6.

0 RESULTS

1. Table
Load
(N)

Strain reading
1

101

192

-50

-112

63

-5

18

50

109

185

-57

-128

64

29

100

119

175

-67

-148

64

20

44

150

128

165

-76

-167

64

35

60

200

138

156

-85

-185

64

48

74

250

144

149

-92

-200

63

59

85

Table 1: Strain readings and frame deflection for experiment 1

Load

50

-7

-7

-15

11

11

100

18

-17

-17

-35

25

26

150

27

-27

-26

-54

40

42

200

37

-36

-35

-72

53

56

250

43

-43

-42

-87

64

67

(N)

Table 1: True strain readings for experiment 1

2. Graphs
I. Choose a member (except member 6), and on the same axis plot a graph of Recorded Strain
against Load (N) and True Strain against Load (N).
Graph Plotted = In The Graph Paper

II. On another graph, do the same for a different member (non member 6).
Graph Plotted = In The Graph Paper

III. Plot a separate graph of deflection (mm) against Load (N).

Graph Plotted = In The Graph Paper

IV. Comment on your graph

Both criteria for strain and deflection is inversely proportional showed in the graph, for the
strain recorded and the true strain graph is consistence liner but graph for deflection is not liner
graph, it has curve on graph line.

Using the Youngs Modulus relationship, calculate the equivalent member force. complete the
experimental force in Table 3. (ignore member 6 at this stage)
E = /
Where;
E = Youngs Modulus (Nm-2)
= Stress in the member (Nm-2)
= Displayed strain
and = F/A
where, F = Force in member (N)
A = cross section area of the member (m2)
Rod diameter = 6 mm and Esteel = 2.10x105 N/mm2
Use Load 250 N
Member

Experimental force (N)

Theoretical force (N)

255.28

250

-255.28

-250

249.34

-250

-516.49

-500

379.95

354.2

397.75

354.2

Table 3: Measured and Theoretical Force in the Cantilever Truss

7.0 ANALYSIS DATA

7.1 Calculation For Experimental Force (N), Load = 250 N

From the formula: E = /

where;
E = Young Modulus (Nm-2) for steel = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2
= Displayed Strain
=F
A
F=EA
d = 6mm

28.27 mm2

Member 1; F = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2 x (43 x 10-6) x 28.27 mm2

= 255.28 N
Member 2; F = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2 x (-43 x 10-6 ) x 28.27 mm2
= -255.28 N
Member 3; F = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2 x (-42 x 10-6) x 28.27 mm2
= -249.34 N
Member 4; F = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2 x (-87 x 10-6) x 28.27 mm2
= -516.49 N
Member 5; F = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2 x (0 x 10-6) x 28.27 mm2
=0N

Member 7; F = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2 x (64 x 10-6) x 28.27 mm2

= 379.95 N
Member 8; F = 2.10 x 105 N/mm2 x (67 x 10-6) x 28.27 mm2
= 397.76 N

8.0 DISCUSSION

1. Compare the experimental and theoretical result.

From the experimental results, we obtained that member of cantilever 4 has stated as the highest
force which is -516.49N, and after made some theoretical calculations at cantilever no 4 the
value obtained was -500 N which means its not a big different with experimental result. Besides
that, member of cantilever at no 5 no result obtained which are equal to the theoretical result
has no result was made. All members show the internal force equation derived from
experimental results and calculation method of the connection pin.

2. From your result and the theoretical member force, identify which members are in
compression and which members are in tension. Explain your choice.

We found that the cantilever truss member having the compression at members of 2, 3 and 4. We
identified this because sign of the value. All these members have a negative value. While for the
rest members, we found that the cantilever at member of 1, 7 and 8 having a tension. Type of
internal force derived from the experimental results together with the values derived from
calculations using the method of connection. The value of the internal forces that are
compressed as a member no. 2 due to the costs of action are mutually repel members, so
members will be trying to fight out these forces, so there was a compressive force. Tension that
occurs at No.7 example of the burden caused by the attraction of the subject, to fight back, then
the internal forces have to withdraw the action, so there was tension in the member.

3. Observe the reading of member 5. Explain why the readings are almost zero.

From the experimental value and the theoretical results we obtained as a 0 N. By the way, these
both value are almost close to 0, this condition happen because there are no force either internal
or external force actually acted on this member and it pinned on both end, this member cannot
acting on any movement either on X or Y axis.

4. Are the strain gauges are effective transducers for measurement forces in the
framework.

From the Transducers for Measurement forces gauge reading, we can see the value obtained is
consistent with the load acting on the framework, when the load increasing the strain gauge
value also increasing and it can be accepted because it has small value.

5. Does the framework comply with pin joint theory even though the joint are not truly pin
joint?

Yes, because the value obtained from the experiment only has small difference compare to the
theoretical value calculated using Euler formula.

9.0 CONCLUSION
1. Statically determinate frame will be more economic and safety because it will use enough
frame and member, then safety because there is no extra forces that will move the structure to
fall or collapse.
2. Statically determinate structure has low cost compare to indeterminate structure.
3. We can see that there are large difference value between experimental force and theoretical
force. It is mean that, the accuracy of the result is not exact but for the compression and tension
member, we can conclude that the following tension and compression is same only the value of
the force is different.