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Basic data
1.1
Slab thickness h:
25 cm
Cover concrete c:
3 cm
1.2
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.
Material
Concrete C30
fck
30 MPa
fyd
435 MPa
1.5
Es
200 GPa
dg
32 mm
Ductility class
1.3
Loads
6.25 kN/m2
2 kN/m2
Live load:
3 kN/m2
Reaction forces
The goal of the preliminary design is to check if the dimensions of the
structure are reasonable with respect to the punching shear strength and if
punching shear reinforcement is needed.
Inner (C5):
Vd 692 kN
Corner (C1, C3): Vd 93 kN
Edge (C2):
Vd 265 kN
The reaction forces in the columns are estimated by using contributive areas.
(C4 and C6 are not governing
Vd 244 kN)
Control perimeter
The effective depth dv is assumed to be 200 mm.
Eccentricity coefficient (ke) are adopted from the commentary of 7.3.5.2
Inner column
(C5)
ke=0.9
Corner Column
(C1, C3)
ke=0.65
Inner:
Corner:
b0 = ke 2 bc + v
4
200
= 0.65 2 260 + 4
= 440 mm
Edge:
b0 = ke 3 bc + v
2
200
= 0.70 3 260 + 2
= 766 mm
Edge Column
(C2, C4, C6)
ke=0.7
Rotations
According to the commentary, the distance to the point where the radial
moment is zero rs can be estimated based on the spans.
x = 1.5
y = 1.5
k dg
32
32
=
=
= 0.67 < 0.75 k dg = 0.75
16 + d g 16 + 32
k =
rs ,x f yd
d Es
rs , y f yd
d Es
= 1.5
1.32 435
= 0.0215 governing
0.200 200000
= 1.5
1.23 435
= 0.0200
0.200 200000
1
1
=
= 0.227 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0215 200 0.75
Corner: VRd ,c = k
Edge:
f ck
V Rd ,c = k
c
f ck
V Rd ,c = k
f ck
b0 d v = 0.227
30
1501 200 10 3 = 249 kN Vd = 692 kN
1.5
b0 d v = 0.227
30
440 200 10 3 = 73 kN Vd = 93 kN
1.5
b0 d v = 0.227
30
766 200 10 3 = 127 kN Vd = 265 kN
1.5
The thickness of the slab has to be increased or the slab has to be shear
reinforced.
Shear reinforcement
To check if shear reinforcement and which system can be used, one can
calculate the minimal needed value of factor ksys.
VRd ,max = ksys k
f ck
Vd
b0 d v Vd ksys
k
f ck
=
b0 d v
Vd
VRd ,c
ksys depends on the performance of the used shear reinforcement system. The
model code proposes a value of ksys = 2.0 for system compliant with model
code detailing rules (7.13.5.3). Higher values (up to ksys = 2.8) can be used if
more restrictive detailing rules are adopted and if the placing of the transverse
reinforcement is checked at the construction site.
Inner:
k sys
Vd
692
=
= 2.78
VRd ,c 249
Corner:
k sys
Vd
93
=
= 1.27
VRd ,c 73
Edge:
k sys
Vd
265
=
= 2.09
VRd ,c 127
Conclusions
Inner column: Shear reinforcement is necessary and sufficient (accounting for
the values of ksys) to ensure punching shear strength
Corner columns: Shear reinforcement might probably not be necessary. This has
to be confirmed by a higher level of approximation.
Edge columns: Shear reinforcement might probably be necessary.
The thickness of the slab is sufficient if shear reinforcement is used.
The moments and the reaction forces have been calculated with a finite
element software. For the analysis, a linear-elastic model has been used.
The moment Md is the vector addition of the moments in x- and y-direction.
Md = M
2
d ,x
+M
2
d ,y
3.4
Rd [kN]
Md,x, [kNm]
Md,y [kNm]
111
266
112
252
664
246
25
42
25
3
8
5
22
0
22
36
1
34
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
The flexural strength can be calculated according to the Model Code. In this
example, however, the flexural strength has been calculated assuming a rigidplastic behavior of concrete and steel:
f yd
mRd = d 2 f yd 1
2 f cd
Md [kNm]
33
42
33
36
8
34
Reinforcement sketch
Flexural strength
10 @200 mm
mRd = 35 kNm/m
d = 210 mm
10 @100 mm
mRd = 69 kNm/m
d = 210 mm
10 @200 mm / 16 @200 mm
d = 204 mm
3.5
Ac = bc2 + 2 bc d v +
dv 2
0.2042
= 0.262 + 2 0.26 0.204 +
= 0.21 m 2
4
4
Control perimeter
In case of inner columns, the centroid of the column corresponds to the
centroid of the control perimeter. Therefore,
eu =
Md
8 106
e =
0 = 12 mm
661 103
Vd
ke =
1
1
=
= 0.98
1 + eu bu 1 + 12 513
e = 0
bu =
Ac =
Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation.
