Challengesandopportunities

Trendstoaddress
Newconceptsfor:

Offensiveseacontrol
SeabasedAAW
Weaponsdevelopment
Increasingoffensiveseacontrolcapacity
Addressingdefensiveandconstabularymissions

Capabilityandprogramimplications
Text

 In2001,theNavyplannedanewsurface
warfareapproach
NewfamilyofCG(X),DD(X),LCS
EmployingNetworkcentricwarfare
Allthreeshipsnowcancelled/truncated

Navyhasanopportunitytoimplementnew
surfacewarfareconcept
FinalspecificationsforFlightIIIDDG51
ConceptanddesignoffollowonSSCand
modificationstoLCS
PhasedmodernizationofremainingCGs
Newweaponsandsensors

Thisstudyproposesaplanfocusedon:
Largeandsmallsurfacecombatants
Resultspossiblebymid2020s

Chinathepacingchallengebutnottheonly,ormostlikely,A2/ADthreat
thesurfaceforceswillface

Iranshowslesscapablemilitariescancombinegeographyandfireand
forgetweaponsineffectiveA2/ADnetwork

NumberofActiveConflicts

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

TypesofActiveConflicts
100%

9%

13%

20%

80%
60%

53%

28%

38%

57%
67%

40%

67%
16%

20%
23%

23%
6%

0%
1946
ExtrasystemicConflict

55%

1961
InterstateConflict

13%
1976
InternalConflict

5%

7%

1991
2006
Internationalizedinternalconflict

Proxy,paramilitary,andindirectconflictsontherise

HistoricalBudgetAuthorities

900,000

Army

Navy

AirForce

DefenseWide

OIF/OEFDRAWDOWN

MillionsofFY2015$

800,000
700,000

COLDWARDRAWDOWN

DoDwide

600,000
500,000

VIETNAMDRAWDOWN

KOREA DRAWDOWN

AirForce

400,000
300,000

Navy

200,000
100,000

Army

HistoricalBudgetAuthoritiesasPercentofTotalDoN BudgetAuthority
PercentofBudgetbyCategory

100%
90%

OtherSpending

80%
70%

R&DandProcurement

60%
50%
40%

OperationsandMaintenance

30%
20%

MILPERS

10%
0%

DoN ShareofHealthcare

Budgetsunlikelytorise;pressurecontinuesonR&Dandprocurement

ColdWarOuterAirBattle
EnabledcarrierstoapproachwithinstrikingdistanceofRussia
SurfacefleetscontributionwasUp,OutandDown
Ships&aircraftabletoengageSovietbombersoutsideantishipmissilerange

Surface-Launched Missile Threat to U.S. Surface Combatants

Range:

50 nm

100 nm

150 nm

200 nm

250 nm

300 nm

200 nm

250 nm

300 nm

Variation in Y-values is for illustration only,

not intended to reflect relative altitude

SS-N-19
BrahMos

Tondar
Karus

Nasr

Kosar
C-801
C-701 C-704

Enemy
Combatant

Range:

Enemy
Combatant

50 nm

100 nm

150 nm

U.S. Surface
Combatant
Naval Strike Missile range from IHS Janes Navy International. All other ranges from IHS Janes Defence: Weapons database.
* RGM-84L, a Harpoon Block II variant, is the only variant in service with the U.S. Navy.
** Extended-range Harpoon Block I variant previously in U.S. and foreign service.

 Surfacecombatantswillconductbulkofseacontrol
Subs,carriers,amphibiousshipsconductingpowerprojectioninfuturescenarios

Defeatenemyweaponlaunchers,notjustenemyweapons
BAMS

SM-6

Secure Data Link

Future Anti-Ship Missile

DDG

Future Anti-Submarine
Weapon

TAGOS

Mission

Missile

Number

100

Longrange
DefensiveAAW

SM6

16

90

Midrange
DefensiveAAW

SM2

32

ESSM

32(8cells)

BMD

SM3

Strike

Tomahawk

24

SUW

Harpoon

8nonVLS

ASW

VLA

10

80

SuccessfulEngagements

70
60

SLS

SSLS

50
40
30
20
10
0
0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

DefendingMissileSingleShotPk

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

 Shifttoasingle,densedefensiveAAWlayer
Smallerinterceptors;justascapableandmorenumerousaslongerrange
AcknowledgeschallengesagainstOTHtargets
Enablesintegrationoflasers,railgunandelectronicwarfare

LongrangeinterceptorsusedforoffensiveAAW
ASBM

EMRG

30 nm
Defensive AAW
5 nm

ASCMSalvo

Ship Self-Defense

RAM
Laser
LCS

ESSM

DDG
JHSV

CIWS

LCS

 LaseronsomeFlightIIIDDG51
300500kWabletoconductairdefense
Neededpowerandcooling(~1500kW)
toohighforotherships
Smallerlaser(~60100kW)couldbe
usedforcounterISR,counterUAV

EMrailgunonJHSV,DDG1000
32MJabletoconductairdefense,strike
Powerrequirementof17MW
64MJEMRGonDDG1000forstrike

ShiftdefensiveAAWto~30nmrange
SmallerESSMlikeinterceptor
EWsystems
Laser
Electromagneticrailgun

Mission

Missile(replacement)

Number

OffensiveAAW

SM6

32

DefensiveAAW

ESSM BlkII

96(24cells)

BMD

SM3

Strike

Tomahawk(NGLAW)

24

SUW

Harpoon(LRASM)

8nonVLS

ASW

VLA(None)

10

Morecapacityneeded
fromeachVLScell
Emphasize:
relevantcapability
multimission
applicability
smallersize;>1percell

