are
combination of a metallic disks and drive.
The sealed unit is mostly located I the system box.
Once attached to system unit, the hard disks are not taken
out and are hence also called fixed disks.

Optical disks:

It consists of rotating disks whose surface is coated

with a thin metal or other highly reflective material. A lair
beam is used to record data on the surface of spinning disks.
The laser beam is switched on and off at varying rate and
due to this tiny gets bump into metal coating of the disks
along its tracks.

3. CD-ROM:
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This is secondary device that uses optical techniques to

read/write data. CD-ROM has a reasonable fast access time
and vast storage capacity. A CD-ROM disk is usually 12cm in
diameter.
4. Mouse:

A mouse is hand held pointing device, it is an electro

mechanical device used at a pointer to select items from an
on screen menu. Mouse was originally devised with the idea
of reducing the number of key strokes required for a
particular task. The most conman mouse uses an internal,
magnetically coated bal to detect movement of the mouse
across a flat surface, usually a dark top movement of the
mouse is monitored via an input post and this is translate
into movement an icon. Usually an arrow on the screen,
Mouse is increasingly becoming hi tech.

OUT PUT DEVICES:

1. MONITOR:
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A computer peripheral that provided the uses

with an instant status and update of computer activities.
Monitor use similar, but for many reasons different,
technology to a television on the monitor, the computer
result .The image on the screen of the monitor is made also
called CRT .The typed character or the data keyed on the
keyboard get displayed on the monitor screen. The
information during execution of a program is displayed on
the monitor.

2. PRINTER:

A printer is device that produces that written

images on the paper .After a document been created on a
computer .We can printer can be classified into three
categories.

i. DOT MATRIX PRINTER:

This printer prints character by character. In

this the printer head physically hits the paper through the
ribbon the print head comprises a matrix of tiny needles.
The print quality of a DMP is inferior to that of a
daisywheel printer .But dot matrix printer are generally
faster than letter quality printer in the range of go to 250
character per second . They are also less expensive than a
daisy wheel and hence if the quality of o/p is not an
important factor then the DMP used mostly, there is
additional advantage of DMP over letter quality printer in
the sense that DMP do not have fixed character that a
programme can describe. It supports graphics too.
 34

ii. INK JET PRINTER:

An Ink jet printer system produces character by

spraying small ink droplets onto paper. A high frequency
electrical generator causes a piezoelectric crystal to vibrate
and throw off high frequency electrical generator causes
tiny ink droplets supplied from a reservoir. The droplets in
the precise manner to form the desired character on paper.
Such printers are capable of speed of 40-300 cps.

iii. LASER PRINTER:

Laser printer blends printer printers and office

copier technology. Laser printer writes the desired o/p
image on a copier drum with a light beam that operates
under computer control.
On those part of drum surface exposed to the laser
beam. These laser exposed rays attract a toner that attaches
itself to the laser generated charges on the drum. The toner
is then permanently fused on paper with heat or pressure.
Laser printer are quite and produce high quality o/p Laser
printer are capable of printing about 10-15 pages per
minute.
 35

Unit II

Ms-Word

Introduction:
 36

Msword is a GUI graphical user interface package

which works under window terminology
Ms word not only combines a word processor and
desktop publisher but also a spread sheet
Microsoft Word is an essential tool for the creation
of documents. Its ease of use has made Word one of
the most widely used word processing applications
currently on the market. Therefore, it's important
to become familiar with the various facets of this
software, since it allows for compatibility across
multiple computers as well as collaborative
features. Word is a fairly simple program to use for
completing simple tasks. However, it may be more
difficult to learn how to explore the more advanced
possibilities of Word.

Opening Microsoft Word:

To run Word on your computer: “Start” >>

“Programs” >> “Microsoft Office” >> “Microsoft
Office Word 2003.” If there is an icon of Microsoft
Word available on your desktop (shaped like a
square with a "W" in the middle), you can open up
the program by double-clicking it, as well
 37

Opening screen of ms word :

 38

Tool bars of ms word:

Elements of MS- WORD opening screen are as

follows:
 39

1) TITLE BAR:

It present on' the top of the MS-Word screen. On the left side
it contains MS- Word logo followed by the name of the
document in the window, followed by "Microsoft Word". On
the right side it contains control menu which consist of
Minimize, Maximize/Restore, Close button.

