ADDITIONAL

MATHEMATICS
MODULE 1

FUNCTIONS

CHAPTER 1 : FUNCTIONS
0

Contents
1.1 Concept map

Page
2

1.2 Determine domain , codomain , object,

image and range of relation

1.3 Classifying the types of relations

2.1 Recognize functions as a special relation.

2.2 Expressing functions using function
notation.
2.3 Determine domain , object , image and
range

4-5

3.0 Composite Functions

6 -9

4.0 SPM Questions

9 10

5.0 Assessment test

11 12

6.0 Answers

13 14

CONCEPT MAP
1

FUNCTIONS

Relations

Object
images
.,,

Functions

Function
Notation

Type
of
relation

Composite
Functions

Inverse
Functions

f: x y
Or

One to
one

fg ( x ) = .

Many to
one

..

Object

f(x)=y

1.1 Functions
Express the relation between the following pairs of sets in the form of arrow diagram,
ordered pair and graph.
Arrow diagram
Ordered pair
Graph
a ) Set A =
Kelantan, Perak ,
Selangor
Set B = Shah Alam ,
Kota Bharu ,Ipoh
Relation: City of the
state in Malaysia
b )Set A =
triangle,rectangle,
pentagon
Set B = 3,4,5
Relation : Number of
Sides

1.2 Determine domain , codomain , object, image and range of relation.

2

List down the domain , codomain , objects , images and the range of the following
relation .
9

3
2

-2

-3

Set P

Diagram 1

Set Q

Domain =
Codomain =
Object
=
Image
=
Range
=...
1.3 Classifying the types of relations
State the type of the following relations
x
2

a)

..
x

X2

-3

Type of number

d)

3
2

-2
-3

36

c)

16

xX

b)

Prime

Even

-3

..

2.0 Functions
2.1 Recognize functions as a special relation.
3

2.2 Expressing functions using function notation.

2.3 Determine domain , object , image and range
2.1 Identify each of the following relations is a function or not.
a)

b)

c)
p

2.2 Express each of the following functions using function notation.

a)

b)

Function notation
f : x ..
or f ( x ) =

c)

16

Function notation
g : x ..
or g ( x ) =

Function notation
h : x ..
or h ( x ) =

2.3 a)Find the image for each of the following functions.

(i)f:x

2x + 9

f (5 ) =

( ii ) f : x

5x 3
2

f (-3 ) =

iii) h : x

x
+6
5

find h ( -2 )

b ) Find the object for each of the following functions.

4

..

i )f : x 2x 3 , find the
object when the image is 5.

ii )f : x

2x 8
, find the
3

object when the image is 3.

i )f : x

6
7 , find the
x

object when the image is -5.

c ) Find the value of x for each of the following function.

i)

f ( x ) = 2x + 7
for which f ( x ) = 3

ii )

g(x)=

8
2x 1

for which g (x) = 4

3.0 Composite Functions

5

iii)

h(x) =

x3
2

for which h ( x ) = x

fg
f: a b
g: bc
gf : a c

3.1 ( a ) Find the value for each of the following composite functions
i ) f( x ) = x + 2 and
g ( x) = 5x + 3
find fg ( 2 ) =

ii ) g ( x ) = 2 +5x
find g2(4)

iii) f(x) = 3x+

=

( b ) Find the following composite function.

6

1
and g ( x )
2

1
.Find fg ( 1 )
x 1

( i ) f( x ) = 2x + 3
g( x ) = 1 x
fg ( x ) =

( ii ) f( x ) = 2x + 3
g( x ) = 2 + 5 x2
gf ( x ) =

( iii ) f ( x ) = 1 g(x)=

x
2

4
x

fg ( x ) =

( c) Find the value of x for each of the following composite function.

i) f ( x ) =

3
x

g ( x ) = 2x + 1
fg ( x ) = 5

ii )f( x ) = 2x + 4

iii) f ( x ) = 1 g (x ) =

g ( x ) = x -2

x
,
2

4
x

fg ( x ) = -1

fg ( x ) = 2

( d ) Solve
i )Given the function

ii )Given the function

7

iii)Given the function

f: x 4x + k ,
g : x x 2
fg : x mx + 8

f: x 9 2x ,
g : x ax + b and
fg: x 1 6x

f: x 2x 1 ,
g : x 4x and
gf : x ax + b

Find the value of k and m

Find the value of a and b.

Find the value of a and b

4.0 SPM QUESTIONS

SPM 2004 ( paper 1, question no 1 )
1. Diagram 1 shows the relation between set P and set Q

z
Set P

Set Q
Diagram 1

State
( a ) the range of the relation,
( b ) the type of relation.

[2 marks]

Answer:

SPM 2004 ( paper 1, question no 3)

1. Given the function h ( x ) =

6
,x
x

0 and the composite function hg ( x ) = 3x , find

(a)g(x)
( b ) the value of x when gh ( x ) = 5.

[ 4 marks]

Answer:

SPM 2005 Question

1. In Diagram 1 , the function h maps x to y and the function g maps y to z.
x

8
5
2

Diagram 1

Determine
( a ) gh ( 2 )
Answer:

5.0 Assessment( 30 minutes)

9

1)
P

s
A
Diagram 1

The diagram above shows the relation between set A and set B. State
a) the type of relation
b) the range of relation
Answer:

2) Given that f : x 2x + 7 find the object when image is 3.

Answer:

3) Given that f ( x ) = 10 kx and f ( 2 ) = 4 ( k constant ) . Find the value of k.

Answer:

4) Given that f ( x ) = 4x -1 and g ( x ) = 2x + 3 .

Find
i ) fg ( x )
ii ) fg ( - 2 )
Answer:
5 ) Given the function f : x px + 2 and g : x qx + 3 . If the composite function fg is
such that fg ( x ) = 8x + 8 , find the values of p and q.
Answer:

6.0 ANSWERS
1.1
10

Arrow diagram

Ordered pair
KB

Kel

SA

Sel

Ipoh

Per

Graph

(kel, kb), (Sel,

KB

S.Alam),
( Perak,Ipoh)

SA
Ipoh

Kel

(Tri, 3), (rec,

4), ( Pen,5)

3
3
4

Tri
rec

Per

5
4

Pen

Sel

3
A

Pen

rec

Tri

1.3
2.1
2.2

Domain = -3,-2,1,2,3 , codomain = 1,3,4,5,9 , Object =1,2,3,-2,-3

Image = 1,3,4,5,9 , Range = 1,4,9
( a ) one to one ( b ) One to many( c ) many to one( d ) many to many
( a ) function ( b ) Not function ( c ) function
(a) 2x (b) x2 (c) 2x + 3

2.3

a) ( I ) 19

1.2

(ii) -6 (iii ) 3

b) (i) 2 (ii)

1
2

1
(iii) -3
2

3.1

a) ( i) 15

(ii ) 102

b) (i) 5 2x

(ii) 20x2+60x+47

c) (i) -

1
5

(ii) 1

d) (i) k=16,m=4
4.0 SPM QUESTIONS
SPM 2004( P1,Q1) a)
SPM 2004( P1,Q3)

( iii) 2
(iii) 1-

2
x

(iii) 1
(ii) a=3,b=4

(iii) a=8,b= - 4

range = x,y b )many to one

(a) g(x) =

2
, x 0
3

( b) x = 15

SPM 2005( P1,Q1)

8
5.0 Assessment( 30 minutes)
1)
( a)many to many
( b ) range = p,q,r
2)
-2
3)
k=3
4)
(i) 8x+11
(ii) -5
5)

p=

1
, q = 16
2

11

(iii) 3 c) (i) -2 (ii)