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PERMEABILITY
Flooding, damage stability calculations
Syllabus Requirements
Bilging a single compartments in a box-shaped
vessels.
Calculations include
Bilging of an empty midships compartment
Bilging of a midships compartment containing cargo
Bilging of either of the above with a watertight flat
Bilging of an empty side compartment
Bilging of an empty end compartments with or without a
watertight flat
Definition
Bilging
Methods
Lost Buoyancy Method
Flooded compartment dose not supply buoyancy
Displacement dose not change
Centre of gravity remains the same
No free surface effect
Added Weight Method
Flooded compartment is part of the ship
Displacement changes
Centre of gravity changes
Free surface effect accounted for
LOST BUOYANCY
METHOD
Bilging of an empty midships compartment without
watertight flat
weight
B
L
B
The draft has increased and the vessel now floats at the
L1
y
X
V
volumes y and z.
W1
W
L1
y
X
V
W
1
W
L1
y
W1
L1
y
X
V
Example
A box shaped vessel 150m x 24m x 12m, even keel draft
Increase in draft =
20 x 24 x 5
(150 20) x 24
= 0.77 m
Example
Although the position of G has not changed, the KM
certainly has:
With the increase in draft, the KB has increased.
With a loss in intact water plane area, the BM has
reduced
For ship shaped vessel
For box shaped vessel
KB= Simpsons Rules
LB3
BM=
12V =
LBBB
12 * L B d
1
2
B2
12d
Draft
Example
B2
12d
242
12 x 5
B
d
= 9.6 m
1
New KB =
2
LB3
New BM =
12V
New BM =
= 8.32 m
Example
New KM = New KB + New BM = (2.89 + 8.32) = 11.21 m
Old KG = Old KM Old GM = 12.1 0.9 = 11.2 m
New GM = New KM Old KG = 11.21 11.2 = 0.01 m
G
B
Example 2
A box shaped vessel, length 90m, breadth 30m floats on
Example 2
L = 90 m, B = 30 m, d =4.0 m, KG =5 m
compartment = 30 m
LOST BUOYANCY
METHOD
Bilging of an empty midships compartment with a
watertight flat Below Water Line
Example
A box shaped barge is 90m long, 40m wide, she has three
L1
Example
Increase in draft =
L = 90 m, B = 40 m, d =5.0 m,
compartment = 30 m x 2 m
30 x 40 x 2
= 0.666m
90 x 40
L1
W of
BUT: the new KB is not half the new draft as the centroids
L = 90 m, B = 40 m, d =5.0 m,
compartment = 30 m x 2 m
Example
L1
V2
V3
B2
B3
B1
V1
Example
L = 90 m, B = 40 m, d =5.0 m,
compartment = 30 m x 2 m
W1
L1
V2
V3
V1
Example
Volume
KB
Moment
V1
6799.2 m
2.833 m
19,262.13 m
V2
6799.2 m
2.833 m
19,262.13 m
V3
4399.2 m
3.833 m
16,862.13 m
Total
17997.6 m
55386.39 m
INCREASE
G
B
LOST BUOYANCY
METHOD
Bilging of an empty midships compartment with a
watertight flat Above Water Line
Example
A box shaped barge is 90m long, 30m wide, she has three
L1
Example
W1
L1
Example
L1
L
Example
Example OR 1
L1
L
Example OR 2
Increase in draught =
TPC =
A 1.025
100
Example
L1
V2
W
V3
B3
B2
W
B1
V1
Example
L1
V2
W
V3
W
V1
Example
Volume
KB
Moment
V1
8,400 m
3.5 m
29,400 m
V2
8,400 m
3.5 m
29,400 m
V3
1,200 m
6.5 m
7,800 m
Total
18,000 m
66,600 m
G
B
PERMEABILITY ( )
Permeability ( )
Permeability () of a space is the proportion of the
immersed volume of that space which can be occupied by
water.
Permeability ( )
Example
A box shaped vessel, length 60m, breadth 20m, is floating
Example
Example 2
A box shaped barge is 90m x 30m with an initial mean
Example 2
Example 2
BILGING OF AN EMPTY
SIDE COMPARTMENT
Introduction
When a compartment in a
Introduction
the ship will sink to the waterline W1L1.
Tan = GX / XM
= BB1 / XM
sides.
LB3
I side=
3
To find the second moment of a rectangle about an axis
parallel to one of its sides and passing through the
centroid.
