JIAN LUCIDO!

CHINESE PHILOSOPY
Exam
Ito ang problema ang sasagutan ko sana ay no.1-4 with renz ang alam ko ang
sagot at sure ay ang nukber 16, 24,27,28,29,30 and somehow yung 18 yung iba
yung mga naalala ko and according to my research, yung 25 tinamad ako mag
type eh please understand po
1. According to Fung Yu-Lan, what is the significance of discussing the legendary
history of China is studying Chinese philosophy? Kindly cite the rulers
recognized as models or founders of the different schools: the Confucian, Mohist,
or Taoist in particular.
Confucius in the Ju(Confucian)
Mo ti in the mohist
2.

Give the counterparts of the following Chinese learning to the western fields of
philosophy:
a. Confucius discourse on Human Nature
b. Confucius discourse on the ways of Heaven
c. The Learning of the Principles during the Ching Dynasty
d. The Learning of Truth during the Ming Dynasty
e. The Learning of the Mystery during the Wei & Ching Dynasties

3. What is the primary concern of the Chinese Method of Conducting Study?

And this must not be understood as what concept or mode of thought in the
western point of view?
4. What is the ultimate pursuit of the Chinese? Why the standards and the
recognition of placing them (the Chinese) to the circle of philosophy?
Philosophy would have been the way of life or a revolutionary why did
the legalist even fall to the ground of philosophy if it tackle law. And
therefore not philosophy maybe because it had change the society
somehow
5. Give at least 3 justifications Fung Yu-Lan presented in vindicating Chinese
philosophy as really philosophy.
6. Why did the Chinese fail to produce a formal system of philosophical works?
a. They fail in epistemology because what the knower sees is what he
perceives as true(See Methodology of Chinese philosophy of Northrop).
7. According to Fung Yu-Lan, what must be the important duty of the Historian of
Chinese Philosophy in order to be recognized as philosophy at all?

8. Give the causes for the development of Chinese philosophy according to Fung
Yu-Lan? (Clearly enumerate them all)
First is the Geological background, economic condition, family state,
social condition.
9. When was the first social disorder come to happen in Chinese mythology (kindly
cite the specific event and the characters involved-make it simple and short) and
who was that one instrumental in such disorder.
10. Who was the one instrumental in the restoration of social order and what was the
move or step he performed to make the restoration successful?
11. What are the 2 primary duties of the ruler in order to ensure that his incumbency
will last long? The Chinese social-political philosophy prior to Confucius.
Rectification of the names, and one must do the righteous act
12. Give the philosophical claims recorded in the TSO Chuan which prove the decline
of the belief in the supernatural spirits during the Chun Chiu (Spring & Autumn
Annual period).
a. The philosophical claim in the year 509 BC
Duke Ding of Lu - Confucius' talents were recognized and he was appointed
Minister of Public Works and then Minister of Crime. But Confucius
apparently offended members of the Lu nobility who were vying with
Duke Ding for power (or was it the duke himself that Confucius had
rubbed the wrong way?) and he was subsequently forced to leave office
and go into exile. As in other ancient cultures, exile and suffering are
common themes in the lives of the heroes of the early Chinese tradition. In
the company of his disciples, Confucius left Lu and traveled in the states
of Wei, Song, Chen, Cai, and Chu, purportedly looking for a ruler who
might employ him but meeting instead with indifference and, occasionally,
severe hardship and danger. Several of these episodes, as preserved in
the Records of the Grand Historian, appear to be little more than prose
retellings of songs found in the ancient Chinese Book of Songs, Confucius'
life is thus rendered a re-enactment of the suffering and alienation of the
personas of the poems.
b. The philosophical claim in the year 524 BC
c. The philosophical claim in the year 662 BC
d. The philosophical claim in the year 644 BC
13. Give the philosophical claim of Confucius which really imply the decline of his
belief in the supernatural spirits. (Cite the book, chapter, and vase in the Analects)
Respect the spirits but keep distant with them, because on having
problems, the kings Ask help from the spirits.
I dont have a book but thats what I remembered.