Plannedsolutionsare
large,single
missionweapons
NoASWweaponableto
outrangesublaunched
antishipmissiles
Gettingthemostoutoftheshipsmainbattery theVLSmagazine

Mission

CurrentMissile

Number

FutureMissile

Number

OffensiveAAW

SM6

16

SM6

42

DefensiveAAW

SM2

32

ESSM BlkII

96(24cells)

ESSM

32(8cells)

BMD

SM3

SM3

Strike

Tomahawk

24

LRASM

18

SUW

Harpoon

8nonVLS

LRASM/SM

18/42

ASW

VLA

10

NewASWMissile

MultimissionLRASM

LongrangeASROC

SM6foroffense

ESSMfordefense

25

NumberofCGs
ShipCount

20

PhasedModCGs
15

CG47Replacement
10

OperatingCG6373
5

OperatingCG5262

0
FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25 FY26 FY27 FY28 FY29 FY30 FY31 FY32 FY33 FY34 FY35 FY36 FY37 FY38 FY39 FY40 FY41 FY42 FY43
FiscalYear
FiscalYear

Cruiserphasedmodernizationneededforoffensiveseacontrol,airdefense
commandercapacity

Misawa Air Base

THAAD Batteries
PAC-3 Batteries
Sasebo
Naval Base

Iwakuni Naval
Air Station

Tokyo

Yokosuka Naval Base

ShorebasedBMDsystemsshouldreplaceBMDshipsindefenseoffixed
Cruiserphasedmodernizationneededforoffensiveseacontrol,airdefense
locationsoverseas
commander

150 to 300 nm range engagement

FutureAntiShipMissile

Mutually-Supporting Air Defenses

Secure Data Link

FutureAntiSubmarineWeapon

Passive Listening

Variable Depth Sonar

Passive Towed Array

Enablingsmallsurfacecombatantsabletocontributetooffensivesea
controlwithCGsandDDGsorontheirown

160

FollowonSSC

SSCreqmt

LCS

140

PC

120

FFG
100

LargeSurfaceCombatantreqmt

80

BMDstations

60

CSGescorts

DDG1000
FutureLargeSurface
Combatant
DDG51FlightIII
DDG51FlightIIA
DDG51FlightII

40

DDG51FlightI
20

CG
0
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
FY22
FY23
FY24
FY25
FY26
FY27
FY28
FY29
FY30
FY31
FY32
FY33
FY34
FY35
FY36
FY37
FY38
FY39
FY40
FY41
FY42
FY43
FY44

NumberofSurfaceCombatants

MCM

GrowingSSCshortfallrequiresnewapproachestoescort,trainingand
securitymissionssoCGsandDDGscanfocusonoffense

 ModifyLCStobethefollowonSSC

LCSProcurement
FY05

FY06

FY07

FY08

FY09

FY10

FY11

FY11

FY12

FY13

FY14

FY15

FY16

FY17

FollowonSSCProcurement
FY19

FY20

FY21

FY22

FY23

FY24

FY25

Onlyonevariant

EquipfordefensiveAAW,ASWand
SUWmissions

VLS(24cell)
3Dradar(notSPY)
ASWmissionpackage
Samegun

UpgradeselectedLCSwithVLS

 EvolvetodedicatedLCScrews
Forwardbase16LCS

UpgradeselectedLCSwithVLS
ConsiderbuyingmoreJHSV
4LCS

8 LCS

8LCS

8 LCS

4LCS

117
Days

117
Days

117
Days

117
Days

117
Days

117
Days

117
Days

LCS1

Deployed

Homeport

LCS3

Homeport

Deployed

Crew
101

LCS1

Off
Hull

LCS3

Crew
102

Off
Hull

LCS3

LCS1

Crew
103

LCS3

LCS1

Off
Hull

LCS1

LCS1

117
Days

Off
Hull

LCS3

Off
Hull

Off
Hull

LCS3

LCS1

Off
Hull

LCS3

LCS3

LCS1

Off
Hull

LCS3

LCS1

Deployed

Homeport

LCSforward

60120 days

30days

LCSCONUS

120210days

180days

ShiftLCStodedicatedcrews;basesomeintodaysoverseasSSCports

 Separatemissionpackages
fromLCSprogram
WholeMCMmissionpackage
WholeSUWmissionpackage
PartsofASWmissionpackage

Addnewmissionpackages
Electronicwarfare
Humanitarianassistance
Maritimesecurity

Considerexpandingnon
combatantfleet
Lessexpensiveoptionforsome
operationsinlowthreat
environments

 Challengesdemandanewapproachtosurfacewarfare

NetworkedfamilyofCG(X),DD(X),LCSnolongerviable
Accessthreatsincreasingdefensivedemandsonall surfacecombatants
Instabilitywillincreasedemandsfortraining,cooperationandsecurity
Budgetswillprecludenewdesigneduntil2030s

Navyhasopportunitytoimplementanewsurfacefleetconcept

FlightIIIDDG51
FollowonSSCandmodificationstoLCS
PhasedmodernizationofCGs
Newweaponsandsensors(LRASM,AMDRvariants,ESSMBlockII,SEWIP)
PotentialoftheNationalFleet

Surfacefleetmustrefocusonoffensiveseacontrol
CGsandDDGsequippedandavailabletodefeatenemyplatforms
RestoreabilityofSSCstodoescort,trainingandconstabularymissions

Restoringthesurfacefleetsabilitytogainseacontrol,protectnon
combatantships,trainalliesandpartners,andsecuresealanes