06 TCP Ip

07/09/2011
TCP/IP
Introducing TCP/IP
07/09/2011
Objectives
Explain the function of TCP/IP suite
N10-0041.1.1Explain the function of networking protocol TCP/IP suite
Agenda
Brief history of the Internet

TCP/IP Suite
Comparing TCP/IP and OSI models
Functions of TCP/IP layers
07/09/2011
Internet Society - A Brief History of the

Internet
First communication on ARPANET in

October 1969
University of California-Los Angeles
UNIVERSIT Y
Stanford Research Institute

50 kbps
UNIVERSIT Y
07/09/2011
Dr. Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA with the

first Interface Message Processor
By the end of 1969 there were just

four nodes on ARPANET
Univ. of California LA
Stanford Research Institute
Univ. of California Santa Barbara
Univ. of Utah
http://www.computerhistory.org/internet_history/full_size_images/1969_4node_map.gif
07/09/2011
Evolution of TCP/IP
The original Host-to-Host protocol was the
Network Control Protocol (NCP)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) soon replaced NCP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite is also called the Internet
Protocol Suite
What is an RFC?
Request for Comments
A memorandum published by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Describes methods, behaviors, research, or
innovations related to the Internet
The IETF adopts some of the proposals
published as RFCs as Internet standards
www.ietf.org
07/09/2011
TCP/IP Design Goals
Hardware and
Software
manufacturer
independent
Good builtin failure

recovery
Provide
reliable
end-to-end
service
even with
high error
rates
Be efficient
and have a
low data
overhead
Allow the
addition of
new
networks
without
service
disruptions
TCP/IP and the OSI Model

ISO/OSI Model
Internet Protocol
Application
Presentation
Application
Session
Transport
Transport
Network
Internet
Data Link
Link or Network
Access
Physical
07/09/2011
TCP/IP or Internet Protocol Suite

consist of many protocols
Application
Layer
BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP(S) IMAP IRC

LDAP MGCP NNTP NTP POP RIP RPC RTP
SIP SMTP SNMP SSH Telnet TLS/SSL XMPP
(many, many, more)
Transport
Layer
TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP ECN

(more)
Internet
Layer
IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP ICMPv6 IGMP IPsec

(more)
Link Layer
ARP/InARP NDP OSPF Tunnels (L2TP) PPP

Media Access Control (Ethernet, DSL, ISDN, FDDI)
(more)
Some documents describe TCP/IP with

4 layer and others with 5 layers
Official? RFC
Tanenbaum
1122
Cisco
Kurose &
Forouzan
Comer &
Kozierok
Stallings
Four layers
Four layers
Four layers
Five layers
Five layers
Five layers
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Application
Transport
Transport
Transport
Transport
Transport
Internet
Internet
Internetwork Network
Link
Host-tonetwork
Network
interface
Data link
Physical
Internet
Data link
(Network
interface)
(Hardware)
Host-to-host
or transport
Internet
Network
access
Physical
07/09/2011
Link layer Protocols

Application
Layer

(many, many, more)
Transport Layer

(more)
Internet Layer

(more)
Link Layer
ARP . L2TP PPP Ethernet Frame relay (more)
THE INTERNET LAYER PROTOCOLS
07/09/2011
Internet layer Protocols

Application
Layer

(many, many, more)
Transport
Layer

(more)
Internet
Layer

(more)
Link Layer

(more)
The Internet Protocol (IP)

Responsible for Routing packets to their
destination
Connectionless
Provides Logical Addressing
Fragmentation, if required
07/09/2011
THE HOST-TO-HOST (TRANSPORT)

LAYER
Transport layer Protocols

Application
Layer

(many, many, more)
Transport
Layer

(more)
Internet
Layer

(more)
Link Layer

(more)
10
07/09/2011
The Host-to-Host has two main

protocols
TCP
UDP
Other Protocols, DCCP, SCTP,
RSVP, etc.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection oriented
Reliable
Error recovery
Flow control
11
07/09/2011
The User Datagram Protocol
Connectionless
Unreliable
Application Layer Protocols

Application
Layer

(many, many, more)
Transport
Layer

(more)
Internet
Layer

(more)
Link Layer

(more)
12
07/09/2011
Summary
Brief history of the Internet

Comparing TCP/IP and OSI models
TCP/IP Suite
Functions of TCP/IP layers
Application layer
Transport layer
Internet layer
Link layer
Hobbes' Internet Timeline http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

Internet Society - A Brief History of the Internet http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - http://www.ietf.org/
13
07/09/2011
The Internet Layer Protocols
Objectives
Explain the function of common TCP/IP
Internet Layer protocols
1.1.4 Explain the function of networking protocol IP