14. Prior to Confucius, in what way did the early kings promote harmony in the
society (what specific way of life)?
15. Prior to Confucius, what action of the ministers proclaims revolutionary ideas?
(p.42)
16. What is Confucius place in Chinese history?
He simply is the first teacher
17. Give only one text in the Analects proves that the 6 disciplines could not have
been originated by Confucius himself. (Kindly cite the book, chapter, and verse
directly quoting the sayings).
The Analects of Confucius, Lun Yu, or simply, The Analects, were
written about 500 BC and are traditionally attributed to Confucius.
However, much of the actual text was written by his students over a
time period spanning the thirty to fifty years following his death. The
exact publication date of the work is not known. The version that is
most well-known today is a combination of the Lu and Qi versions of
the work. These were compiled by Zhang Yu, a teacher of Emperor
Cheng, towards the end of the Western Han Dynasty. This version
came to be known as the Marquis Zhang Analects.

http://www.gradesaver.com/the-analects-of-confucius/study-guide/about/
The problem is that, I cant have the book of analects But Confucius is
cited in the book as the master
18. How did Fung Yu-Lan come to say that Confucius must be the point of departure
in the list of philosophers to be discussed in Chinese philosophy?
The first philosophical work that is documented on the Chinas soil is the
book of changes and only royalty can read or be educated with this
with Confucius he teaches the 6 books with the changes, he became the
transmitter of it, and a originator because of his own words or
interpretation of the book he teaches new aspects and maybe originated
some new terms, as a first teacher which is publicly documented he
became popular with his teaching and the most profound human on his
time and place(china). Confucius is the first profound teacher of the 6
classics ever documented.
19. What new significance that Confucius gave in teaching the 6 disciplines which
marks that there was a difference between the old and the new text school of
Confucianism? (p. 63)
The Old school simply disregard the Taoist Idea, that marks the old school
of Confucian, the new school of Confucian or the neo-confucian tried to
synthesize the taoism and Confucian together
20. What hermeneutical paradigm that the Confucians used in reading and
understanding the 6 disciplines?

21. According to Chuang Tzu, what difference Confucius has in comparison with the
other schools (like the monist, Taoist, legalist, and so on). In other words, what
was Confucius aim in educating the people (p. 47).
According to Chuang Tzu, Confucius teaching is confined by humanheartedness & righteousness
22. What descriptions that Chuang Tzu gave in distinguishing the 6 disciplines as he
referred to the Confucian way of describing them?
a. Shih / Poetry
b. Shu / History
c. Li / Rites
d. Yueh / Music
e. I / Changes
f. Chun Chiu / Spring and Autumn Annals
23. Differentiate the Concept of Righteousness / Yi
a. Confucius - One who is acting for profit is no longer the righteous action.
b. Mencius the feeling of dislike and shame is the beginning of righteoness

24. Give the similarity and difference of Confucius and Mo Tzu

.
Confucius felt a symphathetic understanding for the traditional institutions,
,music and literature of the early Chou dynasty, and tried to rationalize and
justify them in ethical; terms Mo Tzu, on the contrary, questiones their
validity and usefulness, and tried to replace them with something that was
simper but in his view, more useful. In short, Confucius was the rationalizer,
and justifier of the ancient civilization, while Mo Tzu was a militant preacher.
A major aim in his preaching was to oppose both the traditional institutions
and practices, and the theories of Confucius and the confucianist
They both agree on Jen(human-heartedness and yi(righteousness)
25. Similarity of Mo and Lao against Confucius

-Mohist critism
26. Similarity of Confucius and Confucius against Lao.
27. What were the 2 opposite effects of Confucius offering education to all? In other
words, what did he not expect in the treatment to education as the right and not a
privilege?
The two opposite effects of educating simple citizen with the 6 books
The positive effect of it is that first, they are educated, and they will follow
their names or simply do their jobs what they are assigned to
do(Rectification of Names) and so the state is organized and systematic
And of course that is His(Confucius) intention of teaching the Citizens
with the 6 books
The negative effect of this The education status of the King and the
Citizen are equal and so, the Citizens might realize that Why, am I doing
all this Labor? The king and I, Have the same Education. The king and
the citizens are the same, as far as the education is concerned
In Educating everyone with the royal education, everyone might think
they are qualified to be a King or even be at the top of the hierarchy A
farmer with the education is qualified to be a king. And so everyone think
they are qualified of being a king.
28. Did Confucius intend to found a denominational school or sect? Yes or No, and
why?