2) Minimize:

It is represented by underscore (_), placed at the right of a

title bar. It minimizes or stores an MS-Word window at the
bottom of the screen.

3) Maximize:

It is represented by a box, placed at the right of a title bar. It

fills the entire screen with MS-Word window.

4) Restore:

It is represented by double box, placed at the right of a title

bar. It restores an MS-Word window into a sizeable
window (user can, change size of window by dragging it).

5) Close:

It is represented by "x", placed at the right of a title bar. It

closes the MS- Word window.

6) MENU BAR:

It provides access to the commands on the menus. Menu

bar consists of menus as follows:
File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Table, Window, Help.
When we click on or select any menu then options in that
menus are present in drop down list.

7)STANDARD TOOLBAR:
 40

It contains buttons that gives quick access for basic file

operations such as : new, open, save, print, print preview,
spelling and grammar, cut, copy, paste, format painter,
undo, redo, insert hyperlink , tables and border, insert table,
columns, document map, zoom.

8) Ruler line:

It controls the margins, paragraph 1indentation and tab

settings for a document. The horizontal ruler is always
displayed at the top of the document window. The vertical
ruler is displayed only in the print layout view.

9) VERTICAL SCROLL BAR:

Using this we move backward and forward in our document.

We can click the up arrow button and down arrow button to
scroll one line at a time. We can click drag the scroll box
(thumb) to move quickly through the document. As we
drag .the scroll box, word displays a screen tip showin3 the
page number.

10) HORIZONTAL SCROLL BAR:

Using this we move from left side to right side or vice versa
in our document. It is useful ill page layout views when the
page we have working on is too wide to fit on the screen. To
move we-can use either scroll button or scroll box.

11) SPLIT BAR:

It splits the word window into two part so that we can see
different parts of document at the same time.

12) STATUS BAR:

It is present at the bottom of the MS- Word window. It

displays information about the active document or the
work we are processing. It displays following information
 41

a) Then number of the page the insertion point is

currently on
b) The number of the section the insertion point is
currently in
c) The current page number and the number of pages in
the whole document
d) The, vertical position of the insertion point from the
top of the page
e) The column number, the number of characters between
the current position of the insertation point and the
left margin.
f) Indicate whether the micro recording is on/off. (Rec)
g) Indicate whether change-tracking is on/off (TRK)
h) Indicate whether the extend selection mode is on/off
(EXT)
i) Indicate whether overtype mode is on/off (OVR)

13) Previous page:

Using this we can move to previous page of the document

14) Next Page:

Using this we can move to next page of the document

15) Select Brose object:

Using this button we can change the behavior of the next

page and previous page button. For example instead of moving to
next page, we can set it to move to next/previous table, endnote,
footnote, section, comment, graphic, heading, find, etc.

An

Assignment on

Ms Word

1) Letter
 42

LETTER
An application for the post of lecturer in people’s
college Nanded.

Angel Villa,
On Ali Road,
 43

Peerburhan Nagar,
Nanded, 431605
Dated 10 Feb 2008,

To
The principle,
Peoples College,
Nanded, 431605,

SUB: - An application for the post of

lecturer in your college.

REF: - Your advertisement in the

times of India dated 8 Feb 2008.

Respected Sir:-

With reference the above maintained

subject. Your advertisement in the times of India for
the post of lecturer. I would like to apply my self. Sir
I have completed B.COM & M.COM from peoples
college under SRTMUN. I request you to consider my
qualification and experience for the post of lecturer
in your esteemed college. I will work best of my
ability.

I submit here under my detailed

biographical particulars for favor of your kind
consideration.