1.1.5 Explain the function of networking protocol ARP
1.1.6 Explain the function of networking protocol ICMP
1.1.22 Explain the function of networking protocol IGMP
14
07/09/2011
Agenda
Functions of the IP Protocol

IP Header fields
Function of the IP address
Functions of ICMP
ARP and RARP
Functions of IGMP
Functions of the TCP/IP Internet layer
Application
Transport
Internet
Link or Network
Access
Maps to OSI Layer 3

Core Internet Protocol
Logical Addressing
Path Determination
Best Effort
15
07/09/2011
The IP Header
Protocol Field in IP Header

Protocol
Protocol Number
ICMP
1
IP in IP (tunneling)
4
TCP
6
IGRP
9
UDP
17
EIGRP
88
OSPF
89
IPv6
41
GRE
47
Layer 2 tunnel (L2TP) 115
Allows the
receiving device
to determine
which protocol
to hand-off to
16
07/09/2011
NETWORK AND HOST ADDRESSING
Network and Host Addresses

192.168. 80.134
IP Address
255.255.255.0
Subnet Mask
Network
192.168.80.0
Host
134
17
07/09/2011
The Router Interface IP Address

determines the connected Network ID
11.8
11.5
10.5
11.1
12.1
10.8
12.5
12.10
10.1
The Host part of the address identifies

the Host within the Network
11.5
11.8
10.5
11.1
12.1
10.8
12.5
10.1
12.10
Network
Host
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
10
18
07/09/2011
Internet Control Message Protocol

(ICMP)
Provides Network layer Management

and Control
ICMP provides management functions

that IP lacksICMP
Huston, We Have a
Problem
BREAK
Huston
Sender
Cannot
Deliver
Packet!
19
07/09/2011
ICMP provides the following functions

Announces network problems
Destination unreachable
Announces network congestion
Source Quench
Assists in troubleshooting
Echo request and Echo reply
Announces timeouts
Time to Live exceeded
ICMP Testing Process

D:\>ping 192.110.1.140
Pinging 192.110.1.140 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out
40
20
07/09/2011
D:\>ping 192.110.1.40
Reply from 192.110.1.40: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=64

D:\>ping 10.140.244.217
Destination unreachable
21
07/09/2011
ICMP Types
Type Name
Type Name
0 Echo Reply
1 Unassigned
2 Unassigned
3 Destination Unreachable
4 Source Quench
5 Redirect
6 Alternate Host Address
7 Unassigned
8 Echo
9 Router Advertisement
10 Router Selection
11 Time Exceeded
12 Parameter Problem
13 Timestamp
14 Timestamp Reply
15 Information Request
16 Information Reply
17 Address Mask Request

18 Address Mask Reply
19 Reserved for Security
20-29 Reserved
30 Traceroute
31 Datagram Conversion Error
32 Mobile Host Redirect
33 IPv6 Where-Are-You
34 IPv6 I-Am-Here
35 Mobile Registration Request
36 Mobile Registration Reply
37 Domain Name Request
38 Domain Name Reply
39 SKIP (??)
40 Security Failures
41 Probe Request
42 Probe Reply
43-255 Reserved
ARP AND RARP
22
07/09/2011
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

finds the Destinations MAC Address
I need to send a
Packet to
172.20.10.10
172.20.10.60
BROADCAST ARP
Who has MAC for
172.20.10.10
172.20.10.10
BROADCAST ARP
This is my MAC for
172.20.10.10
00-18-8B-5B-C1-92
Reverse ARP (RARP)

I need to get an
IP Address
BROADCAST RARP
Here is my MAC 00-18-8B5B-C1-92
I need an IP Address
Lookup IP Address
for 00-18-8B-5BC1-92
BROADCAST RARP
00-18-8B-5B-C1-92
Use IP Address
10.11.12.13
23
07/09/2011
Internet Group Management Protocol

(IGMP)
Used to manage the membership of IP
Multicast groups
Works between Hosts and Routers
Review
Functions of the IP Protocol

IP Header fields
Function of the IP address
Functions of ICMP
ARP and RARP
Functions of IGMP
24
07/09/2011
The TCP/IP Transport Layer

Protocols
At the end of this lesson we will be

able to
1.1 Explain the function of common networking
protocols
1.2 Identify commonly used TCP and UDP default
ports
Network+2009
25
07/09/2011
Agenda
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
Ports and Sockets
Functions of the TCP/IP Transport layer

