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BILGING &

PERMEABILITY
Flooding, damage stability calculations

Syllabus Requirements
Bilging a single compartments in a box-shaped

vessels.
Calculations include
Bilging of an empty midships compartment
Bilging of a midships compartment containing cargo
Bilging of either of the above with a watertight flat
Bilging of an empty side compartment
Bilging of an empty end compartments with or without a

watertight flat

Definition
Bilging

is the flooding of compartments which have been holed or


damaged.
Permeability ()
of a space is the proportion of the immersed volume of that
space which can be occupied by water.

Methods
Lost Buoyancy Method
Flooded compartment dose not supply buoyancy
Displacement dose not change
Centre of gravity remains the same
No free surface effect
Added Weight Method
Flooded compartment is part of the ship
Displacement changes
Centre of gravity changes
Free surface effect accounted for

LOST BUOYANCY
METHOD
Bilging of an empty midships compartment without
watertight flat

Bilging Amidships Compartment


When a vessel floats in still water it displaces its own

weight
B

L
B

Bilging Amidships Compartment


The buoyancy provided by the bilged compartment is lost.

The draft has increased and the vessel now floats at the

waterline W1L1displacing its own weight


The buoyancy is regained from intact compartments.
W1
W

L1
y

X
V

Bilging Amidships Compartment


X represents the increase in draft due to bilging.

The volume of lost buoyancy (v) is regained by the intact

volumes y and z.

W1
W

L1
y

X
V

Bilging Amidships Compartment


Let A be the area of the water-plane before bilging, and

let a be the area of the bilged compartment.

W
1
W

L1
y

Bilging Amidships Compartment


a

W1

L1
y

X
V

Example
A box shaped vessel 150m x 24m x 12m, even keel draft

of 5 m. GM 0.9m Bilges an amidships empty compartment


20m long. Find the new draft and new GM

Increase in draft =

20 x 24 x 5
(150 20) x 24

New draft = 5 + 0.77 = 5.77 m

= 0.77 m

Example
Although the position of G has not changed, the KM

certainly has:
With the increase in draft, the KB has increased.
With a loss in intact water plane area, the BM has
reduced
For ship shaped vessel
For box shaped vessel
KB= Simpsons Rules

LB3
BM=
12V =

LBBB
12 * L B d

1
2

B2
12d

Draft

Example

1 draft = 5/2 = 2.5 m


Old KB =
2
Old BM =

B2

12d

242
12 x 5

B
d

= 9.6 m

Old KM = Old KB + Old BM = (2.5 + 9.6) = 12.1 m

1
New KB =
2

New draft = 5.77 / 2 = 2.89 m


a

LB3
New BM =
12V
New BM =

(150 20) x 243


12 x 150 x 24 x5

= 8.32 m

Example
New KM = New KB + New BM = (2.89 + 8.32) = 11.21 m
Old KG = Old KM Old GM = 12.1 0.9 = 11.2 m
New GM = New KM Old KG = 11.21 11.2 = 0.01 m

G
B

Example 2
A box shaped vessel, length 90m, breadth 30m floats on

an even keel draught of 4.0m in saltwater, with a KG of


5m. An empty midship compartment 30m long is bilged.
Calculate the new draft, and the new GM

Example 2

L = 90 m, B = 30 m, d =4.0 m, KG =5 m
compartment = 30 m

Volume lost = 30m x 30m x 4m = 3600 m


Intact WPA = ( 90 m 30 m ) x 30m = 1800 m
Increase in draft = 3600 1800 = 2m.
The new draft = 4 + 2 = 6m.
KM1 = KB1 + BM1 = 2m + ( B2 12d )
KM1 = KB1 + BM1 = 2m + ( 30 x 30 12 x 4 ) = 20.75m
GM1 =KM1~ KG = 20.75 ~ 5 = 15.75m
KM2 = KB2 + BM2 = 3m + ( LB 12V )
KM2 = 3m + (( 60 x 30 x 30 x 30) (12 x 90 x 30 x 4 ))=15.5m
GM2 = KM2 ~ KG = 15.5m ~ 5m = 10.5m