No. Because his intention is to teach the 6 classics not to make a

Confucian or credit himself with this teaching He simply transmit this
teaching of the royalty.
29. What is / are the reason/s behind the birth of different schools and sects?
According to Liu Hsin(second historian after Ssuma tam) theory
In the Chou dynasty(1122-255bc) there is No separation of officer &
teacher and so there is only Official or royal teaching and no private
teaching and officer only learn and teach a certain subject in which where
his department is in charge or practice and when the Chou dynasty lost its
power the officers of different government departments scattered
throughout the country and In which they teach only what theyve known
as a former official, and so they became private teachers teaching their
knowledge of a certain branch, according to Liu Hsin.
The Ju(Confucius) came from the Ministry of Education
Taoist came from the department of Historian
Yin- Yan came from the department of Astronomers
Legalist came from the Ministry of Justice
School of names from the ministry of ceremonies
Mohist came from the Guardian of temple

30. Distinguish:
a. Mos righteous action the principle is all embracing love

b. Confucius righteous action One who is acting for profit is no longer the
righteous action.
they can be distinguished according to their purpose, in the
Confucius type of view if there is another Purpose and that is the
profit therefore its wrong while the mohist
31. Distinguish the cause or causes of Social disorder

a. Mo- Start from we should say that calamities have risen out of hate of
others and injuring others. If we classify those in the world who hate
others and injure others, shall we call them discriminating or allembracing, we must say that they are discriminating so then is not mutual
discrimination the cause of the major calamities of the world? Therefore
the cause of calamities are the discrimination, therefore discrimination is
Wrong
b. Lao
c. Kung(Confucius) Not doing their social responsibilities or names
d. Shun
32. What were their responses in the call of social order?
a. Kung Rectification of Names
b. Mo practicing all- embracing love is the only way to benefit the world
and that every human-hearted man is one who practices all-embracing
love
c. Lao
d. Legalist Way of Government

33. Distinguish the emphasis of the 4 Legalists:

a. Shen Tao
b. Pu Hai
c. Shang Yang
d. Han Fei
34. The three reasons why Lao opposed Knowledge:
35. Laos attitude to DESIRE: None, Excess, or Moderate?
36. What is Laos Reversal Movement of the Tao?
37. What are the 3 criteria of Truth according to Mo?
38. How did Hui Shi justify that the White Horse is not a Horse?
By little similarity difference its taking individualty as
individuality There is a similarity that its a horse but by its white, and
the trait of it completely different from the other horse therefore its a
white horse not a horse. The white horse as a new species of some
sort..
39. What is the basis of the formulation of their doctrines?
a. Legalists Codified Law
b. Confucian Rectification of Names; Brotherly love
c. Mohist all embracing love
d. Dialecticians - Rhetorical
e. Yin Yang Astronomy, sun, moon and the four season, inpired by the
farmers
f. Taoist Loving Nature

40. Explain the Yin Yang History of Philosophy. What makes History cyclical?
Enumerate the 5 periods they cited from Chinese history including the dominant
color and element to every period.
41. Explain also the Taoist History of Philosophy. What makes it cyclical and what is
its difference with the Yin Yang?

42. Give the disputes as regards the attribution of the writings of the I Ching
a. Trigram
b. Hexagram
43. The dispute as regards the attribution of the Commentary of the Ching
.
44. What material thing best resembles the art of war according to Sun Tzu?
45. How did the legalists justify their claim saying that all other schools carry their
imprint or no school escapes their spirit?

34.
The
three
reasons
why
Lao
opposed
Knowledge:
Answer : , Lao tzu opposes the use of knowledge : 1. For knowledge
itself is one of the subjects of desire, 2. Knowledge enables us to know
more about the objects of desire, and so causes us no longer to know
contentment , 3. knowledge can help us in our efforts to gain the