rs ,x = 1.32 m
rs , y = 1.23m
msd ,x =
Vd M d , x Vd ex
661
8
+
=
+
= 85 kNm/m
8
2 bs
8
2 1.91
msd , y =
Vd M d , y Vd ey
661
1
+
=
+
= 83kNm/m
8
2 bs
8
2 1.91
1.5
r f m
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd
d Es mRd , x
1.5
1.32 435 85
= 0.0133 governing
= 1.5
0.204 200000 115
r f m
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd
d Es mRd , y
1.5
1.23 435 83
= 0.0121
= 1.5
0.204 200000 115
k =
1.5
1
1
=
= 0.300 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0133 204 0.75
f ck
V Rd ,c = k
b0 d v = 0.300
30
1642 204 10 3 = 367 kN Vd = 661 kN
1.5
The design shear force Vd is below the maximum punching strength VRd,max.
Therefore, the slab can be reinforced with shear reinforcement complying
with detailing rules defined in subclause 7.13.5.3.
swd =
E s
6
b0 d v = 1223 kN
f
d 200000 0.0133
3 204
1 +
1 + bd =
f ywd w
6
435 8
Vd VRd ,c
(661 367 ) = 690 mm 2
=
k e swd sin 0.98 435 sin (90)
Asw,min =
In this example, the calculating value of the effective depth dv is equal to the
effective depth d minus the concrete cover c on the bottom surface of the
slab: d v ,out = d c = 204 30 = 174 mm
To avoid a failure outside the shear reinforced area, the outer perimeter need
to have a minimal length. The design shear force can be reduced to account
for the loads applied inside the outer perimeter. This effect is neglected as a
safe estimate.
f ck
0.5 Vd
0.5 661
= 779 mm 2 governing
=
k e swd sin 0.98 435 sin (90)
Vd
b0 =
k
f ck
=
d v ,out
661 10 3
30
0.300
174
1.5
rout =
b0
3468
=
= 552 mm
2
2
bout =
b0 3468
=
= 3505 mm
0.99
ke
ke =
= 3468 mm
1
1 + eu 2rout
1
= 0.99
1 + 12 (2 552)
sw = 8@100@100 = 0.50%
2
Asw = w 4 bc d v + d v2 4 bc 0.35d v ( 0.35d v )
2
Asw = 0.005 4 260 204 + 2042 4 260 0.35 204 ( 0.35 204 )
2
2
Asw = 1263mm > 774 mm
3.6
Ac = bc2 + 2 bc
dv dv 2
0.2102
+
= 0.262 + 0.26 0.210 +
= 0.13 m2
2 16
16
Control perimeter
ex = ey =
d
3
bc + v
4
2
3
bc 1
2 = 4 bc + 2 d v
ex = ey =
1
3 1
3
4
2 4
2
e = ex 2 = 144 2 = 203mm
eu =
Md
33 106
e =
203 = 97 mm
Vd
110 103
ke =
1
1
=
= 0.81
1 + eu bu 1 + 97 408
bu =
Ac =
Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I
approximation.
In case of corner columns, the width of the support strip
may be limited by the distance bsr.
rs ,x = 1.32 m
rs , y = 1.23m
msd , y =
r f m
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x
d Es mRd , x
1.5
1.5
1.32 435 55
= 0.0146 governing
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69
r f m
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd , y
d Es mRd , y
k =
1.5
1.5
1.23 435 55
= 0.0136
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69
1
1
=
= 0.280 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0146 210 0.75
f ck
VRd ,c = k
b0 d v = 0.280
30
554 210 10 3 = 119 kN > Vd = 110 kN
1.5
Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided.
As =
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus, the design load can be reduced.