LB3
LB3
I
I centroid =
BM =
= 12 V
12
V
L
I
F
d
B
2
I
X
F
d
B
2
I
X
B
2
F1
F
X
X
l
F1
F
X
X
l
LB3
3
lb3
3
lb3
3
A = LB lb
III ={
LB3
3
F1
F
X
X
l
Example
A box shaped vessel has length 96 m and breadth 18 m
I
V
LB3
=
12 V
initial
= 5.870 m
L
I
F1
F
X
X
l
LB3
lb3
III ={ 3 - 3 } - {(LB lb)
Take moments of area about side XX
Area m2
* d2}
Dist. from XX m
Moment
Total Area
96 * 18
15552
24 * 6
432
1584
9.545
15120
Bilged Area
Total
L
I
F1
F
X
X
l
III ={
lb3
LB3
3
3
96 * 183
3
III ={
III = 40582 m4
F1
F
X
X
l
I
V
BM =
BMdamaged =
40582
96 * 18 * 4.6
= 5.105 m
F1
F
X
X
l
angle of list
Vertical
distance
G to M
G
BH
angle of list
Find GM
KB
Bilged
= draft bilged / 2
KB bilged = 5.018 / 2 = 2.509 m
KM Bilged = KB bilged + BM bilged
KM Bilged = 2.509 + 5.105 = 7.614 m
GM Bilged = KM Bilged KG (constant)
GM Bilged = 7.614 5.8 = 1.814 m
bilged
angle of list
F1
F
X
X
l
Wallsided Formula
B1
GZ = GM Sin
M1
M
B1
Wallsided Formula
GZ = Sin ( GM + MM1 ) and : MM1 = BM x Tan
So : GZ = Sin ( GM + BM x Tan )
M1
M
Z
B1
Righting Moment
L
W1
W
L1
F1
F
BV
BH
L
B
l
lever BBH
trimming moment = W x BBH
L
W1
W
L1
F1
F
BV
BH
L
B
l
MCTC
WL2
G
F
Vol gained
WL2
x GML
MCTC =
100 x LBP
BV
BH
B1
Vol Lost
b
Example
6m
WL2
30 m
F
Vol gained
BV
BH
G
B
Vol Lost
b
4m
WL2
3m
6m
WL2
30 m
G
F
Vol gained
BV
BH
Vol Lost
B
b
3m
Volume
Initial (constant)
L x B x d
30 x 6 x 4
30 x 6 x 4 x 1.025
Vol
Bilged
Comp
x
Sinkage =
IWPA
Sinkage = 3 x 6 x 4 x 1
[(30 3) x 6]
0.444 m
=720 m3
=738 t
4m
WL2
G
F
BV
BH
Vol Lost
B
4m
6m
WL2
30 m
3m
Initial draft
Sinkage
Bilged TMD
4.000
0.444
4.444
3 =1.5 m aft
2
6m
WL2
30 m
G
F
BV
BH
Vol Lost
B
4m
3m
Trimming Moment =
w x s
x GML
100 x L
1107 tm by head
6m
WL2
30 m
G
F
BV
BH
Vol Lost
B
b
3m
Bilged KB =
d
2
4.444
2
Bilged BML
IL
V
L 3B
12 V
2.222 m
273 x 6 13.669 m
(12 x 720)
4m
Bilged KB
Bilged BML
Bilged KML
KG
Bilged GML
2.222
13.669
15.891
2.000
13.891
6m
WL2
30 m
G
F
BV
BH
Vol Lost
B
b
3m
4m
MCTC
6m
WL2
30 m
G
F
BV
BH
Vol Lost
b
3m
x GML
100 x LBP
738 x 13.891 = 3.417
(100 x 30)
4m
6m
WL2
30 m
G
F
BV
BH
Vol Lost
b
3m
CoT
x
LCF
3.24
x
13.5
1.458
=
=
=
LBP
30
CoTF
4m
6m
WL2
30 m
G
F
Vol gained
Vol Lost
B
b
3m
Aft
4.444
- 1.458
2.986
4m
BV
BH
WL2
March 2010
A box shaped vessel floating on even keel in dock water
March 2010
Volume before bilging = 130 x 21 x 8 = 21840 m3
March 2010
What If MCTC and KG NOT GIVEN?
Intact water plan area & BML same
x GML
MCTC =
100 x LBP
BML may be used instead of GML
This assumption must be stated
March 2010
What If MCTC NOT GIVEN But KG is given?
KB = take the moment about the keel
Intact water plan area & BML same
x GML
MCTC =
100 x LBP
Calculate and use GML
March 2010
Bilged TMD = 8.000 + 0.515 = 8.515m
Volume (m3)
130 x 21 x 8.515
() 1407
125.0
() 175875
21838.95
61.134
1335111.75
forward
March 2010
COT =
22167.6 1.025
= 288.5cm
300 1.015
compartment.
Take measures to restrict ingress of water (other vessel to
stay in place initially and / or use of patch)
Cross flooding ballasting the other side of the vessel to
bring the ship upright (movement of weights may also be
considered).
Ballasting or movement of weight to raise the damaged
area of the hull above the water line.