object of desire and hence can have such an effect upon us that we no
longer know where to stop, with the result that because of the study,
we daily increase our desire. In such case, Lao tzu did not encouraged
people to use reason for as we seek for such enlightenment we tend to
condemned ourself, in the sense that we let our desire engross or to
dominate on us. It was written in the Tao Te Ching that:
He who is attached to the thing will suffer much,He who saves will
suffer heavy loss. A contented man is never disappointed, He who
knows when to stop does not find himself in trouble, he will stay
forever
safe.
35. Laos attitude to DESIRE: None, Excess, or Moderate?
Answer : These are the passages that will indicate Lao Tzus attitude
toward desire is moderate (1) He who is contented suffers no
humiliation, he who knows where to stop cannot be harmed. He is
forever safe and secure (Tao Te ching Ch. 44), (2) There is no disaster
greater than not knowing contentment with what one has, no greater
sin than having desire for acquisition.(3) the fewer they are, more
easily will they be satisfied, and the more benefits will man derive
from.
36.
What
is
Laos
Reversal
Movement
of
the
Tao?
Answer : What is up is brought down, and what is low is raised up.
The above mention is called reversion, according to Lao Tzu the
movement of Tao follows this way : returning is the motion of Tao.
Yielding
is
the
way
of
the
Tao.
37. What are the 3 criteria of Truth according to Mo?
Answer
:
As far as I comprehend the ideas of Mo Tzu, I will argue that his criteria
of truths are (1) basis; it should be base on an ancient Sage-kings (2)
verifiability; it is verified by the sight and hearing of the common
people (3) applicability; it is to applied by adopting it in the
government and observing the benefit to the country and the people. It
is actually intertwine in his doctrine of Universal love.
38. How did Kung-Sun Lungs justify that the White Horse is not a
Horse?
Answer
:
A horse is not a horse the word horse denotes a shape, white
denotes a color. What denotes a color does not denote a shape.
Therefore I say that a white horse is not a horse when a horse is
required, yellow and black ones may be all brought forward, but when
one requires a white horse, a yellow and black horses are each
separate kinds, and cannot be brought forward therefore yellow and
black horses are each separate kinds and can respond to the call for
horse, but not to the call of white horse. Hence, it results that white
horse is not a horse.(see pp 204-205 Fung Yu Lan) In this passage we
can conclude that Kung Su Lungs arguments about white horse is not
a horse is deceitful in the sense that he tries to play the concept of
universal and particular.
24. Give the similarity and difference of Confucius and Mo Tzu.
Answers :
Similarity difference
Advocate of Universal Love
Mo Tzu is against to the aristocracy while Confucius is a lover of antiquity.
(aristocracy)

Mo Tzu is against prolong mourning while Confucius is advocate to prolong mourning

(3years of mourning should be done)
Mo Tzu is against music, for him it is unprofitable while Confucius are inclined in
music.
25. Similarity of Mo and Lao against Confucius
Similarity of Mo and Lao
Similarity of Mo Tzu and Lao Tzu
Confucius
Frugality:
The fewer they (desires) are, the more easily will they be satisfied, and more benefit
will man derived.- Lao Tzu
In his (Mo Tzu) asceticism he lived a life similar to that of common laborer. (fung yu
lan ch.79)
Men who refrain from ambition, boasting, resentment and there ascetism whom
Confucius did not like. (ch.70) fung yu lan
Condemned war
Seeking to protect the state suffering from aggression
To live in accordance of Tao

How did the dialecticians justify their claim saying that all other schools carry their imprint or no
school escapes their spirit?
The dialecticians, obviously were generally known through dialectics; in which a person or school of
thought engages into discourse, and somehow into persuasive arguments for the justification of a
certain idea. In this case, we could say that this is the spirit of the dialecticians, which would be
found in every school in Chinese philosophy. This is why they have justified that every school carries
their spirit.
45. How did the dialecticians justify their claim saying that all other schools carry their imprint or no
school escapes their spirit?
The dialecticians, obviously were generally known through dialectics; in which a person or school of
thought engages into discourse, and somehow into persuasive arguments for the justification of a
certain idea. In this case, we could say that this is the spirit of the dialecticians, which would be
found in every school in Chinese philosophy. This is why they have justified that every school carries
their spirit.

9. When was the first social disorder come to happen in Chinese mythology (kindly
cite the specific event and the characters involved-make it simple and short) and who
was that one instrumental in such disorder.
3rd millennium BCE, during the reign of the Emperor Yao. The Great Flood plays a
dramatic role in Chinese mythology,
and it its various versions represent one of a number of examples of a motif of flood
myths from around the world. There are a number of flood narratives in Chinese
mythology, which while somewhat lacking in internal consistency as well as
incorporating various magical transformations and including the interventions of
various divine or semi-divine beings, nevertheless share certain common features.
Great Flood share certain similar outlooks, such as a certain emphasis on the flood
being from natural causes, rather than the result of "universal punishment for human
sin".
The people are: Gun which is appointed by Emperor Yao. Gun's plan of flood control
was through the use of a miraculously continuously self- expanding soil, Xirang . So,
Gun choose to obtain the Xirang by stealing it from the Supreme Divinity , which he
did.
The one who did it was the Deity. And the one who stopped, is the Great Yu. Son of