LOST BUOYANCY
METHOD
Bilging of an empty midships compartment with a
watertight flat Below Water Line

Example
A box shaped barge is 90m long, 40m wide, she has three

equal sized holds with double bottoms, and is floating at a


mean draft of 5m. The empty midships double bottom
compartment 30m in length & 2m in depth is bilged.
Calculate the new draft and the change in GM.
W1

L1

Example
Increase in draft =

L = 90 m, B = 40 m, d =5.0 m,
compartment = 30 m x 2 m

30 x 40 x 2
= 0.666m
90 x 40

New draft = 5 + 0.666 = 5.666 m


W1

L1

W of

BUT: the new KB is not half the new draft as the centroids

buoyancy are not uniform above the keel for all


compartments.
So we must find the new KB by taking volumetric
moments about the keel.

L = 90 m, B = 40 m, d =5.0 m,
compartment = 30 m x 2 m

Example

KB (centroid V1) = 5.666 / 2 = 2.833 m

KB (centroid V3) = 5.666 / 2 = 2.833 m


Centroid V2 = (New draft Tank depth) / 2
Centroid V2 = (5.666 2) / 2 = 1.833
KB (V2) = 1.833 + 2 = 3.833 m
W1

L1

V2
V3

B2
B3

B1

V1

Example

L = 90 m, B = 40 m, d =5.0 m,
compartment = 30 m x 2 m

New KB by taking volumetric moments about the keel.

V1 = 30 x 40 x 5.666 = 6799.2 m KB = 2.833 m


V3 = 30 x 40 x 5.666 = 6799.2 m KB = 2.833 m
V2 = 30 x 40 x 3.666 = 4399.2 m KB = 3.833 m

W1

L1

V2
V3

V1

Example
Volume

KB

Moment

V1

6799.2 m

2.833 m

19,262.13 m

V2

6799.2 m

2.833 m

19,262.13 m

V3

4399.2 m

3.833 m

16,862.13 m

Total

17997.6 m

55386.39 m

New KB = Total moments Total volume.


New KB = 55386.39 17997.6 = 3.077 m
Full WPA intact no change in BM
change in GM = KB1 ~ KB2
change in GM = 2.5m ~ 3.077m = 0.577 m

INCREASE

G
B

LOST BUOYANCY
METHOD
Bilging of an empty midships compartment with a
watertight flat Above Water Line

Example
A box shaped barge is 90m long, 30m wide, she has three

equal sized holds with double bottoms, and is floating at a


mean draft of 5m. The empty midships double bottom
compartment 30m in length & 6 m in depth is bilged.
Calculate the new draft and the change in GM.
W1

L1

Example

L= 90m, B=30m, d=5m,


Compartment= 30m x 6m

When height of compartment is given and above water level calculate

sinkage by recoverable buoyancy method.


Buoyancy still to be recover = Lost buoyancy Recoverable Buoyancy
Volume of Lost Buoyancy = l x b x draft
Recoverable Buoyancy = ( L l ) x B x ( Depth Draft )

W1

L1

L= 90m, B=30m, d=5m,


Compartment= 30m x 6m

Example

Volume of Lost Buoyancy = l x b x draft


Volume lost = 30 x 30 x 5 = 4500m
Recoverable Buoyancy = ( L l ) x B x ( Depth Draft )
Volume recovered to the watertight flat = (90-30) x 30 x (6-5)= 1800m
Buoyancy still to be recover = Lost buoyancy Recoverable Buoyancy
Buoyancy still to be recover = 4500 1800= 2700 m
Volume still to recover @ a Full waterplane area intact = 2700 m
W1
W

L1
L

Example

L= 90m, B=30m, d=5m,


Compartment= 30m x 6m

Volume still to recover @ a Full waterplane area intact = 2700 m

Sinkage ABOVE 6m draft = 2700 90 x 30 = 1m


To find the Final Draft, add the Sinkage to Tanks height
New mean draft = 6 + 1 = 7m

