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RAM Concrete
Shear Wall Design Verification
Example
Overview..................................................................................... 3
Wall Design Forces used by RAM Concrete.............................. 5
Design of Walls for Shear......................................................... 12
Design of Walls for Axial-Flexural Forces............................... 15
Special Boundary Element Extents........................................... 17
Special Boundary Tie Design ................................................... 20
Overview
This document is intended to provide technical verification for the analysis and design results within the
RAM Concrete Shear Wall design module for a sample RAM Structural System model. This example
utilizes RAM Structural System v8i, SELECTseries1, Release 14.00.00.00, which is available for
download on Bentley SELECT.
The scope of this document is limited to providing sufficient technical background so that the user may
reproduce the design results and calculations performed in the design module. This document does not
intend to exhaustively report the design results for the entire model.
Figure 1 RAM Frame 3D view showing wall and floor slab mesh
The term E7 in the controlling load combination 0.9D 1.4E7 represents the load case EQ_IBC06_X_+E_0.3Y_+E_F from the RAM Frame analysis. The applied story forces for this load case are shown in
the RAM Frame Loads and Applied Forces report below.
Figure 5 Orientation of applied loads with respect to mass center for seismic load case E7
The design forces at the Section Cut SC2H:20 can be verified, among other means, by forming a Wall
Group in RAM Frame of the same extents as the Section Cut. The resultant forces at the base of the Wall
Group for each load case or load combination can then be processed.
The forces at the base of RAM Frame Wall Group 2 are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Forces at base of RAM Frame Wall Group 2
Load Condition
Dead
EQ_IBC06_X_-E_+0.3Y_+E_F (E7)
0.9D - 1.4E7
P (kips)
736.80
302.19
240.05
Mxx (k-ft)
145.76
-3,031.10
4,374.72
Myy (k-ft)
845.40
-16,711.29
24,156.67
Note: The RAM Frame Wall Group forces listed above are taken at the wall base, and thus the moments
will be slightly larger in magnitude than the corresponding moments at Section Cut SC2H:20, which is
located 6 in above the base. These forces can be viewed in Figure 3 immediately below the spreadsheet
area.
Figure 7 through Figure 12 show RAM Frame screen shots for Wall Group 2 forces for each load case for
axial loads and moments.
Figure 7 Wall Group axial forces for Dead Load case from RAM Frame
Figure 8 Wall Group major moments for Dead Load case from RAM Frame
Figure 9 Wall Group minor moments for Dead Load case from RAM Frame
Figure 10 Wall Group axial forces for seismic load case from RAM Frame
Figure 11 Wall Group major moments for seismic load case from RAM Frame
Figure 12 Wall Group minor moments for seismic load case from RAM Frame
Design shear forces can be verified in a similar manner. For Section Cut Segment SC2H:20A, the
controlling load combination is 156, 1.2D + 0.5Lp + 1.4E7. For Section Cut Segment SC2H:20B, the
controlling load combination is 303, 0.9D + 1.4E10. The design shear forces are summarized in Table 2.
The term E10 represents the load case EQ_IBC06_0.3X_+E_-Y_+E_F from RAM Frame.