Maps to OSI Layer 4
Application
Transport
End-to-end communications services

for Applications
Reliability
Internet
Flow control
Link or Network
Access
Multiplexing
26
07/09/2011
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF THE

USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL
The User Datagram Protocol
Connectionless
Unreliable
27
07/09/2011
UDP is like sending a Post Card mail it

a hope it arrives
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF THE

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL?
28
07/09/2011
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection oriented
Reliable
Error recovery
Flow control
TCP is like sending Registered Mail
29
07/09/2011
The TCP Header
Flag
NS
Meaning
Nonce Sum
CWR
Congestion Window
Reduced
ECE
ECN-Echo
URG
Urgent Pointer
ACK
Acknowledge
PSH
Push function
RST
Reset
SYN
Synchronize
sequence numbers
FIN
No more data from

Sender
What Are Ports And Sockets?
30
07/09/2011
Ports identify the applications on the

sending/receiving hosts
16 bits
0 through
65535
Port Number Ranges

Well Known
Ports
Registered
Ports
Dynamic and/or
Private Ports
0
to
1023
1024
to
49151
49152
to
65535
31
07/09/2011
How does the Client selects the ports

to use?
Client
Application
Source Port:
Choose free port
1024 - 65535
Destination Port:
Use server Service Port
0 - 65535
Application Request and Response

Client
Web
Browser
Request
SourceP: 1234
DestinationP: 80
Add Source and
Destination
Addresses
Web
Server
Reply
SourceP: 80
DestinationP: 1234
Add Source and

Destination
Addresses
32
07/09/2011
Common Well Known Ports

TCP - 20 FTP Data
TCP - 21 FTP Control
TCP - 22 SSH
TCP - 23 Telnet
TCP - 25 SMTP
TCP - 53 DNS Zone Transfer
UDP - 53 DNS Query
Common Well Known Ports

UDP - 69 TFTP
TCP - 80 HTTP
TCP - 110 POP3
TCP - 119 NNTP
TCP - 123 NTP
TCP - 143 IMAP4
TCP - 443 HTTPS
33
07/09/2011
A Socket identifies a single network

process between Hosts
Source Port
Destination
Port
Socket
Source IP
Address
Destination
IP Address
Sockets on Client and Server allow

applications to Communicate
Source Port:
5678
Destination Port:
23
From
Client
Source Addr.:
192.168.20.30
Destination Addr.:
10.10.10.10
Destination Port:
5678
Source Port:
23
From
Server
Destination Addr.:
192.168.20.30
Source Addr.:
10.10.10.10
34
07/09/2011
MULTIPLEXING CONNECTIONS
Client opens a HTTP connection to

Server
SP
5608
DP
80
SA
DA
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
Client Socket
SP
80
DP
5608
SA
DA
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
Server Socket
35
07/09/2011
Clients opens a new HTTP connection

to server
SP
DP
SA
DA
SP
DP
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
SA
DA
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
Client Socket
Server Socket
Client opens a telnet connect to

server
SP
DP
SA
DA
SP
DP
SA
DA
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
5610
23
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
23
5610
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
36
07/09/2011
New client opens a HTTP connect to

server
10.10.10.10
SP
DP
10.20.20.20
SA
DA
SP
SA
DA
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
23
5610
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
5610
23
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
SP
5608
DP
80
DP
SA
DA
10.10.10.20
10.20.20.20
Note in each socket there is at least

one thing different
10.10.10.10
SP
DP
10.20.20.20
SA
DA
5608
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
80
5609
80
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
5610
23
10.10.10.10
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
SP
5608
DP
80
SP
DP
SA
DA
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5609
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
23
5610
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.10
80
5608
10.20.20.20
10.10.10.20
SA
DA
10.10.10.20
10.20.20.20
37
07/09/2011
Review
Transmission Control Protocol

User Datagram Protocol
Ports and Sockets
Common Application Default Ports
Review
TCP
UDP
DNS 53
HTTP 80
HTTPS
443
DNS 53
TFTP 69
FTP 20, 21
SSH 22
TELNET
23
DHCP 67
SNMP
161
SMTP 25
POP3 110
IMAP4
143
NTP 123
38
07/09/2011
The TCP/IP Application Layer

Protocols
At the end of this lesson, you will be

able to:
Define the purpose, function and use of the of
common protocols used in the TCP / IP
Application layer:
39
07/09/2011
We will cover
The function and use of common Application Layer protocols
HTTP(S)
TLS/SSL
FTP
TFTP
Telnet
SSH - Secure Shell
SMTP
POP3
IMAP4
DNS
DHCP
NTP
SNMP1/2/3
SIP
RTP
RTCP
LDAP
Functions of the TCP/IP Application

layer
Provides network connectivity
to applications
Application
Transport
Internet
Incorporates OSI Application,