L= 90m, B=30m, d=5m,


Compartment= 30m x 6m

Example OR 1

Volume of Lost Buoyancy = Volume of Gained Buoyancy


Volume lost = compartment Volume up to the draft
Volume lost = 30 x 30 x 5 = 4500m
Volume Gained = {L x B x increase in Draft (X)} {l x b x(6-5) depth-draft}
Volume Gained = 90 x 30 x (X) 30 x 30 x1
Volume Gained = 2700 (X) 900
Volume of Lost Buoyancy = Volume of Gained Buoyancy
4500 = 2700 (X) 900
increase in Draft (X) = 4500 + 900 / 2700 = 2 m
New mean draft = 5 + 2 = 7m
W1
W

L1
L

Example OR 2
Increase in draught =
TPC =

A 1.025
100

L= 90m, B=30m, d=5m,


Compartment= 30m x 6m

Extra mass of water


TPC
= 90 x 30 x 1.025 /100 = 27.675 t

Extra mass of water = 30 x 30 x 6 x 1.025 = 5535 t

Increase in draught = 5535 / 27.675 = 200 cm


New mean draft = 7 m

L= 90m, B=30m, d=5m,


Compartment= 30m x 6m
New draft = 7m

Example

New KB by taking volumetric moments about the keel.


KB (centroid V1) = 7 / 2 = 3.5 m
KB (centroid V3) = 7 / 2 = 3.5 m
Centroid V2 = (New draft Tank depth) / 2 =
Centroid V2 = (7 6) / 2 = 0.5
KB (V2) = 0.5 + 6 = 6.5 m
W1

L1
V2

W
V3

B3

B2

W
B1

V1

Example

L= 90m, B=30m, d=5m,


Compartment= 30m x 6m
New draft = 7m

new KB by taking volumetric moments about the keel.


V1 = 30 x 40 x 7 = 8,400 m KB = 3.5 m
V3 = 30 x 40 x 7 = 8,400 m KB = 3.5 m
V2 = 30 x 40 x 1 = 1,200 m KB = 6.5 m
W1

L1
V2

W
V3

W
V1

Example
Volume

KB

Moment

V1

8,400 m

3.5 m

29,400 m

V2

8,400 m

3.5 m

29,400 m

V3

1,200 m

6.5 m

7,800 m

Total

18,000 m

66,600 m

New KB = Total moments Total volume.


New KB = 66,600 18,000 = 3.7 m
Full WPA intact no change in BM
change in GM = KB1 ~ KB2
change in GM = 2.5m ~ 3.7m = 1.2 m INCREASE

G
B

PERMEABILITY ( )

Permeability ( )
Permeability () of a space is the proportion of the
immersed volume of that space which can be occupied by
water.

Permeability ( )

After calculating Effective length always use this length

for tanks length.

Example
A box shaped vessel, length 60m, breadth 20m, is floating

at an even keel draught of 4m. A compartment midships is


20m long and contains cargo with a permeability of 30%.
Calculate the new draft and change in GM if this
compartment is bilged.

Example

L=60 m, B=20 m, d=4 m


Compartment = 20 m 30%

Effective length of compartment = 20 x 0.3 = 6m.


Effective length of waterplane = 60 6 = 54m.

Sinkage = Lost volume IWPA


Sinkage = ( 6 x 20 x 4) ( 54 x 20 ) = 480 1080 = 0.4m
New draft = 4 + 0.4 = 4.4m
change in GM = KM1 ~ KM2

As both the KB and the BM have changed

Example 2
A box shaped barge is 90m x 30m with an initial mean

draft of 4m,she has a midships compartment 30m in


length bilged.
The compartment is tightly stowed with grain.
R.D. of grain = 0.95 t/m.
The stowage factor of the cargo = 1.46 m/tonne.
Calculate the new draft.

Example 2

L=90 m, B=30 m, d=4 m


Compartment = 30 m
R.D= 0.95 t/m, SF =1.46 m/tonne

Solid S.F = 1 0.95 = 1.05 m/t.

Broken stowage = 1.46 ~ 1.05 = 0.41 m/t

( permeability ) = 0.41 1.46 = 28%

Example 2

L=90 m, B=30 m, d=4 m


Compartment = 30 m
R.D= 0.95 t/m, SF =1.46 m/tonne

( permeability ) = 0.41 1.46 = 28%

Effective length of compartment = 30 x 0.28 = 8.4m

Effective length of waterplane = 90 8.4 = 81.6m


Sinkage = lost volume IWPA
Sinkage = ( 8.4 x 30 x 4 ) ( 81.6 x 30 ) = 1008 2448 = 0.41m
New draft = 4.41m.