Gun.
10. Who was the one instrumental in the restoration of social order and what was the
move or step he performed to make the restoration successful?
Confucius is the one. He used his way of teaching. Telling other people that they need
to get back to their original social status after this great social disorder that
happened. Through also on his Confucianism, one should help each other, one should
be a good leader and also a follower. Confucius don't want to have a social
inequalities that's why he want to restore the social status of China.
11. What are the 2 primary duties of the ruler in order to ensure that his incumbency
will last long? The Chinese social-political philosophy prior to Confucius.
Rulers should devoted to their people, striving for personal and social perfection, and
such a ruler would spread his own virtues to the people instead of imposing proper
behavior with laws and rules.
5. (a) During the Wei and Chin dynasties, China examined a problem called ' learning
of the mystery' (husan hsue) and was called 'learning of the truth' (tao hsueh) during
the Sung dynasty, and then 'learning of the principles' (i li chih hsueh) during Ch'ing.
These problems resemble to a considerable degree to Western philosophy.
(b)During the 5th century in China, they find reference being made to the discourse
of Confucius 'on human nature' which corresponds thoroughly to ethics and 'ways of
heaven' to metaphysics.
(c) Late philosophy was said to have developed a methodology called the 'method of
conducting study.' THis method was not primarily for the seeking of knowledge, but
rather for self-cultivation, was not for the search of truth, but for the s
earch for good.
6. Chinese philosophers have not regarded knowledge as something valuable in
itself, they preferred to apply their knowledge to actual conduct that would lead
directly to happiness, rather than to hold what they considered to be empty
discussions about it. Because of this, they not regarded the writing of books purely to
establish doctrines, as in itself, a goal of highest importance.
7. The important duty of the historian of philosophy is to find within a philosophy that
lacks formal system, its underlying real system.
8. *When we study history, we see that social organization tends to move from the
less complex to more complex. and knowledge from the less distinct to more distinct.
* The problems and scope of Chinese philosophy from the Han dynasty onward are
not so numerous and comprehensive as those of the philosophy that preceded it, and
yet the later philosophy is certainly more clearly expounded than the earlier one.
*The Chinese relegate the material of each period to that period, and the doctrines of
each man to that man to see the progressive growth of Chinese philosophy.
*Forgeries are kept to distinguish the thoughts of each period to that period.
39. What

is the basis of the formulation

of their doctrines?

a. Legalist- Doctrines of the legalist were direct response to the

political and other tendencies of their age. Modified Law (fa) and
methods (Shu) are their fundamental principle and basis on their
doctrines.
b. Confucian As what we all know that Confucius is a skeptical
philosopher; he formulated his doctrines for the Chou institutions. The
basis
of
the
formulation
was
the
six
disciplines:
1.
Shih
(book
of
odes)
describes
aims
2.
Shu
(book
of
history)
describes
events
3.
Li
(Rites)
describes
conduct

4.
Yueh
(music)
describes
harmony
5. I (book changes) shows the principle of the yin yang
6. Chun Chiu (Spring and Autumn Annals) shows the destinations and
duties
- These Six disciplines were not created nor formulated by the
Confucians but these were used to formulate a Confucian doctrine.
c. Mohist- The formulation of Mohist doctrine was created by Mo Tzu as
he combined the Principles of the state of Lu- where Confucius came,
and the state of Sung. The mohist doctrine is a utilitarian in a sense
that their principles are the PROFITABLENESS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS.
d. Dialecticians The dialecticians were logicians on the time of the
ancient china, The basis of their Doctrines were the Names (Chia) and
Forms (Hsing), And hence, by their doctrine, they are called the school
of
Names
and
forms.
e. Yin Yang Yin-yang is a unified system of cosmology, together with
the five elements namely Earth, wood or grass, metal, fire, and water.
Doctrine is based on the interactions of the opposites, or the
interaction of all things in nature, or so called duality or mutuality. For
instance:
f. Taoist The Taoist doctrine was the combinations of other views of
schools in ancient china. Taoist also adopts the principle of opposites
which is also the doctrine of the yin yang school. But the fundamental
basis of Taoist doctrine was the Tao Te Ching that was created by Lao
Tzu. Tao means The Power, Te means strength or virtue and Ching
means
scripture.
40. . Explain the Yin Yang History of Philosophy. What makes History
cyclical? Enumerate the 5 periods they cited from Chinese history
including the dominant color and element to every period.
Yin Yang was said to be the interactions of all things in nature. The
beliefs in yin-yang was seen on the ancient time of china- before the
rise of the institutions and schools such Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism
and etc., wherein they believe that when the Yin and the Yang lost its
designated place, there is something to be happen because these two
opposite forces is not constituting harmony and balance. Yin-Yang
became a school, also known as the School of Naturalist through the
efforts
of
Tsou
Yen.
For Fung Yu Lan, Five elements together with yin and Yang have
something to do with the History, were every Sages has its own
institution
color
that
represents
their
element.
Concerning in the permutations of five elements Water, Fire, Earth,
Metal and Wood; and cycle of the sages, every Dynasty and Emperor
has its own element that defines their institution colour. For instance,
for the legendary yellow emperor, huang-ti (is earth as ascendancy
therefore, yellow is its color; for emperor Yu of Hsia dynasty is wood as
ascendancy therefore, green is its color; For Tang (founder of shang) is
metal as ascendancy therefore, white is its color; For King Wen of
Chou dynasty is Fire therefore, Red is its Color. But one element is
missing, it is said to be that the Chiin Dynasty is the ascendance of
water and black is its color. (Page 162, A history of Chinese Philosophy
by
Fung
Yu
Lan,)
41. Explain also the Taoist History of Philosophy. What makes it cyclical
and
what
is
its
difference
with
the
Yin
Yang?