Vd ,acc
(g
Vd ,acc =
(g
+ qd )acc
g d + qd
10.1
Vd =
110 = 71kN
15.6
Vd ,acc
71 103
=
= 442 mm 2
f yd ( f t f y )k sin ult 435 1.08 sin (20)
f ck
bint d res =
30
464 168 = 285 kN
1.5
d res = 2 100 +
168 = 464 mm
3.7
Ac = bc2 + 3 bc
dv dv 2
3
0.212
+
= 0.262 + 0.26 0.21 +
= 0.17 m 2
2
8
2
8
Control perimeter
1
d
d
d
+ d v ) bc + v + 2 bc + v bc + v
2
2
2
2
ex =
( bc + dv ) + 2 bc + dv 2
2
2
1 2b + 6bc d v + 3d v
ex = c
4
3bc + 2d v
(b
b
c
2
ex =
=
= 124 mm
4
3bc + 2d v
4
3 260 + 2 210
ey = 0 mm
e = ex = 124 mm
eu =
Md
42 106
e =
124 = 35 mm
263 103
Vd
ke =
1
1
=
= 0.93
1 + eu bu 1 + 35 461
b0 = ke b1 = ke 3 bc + v
2
bu =
Ac =
Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation.
rs ,x = 1.32 m
rs , y = 1.23m
In case of edge columns, the width of the support strip may be limited by the
distance bsr.
bc bs 0.260 1.91
+ =
+
= 1.09 m governing
2 2
2
2
msd ,x =
Vd M d ,x Vd ex
263 42 263 0.124
+
=
+
= 45 kN
bs
8
8
0.78
msd , y =
Vd M d , y Vd ey
V
263
0
263
+
=
+
= 33kN < d =
= 66 kN
8
2 bs
8
2 1.09
4
4
10
1.5
r f m
x = 1.5 s ,x yd sd ,x
d Es mRd , x
1.5
1.32 435 45
= 0.011
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69
r f m
y = 1.5 s , y yd sd , y
d Es mRd , y
1.5
1.23 435 66
= 0.018 governing
= 1.5
0.21 200000 69
k =
1.5
1
1
=
= 0.247 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.018 210 0.75
VRd ,c = k
f ck
b0 d v = 0.247
30
1031 210 10 3 = 195 kN < Vd = 263 kN
1.5
11
4
The Level III calculations are based on the results of the linear-elastic finite
element analysis.
From the results of the flexural analysis, one
can obtain the distance between the center of
the column and the point, at which the bending
moments are zero.
rs ,x = 0.64 m
rs , y = 1.18 m
my=0
mx=0
rsy=1.18 m
bsr , y =
bc bs 0.26 1.30
+ =
+
= 0.78 m
2 2
2
2
msd , x = 24 kNm/m
rsx=0.64 m
rs ,x = 0.64m >
y
bsr,x
2
-bsr,x
2
-17.3
-31.0
-35.1
-20.7
-11.8
msd,x [kNm/m]
-11.0
-17.4
-29.6
-34.1
-25.7
msd,y [kNm/m]
-56.0-54.7-53.8 -48.9
-42.0
-51.9
-32.9
-36.8
-30.4
0
bs,y
msd ,x = md ,x md , xy
msd , y = md , y md ,xy
2
bsr ,x = 0.52 m
3
r f m
x = 1.2 s ,x yd sd
d Es mRd ,x
y = 1.2
k =
msd , y = 43kNm/m
rs , y f yd msd
d Es mRd , y
rs , y = 1.18 m >
2
bsr , y = 0.52 m
3
1.5
1.5
0.64 435 24
= 0.0016
= 1.2
0.21 200000 69
1.5
1.5
1.18 435 43
= 0.0073 governing
= 1.2
0.21 200000 69
1
1
=
= 0.395 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 d k dg 1.5 + 0.9 0.0073 210 0.75
VRd ,c = k
f ck
b0 d v = 0.395
30
1031 210 10 3 = 312kN > Vd = 263 kN
1.5
Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity
reinforcement needs to be provided to prevent a progressive collapse of the
structure.
As =
Vd ,acc
171 103
=
= 1064 mm 2
f yd ( f t f y )k sin ult 435 1.08 sin (20)
f ck
30
861 166 = 522 kN
1.5
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus the design load can be reduced.
Vd ,accs
(g
Vd ,acc =
(g
+ qd )acc
g d + qd
Vd =
10.1
263 = 171kN
15.6
bint d res =
12
bint = 3 sint +
d res = 3 200 +
166 = 861 mm
13