BILGING OF AN EMPTY
SIDE COMPARTMENT

Introduction
When a compartment in a

ship is bilged the buoyancy


provided by that
compartment is lost.
This causes the centre of
buoyancy of the ship to
move directly away from the
centre of the lost buoyancy
and,
unless the centre of gravity
of the compartment is on the
ship's centre line, a listing
moment will be created,

Introduction
the ship will sink to the waterline W1L1.

That is, the lost buoyancy is made good by


the layer between WL and W1L1.
The centre of buoyancy will move from B to
B1, directly away from the centre of gravity
of the lost buoyancy, and
the distance BB1 is equal to w * d / W
where w represents the lost buoyancy and
d represents the distance between the
ship's centre of buoyancy and the centre of
the lost buoyancy.
The shift in the centre of buoyancy
produces a listing moment.

Let be the resultant list.

Tan = GX / XM
= BB1 / XM

where XM represents the initial metacentric


height for the bilged condition.

Second moments of area


Moments of inertia
The tendency of a body to resist acceleration; the

tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in


straight line motion to stay in motion in a straight line
unless acted on by an outside force.
To find the second moment of a rectangle about one of its

sides.
LB3
I side=
3
To find the second moment of a rectangle about an axis
parallel to one of its sides and passing through the
centroid.
LB3
LB3
I
I centroid =
BM =
= 12 V
12
V

The parallel axes theorem


the moment of inertia about any axis passing through the
centroid of a water plane area is equal to the moment of
inertia of the same water plane area about any parallel
axis, minus the area of the water plane multiplied by the
distance between the axes squared.

L
I

F
d

B
2

I
X

The parallel axes theorem


L
I

F
d

B
2

I
X

The moment of inertia about the axis II (which passes through


the centre of flotation)
is equal to the moment of inertia about the axis XX minus the
product of the water plane area and the distance between the
axes squared
III = Ixx - (A X d2)

The parallel axes theorem


A box-shaped vessel has length 20 m and breadth 6 m.
LB3
III =
= 20 * 6 * 6 * 6 / 12 = 360 m4
12
LB3
Ixx= 3 = 20 * 6 * 6 * 6 / 3 = 1440 m4

OR III = Ixx - (A X d2)


III = 1440 - (20 * 6 * 3 * 3) = 360 m4
L
I

B
2

bilged side compartment


When an amidships side compartment extending upwards
the full depth of the vessel becomes bilged the centre of
flotation (F) will move off the centre line (F 1) , its new
position with reference to side XX (axis XX) may be
calculated by taking moments of area about one side. This
will give the distance, d, between the two axes to be
considered.

bilged side compartment


When an amidships side compartment extending upwards the
full depth of the vessel becomes bilged
The centre of flotation (F) will move off the centre line (F 1) its
new position with reference to side XX (axis XX) may be
calculated by taking moments of area about one side.
This will give the distance, d, between the two axes to be
considered.
L
I

F1

F
X

X
l

bilged side compartment


In order to calculate the BM in the bilged condition it will be
necessary to calculate the new value of the transverse
moment of inertia of the remaining intact water plane area
about the new longitudinal axis of rotation passing through
the new position of the centre of flotation (about axis II).
This is achieved by using the parallel axis theorem.
L
I

F1

F
X

X
l

bilged side compartment


Ixx=

LB3
3

lb3
3

lb3
3

III = Ixx - (A X d2)

A = LB lb

III ={

LB3
3

} - {(LB lb) * d2}


L

F1

F
X

X
l

Example
A box shaped vessel has length 96 m and breadth 18 m

and floats at an even keel draught of 4.6 m and KG 5.80


m in salt water. An amidships side compartment of length
24 m extending in from the side 6 m is bilged. Calculate:
(a) the initial BM value;
(b) the BM in the damaged condition.
(c) the New draft
(d) the angle of list when this compartment becomes
bilged.
L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m
BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list

the initial BM value


L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m
BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list