Taoism is a philosophical and religious school in ancient china wherein

they believed in the principle of Tao (the way). Taoism is also a
complete science since it is based upon a detailed understanding of
underlying principles such as physical, chemical, biological,
mathematical, psychological and political theories and laws. It was Lao
Tzu, who was said to be the founder of the School of Taoism and wrote
the Tao Te Ching, a canon for Taoist which provides the basis for the
philosophical school of Taoism, and an important pillar of Chinese
thought. Taoism teaches that there is one undivided truth at the root of
all things, the idea of opposites and changes are necessary.
The concepts of the Taoist school are the combination and the
development of several concepts or ideas. Some concepts of the Taoist
school are the same as Yin Yang for they promoted idea of living in
harmony with natural laws and they interpreted natural phenomena.
Therefore, Taoism is profoundly connected with the Yin-Yang for they
adopts the principle of opposites but Taoism is different to Yin-Yang for
they have the principle of Tao which is the way, Te which is the Virtue
while Yin Yang only tries to interpret the cosmological events and
various events that happens through the principle of opposites,
harmony
and
balance.
The Taoist school urged men to unity of spirit teaching that all
activities should be in harmony with the unseen, with abundant
liberality toward all things in nature. As to practice, they accepted the
orderly sequence of nature from the Yin Yang school, gather the good
points of Confucianism and mohism, and combine with these the
important points of (the school) names and law. In accordance with the
changes of the season, they respond to the development of natural
objects - stated in A History of Chinese Philosophy by Fung Yu Lan
page. 170
3.
Distinguish
the
emphasis
of
the
4
Legalists:
a. Shen Tao- emphasizes about the rulers power or authority (shih). He agrees with
the idea which ruler must possess authority in order to govern people, so no one
will dare to deceive his command because of his supremacy to them.
b. Pu Hai- stress on the rulers ability of state craftsmanship or have methods of
government (shu) which can be useful to handle the government and people.
c. Shang Yang on the other hand emphasized the concept of law (fa). This consist
penalties to those who will violate and give rewards to the observant of law. It will
serve
as
the
representative
standards
for
all
affairs.
d. Han Fei who was a prince of Han, practices together these three; authority,
methods of government and law. He believes that these are essential to each other
and to the state for a good governance. When the ruler does not possess methods
of government he cannot employ laws partially to lead the kingdom properly, hence
the power will be useless. The shu and fa are both instruments of a ruler to
manifest
supremacy
accordingly
to
the
people
(
shih).

42. Give the disputes as regards the attribution of the writings of the I Ching
a. Trigrams There are no disputes regarding on the trigrams of I ching. I have read
the primary text of I Ching, all of the 8 trigrams are presented clearly for example,
Chien which is characterized by the 3 solid lines is heaven and Father in Family
relationship.
b. Hexagrams the only disputes in the Hexagrams was how come the ancient
Chinese people developed these systems of divination which is being done by the

tossing of coins? Basically, the hexagrams also represent its own characteristics such
as |||||| Force and being creative , which is composed of two chien and characterized
by 6 lines, Hence, it is vague or not clear for others what are the foundations of these
hexagrams and how they come up
with the characteristics.
Pakiedit na lang kung may mali.. and kung sa tingin niyo hindi tama..
it's your choice not to copy this :)
39. What

is the basis of the formulation

of their doctrines?

