WORKSHOP "BASIC SLIGHT KNOWLEDGE OFITHE PHONOLOGY OF ENGLISH"

PREPARED BY MSc. JOHNNY SANCHEZ SNCHEZ

UPEL-IPM
BASIC VOCABULARY ONE NEEDS WHEN STUDYING
PHONOLOGY
PHONETICS is the branch of Linguistics which studies the speech sounds and their
production, transmission, and perception. It is necessary, then, to know the verbs
produce, transmit; and perceive; the adjective phonetic and the adverb phonetically.
PHONOLOGY is the branch of Linguistics which studies the speech sounds of a
particular language. For example, the phonology of English.
A PHONEME is any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a
language that distinguish one word from another. In English, the "s" in "sip and the
z" in "zip" represent two different phonemes. Adjective: phonemic Adverb:
phonemically.
ALLOPHONES are the different ways of pronouncing the same phoneme. A
phoneme may be pronounced in different ways, depending on its position in the
utterance, and still remain the same phoneme.
A PHONEFIC ALPHABET is a set of symbols which represent each distinct sound or
sound unit of a specific language. These symbols are used for transcribing the
pronunciation of words, phrases, and sentences. For example: book, the book.
A PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION is a graphic representation of the pronunciation of
an utterance indicating the order in which the sounds occur without specification of
details.
A PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION is a graphic representation of the pronunciation of
an utterance indicating not only the order in which the sounds occur, but also some
other features that accompany the sounds according to the position that occupies in
the utterance.
A PHONEMIC TERM is one of the symbols that make up a phonetic alphabet.
THE ORGANS OF SPEECH OR THE SPEECH ORGANS are the different parts of our
body which are involved in the production of sounds. They are: lips, teeth, tongue,
vocal cords, lungs, palate, nose, epiglottis, larynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity.
THE LARYNX is a rigid structure situated at the top of the trachea and below tiie
pharynx. It can be located from the outside by putting your fingers on the
prominence known as Adam's apple. The larynx contains the vocal cords.
THE VOCAL CORDS are two short bands of flesh and muscle which stretch from
front to rear inside the larynx. In breathing and during the production of some
speech sounds, like [f] and [s], these bands are held open, allowing free ingress and
egress of air. But with many sounds they are pressed together, and the air passing
between them causes them to vibrate. The space between line two vocal cords is
called the glottis.