In the intact condition BM =

I
V

LB3
=
12 V

BM = (96 * 18 * 18 * 18) / (12 * 96 * 4.6 )


BM

initial

= 5.870 m

BM in the damaged Condition


L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m
BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list
3
LB3
lb
III ={
}
{(
LB lb) * d2}
3
3
Calculate the distance of the new CF from one side of the
WPA (XX)
Take moments of area about side XX

L
I

F1

F
X

X
l

BM in the damaged Condition


L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m
BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list

LB3
lb3
III ={ 3 - 3 } - {(LB lb)
Take moments of area about side XX
Area m2

* d2}

Dist. from XX m

Moment

Total Area

96 * 18

15552

24 * 6

432

1584

9.545

15120

Bilged Area

Total

L
I

F1

F
X

X
l

BM in the damaged Condition


L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m
BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list
d (XX-II) =9.545m

III ={

lb3
LB3
3
3
96 * 183
3

III ={
III = 40582 m4

} - {(LB lb) * d2}


24 * 63
}
{(
96 *18 24*6) *9.545 2}
3
L

F1

F
X

X
l

BM in the damaged Condition


L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m
BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list
d (XX-II) =9.545m, III=40582m4

I
V

BM =
BMdamaged =

40582
96 * 18 * 4.6

= 5.105 m

Using the lost buoyancy (constant displacement) method the volume of


displacement remains constant
L
I

F1

F
X

X
l

the New draft


L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m
BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list
d (XX-II) =9.545m, III=40582m4 BMdamaged=5.105 m

Volume of buoyancy lost = volume of buoyancy gained


Let x = sinkage
24 * 6 * 4.6 = {(96 * 18) (24 * 6) }x
662.4 = 1584 x
X = 0.418 m
New draft = 4.6 + .418 = 5.018 m

angle of list

L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m


BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list
d (XX-II) =9.545m, III=40582m4 BMdamaged=5.105 m
new draft = 5.018 m

Because of the symmetry of a box-shaped vessel BBH is

equal to the movement of the centre of flotation off the


centre line (FF1) that is found by taking moments of area
of the water plane area about one edge
D
M
Q

Vertical
distance
G to M

G
BH

angle of list
Find GM
KB

L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m


BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list
d (XX-II) =9.545m, III=40582m4 BMdamaged=5.105 m
new draft = 5.018 m

Bilged

= draft bilged / 2
KB bilged = 5.018 / 2 = 2.509 m
KM Bilged = KB bilged + BM bilged
KM Bilged = 2.509 + 5.105 = 7.614 m
GM Bilged = KM Bilged KG (constant)
GM Bilged = 7.614 5.8 = 1.814 m
bilged

L= 96m, B = 18m, draft=4.6m, KG=5.8m, l= 24m, b=6m


BM initial and damaged, New draft, Angle of list
d (XX-II) =9.545m, III=40582m4 BMdamaged=5.105 m
new draft = 5.018 m, GM Bilged =1.814 m

angle of list

Since the CF has moved of the centre line by an amount

equal to: 9.545 -9.0 = 0.545 m


BBH is also equal to 0.545 m.
Tan list =0.545 / 1.814 = 0.30044
list = 16.7
L
I

F1

F
X

X
l

SQA July 2006


A box shaped vessel floating upright on an even keel in

salt water has the following particulars:


LengthBP: 150.00m Breadth: 28.00m Even keel draught:
8.60m KG: 9.20m
The vessel has two longitudinal bulkheads each 9.00m
from the side of the vessel.
Calculate the angle of heel if an amidship side
compartment 24.00m is bilged.
List = 12.5

Wallsided Formula

SMALL HEEL ANGLES ( < 6 )


M

B1

GZ = GM Sin

At large angles of heel?


GZ = (GM + MM1) Sin

or : GZ = Sin (GM + MM1)

and : MM1 = BM x Tan


So : GZ = ?