Load Condition
Dead
Live (positive)
EQ_IBC06_-X_+E_0.3Y_+E_F
1.2D + 0.5Lp + 1.4E7
V (kips)
-8.38
-4.72
-516.86
736.02
SC2H:20B
Dead
EQ_IBC06_0.3X_+E_-Y_+E_F
0.9D + 1.4E10
1.08
-309.95
432.12
The shear strength calculation is per ACI 318-08, Sections 11.9.6 (as specified in the design criteria setting)
and 11.9.9. The relevant parameters are summarized in Table 3:
Table 3 Summary of parameters used in shear strength equations
Param
fc
h
Lw
d
Nu
Vu
Mu
Value
8,000 psi
18.0 in
20.0 ft
16.0 ft
1381.79 k
736.02 k
13,938.67 k-ft
Equation (11-27):
Comments
Wall Thickness
Axial force acting on Section Cut SC2H:20 for LC 1.2D + 0.5Lp + 1.4E7
Shear acting Section Cut Segment SC2H:20A for LC 1.2D + 0.5Lp + 1.4E7
Moment acting Section Cut Segment SC2H:20A for LC 1.2D + 0.5Lp + 1.4E7
Vc = 3.3 f c' hd +
Nud
1381.79 16.0
= 3.3 1.0 8,000 18.0"16.0'12 / 1000 +
= 1296.44
4l w
4 20.0
Equation (11-28):
N
l w 1.25 f c' + 0.2 u
lw h
Vc = 0.6 f c' +
hd
M u lw
Vu
2
Vc = 53.67 +
18.0 16.0 12 = 1073.37
227.25 120.0
Vs =
Av f y d
s
Vn = Acv c f c' + t f y
Panel
WP 51
WP 51
WP 51
Reinf Zone
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Bars
(7) #9@6 oc ef
(13) #9@12 oc ef
(8) #9@6 oc ef
Zone Extents
0-0 to 3-0
3-0 to 16-0
16-0 to 20-6
SC2H:20B
WP 54
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
(7) #9@6 oc ef
(3) #9@12 oc ef
(4) #9@6 oc ef
0-0 to 3-0
3-0 to 7-0
7-0 to 8-3
As (in2)
14.0
26.0
16.0
Total
Pn ,max = 0.80 0.65 [0.85 8.0 (5616.0 84.0 ) + 60.0 84.0] = 22,181.95
14.0
6.0
8.0
84.0
kips
The worst case axial-flexural interaction is produced by load combination 336, 0.9D - 1.4E7, which
produces the following design forces on the section:
Pu = 240.05 kips
Globally oriented moments,
MXX = 4,285.01 k-ft MYY = 23,797.47 k-ft
Locally oriented moments,
Mmaj = 23,797.47 k-ft Mmin = -4,285.01 k-ft
Verify Section SC2H:20 under load combination 113, 1.2D + 0.5Lp 1.4E3.
From ACI 318-08, Section 21.9.6.2, compression zones shall be reinforced with special boundary elements
where:
lw
600
hw
RAM Concrete calculates u as the average horizontal displacement at the top of the Wall Design Group
minus the average horizontal displacement at the Section Cut under consideration. The average horizontal
displacement at the top of Wall Design Group 2 can be verified from the RAM Frame nodal displacements
report. Figure 15 shows the node numbers at the top of Wall Design Group 2. Table 5 lists the
displacements at these nodes for load combination 1.2D + 0.5Lp 1.4E3.
Table 5 Nodal deflections from RAM Frame for controlling seismic load combination
Node Number
2
3
5
X (in)
-0.14008
-0.00509
-0.14043
Y (in)
-0.66543
-0.66312
-0.74208
e =
(- 0.09520)2 + (- 0.69021)2
= 0.69674 in
11.93 12
= 34.09 in = 2.840 ft
600 0.007
The required length of the boundary is specified in ACI 318-08, Section 21.9.6.4, and is equal to the lesser
of:
c 0.1lw = 3.27 ft 0.1(11.93 ft) = 2.08 ft
c/2 = 3.27/2 = 1.64 ft
Thus the required boundary length is 2.08 ft, or 2-0.96.
Figure 16 Boundary element evaluation for load combination 1.2D + 0.5Lp - 1.4E3
In this example, boundary regions have been assigned to the Wall Panels using the Assign -> Manual
Reinforcement command. They have been laid out so that the resulting boundary length exceeds the
minimum required length for each load combination as solved for above. In Figure 16, each of the
boundary regions is tied off as shown in the cross section sketch at the bottom. The point of maximum
compression within the Section Cut for the selected load combination is denoted with a black dot. The
required boundary length is then dimensioned from that point as shown in the screen shot. If any
reinforcing zones not designated as boundaries lie within this region, a design failure will be issued on the
Design Warnings tab. In the scenario above, a boundary has been assigned so that the requirement is
fulfilled.
The Tie/Link Design sheet provides the transverse reinforcement calculations for the each of the boundary
zones that intersect the selected Section Cut.
The design of transverse reinforcement in confinement zones is per ACI 318-08, Section 21.6.4.
Equation (21-5),
s=
f yt Ash
0.09bc f
'
c
60.0 0.392
= 2.05 in
0.09 16.00 8.0
The spacing of transverse reinforcing shall also conform to ACI 318-08, Section 21.6.4.3, which states the
spacing of transverse reinforcing shall not exceed the smallest of:
a) of the minimum member dimension = 18.00/4 = 4.5 in
b) 6 x the diameter of the long bar = 6 x 1.128 = 6.77 in
Therefore, the controlling maximum tie spacing for reinforcing zone 1 is 2.05 in.