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Abstract: A building that uses both technology and process to create a facility that is safe,
healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. With lots
of energy crisis in todays world now its important for architects, engineers and construction
managers to make buildings which are energy efficient and intelligent by its functions and as
well as its usage, too. Technologies applied in intelligent buildings will improve the building
environment and functionality for occupants, while reducing operational costs. Smart or
clever buildings, perhaps focus on control systems, but intelligent buildings go far beyond
this. An intelligent building has an implicit logic that effectively evolves with changing user
requirements and technology, ensuring continued and improved intelligent operation,
maintenance and optimization. It exhibits key attributes of environmental sustainability to
benefit present and future generations. An intelligent building system concept recognizes that
the true cost of the building is not its cost of construction; it must include the operating and
maintenance costs over the structures life span. Intelligent buildings yield cost reductions
over all these areas by optimizing energy use through automated control, communication and
management systems. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss,
revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors. Now a day, all heard of sickbuilding syndrome and the misery this can inflict in the workplace in terms of poor health
and lost production. The notion of the Intelligent Building is the modern civil engineer's Big
Idea in tackling these and other such deficiencies. The intelligent building can adapt itself to
maintain an optimized environment. An intelligent building must be smart enough to vary the
environment to suit the users and also to provide various means of communication or
network regardless of whether it is internal or external. At an even more fundamental level
intelligent buildings can cope with social and technological change and also are adaptable to
human needs. This paper provides a review of research era in the area of Intelligent Building
with case studies.
Keywords: Human needs, Intelligent buildings, Modern civil engineer, Technologies
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
I.
INTRODUCTION
A. Definition
An intelligent building can be defined as the building that combines the best available
concepts, designs, materials, systems and technologies in order to provide an interactive,
adaptive, responsive, integrated and dynamic intelligent environment for achieving the
occupants' objectives over the full life span of the building.
B. Overview of Intelligent Building
An Intelligent Building provides a productive, cost effective environment through the
optimization of structure, systems, services and management as well as the interrelationship
between them. It integrates various systems (such as lighting, heating, air conditioning, voice
and data communication and other building functions) to effectively manage resources in a
coordinated mode to maximize occupant performance, investment and operating cost, savings
and flexibility. They yield cost reductions over all these areas by optimizing energy use
through automated control, communication and management systems during its cost post
construction phase. They also guard against repair costs, employee time, productivity loss,
revenue loss and the loss of customers to competitors.
Intelligent buildings transcend integration to achieve interaction, in which the various
independent systems work collectively to optimize the building's performance and constantly
create an environment that is most conducive to the occupants goals. Additionally, fully
interoperable systems in intelligent buildings tend to perform better, cost less to maintain, and
leave a smaller environmentalism print than individual utilities and communication systems.
The tasks that can be efficiently managed by an intelligent building include: power,
security, fire alarm, fire-fighting, air conditioning, diesel generator, water supply, solar
power, solar water heating, access control and lighting. It also helps service engineers to track
the maintenance schedule of machinery and equipment.
An intelligent building helps an organization to fulfil its objectives by facilitating the
management of the resources and thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the
organization. Nowadays, high quality of the intelligent building enables organizations
(institutions) unhindered and efficient operation, growth, organizational restructuring, proper
social relations (ease of space arrangement), not to mention a high level of safety, healthy
internal environment, long-lasting aesthetic values and cost efficiency. Thus, modern
intelligent buildings should fulfil all these requirements.
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
The use of integrated and managed building control systems with technological
awareness to create healthy and sustainable environment which is flexible, comfortable,
productive, work efficient, secure and cost effective to satisfy the stakeholders needs while
reducing energy and water consumption. This is being driven by conditions such as
sustainability, stakeholders' expectations and the shifting culture towards value rather than
initial cost so that quality and whole life costs are taken into account.