M1
M

B1

Wallsided Formula
GZ = Sin ( GM + MM1 ) and : MM1 = BM x Tan
So : GZ = Sin ( GM + BM x Tan )
M1
M

Z
B1

Righting Moment

Righting moment = GZ Sine

Use of the Wallsided Formula


Used when angle of heel is > 6 degrees
Only to be used on wallsided vessels with sides

that are parallel


Only valid up to the Angle of deck edge Immersion

BILGING OF AN EMPTY END


COMPARTMENTS WITH OR
WITHOUT A WATERTIGHT
FLAT

Bilging of an End Compartment


The loss of buoyancy at the end of the vessel causes:

The draft will increase


B will move vertically up to BV
but also longitudinally to BH
LCF will Move to the centre of the waterplan area

L
W1
W

L1

F1
F

BV
BH

L
B
l

Bilging of an End Compartment


G and B are no longer in a vertical line causing a trimming

lever BBH
trimming moment = W x BBH

L
W1
W

L1

F1
F

BV
BH

L
B
l

Bilging of an End Compartment

MCTC

WL2
G
F
Vol gained
WL2

x GML
MCTC =
100 x LBP

BV
BH

B1

Vol Lost
b

GML is for the bilged condition.


L is the full length of the vessel as the vessel
trims and sinks over the whole length.
If the KG is not given the question then:
Because B1 and G are very close to each other
then BML may be used instead of GML
This assumption must be stated

Example

6m
WL2

30 m

F
Vol gained
BV
BH

G
B

Vol Lost
b

4m

WL2

3m

A box shaped vessel Length 30 m, Breadth 6 m, is floating on


an even keel draft of 4m in salt water. KG 2.00 m.
Calculate the drafts F and A if an empty forward end
compartment of length 3 m and full beam is bilged.


6m
WL2

30 m

L=30m, B=6m, d=4m, KG=2m, l=3m

G
F

Vol gained
BV
BH

Vol Lost
B

b
3m

Volume
Initial (constant)

L x B x d
30 x 6 x 4
30 x 6 x 4 x 1.025

Vol
Bilged
Comp
x

Sinkage =
IWPA
Sinkage = 3 x 6 x 4 x 1
[(30 3) x 6]

0.444 m

=720 m3
=738 t

4m

WL2

G
F

BV
BH

Vol Lost
B

4m

L=30m, B=6m, d=4m, KG=2m, l=3m


TMDBilged= 4.444m, BBH = 1.5m
Vol gained
= 738 t
WL

6m
WL2

30 m

3m

Initial draft
Sinkage
Bilged TMD

4.000
0.444
4.444

Horizontal shift of B (BBH) = L comp


2

3 =1.5 m aft
2


6m
WL2

30 m
G
F

BV
BH

Vol Lost
B

4m

L=30m, B=6m, d=4m, KG=2m, l=3m


Vol gained
TMDBilged= 4.444m, BBH = 1.5m
= 738 t, Trimming Moment =1107 tm WL

3m

Trimming Moment =

w x s

Trimming Moment = x BBH


738 x 1.5
MCTC

x GML
100 x L

1107 tm by head


6m
WL2

30 m
G
F

BV
BH

Vol Lost
B

b
3m

Bilged KB =

d
2

4.444
2

Bilged BML

IL
V

L 3B
12 V

2.222 m

273 x 6 13.669 m
(12 x 720)

4m

L=30m, B=6m, d=4m, KG=2m, l=3m


TMDBilged= 4.444m, BBH = 1.5m
Vol gained
= 738 t, Trimming Moment =1107 tm WL
Bilged KB = 2.222 m,
Bilged BML13.669 m

Bilged KB
Bilged BML
Bilged KML
KG
Bilged GML

2.222
13.669
15.891
2.000
13.891

6m
WL2

30 m
G
F

BV
BH

Vol Lost
B

b
3m

4m

L=30m, B=6m, d=4m, KG=2m, l=3m


TMDBilged= 4.444m, BBH = 1.5m
Vol gained
= 738 t, Trimming Moment =1107 tm
WL
Bilged KB = 2.222 m,
Bilged BML13.669 m
Bilged GML13.891 m

MCTC

6m
WL2

30 m
G
F

BV
BH

Vol Lost
b

3m

x GML
100 x LBP
738 x 13.891 = 3.417
(100 x 30)