Presentation, and Session
layers
Defines the protocols that
programs use to exchange data
Link or Network
Access
40
07/09/2011
The Application Protocols
Provides an
interface to the
user applications
Interfaces also
with the
Transport Layer
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Probably the most popular protocol
Allows viewing Web Pages
Minicomputer
41
07/09/2011
Example:- HTTP
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
S:
Initial request line (GET)
GET /index.html HTTP/1.1

Headers, one per line
Accept-Language: en-gb
Blank line indicates end of request
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: text/xml, application/xml, application/xhtml+xml, text/html, text/plain
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; en-gb)
AppleWebKit/523.12.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/3.0.4 Safari/523.12.2
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Connection: keep-alive
Host: www.dcs.gla.ac.uk
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2008 22:44:25 GMT
Server: Apache/2.0.46 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Mon, 17 Nov 2003 08:06:50 GMT
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 3646
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Initial response code (HTTP/1.1 200 OK)

Headers, one per line
The Content-Length: header indicates body size
Blank line indicates end of headers
Unstructured body data follows, with specified size
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Computing Science, University of Glasgow</TITLE>
...remainder of page omited...
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

(HTTPS) provides security using
TLS/SSL
Allows browsers and servers to sign,

authenticate, and encrypt HTTP messages
Minicomputer
42
07/09/2011
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides

file transfer services
Minicomputer
Allows unsecure file transfer between Client

and Server
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

low overhead
Minicomputer
A stripped down version of FTP

Uses UDP instead of TCP
No Security
43
07/09/2011
Minicomputer
Email
Server
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Email Transfer
SMTP
Minicomputer
Email
Server
SMTP example
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
S:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
C:
S:
C:
S:
220 mail01.example.com ESMTP Exim 4.48 Wed, 20 Feb 2009 101:31

HELO pc720.example.com
250 mail01.example.com Hello pc720.example [172.20.250.151]
MAIL FROM:joe@example.com
250 OK
RCPT TO:jane@cspins.org
250 Accepted
DATA
354 Enter message, ending with "." on a line by itself
From: Joe Smith <joe@example.com>
To: Jane Doe <jane@cspins.org>
Date: Wed 27 Feb 2008 10:32:45
Subject: Test
S: server C: Client
This is a test
Line-by-line request-response; very chatty
.
All commands are four characters + data
250 OK id=1JUJa1-00073j-22
All responses are numeric + text
QUIT
221 mail01.example.com closing connection
44
07/09/2011
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail

Extensions)
SMPT drawback: ASCII characters only
MIME standard encodes, interprets binary
files, images, video, non-ASCII character sets
within e-mail message
Identifies each mail message element according to
content type
Text, graphics, audio, video, multipart
Does not replace SMTP

Works in conjunction with it
Minicomputer
Email
Server
SMTP
Post Office Protocol (POP3) retrieves

Email from Server
SMTP
POP3
Minicomputer
Email
Server
45
07/09/2011
Example:- Retrieving Email: POP3

S: +OK POP3 mr1 v2003.83rh server ready
C: USER csp
S: +OK User name accepted, password please
C: PASS ...password elided...
S: +OK Mailbox open, 4 messages
C: STAT
S: +OK 4 21142
C: LIST
S: +OK Mailbox scan listing follows
S: 1 1626
S: 2 7384
S: 3 6101
S: 4 6031
S: .
C: RETR 1
S: +OK 1626 octets
S: Return-path: <jcz@vxu.se>
S: Envelope-to: csp@dcs.gla.ac.uk
S: Delivery-date: Wed, 13 Feb 2008 18:40:07 +0000
S: ...email message elided...
S: .
C: DELE 1
S: +OK Message deleted
C: QUIT
S: +OK Sayonara
Follows style of SMTP

Follows style of SMTP
Internet Message Access Protocol

(IMAP4)
46
07/09/2011
Telnet Terminal Emulator

Remote console
Text based
Unsecure - unencrypted
Telnet Login
47
07/09/2011
Secure Shell (SSH) provides a secure

tunnel
Server
Client
VOICE OVER IP (VOIP)
48
07/09/2011
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Signaling Protocol
Only sets up and tears down connections
Similar to H.323, MGCP
SIP Call Flow

SIP
Server
Phone
A
Phone
B
49
07/09/2011
RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol)
Carries actual Voice / Video
Runs over UDP
RTCP (Real-time Transport Control