Name : Sameer Khan Shareef Khan

 44

Postal Address : Angel Villa, On Ali Road,

Peerburhan Nagar, Nanded,
431605, Dated 10 Feb 2008

Date of Birth : 25th march 1975

Marital status : unmarried

Qualification :

YEAR EXAM Name of % of Rank

PASSED board / Mark
University
1990 S.S.C LATUR 65% I Division

1992 H.S.C LATUR 70% I Division

1995 B.COM SRTMUN DISTINCTION
1998 M.COM SRTMUN I RANK

Waiting for call to personal interview.

Yours Faithfully.
SD/-
SAMEER KHAN

UNIT III
 45

Ms Excel

MS-EXCEL
 46

Introduction:

What is Excel?

Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program that is used to

store, sort and efficiently crunch numbers. Accountants use
Excel to keep track of transactions for their company.
Students might use Excel to help draw conclusions from the
data they gathered on a science project.

No matter what you are using Excel for it is important that

you have the basic knowledge required to do the everyday
operations you will encounter while using this program.

The Excel Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet originally existed in the physical world as a

piece of paper that you could actually write on. These paper
spreadsheets were used mainly by Accountants to help
organize data in a logical and easy to view manner. However,
the spreadsheets of the Information Age reside on your
computer, though they still have the basic form of the old
spreadsheets.

This lesson will teach you about the different elements that
make up a spreadsheet, including some vocabulary so that
you can understand the following lessons of Tizag's Excel
Tutorial. We have included several diagrams of actual Excel
spreadsheets, which we encourage you to compare to the
Excel program you are running at home or in the office.
 47

Parts of the Spreadsheet

Nearly every part of the spreadsheet has its own term and it
is quite useful to know your spreadsheet vocabulary to make
using Excel that much easier. There are three basic parts of
an Excel Spreadsheet:

1. Column - The vertical segments that you see on the

spreadsheet are called columns.
2. Row - The horizontal segments are referred to as rows.
3. Cell - Each box that is created from a row and column
intersecting is referred to as a cell.

Working with Excel is very easy and fun.

Ms-Excel is used for Mathematical and arithmetic
calculations and operations.
Basically, using Excel we can create a Worksheet,
also known as a Spread sheet.
i. An Excel worksheet allows us to display our
information in a table of rows and columns,
like a conventional financial statement. You
can then manipulate this information in a
variety of charts and graphs
ii. We can represent our data and information in
a wide variety of charts and graphs
iii. We can store our information as records in a
database. We can then perform all database
operations on our data.
As we can say that the Excel is in fact a 3-
in-1 program-Worksheet, Graphics and Database
managing tools, all integrated seamlessly into a
single powerful application. It has a whole
spectrum of powerful utilities like, automatic
recalculation, what-if analysis, pivot tabling
multimedia compatibility, etc.
In Ms-Excel there is a workbook for the
calculations. In one workbook three sheets are
available. Each sheet contains the rows and
columns. The columns headings are labeled
alphabetically starting with A to B, AA to AZ, and
 48

BA to BZ and so on for a total of 256 columns. The

Rows are numbered starting with 1 and ending
with 65,536. The insertion of Row with a Column is
known as the Cell. Each cell has a “cell address”
which is made up of the intersecting column and
row.

Excel Columns

Each vertical segment of the spreadsheet is referred

to as a column. Here is the "A" column.

Excel uses letters to represent columns and

numbers to represent rows. This may be a little
confusing at first, but with practice and a little
effort this will become second nature to you.

Excel Rows

The horizontal segments, those that run left-to-

right, are referred to as rows. Here is row "1".

Once again, Excel uses numbers to label rows.

Excel Cells

Now that you understand columns and rows you

can grasp the labeling system for cells. When a
column and a row intersect they form a cell. The
very first cell, where column A and row 1 intersect
is referred to as A1. It seems that the column label
 49

always comes first and the row second. Try to

remember that!

Here's a picture of Cell A1:

If you are ever having trouble trying to find a cell,

we recommend the following technique (we use cell
G13 as an example):

1. Find the column on the column bar by looking

for the letter of the cell (in this case that would
be G).