Trim Mom = 1107 = 324.0 cm by head


CoT=
3.417
MCTC

4m

L=30m, B=6m, d=4m, KG=2m, l=3m


TMDBilged= 4.444m, BBH = 1.5m
= 738 t, Trimming Moment =1107 tm
Vol gained
Bilged KB = 2.222 m,
WL
Bilged BML13.669 m
Bilged GML13.891 m
CoT = 324.0 cm


6m
WL2

30 m
G
F

BV
BH

Vol Lost
b

3m

Proportion trim LCF not midships


LCF
= 15 1.5 = 13.5 m foap
CoTA

CoT
x
LCF
3.24
x
13.5
1.458
=
=
=
LBP
30

CoTF

= 3.240 1.458 = 1.782

4m

L=30m, B=6m, d=4m, KG=2m, l=3m


TMDBilged= 4.444m, BBH = 1.5m
= 738 t, Trimming Moment =1107 tm
Vol gained
Bilged KB = 2.222 m,
WL
Bilged BML13.669 m
Bilged GML13.891 m
CoT = 324.0 cm


6m
WL2

30 m
G
F
Vol gained
Vol Lost
B

b
3m

Find drafts F & A


Fwd
Bilged TMD
4.444
CoTF/A
+ 1.782
Bilged Draft
6.226

Aft
4.444
- 1.458
2.986

4m

BV
BH

WL2

March 2010
A box shaped vessel floating on even keel in dock water

of RD 1.015 has the following particulars:


Length 130.00m Breadth 21.00m
Draught 8.000m MCTC (salt water) 300
There is an empty watertight forward end compartment,
length 10.00m, height 6.70m, extending the full width of
the vessel.
Calculate the draughts forward and aft, if this
compartment is bilged.

March 2010
Volume before bilging = 130 x 21 x 8 = 21840 m3

Displacement before bilging = 21840 x 1.015 = 22167.6 t


Permeability of the bilged compartment = 1.00
Volume of the compartment = 10 x 21 x 6.70 = 1407 m3
Intact water plane area = 130 x 21 = 2730 m2

Sinkage caused to bilging = 1407 / 2730 = 0.515m


Bilged TMD = 8.000 + 0.515 = 8.515m

March 2010
What If MCTC and KG NOT GIVEN?
Intact water plan area & BML same

x GML
MCTC =
100 x LBP
BML may be used instead of GML
This assumption must be stated

March 2010
What If MCTC NOT GIVEN But KG is given?
KB = take the moment about the keel
Intact water plan area & BML same

x GML
MCTC =
100 x LBP
Calculate and use GML

March 2010
Bilged TMD = 8.000 + 0.515 = 8.515m

Volume (m3)
130 x 21 x 8.515

Distance from AP Moments (m4)


(m)
65.0
1510986.75

() 1407

125.0

() 175875

21838.95

61.134

1335111.75

BBH = 65 61.134 = 3.866m


Trimming Moment = 22167.6 x 3.866 x 1.025= 85699.94 tm by

forward

March 2010

COT =

22167.6 1.025
= 288.5cm
300 1.015

Intact water plan area


height of compartment = 6.70m

Bilged TMD = 8.515m


LCF unchanged amidship
Ta=Tf= 288.5 / 2 = 144.3 cm
Draught Fwd = 8. 515 +1.443 = 9.958 m
Draught Aft = 8. 515 - 1.443 = 7.072 m

Counter measures in the event of flooding


Close all water tight doors.

Use of ships pumps to remove water from the flooded

compartment.
Take measures to restrict ingress of water (other vessel to
stay in place initially and / or use of patch)
Cross flooding ballasting the other side of the vessel to
bring the ship upright (movement of weights may also be
considered).
Ballasting or movement of weight to raise the damaged
area of the hull above the water line.

Counter measures in the event of flooding


Removal of weight, particularly from the upper parts of the

vessel (empty swimming pool).


consider beaching.
Throughout the above, reference should be made to the
stability data on-board providing guidance for such
circumstances.
In addition the SMS should be brought into operation. This
usually involves informing ship owners of the situation and
gaining access to advice from experts associated with
Classification society and / or salvage association.

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