a. Legalist- Doctrines of the legalist were direct response to the

political and other tendencies of their age. Modified Law (fa) and
methods (Shu) are their fundamental principle and basis on their
doctrines.
b. Confucian As what we all know that Confucius is a skeptical
philosopher; he formulated his doctrines for the Chou institutions. The
basis
of
the
formulation
was
the
six
disciplines:
1.
Shih
(book
of
odes)
describes
aims
2.
Shu
(book
of
history)
describes
events
3.
Li
(Rites)
describes
conduct
4.
Yueh
(music)
describes
harmony
5. I (book changes) shows the principle of the yin yang
6. Chun Chiu (Spring and Autumn Annals) shows the destinations and
duties
- These Six disciplines were not created nor formulated by the
Confucians but these were used to formulate a Confucian doctrine.
c. Mohist- The formulation of Mohist doctrine was created by Mo Tzu as
he combined the Principles of the state of Lu- where Confucius came,
and the state of Sung. The mohist doctrine is a utilitarian in a sense
that their principles are the PROFITABLENESS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS.
d. Dialecticians The dialecticians were logicians on the time of the
ancient china, The basis of their Doctrines were the Names (Chia) and
Forms (Hsing), And hence, by their doctrine, they are called the school
of
Names
and
forms.
e. Yin Yang Yin-yang is a unified system of cosmology, together with
the five elements namely Earth, wood or grass, metal, fire, and water.
Doctrine is based on the interactions of the opposites, or the
interaction of all things in nature, or so called duality or mutuality. For
instance:
f. Taoist The Taoist doctrine was the combinations of other views of
schools in ancient china. Taoist also adopts the principle of opposites
which is also the doctrine of the yin yang school. But the fundamental
basis of Taoist doctrine was the Tao Te Ching that was created by Lao
Tzu. Tao means The Power, Te means strength or virtue and Ching
means
scripture.
40. . Explain the Yin Yang History of Philosophy. What makes History
cyclical? Enumerate the 5 periods they cited from Chinese history
including the dominant color and element to every period.
Yin Yang was said to be the interactions of all things in nature. The
beliefs in yin-yang was seen on the ancient time of china- before the
rise of the institutions and schools such Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism
and etc., wherein they believe that when the Yin and the Yang lost its

designated place, there is something to be happen because these two

opposite forces is not constituting harmony and balance. Yin-Yang
became a school, also known as the School of Naturalist through the
efforts
of
Tsou
Yen.
For Fung Yu Lan, Five elements together with yin and Yang have
something to do with the History, were every Sages has its own
institution
color
that
represents
their
element.
Concerning in the permutations of five elements Water, Fire, Earth,
Metal and Wood; and cycle of the sages, every Dynasty and Emperor
has its own element that defines their institution colour. For instance,
for the legendary yellow emperor, huang-ti (is earth as ascendancy
therefore, yellow is its color; for emperor Yu of Hsia dynasty is wood as
ascendancy therefore, green is its color; For Tang (founder of shang) is
metal as ascendancy therefore, white is its color; For King Wen of
Chou dynasty is Fire therefore, Red is its Color. But one element is
missing, it is said to be that the Chiin Dynasty is the ascendance of
water and black is its color. (Page 162, A history of Chinese Philosophy
by
Fung
Yu
Lan,)
41. Explain also the Taoist History of Philosophy. What makes it cyclical
and
what
is
its
difference
with
the
Yin
Yang?
Taoism is a philosophical and religious school in ancient china wherein
they believed in the principle of Tao (the way). Taoism is also a
complete science since it is based upon a detailed understanding of
underlying principles such as physical, chemical, biological,
mathematical, psychological and political theories and laws. It was Lao
Tzu, who was said to be the founder of the School of Taoism and wrote
the Tao Te Ching, a canon for Taoist which provides the basis for the
philosophical school of Taoism, and an important pillar of Chinese
thought. Taoism teaches that there is one undivided truth at the root of
all things, the idea of opposites and changes are necessary.
The concepts of the Taoist school are the combination and the
development of several concepts or ideas. Some concepts of the Taoist
school are the same as Yin Yang for they promoted idea of living in
harmony with natural laws and they interpreted natural phenomena.
Therefore, Taoism is profoundly connected with the Yin-Yang for they
adopts the principle of opposites but Taoism is different to Yin-Yang for
they have the principle of Tao which is the way, Te which is the Virtue
while Yin Yang only tries to interpret the cosmological events and
various events that happens through the principle of opposites,
harmony
and
balance.
The Taoist school urged men to unity of spirit teaching that all
activities should be in harmony with the unseen, with abundant
liberality toward all things in nature. As to practice, they accepted the
orderly sequence of nature from the Yin Yang school, gather the good
points of Confucianism and mohism, and combine with these the
important points of (the school) names and law. In accordance with the
changes of the season, they respond to the development of natural
objects - stated in A History of Chinese Philosophy by Fung Yu Lan
page. 170
1. According to Fung Yu-Lan, what is the significance of discussing the legendary
history of China is studying Chinese philosophy? Kindly cite the rulers recognized as