2. Find the row on the row bar by looking for the

number of the cell (in this case that would be
13).

3. After you have found both the column and the

row trace an invisible line from each to the cell
where they intersect and click there if you
wish to enter data.

Starting the Excel:

 50

When we start our computer, we will be greeted

with the Windows Desktop. From here, there are many
ways to start the Excel for Windows.

Steps to be followed:

1. Click on the Start Button. Start menu appears

.
2. Position the mouse pointer on programs
option. A program menu appears.

3. Look for the name Microsoft Excel and click on

it
We should see the following opening screen of
Microsoft Excel.

OPENING SCREEN OF MS –EXCEL :

 51

An

Assignment
On

Ms -Excel
 52

SALARY SHEET
Net
Name Basic Da Ta Hra Gross DD Salary
800 160 1280
ALI KHAN 0 2000 1200 0 0 2560 10240
830 166 1328
ANGEL KHAN 0 2075 1245 0 0 2656 10624
1264
SALMAN KHAN 7900 1975 1185 1580 0 2528 10112
900 180 1440 288
PREM KHAN 0 2250 1350 0 0 0 11520
820 164
ANWAR KHAN 0 2050 1230 0 13120 2624 10496
940 188 1504 300
SAMEER KHAN 0 2350 1410 0 0 8 12032
140
IRFAN UDDIN 7000 1750 1050 0 11200 2240 8960
800 160 1280
NITIN PENDHE 0 2000 1200 0 0 2560 10240
1248
ADITI VAIDYA 7800 1950 1170 1560 0 2496 9984
KOMAL 6700 1675 1005 1340 10720 2144 8576
1360
RADHIKA 8500 2125 1275 1700 0 2720 10880
2012. 1207. 1288
SUMIT PATIL 8050 5 5 1610 0 2576 10304
1360
SAJEED KHAN 8500 2125 1275 1700 0 2720 10880
USMAN 840 168 1344 268
CHAUSH 0 2100 1260 0 0 8 10752
860
RISHI LATKAR 0 2150 1290 1720 13760 2752 11008
PRAJACT 1360
DHOBLE 8500 2125 1275 1700 0 2720 10880
140
KULKARNI 7000 1750 1050 0 11200 2240 8960
182
DEEPALI 9100 2275 1365 0 14560 2912 11648
186 1488
SADAF 9300 2325 1395 0 0 2976 11904
 53

B.com Ist Year Imfromaion :

Name’s CLASS Roll No.

ALI KHAN B.COM 1ST Year 100
ANGEL KHAN B.COM 1ST Year 101
SALMAN KHAN B.COM 1ST Year 102
PREM KHAN B.COM 1ST Year 103
ANWAR KHAN B.COM 1ST Year 104
SAMEER KHAN B.COM 1ST Year 105
IRFAN UDDIN B.COM 1ST Year 106
NITIN PENDHE B.COM 1ST Year 107
ADITI VAIDY B.COM 1ST Year 108
KOMAL B.COM 1ST Year 109
RADHIKA B.COM 1ST Year 110
 54

UNIT IV

News & views

 55

Views:

 The Salman khan Deserve the No 1 position in

the whole Bollywood.

 He is the King of Style and Attitude.

 He is alike the sun from which the entire

Bollywood is shining.

 He is taking India to the world.

 He is really humble, helpful and sympathy

nature person.

 He is heart beat of billion people.

 His existence in Bollywood or in the entire

world remains for forever.
 56

UNIT V

CONLUSION
 57

Conclusion:

 While working on this project I have learnt new

software like Ms Word, Ms excel ect.

 I have also learned the actual application of

computer in business field.

 It also made me aware of the computer as an

effective tool to be used in the field of business
and house hold activity.

 While bringing this project I deal with complex

problems of the computer system

 Now I have known the importance of computer

in this modern age.

 Now the world is calling the computerized

world

SameerKhan
58

B.com IST Year