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Enjoy,
Romeo Fahl
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ms20@u.washington.edu
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SPEECH SYNTHESIS
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Prominent among this group was Alexander Graham Bell. The events - in
connection with experiments on the "harmonic telegraph" - that led Bell, in
March of 1876, to apply the facsimile waveform principle are familiar to
most students of communication. Less known, perhaps, is Bell's conception
of a spectral transmission method remarkably similar to the channel
vocoder.
Bell called the idea the "harp telephone". It consisted of an
elongated electromagnet with a row of steel reeds in the magnetic circuit.
The reeds were to be arranged to vibrate in proximity to the pole of the
magnet, and were to be tuned successively to different frequencies. Bell
suggested that "-they might be considered analogous to the rods in the harp
of Corti in the human ear". Sound uttered near the reeds would cause to
vibrate those reeds corresponding to the spectral structure of the sound.
Each reed would induce in the magnet an electrical current which would
combine with the currents produced by other reeds into a resultant complex
wave. The total current passing through a similar instrument at the
receiver would, Bell thought, set identical reeds into motion and reproduce
the original sound (Watson).
The device was never constructed. The reason, Watson says, was the
prohibitive expense! Also, because of the lack of means for amplification,
Bell thought the currents generated by such a device might be too feeble to
be practicable. (Bell found with his harmonic telegraph, however, that a
magnetic transducer with a diaphragm attached to the armature could, in
fact, produce audible sound from such feeble currents.)
The principle of the "harp telephone" carries the implication that
speech intelligibility is retained by preserving the short-time amplitude
spectrum. Each reed of the device might be considered a combined
electro-accoustic transducer and bandpass filter. Except for the mixing of
the "filter" signals in a common conductor, and the absence of rectifying
and smoothing means, the spectrum reconstruction principle bears a striking
resemblance to that of the channel Vocoder.
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