models or founders of the different schools: the Confucian, Mohist, or Taoist in

particular.
- It is to nurture the mind of other people that it is not only the Western Philosophy
flourished in the ancient times but also Oriental Philosophy. Fung Yu-Lan does not
want to overwhelm Western Philosophy from Oriental Philosophy but to balance it for
the people. Bano Amir!
Confucius was a transmitter not a creator of the six disciplines. He teaches
everybody not only the rich but also the poor ones about the six disciples because in
his times, only the elite ones have the opportunity to study these disciplines. The
rectificatio
n of names was his greatest idea on socio-political issues during their times.
Mo Tzu notion of socio-political issues is the Utilitarianism. It is to rectify names not
by heredity but on its performance because he knows, the one who is profitable is the
one who is important for the prosperity of the society. He said in his Universal Love,
love does not benefit partially but by universal because it does not only benefits us
but also to other individuals.
Lao Tzu's view things were said to create "unnatural" action by shaping desires. The
process of learning the names used in the doctrines helped one to make distinctions
between good and evil, beautiful and ugly, high and low, and "being" and "nonbeing", thereby shaping desires. To abandon knowledge was to abandon names,
distinctions, tastes and desires. Thus spontaneous behavior
cnxa na pinaikli ko nlng yan n ung pnaka sagot at main idea ko pra jan haha
3. What is the primary concern of the Chinese Method of Conducting
Study? And this must not be understood as what concept or mode of
thought
in
the
western
point
of
view?
The Chinese people were not primarily at the method in seeking for
knowledge, but rather for self-cultivation; it was not for the search of
truth, but for the search for good. Chinese philosophy in short, laid
emphasis on mans moral qualities, rather than his intellectual and
material qualities. That is why because of its emphasis upon the way of
the inner sage, they have been deeply involved into the methods of
self-cultivation, which is the Method of Conducting Study. But this
must not be misunderstood as the counterpart of Ethics in western
sense, for Ethics stresses outside the individual, contrary to as what
the Chinese people call Sageliness.
12. Give the philosophical claims recorded in the TSO Chuan which prove the decline
of the belief in the supernatural spirits during the Chun Chiu (Spring & Autumn
Annal period).
a. The philosophical claim in the year 509 BC
b. The philosophical claim in the year 524 BC
c. The philosophical claim in the year 662 BC
d. The philosophical claim in the year 644 BC
answer:
A. Due to the death of Yi-Chou, the king under heaven, the succeeding emperor
Shuyang went to

the capital. King Jing was interred. The royal

house was in chaos.
- The conception that there was a king under heaven, was done to primarily, justify
that there was a son of heavendue to the anciently notions of divine entitiesbut
since the king under heaven fail to clarify to fulfill his title, due to the many attempts
to usurp his throne, he was overthrown and forced to encamp somewhere else, and
chaos flourished in the royal house. In effect, the king of heaven was marked as a
weak king, and the failure of the heaven to help or aid the king had marked their,
distant attitude to supernatural entities.
B. There was famine during this time, the attack of locusts happened, and it was
recorded with the consideration that this event was a lucky thing, this was claimed to
be lucky because of the ruler altered what was old and changed what was constant;
in response to this there was a disaster of nature. The ruler refers to Duke Xuan, who
altered the ancient and established system of the public field, and assessed taxes on
the basis of acreage. This means that after the famine brought on by this 7 disaster,
Xuan awoke to his error and realized that he should return to the old system in time
for the next years harvest. In that winter there was a great harvest. With these,
there arises the notion that famine was a natural phenomenon and it was not caused
by a supernatural entity.
C. The state of Lu was assassinated, so if the state was assassinated the people had
killed him, due to the unhappiness felt by the people. Long before, there was a
conception that the state was a heavenly established institution, but when the people
had experienced discontent, they revolted and killed the state; this event supported
their distant attitude towards spirits or supernatural entities.
D. The death of Mr. Yin occurred this is to say that the grandee of the direct command
of heaven died. The passing of the throne as hereditary and mandated by heaven
was destroyed though it was a violation of a ritual li, people exercised political
endeavors without using the name of a spiritual entity. Shit. Di ko alam talaga tong
last bahala na lang.!