Protocol)
Provides Quality Feedback for
RTP
Transmitted periodically
Measures packets lost or delayed
Cannot correct problemsonly reports
RTCP is optional
50
07/09/2011
UTILITY OR SUPPORT APPLICATION

LAYER PROTOCOLS
DNS Domain
Name System
A hierarchical naming system

Uses a distributed database model
Resolves names to IP addresses
e.g. - www.example.com 10.1.1.15
Can also do the opposite resolve IP address

to name
51
07/09/2011
Global DNS Infrastructure
.
.org
.com
unicef.org
google.com
.edu
mit.edu
cisco.com.
.au
msu.edu
gov.au
com.au
go.cisco.com.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol
I need Network
Configuration
Information
DHCP
Server
Client
DHCP DISCOVER
DHCP OFFER
DHCP REQUEST
DHCP ACKNOWLEDGE
52
07/09/2011
Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Replaced Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
TLS and SSL are cryptographic protocols that
provide communications security
Encrypt the segments of network connections
above the Transport Layer
Provides security for use in web browsing,
email, Internet faxing, instant messaging and
voice-over-IP (VoIP).
Simple Network Management Protocol

(SNMP) used to manage devices on IP
network
Three versions:
SNMP v1
SNMP v2
SNMP v3
53
07/09/2011
SNMP Information Display
Network Time Protocol (NTP)

Stratum 1
Sync with
Stratum 0
Stratum 2
Sync with
Stratum 1
Stratum 0
Very Accurate Time
Atomic Clock
NTP
Client
Syncs with
Stratum 2
54
07/09/2011
The U.S. Naval Observatory Alternate

Master Clock NTP Stratum 0
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

(LDAP)
Allows lookup of information about Users,
Computers, Printers, etc.
Examples Microsofts Active Directory,
Novells eDirectory
LDAP
Directory Server
55
07/09/2011
Review
Common Application
Layer protocols
HTTP(S)
TLS/SSL
FTP
TFTP
Telnet
SSH - Secure Shell
SMTP
POP3
IMAP4
DNS
DHCP
NTP
SNMP1/2/3
SIP
RTP
RTCP
LDAP
Mike Meyers All-In-One, pgs 274 to 295

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Laye
r
56

06 TCP Ip

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

06 TCP Ip

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

07/09/2011

N10-0041.1.1Explain the function of networking protocol TCP/IP suite

Brief history of the Internet

Internet Society - A Brief History of the

First communication on ARPANET in

Stanford Research Institute

Dr. Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA with the

By the end of 1969 there were just

TCP/IP Design Goals

Good builtin failure

TCP/IP and the OSI Model

TCP/IP or Internet Protocol Suite

BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP(S) IMAP IRC

TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP ECN

IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP ICMPv6 IGMP IPsec

ARP/InARP NDP OSPF Tunnels (L2TP) PPP

Some documents describe TCP/IP with

Link layer Protocols

BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP(S) IMAP IRC

TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP ECN

IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP ICMPv6 IGMP IPsec

ARP . L2TP PPP Ethernet Frame relay (more)

THE INTERNET LAYER PROTOCOLS

Internet layer Protocols

BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP(S) IMAP IRC

TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP ECN

IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP ICMPv6 IGMP IPsec

ARP/InARP NDP OSPF Tunnels (L2TP) PPP

The Internet Protocol (IP)

Provides Logical Addressing

THE HOST-TO-HOST (TRANSPORT)

Transport layer Protocols

BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP(S) IMAP IRC

TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP ECN

IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP ICMPv6 IGMP IPsec

ARP/InARP NDP OSPF Tunnels (L2TP) PPP

The Host-to-Host has two main

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

The User Datagram Protocol

Application Layer Protocols

BGP DHCP DNS FTP HTTP(S) IMAP IRC

TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP ECN

IP (IPv4, IPv6) ICMP ICMPv6 IGMP IPsec

ARP/InARP NDP OSPF Tunnels (L2TP) PPP

Brief history of the Internet

Hobbes' Internet Timeline http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

The Internet Layer Protocols

1.1.4 Explain the function of networking protocol IP

Functions of the IP Protocol

Functions of the TCP/IP Internet layer

Maps to OSI Layer 3

Protocol Field in IP Header

NETWORK AND HOST ADDRESSING

Network and Host Addresses

The Router Interface IP Address

The Host part of the address identifies

Internet Control Message Protocol

Provides Network layer Management

ICMP provides management functions

ICMP provides the following functions

ICMP Testing Process

ICMP Testing Process

ICMP Testing Process