A REPORT ON THE

ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF A

MULTISTOREYED FRAME STRUCTURE
Submitted as a requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Civil Engineering

Under the guidance of

Dr. P.K. Mehta
Submitted By:
Swetabh Singh
Samik Mukhopadhyay
AjitabhShah

DEPATRMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MOTILAL NEHRU NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(DEEMEND UNIVERSITY)
ALLAHABAD 211004
1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

GENERAL
Man requires different buildings for his various activities: houses, flats for his

living, hospitals for his health, schools and universities for education etc. The National
Building Code of India (SP:7-1970)defines building as a any structure for whatsoever
purpose and of whatsoever materials constructed thereof whether used as human
habitation or not and includes foundation, plinth, walls, floors, roofs, chimneys,
plumbing, and building services, fixed platforms, verandah, balcony, cornice, or
projection, part of a building or anything affixed thereto or any wall enclosing or
intended to enclose any land or space and signs & outdoor display structures. Based on
occupancy, the NBC of India classifies buildings into nine groups from Group A to Group
J. Based upon the structure, it can be either load bearing or framed or a combination of
two.

1.2

OBJECTIVE

The project concerns with the planning analysis & design of multistory building (G+4)
which will have seminar rooms, administrative office, departmental library & some
laboratories of the computer science & engineering department. The proposed site is the
land in front of the M.M.S complex with a plot area of 1600 m2. The proposed structure is

framed structure & has been designed in accordance with the provisions of I.S Codes.
The analysis & design of the 3-D frame has been performed by STADD. Pro.

1.3

PROPOSED PLAN

The proposed plan and elevation of the building is shown in Fig 1.1 to 1.4

Fig 1.1 : Plan of the building (stadd)

Fig. 1.2. Plan view of the building (CAD)

Fig . 1.3. Front view of the building

Fig .1.4. Side view of the building

LITERATURE REVIEW
AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS

2.1

GENERAL
A building may be either load bearing or framed structure or a combination of

both. Generally the load bearing buildings are used up to three storeys. Beyond this
framed structures are preferred because of weight and strength etc. Low rise framed
structures are made of R.C. elements; where as high rise structures use steel as framing
system. Steel frames are used for sky-scrapers but for normal high rise buildings,
reinforced concrete frames are used. Both these types are advantageous over ordinary
brick or stone construction as the loads are reduced considerably.
Reinforced concrete buildings consist of slabs, beams and columns continuously
placed to form a rigid structure. This continuous system leads to greater redundancy,
reduced moments and distributes the loads more evenly. The effects of horizontal loads
such as wind and earthquakes are spread over the whole structure increasing its safety
considerably. The floor is supported on the beams which may be directly supported on
columns or on beams which are then supported on columns.
A building frame is a three dimensional i.e. a space structure. It can be idealized
as a system of interconnected two-dimensional vertical frames. The frames can be solved
independently i.e. as a plane frame or a space frame. The degree of accuracy to which a

structural analysis is carried out depends upon the importance of the structure. A wide
range of approaches have been used for buildings of various heights and importance,
from simple approximate methods to complex techniques using computers.
Buildings are designed keeping the following in mind;

Strength: The structure should be able to safely resist the stresses induced in all the
members due to imposed loads which include dead load of structure, live loads and
horizontal loads i.e. wind loads and earthquake loads.

Stability: The structure and its parts should be safe from overturning, sliding or buckling
under the action of the above mentioned loads.

Serviceability: The structure should perform satisfactorily under service load conditions
i.e. should be able to meet its purpose for which it is built during service life. If the
structure fails to meet any (or a combination) of the objectives above, then the structure is
considered to have failed. Apart from the three objectives above two more factors are
considered by designers. They are Economy and aesthetics. By economy we mean that
the structure should be worth its price by the services it provides. One can always design
a massive structure, which has more than adequate strength, stability, & serviceability,
but the ensuring cost of the structure may be excessive and the end product far from
aesthetics.

2.2

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
The loads in a building structure are transferred to a ground through a system of

interconnected members. Whole most frames are designed to carry vertical loads; certain
frames in buildings are designed to carry horizontal loads more effectively. A structural
system may be classified as load bearing wall system, building with flexural wall system,
Moment resisting frame system, flexural wall, dual frame system, Space frame & Tube
System.
A brief description about the above systems is presented below.

2.2.1

Load bearing wall system:

In this type of structure no columns provided. The walls provide support for all

gravity loads as well as resistance to lateral loads. The walls and partition wall supply inplane lateral stiffness and stability to resist wind and earthquake loading. Such structural
systems are restricted for buildings up to 3 storey in seismic zone V and 4 stores in other
zones.

2.2.2

Buildings with flexural (Shear) wall system:

The gravity load is carried primarily by a frame supported on columns rather than
bearing walls. Some minor portion of the gravity load can be carried on bearing walls but
the amount so carried should not represent more than a few percent of the building area.
The resistance to lateral loads is provided by non-bearing flexural wall of braced frames.
While there is no requirement to provide lateral resistance in the vertical load resistance
frames, it is strongly recommended that nominal moment resistances be incorporated in
the vertical load frame design. The vertical load frame provides a nominal secondary line
of defense even though all required lateral forces are resisted by other frames. The
presences of a frame can provide vertical stability to the building and prevent collapse
after damage to the flexural wall or braced frames. The frame also acts to tie the building
together and redistribute the lateral force to undamaged elements of the lateral force
resisting system.

2.2.3. Moment Resisting frame system:

It is a system in which members and joints are capable of resisting vertical and
lateral loads primarily by flexural. To qualify for a response reduction factor R=5, the
frame should be detailed conforming to IS: 13920-1993 to provide ductility except in
seismic zone II. In a moment resistance frame, relative stiffness of girders and columns is
a very important. A frame may be designed using weak column-strong girder proportions
or strong columns-weak girder proportions. A plastic hinge will form either at the ends of
a column or a girder depending upon which is weaker. It is obvious that a frame with
weak girder- strong column proportions is more stable and therefore, highly desirable.

2.2.4

Flexural (Shear) wall system:

It is a reinforced concrete wall designed to resist lateral forces parallel to the plane

of the wall and detailed to provide ductility conforming to IS: 13920-1993. The
International Building Code of America IBC 2000 permits the use of flexural (Shear)
wall system up to a height of about 45 m. However it can be used up to a height of 70 m,
if and only if, flexural walls in any plane do not resist more than 33% of the earthquake
design force including torsion effects. The purpose is to ensure that each of these four or
more flexural walls are in different planes and spaced adequately throughout the plan or
on the perimeter of the building in such a way that the premature failure of a single wall
or frame would lead to excessive inelastic torsion.
2.2.5

Dual frame system:

A dual frame is a structural system with the following features:
A moment resisting frame providing support for gravity loads.
Resistance to lateral loads is provided by :1. A specially detailed moment resisting frame (concrete or steel) which
is capable of resisting at least 25% of the base shear including torsion
effects.
2. Flexural walls, that is, shear walls or braced frames must resist the
total required lateral force in accordance with relative stiffness

10

considering the interaction of the walls and the frames as a single

system. This analysis must consider the relative stiffness of the
structural elements and torsion effects in the system. The deformation
imposed upon the members of the by the interaction with flexural wall
or braced frame must also be considered. The effects of higher modes
could be quite significant for the design of flexural walls in the upper
storey. The purpose of the 25% frame is to provide a secondary
defense system with higher degrees of redundancy and ductility in
order to improve the ability of the building to support the service loads
after earthquakes.
2.2.6

Space frame:
It is a three dimensional structural system without shear or bearing walls

composed of interconnected members laterally supported so as to function as a complete

self contained unit with or without the aid of horizontal diaphragm or floor bracing
system.
2.2.7

Tube System:
A structural system consisting of closely spaced exterior columns tied at each

floor level with relatively deep spandrel beams. Thus it creates the effects of a hollow
concrete tube perforated by openings for the windows. The exterior columns are
generally spaced between 1.25 to 3.0 m. The spandrel beams interconnecting the closely
spaced columns have a depth varying from 60cm to 1.25 m and width varying from 25
cm to 1.0 m. Such a building has a very high moment of inertia about the two orthogonal

11

axes in plan as well as torsion stiffness about the vertical axis. Such a system is very
effective in controlling lateral displacements in very tall buildings. This concept was
developed in early 1960s for the 43 storey DeWitt- Chestnut apartment building in
Chicago, and later in 1110- storey Sears Towers, Chicago, to resist severe wind forces
and satisfy the requirements of limit state of serviceability.

2.3

LOADS
A building is subjected to the following loads during its service life.

2.3.1

Dead Loads
The dead loads in a building shall compromise of the weight of all the walls,

partition walls, floors and roofs and shall include the weights of all the other permanent
constructions in the building.
2.3.2

Live Loads
Live loads are also called the superimposed loads and include all the moving or

variable loads, due to people or occupants, their furniture, temporary stores, machinery
etc. Live loads on floors shall compromise of all loads other than the dead loads. The
various live loads acting on the different floors are given in IS 875: 1987.
In the case of multistoried buildings, the following reductions in live loads may be
made in designing columns, piers and foundations:
Table 2.1
No. of floors carried by member under
consideration

Percent reduction of live load on all

floors above the member under
consideration
0

12

2
3
4
5 or more

2.3.3

10
20
30
40

Lateral loads
Lateral loads can be due to wind and earthquake.

A brief description about these load are given below:

2.3.3.1 Wind load:
Wind load is a phenomenon. The wind speed depends upon several factors such
as: density of obstruction in the terrain, size of gust, return period and probable life of
structure etc.
The wind loads in IS: 875-1987(Part 3) are based on two considerations:
1. The statistical and probabilistic approach to the evaluation of the
wind loads and
2. Due to recognition of the dynamic component of wind loading and
its interaction with the dynamic characteristics of the structure.
The design wind speed Vz at any given height and at a given site is expressed as a
product of four parameters.

Vz = Vb k1 k2 k3
Where Vb = basic wind speed in m/s at 10m height.
k1 = probability or risk factor
k2 = terrain, height and structure size factor

13

k3 = local topography factor

The design wind pressure pz in N/m2 at any height above mean ground level is gone by
the reaction:

pz = 0.6 Vz 2
Where Vz = design wind speed in m/s at height z

2.3.3.2 Earthquake load:

Earthquakes cause random motion of ground which can be resolved in any
mutually perpendicular directions. This motion causes structure to vibrate. The vibration
intensity of ground expected at any location depends upon the magnitude of earthquake,
the depth of focus, distance from the epicenter and the strata on which the Structure
stands. The predominant direction of the vibration is horizontal.

The following assumptions shall be made in the earthquake resistance

design of structures
1

Earthquake causes impulsive ground motion which is complex and irregular in

character, changing in period and amplitude each lasting for small duration. Therefore,
resonance of the type as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitations will not
occur as it would need time to build up such amplitudes.
2

Earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with wind or max flood or max

sea waves.

14

The value of elastic modulus of materials, wherever required, may be taken as for
static analysis unless a more definite value is available for use in such conditions.

2.3.4
2.3.4.1

Permissible Increase in Stresses and Load Factors:

Permissible increase in material stresses:
Whenever earthquake forces are considered along with other normal

design forces, the permissible stresses in materials, in the elastic method of design, may
be increased by one third. However, for steels having a definite yield stress, the stress can
be limited to yield stress; for steels without definite yield point, the stresses will be
limited to 80% of the ultimate strength or 0.2 % proof stress whichever is smaller.
2.3.4.2

Load factors:
Whenever earthquake forces are considered along with other normal

design forces, the following forces may be adopted.

For ultimate design of steel Structures:
UL = 1.4 (DL + LL + EL)
Where;
UL = the ultimate load for which the structure or its elements should be designed
according to the relevant Indian Standards for steel structures.
DL = Dead load of the structure
LL = Superimposed load on the structure considering its modified values.
EL = Value of the earthquake load adopted for design
For limit state design of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete structures.

15

2.3.4.3 Permissible increase in Allowable bearing pressure of the soil:

When earthquake forces are included the permissible increase in allowable
bearing pressure of soil shall be given in the code (IS: 1893- 1984; table-1), depending
upon the type of foundation of the structure.

2.4

CODES USED
Various leading nation have formulated their own National Building Codes which

lay down the guidelines for the design as well as the construction of structures in their
countries. These codes have evolved from the collective wisdom of structural engineers
gained over the years and are still evolving. Building code are developed, changed and
enforced for one main reason safety. The various codes used in this project are listed as
belowa) IS 456: 2000 - Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.
b) IS 875: 1987 - Code of practice for the design loads for buildings and
structures.
Part 1: Dead load
Part 2: Imposed load
Part 3: Wind load
c) IS 1983 (Part 1): 2002 India standard criteria for earthquake
resistance design of structure.

16

2.5

DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES
There are three design philosophies which have been used for the design of

reinforced concrete structure viz working stress method, Ultimate load method, Limit
sate method.
At present the IS 456 recommends the use of limit state method of design. However it has
also retained the working stress method of design.
A brief introduction about these theories is presented below:
2.5.1 Working Stress Method
This is a traditional method of designing reinforced concrete. It is based on the
principle that the permissible stress for the concrete and steel is not being exceeded
anywhere in the structure in the worst combination of working load condition. Assuming
that both the materials obey Hooks law the section is designed in accordance with the
elastic theory of bending.
IS 2000 uses a factor of safety equal to 3 on the 28 days cube strength to obtain the
permissible compressive stress in bending in concrete and equal to 1.78 on the yield
strength of steel in tension to obtain the permissible tensile in reinforcement. The
idealized stress and strain diagram are shown below:

17

cb
Nd

NEUTRAL AXIS
STRAIN

st

SECTION

st
STRESS

Fig. 2.1 Stress Strain curve in Working Stress method

2.5.2 Ultimate load method

This method uses load factor to increase the working load to obtain ultimate loads
and includes the non-linear behavior of concrete. Structure is designed to resist the
desired ultimate loads. Whitneys ultimate theory is based on the assumption that the
ultimate strain in concrete is 0.3% and the compressive stress at the extreme fiber of the
section corresponds to this strain. The idealized stress and strain diagrams are shown
below:

18

cu

cu

cu
C

Xm
d

SECTION

sy
STRAIN

y
ACTUAL STRESS

y
WHITNEYS
STRESS

Fig.2.2 Stress- Strain curve in Ultimate load method

2.5.3

Limit state method

It is based on the concept as to achieve an acceptable probability that the structure will
not become unserviceable in its life time. Hence this method is based on its philosophy
that the structure should be able to withstand safely the working load throughout its life
and also satisfy the serviceability requirement.

19

In the design the following limit states are examined:

1. Limit state of collapse
It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacities and it violation implies failure but
do not mean complete collapse. This limit state corresponds to:
Flexure
Compression
Shear, and
Torsion
2. Limit state of serviceability
It corresponds to the development of excessive deformation. This state corresponds to:
Deflection
Cracking, and
Vibration
The idealized stress and strain diagram is shown below:

20

ck
2%
Xm
d

NEUTRAL AXIS

SECTION

sy

y
STRESS

STRAIN

Fig. 2.3 Stress - Strain curve in Limit State method

2.6

METHODS OF ANALYSIS
The entire structure can be analyzed based on the concept of building frames

which consists of multi storied and multi paneled network of beams and columns
which are built monolithically and rigidly with each other at their junctions. All the
members of such a frame are continuous at their ends. Besides the reduction of
moments due to continuity, such structures tend to distribute the loads more uniformly
and eliminate the excessive effects of localized loads. The structure can be analyzed as
3 dimensional structure or it can be broken down into 2 dimensional plane frames
and analyzed.

21

A building frame is subjected to both vertical as well as horizontal loads. The

vertical loads consist of the dead weight of the structural elements such as beams, slabs
and columns and the live loads coming on the members. The horizontal loads consist of
the wind forces and earthquake forces. The ability of the multi storey to resist the
horizontal loads and other lateral forces depends upon the rigidity of the connection
between the beams and columns.

There are two approaches for the analysis of structure i.e.

Exact method- Most of the softwares available are based on
Stiffness Matrix method of analysis.
Approximate method- in this method only a limited part of the
structure is analyzed considering simplified boundary conditions.

2.6.1 Vertical Forces

A building frame is a three dimensional structure consisting of a number of bays
in the two direction. A building structure may be assumed to be consisting of two sets of
plane frame crossing each other mostly at right angles. The vertical members (i.e.
columns) are common to both these sets of frames. Each set of frame is analyzed
separately. Since moments in the vertical members occur in two planes, the stresses in the
column should be found for moments acting in two planes simultaneously and the
corresponding vertical loads. The method most widely used for analysis of frames is
Kanis method and substitute frame method (approximate method). The exact analysis

22

may be carried out using matrix approach. The substitute frame method is briefly
described below.
Substitute Frame
The analysis of a multistoried multi-paneled building frame is very cumbersome,
since the frame contains a number of continuous beams and columns. A simple method of
analysis, accurate enough for practical purpose is used by analyzing a small portion of the
frame called Substitute Frame. The substitute Frame consists of one floor, connected
above and below with their four ends either hinged or fixed. Generally it is sufficient to
consider two adjacent spans on each side of joint considered. The Substitute frame gives
the results which are safe for all practical purposes.

2.6.2

Horizontal Forces
A building frame is subjected to horizontal forces due to wind pressure and

seismic effects. These horizontal forces cause axial forces in the columns and bending
moment in all the members of the frame. A building frame is a highly indeterminate
structure. Due to these suitable assumptions are made so that the frame subjected to
horizontal forces can be analyzed by using simple principle of mechanics. Following
approximate methods are commonly used for the analysis if building frames subjected to
lateral forces:
1. Portal method
2. Cantilever method

23

2.7

DESIGN OF BUILDING COMPONENTS

A brief description about the various components of the building (Super and

Substructure) along with the method of analysis and design is presented in following
articles.

2.7.1 Slabs
Slabs may be classified a one way slabs or two way slabs based upon the aspect
ratio. When the aspect ratio (ly/lx)>2 it is designed as one way slab. However it is
designed as two way slab when aspect ratio is 2.
One way slab are designed as a beam considering one meter width of slab.
Two way slabs are further classified into nine types as given in IS 456: 2000 based on
boundary conditions.
The two way slabs are divided in middle strips and edge strips and designed
accordingly.
In our present project, only four of these slabs have been encountered. They are shown in
the figure given below:

24

Two adjacent edges

discontinuous
S1

One long edge

discontinuous
S2

One short edge

discontinuous
S1

Interior panel
S1

Fig. 2.4. Slab Classification

These four slabs can be denoted as follows:
1. Two adjacent edges discontinuous

S1

2. One long edge discontinuous

S2

3. One short edge discontinuous

S3

4.

S4

Interior panel

Further each type of slabs has been subdivided based on their sizes.

Detailing of slab
The bottom reinforcement should extend up to 0.25L of a continuous edge or
0.15L of a discontinuous edge. It is recommended that alternate bars (bottom
steel) should extend fully into the support.
The negative reinforcement at the continuous support should be distributed
uniformly in the edge strip. At least 50% of these bars should extend to a distance
25

of 0.3L from the face of the continuous support, on either side. The remaining
bars may be curtailed at a distance of 0.15L from the face of the continuous
support.
To safe guard against possible negative moments at a discontinuous edge due to
partial fixity the code recommends that top steel area equal to 50% of that of the
bottom steel at mid span (in the same direction) should be provided extending
over a length of 0.1L
Detailing for torsion reinforcement: if one edge is continuous and the other
discontinuous. The total area of steel to be provided in each of the four layers
should not be less than:

1. 0.75Ast,x+ if both edges meeting at the corner are discontinuous.

2. 0.375 Ast,x+ if one of the edges is discontinuous.
3. No reinforcement for internal corner.

2.7.2

BEAMS
These are the basically flexural member on which the slab rest. The beam, are in

turn supported on columns to which they transmit the loads. Beams can have square,
rectangular or flanged (T or L-shaped) cross-sections. With respect to the reinforcement
provided beams can be singly reinforced or doubly reinforced. For the design of beams
we used Staad Pro (Version 2004). First the imposed loads are transferred to the various
frames in the building manually, after designing the slabs in the various floors. The yield
26

line theory is used to calculate the distribution of dead as well as the live load coming on
to each beam from the slab.

Yield line theory in two way slabs

2.7.3

COLUMNS
These are the vertical skeletal structural elements which may be rectangular,

square, circular etc. in their cross-sectional shapes. The size of the section is governed by
effective length of the column and loads acting on it, which in turn depend on the type
floor system, spacing of columns, number of storeys etc. The column is generally
designed to resist axial compression combined with Uni-axial or Bi-axial bending
moments that are induced by frame action. It is also advisable to reduce the unsupported
length of the columns by providing appropriate tie beams- otherwise they may have to be
designed as slender columns.

27

2.8

BASICS STEPS IN STADD PRO ANALYSIS

Creating the structural geometry: the frame is created from the given structural
plane area of the each floor. Each element of the frame is called as member. And
the joint of the frame is called as node in STAAD Pro.
Assigning the member property: The assumed dimension of the member is
assigned to each member by selecting the member.
Support Condition: The condition of support such as pinned, fixed, roller is assign
to the nodes. In our case only fixed condition was encounter.
Loading: After assigning the support condition to the node the different loads is
applied to each member.
Running the analysis and design: After assigning all the condition the frame is
analyzed by performing analysis command from the file menu.
Output: The output of the analysis is directly viewed from the view output
command. The output will be in the form of support reaction, mid span moment,
end moment, shear force etc. as well as the section dimensions and the
reinforcements provided.

28

LOAD COMPUTATION AND ANALYSIS

3.1

STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
Plan with Dimensions

The plan is generated based upon plotting of the nodes from join 1 to 426.

The 3-D model of the proposed structure is shown in fig 3.1

3-D Model of the Structure

29

Fig 3.1 3-D frame model of the Structure

This has been generated based upon linking of joints through beams and columns for
which the classification is as follows:
Table 3.1.
Elements

Beam

Slab

Columns

1 to 110
327 to 722

276 to 326
935 to 1138

111 to 169
723 to 1158

Now the frame has been analyzed separately and under different combination
of static(DL,LL)and dynamic (WL,EL) loads. A few important result obtained are
presented in 3.2 to The various combinations considered for the analyzing of the frame
are presented in the article (Fig. 3.2. to 3.8)

3.2

LOAD COMBINATIONS

The various combinations considered for the analyzing of the frame are
presented in the article (Fig. 3.2.1 to 3.2.10). Now the frame has been analyzed
separately and under different combination of static(DL,LL)and dynamic (WL,EL) loads.
A few important results obtained are presented in table(3.2 to 3.6).

3.2.1 DL + LL

Fig. 3.2. Dead load

30

Fig 3.3. Imposed load

Analysis Summary(DL+LL)
Table 3.2

3.2.2

DL+ LL combination
The alternate loading of different panels have been assumed depending upon the

occupancy of different habitats in building for instance the administrative office, library,
corridor will always be under imposed load whereas many a times faculty room, store
room etc. may not be loaded.

31

Fig . 3.4 Alternate panel loading of the 3-d frame

Fig . 3.5. Alternate loading at 1st and 3rd floor

32

Fig .3.6 Alternate Loading at 2nd floor

Analysis Summary(DL+AL)
Table 3.3

33

3.2.3

DL + LL + WL

Wind load calculation

Basic Wind Speed for Allahabad Vb = 47m/s
K1, Probability Factor/ Risk Factor = 1
K2, Terrain & Size of the structure = 1.05
(Terrain category 2 & Building Class B & Height = 17 m)
K3, Topography factor = 1.36
Designed wind speed Vz = k1 * k2 * k3 * Vb
= 67.116 m/sec
Pz Wind pressure at height z = .6 * Vz2
= 2702.73 N/m2
Therefore wind force F = Cf * Pz * Az
Cf = 1.2
F = 2610837.18 N

34

3.2.4 DL+LL+WL(+X Direction)

Fig. 3.7 DL+LL+WL(+X Direction)

Analysis Summary(DL+LL+WL (+x direction))
Table 3.4

35

3.2.5

DL + LL + WL (-X direction)

Fig .3.7 DL+LL+WL (-x direction)

Analysis Summary(DL+LL+WL (+x direction))
Table 3.5

36

3.2.6

DL + LL + EL

Earthquake load calculations

Seismic Load of the Structure= 41720.625kN

Height of the Structure = 17.5 m

No of Storey (n) = 5

W1 = 8683.25kN

W1 = W2 = W3 = W4 = Seismic wt of each floor

Seismic load of roof = 6987.625 kN

a. For Calculation of base shear

Earthquake Zone III
Z = .16
I = 1.5
R= 3
T = .085h.075 (for h= 17.5 m)
T= .727 secs
Soil type II (medium soil)
Sa/g = 2.0
Ah horizontal Seismic Coefficient = z/2 * Sa/g * I/R
Ah = .08
Vb= Ah * W
Vb = 3337.65 kN

37

b. Distribution of base Shear on the frame

Qi = (Vb * Wi hi2)/(wi hi2)
Q1 = 66.59 kN
Q2 = 266.38 kN
Q3 = 599.36 kN
Q4 = 1065.55 kN
Q5 = 1339.78 kN
3.2.7

DL + LL + EL (+X direction)

Fig 3.9 DL+LL+EL(+X Direction)

38

Analysis Summary(DL+LL+EL (+x direction)

Table 3.5

3.2.8 DL+LL+EL (-x direction)

Fig 3.10. DL+LL+EL (-x direction)

39

Analysis Summary(DL+LL+EL (-x direction))

Table 3.6

3.2.9

DL+LL+EL (+z direction)

Fig 3.11 DL+LL+EL (+z direction)

40

Analysis Summary(DL+LL+EL (+z direction))

Table 3.7

3.2.10 DL+LL+EL (-z direction)

Fig 3.12 DL+LL+EL (-z direction)

41

Analysis Summary(DL+LL+EL (-z direction))

Table 3.8

42

SLAB DESIGN

4.1 GENERAL
In this chapter the design and detailing of few selected elements are presented.

4.2

SLAB
The design of three different types of slab as shown in fig 4.1 are presented.

Fig .4.1 Classification of Slab

Type 1 :

Two Way 3 edges discontinuous and one edge

continuous

43

Type 1:

Two edges discontinuous and two edges

continuous

Type 2 :

4.3

One way slab

SLAB- TYPE 1

Thickness of the slab=0.12m.

Lx=5.12m, Ly=5.12m.
Bx= 0.043
= -0.057
By=0.043
Slab dead load =3 kn/m2.
Superimposed load=3kn/m2
Factored load =1.56=9kn/m2.
Mx =0.0439 (5.12)2=10.15 kn-m/m (at mid span)
Mx = -13.44kn-m/m (at edge)
My =0.04395.122 = 10.15kn-m/m.
As1=(0.363010000.48120)/(0.87415)=1722.97 mm2/m.
So provide 16 -12 bars at 60mm c/c spacing.

[Edge reinforcement (discontinuous)]

Minimum reinforcement 0.12%=0.121201000=144mm2.
So use 8 mm bars at 100mm c/c.
[Corner reinforcement]
44

1 At discontinuous corner
0.751722.97=1292.22mm2
So provide 17 -10 bars at 60 mm c/c along both span .Provide in 4 layers.
2 At continuous corner
(0.751722.97)/2=646.11mm2.
So provide 8 10 bars at 120 mm c/c along both span in 4 layers.

4.4 SLAB TYPE II

One way slab

Dead load =3 kn/m2

Live load =3 kn/m2
F.D.L=1.53=4.5 kn/m
F.I.L=1.53=4.5 kn/m
Total dead load =4.55=22.5 kn.
Total imposed load =4.55=22.5 kn.
Dead loads moment at E =22.55/12=9.375 kn-m
Imposed load moment at E =22.55/10=11.25 kn-m
So moment at E =20.625 kn-m

Dead load moment at B =11.25 kn-m

Imposed load moment at B = 12.5.

45

So total moment at B =23.75.

Moment at F=22.55 (1/16+1/12)=16.41.
So then 23.75106=0.87415At (91-415At/(301000))
0.066106=91At 0.0138At2.
At = [91+-{(912) 4 (0.066) (0.0138106)}]/(20.0138).
Atb = 829.71 mm2/m.
Ate =720.54 mm2/m
Atf = 573.29 mm2/m.
At point B
Provide 8 -12 bars at 125 mm c/c
At point E
Provide 7 -12 bars at 140 mm c/c
At point F
Provide 5 - 12 bars at 200 mm c/c.
Temperature reinforcement
= 0.15120100=180 mm2/m
So provide 4 8 bars at 250 mm c/c.

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4.5

SLAB DETAILING
The detailing of different slabs designed are presented in fig. 4.2 to 4.4

Fig 4.2 Slab Detailing Type 1

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The transverse and longitunal reinforcement can be calculated similarly as for type -1
slab with change in moment coffecient

Fig 4.3 Slab corner detailing of Slab type 1

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Fig 4.4 Type 2 Slab detailing

49

BEAM DESIGN

5.1

BEAM 1

50

5.2

BEAM 2

51

5.3

BEAM 3

52

5.4

DETAILING

Fig 5.1Plan

53

Fig .5.2 Elevation

54

COLUMN DESIGN

6.1

CALCULATION

6.1.1 Exterior column design

PU=4180.82 KN
MU =232.11 kn-m
e=232.11/4180.82=55.27mm
1. emin =3500/500+450/30=22mm
2. emin=20mm

Now e>emin but lies within the section .

e/D =55.27/450=0.12<0.5
Design for B.M and Axial force.
L eff/b =3.51.151000/450=8.94
Short column.
PU/fckbD=0.6882.
MU/fckbD2=0.085.
K=0.62

si=0.87y.
ci=0.446 ck.

55

PU/fckbD=0.36k+ (pi/100ck)(

si - ci)

P=4.01%
As=4450450/100=8100mm2 (So provide 26 no of bars of 20 mm dia.)

6.1.2

Interirr column design

PU=3843.17Kn
MU=221.76Kn-m
e=221.76/3843.17=57.70mm
1 emin=22 mm
2 emin=20 mm.
e>emin but lies within the section
e/D =57.70/450=0.13<0.5
Design for B.M and Axial force.
L eff/b =3.51.151000/450=8.94
Short column.
PU/fckbD=0.6326.
MU/fckbD2=0.081.
K=0.62

si=0.87y.

56

ci=0.446 ck.
PU/fckbD=0.36k+ (pi/100ck)(

si - ci)

P=4.28%
As=4450450/100=8100mm2 (So provide 26 no of bars of 20 mm dia)

6.2 COLUMN DETAILING

Fig 6.1 Detailing

57