C. Fundamentals for Development of Intelligent Buildings
Cost Effectiveness
End User
Satisfaction
Integration of
Building Services
Responsiveness to
changes (Flexibility)
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
III. FACTORS AFFECTING CRITERIAS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
1) CR - Construction Requirement
SLCM - Sourcing Local Construction Materials
EUW - Efficient Use of Water
WEL - Water Efficient Landscaping
MT - Materials: ash bricks, aluminium, frames, glass, Low VOC paint,
and CRI certified Carpeting
2) EC - Environment Control EC
QUDL - Optimum Use of Day Light
MAQ-Maintaining Air Quality
NAF - Natural Air Flow
IA - Installation Air
HU - Handling Unit
CAE - Controlled Air Exhaust
ULCL - Use of LED and CFL Lighting ULCL
3) WM - Water Management
RWH - Rain Water Harvesting
WEPF - Water Efficient Plumbing and Fixtures
WTR & MD - Water Treatment, Recycling & Minimal Disposal
4) DW-Disposal Waste
SWCS - Solid Waste Control Strategies
IP - Ingress Protection: Preventing dust and the external
elements from entering the building
SNBDD - Separation of non-bio degradable disposables
GWH - Gray Water Handling
5) IBA - Intelligent Building Aspects
EEBS - Energy Efficient Building Services
IM - Information Management
BAS - Building Automation System
SI - System Integration
CWS & ND - Communication Wiring System & Network Design
FM - Facility Management
IBT & D - Intelligent Building Technology & Design
TM - Technology Management
6) IBM-Integrating Building Management
EM - Energy Management
AM - Alarm Monitoring
HS - HVAC System
PSS - PLC SCADA Software
LC - Lighting Control
LM - Lift Management
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
IV. ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
Aerated Concrete
Blocks
High Performance
Glass
Building integrated
Photo Voltaic
Living Walls
Motion Sensors
Light Pipes
CO2 Sensor
Smoke Detector
Intelligent Building
Managemet System
(IBMS) Control Room
Sewage
Treatment
Plant
Solar Parking
Waterless
Urinals
Solar Awnings
Dual Flush
System
Water Efficient
Landscaping
Energy
Efficient
Appliances
Aerated Water
Taps
Inland
Vegetation
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLIGENCE FOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING
Automation
Build
Monitor
VII.
Energy efficient
Building services
with proper
selection of
Equipment
Communication
Wiring system and
Network Design
Maintain
Control
Information
Management
Building
Automation System
System Integration
Facility
Management
Intelligent Building
Technology and
Design
Technology
Maintenance
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
VIII.
Intelligent Building
Ordinary Building
as
lighting,
ventilation,
fire-fighting,
air
2.
3.
on
the
changes
in
the
environmental
conditions.
In
an
Ordinary
Building,
the
security
system,
The development cost of an Intelligent Building is 8 10% higher than that of an ordinary building.
4.
normal building.
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
X.
A. Advantages
Environmental Benefits
Economic Benefits
Social Benefits
Enhance occupant
comfort and health
Heighten aesthetic
qualities
Minimize strain on
local infrastructure
Improve overall quality
of life
B. Disadvantages
In spite of many benefits, the main barriers to the promotion and acceptance of
intelligent buildings can be attributed to the lack of:
Financial Resources
Confidence to undertake
new and untested
technologies
Knowledge of developers
and owners on the
environmental impact of
inefficient buildings
Professional capacity to
incorporate and manage
intelligent technologies
Institutional structures
need to encourage and
support uptake of such
technologies
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
XI. CASE STUDIES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING
[a]
[b]
Figure 3: Forum Mall, Bangalore
Source: http://www.constructionworld.in/News.aspx?nId=JjDft4lL3daEe1VT5gZ7Tg==
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
Dual Entrance
Shoppertainment-Ground+4
Floors
+ multi-level parking
spread
floors
Premium Finishes
Centrally Air-conditioned
Wide walkways
each floor
transportation
Uniform visibility
Facilities Management
System
3.9m
Tele-connectivity
3) Project Details:
Forum Mall, Bengaluru, India is fitted with a computerized building management system
that senses where the maximum footfalls are leading and increases the cooling and
ventilation in those areas.
The sensors channels the information to the controllers of the HVAC (heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning, Climate control) systems, which respond accordingly.
Sensors and controllers thus help to optimize the consumption of energy by using
networks to relay intelligent inputs detailing the attributes of the physical environment to
building services systems.
4) Result achieved:
Improved operational efficiency of the entire system with energy savings of 8 to 10%.
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
1) Management Committee:
Architect: C R Narayana Rao (CRN)
Intelligence Provided: Integrated Building Management System
Provider: Race Technologies
Cost of System: 1.75 to 2 Crore for the Building Management Systems (BMS)
2) System Details
Ebene Cyber City, Mauritius was awarded the Intelligent Building of the year by the
Intelligent Community Forum, USA in 2005. It uses an Integrated Management System
conceived and designed by C. R. Narayana Rao (CRN) and implemented by Race
technologies.
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
Comprehensive Integration
Integration
automation
and
requirement.
lighting, air-conditioning.
Integration
of
Fire Comprehensive
Access
System
Turnstile
barriers
to
security
Electrical
monitoring
systems Lighting
and
management
metering systems
systems
System with automation of Monitoring
pumps
of
Vertical Emergency
transportation System
Voice
CONCLUSION
From this research work, following conclusion are drawn:
XII.
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
Though intelligent buildings have a positive impact on the environment, people and
economy, there can be still a wide scope for enhancement. Owing to the continuous,
evolving technological progress that intelligent buildings can be a part of demands
further exploration.
REFERENCES
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh
Conference on: Trends and Challenges of Civil Engineering in Todays Transforming World
[19] Services for Energy Management, Fourth International Symposium on the Management of Industrial and
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29th March, 2014, Civil Engineering Department S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh