TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MODELING AND EVALUATION

3.6

CHAPTER THREE

the trip ends in a zone among all the zones. The traffic zones were defined inside and outside
the study area to enable modeling internal trips with both ends inside the study area and
external trips with one or both ends outside the study area. The model used current and
assumed future characteristics of the transportation infrastructure. The model was calibrated
for current data and demand predicted by changing the model inputs that represented the
future. This model is an example of a traditional approach to long-term modeling of transportation demand where the future land use must be known. The Maine study is a good
example of the use of GIS technologies to code data and visualize results.

3.3.2 Sacramento Area Travel Demand Model

The Sacramento area was modeled with econometric equations in the MEPLAN modeling
framework (Johnston et al. 2001). The model includes the interaction between two parallel
markets, the land market and the transportation market, as illustrated in Figure 3.3. In the
land markets, price and cost affect decisions about the location of various activities. In the
transportation markets, the costs of travel affect both mode and route selection. The interaction between the two markets was accomplished by including transportation costs in the
attractiveness of zones for producing activities and including the producing activities in traffic
demand factors. The generated trips were split by mode choice and assigned to routes based
on stochastic user equilibrium with capacity restraint. The quasidynamic modeling was executed in time steps with time lag in the interaction between the two markets. This approach
is an example of an advanced modeling of the two-way impact between land use and transportation where both the land use and the transportation demand are predicted.

LUSA
Input/output
model of
Sacramento

FREDA

TASA

Equilibrium land
market

Interface

Equilibrium transport
market

Activity
location

Spatial
interaction

Transport
demand

Accessiblity

Disutility

SACMET
Four-step
model

lag
Price

lag
Supply of
land and/or
floor space

Land development

LUSB

lag
Supply of
transport

Disaggregate
logit mode
choice model

Incremental transport
market

TASB

FIGURE 3.3 MEPLAN and other components of Sacramento model with interactions (based on Johnston et al. 2001).

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