Τζιροπούλου - Αρχαία Ελληνική Γλώσσα Α' Κύκλος Σπουδών 15-ΕΩΣ-ΤΕΛΟΣ

4
1aox(!a:r:'YJ~
158
I~~~
I , '..
MA8HMA 150v
Ma61]'ux 150v
nE~t
MovoOEia'tuerov 'Avnl..tl'tVE(oV
(B' EVO't'l'J~)
""0 e;etJT:e'iV aovvarov, roiho em:lv 0 (}eO~"
ZHNIJN ('EMa, K. 'haALa, E' at. xX)

" ... 8EOV eIVaL ~wov &:Suva'tOv, AOYL%OV, 'tEAELOV ..
ElvaL 6E 'tov IlEV 6'l'JIlLO'UQYOV OAWV."
01 ETIJIKOI
" ...'tov %OO'IlOV 'tQLXW~ eIVaL Myo'UO'L, au'tov 'tE 'tOV SEOV %aL 'tOV
E% Tfi~ cmuO''l'J~ OUO'La~ L6LOltOLOV, o~ 6" (i<llSaQ'to~ EO''tL %aL &:YEVV'l'J'to~, 6'l'JIlLO'UQYO~ rov 'tfj~ 6La%oO'Il~O'EW~.. &:vaALO'%WV EL~ Ea'U'tov 't"v
altaO'av oUO'Lav %aL ltUALV E~ au 'toil yEVVWV ... 'tov 6" %OO'IlOV
OL%ELO'SaL %a't<l voilv %aL ltQovOLav, EL~ altav au'toil IlEQO~ 6L~%OV
'tO~ 'toil voil, %as' altEQ EqJ' f)IlWV 'tfj~ 'lj)'\)xfj~ ... %aL Eva eIVaL 'tov
%OO'lloV, %aL 'toil'tOV ltEltEQaO'IlEvov, O'xfjlla ExoV'ta O'qJaLQOEL6E~... "
(l:ovwa~, Afjfl,fl,a ",,6afl,o~").
OMHPOE (E 445) (IIQooEvXctaL (, va'Uayo~ 'Ob'UOOEV~):

"KAilSL, ava~, O'tL~ EO'O'L' ltOAVAALO''tOV be if L%UVW".
159
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EAAHNIKH! rAO!!H!
APXIAOXOI (IIugo 80 at.)

""'g au, IIa'teQ au, aou ,rev oUQavou xQa'to~, aU b' EQi en'
av8Q<1m;oov (,Qd~ AeooQYa. xal. 8e,.uma, aol. bE 8'Y1QLOOV, u~Q~ 'te xal.
bLX'YI flEAeL." (Moan. 87)
TEPHANAPOI (70 ai.. Aeaf3o)

n '"
(ALa) n:aV'toov aQxav, n:aV'toov ayiJ'toQa." (Moan. 1)
AIIXYAOI (525-456 nX)

"ZdJ~ ea'tl.v at8~Q, Zev~ bE yfj, Zev~ b' oUQav6~, Zev~ 'to.
n:aV'ta... " (Moan. 588)
"Z
' "omL~ n:OL-emLV...
, " " ( =Z
' "On:OLO~ XaL'"
'" ...)
eu~,
e'U~,
av eLVaL
(AI'AMEMNQN, crt. 160)
"0 au~, omL~ (, au~, ou ya.Q o1ba, n:A~V A6ycp xAVoov."
(EvglJt. MEAavimtT) M. 484)
"omL~ n:o'tE e1
au.
(TgroU<')EC;- 883)
HAATUN (427-347)
"Tov
,rev o-ov IIoL'YI't~v xal. IIa'tEQa n:aV'to~ elJQeLV 'te EQYOV...
e~ n:aV'ta~
aMva'tov MyeLV" . (nflaLO~ 28 C)
HINAAPOI (8ijf3m518 ~ 522 nX -... )

"TL 8e6~; O,'tL 'to n:dv... "
KAEAN@HI (f.tae1ft~ Z~vrovo 40 ai.. nX)

"OME 'tL YLyve'taL en:l. X80VL, aou bLXa".
160
MA9HMA 150v
Eu
fJ' e:rd~aLve a:tQam1'ou,

1l0UVOV &' eaoQa xoallOLo 1''U3to)'t~V aeuva1'ov.
IIaAaLo~ fJe A.6yo~ 3teQL 1'ov1'o'U <paeLVeL.
Et~ Eal'" alho1'eA~~, au'tOu fJE U3tO 3tuV't'a 1'eAeL1'aL,
ev fJ' au1'oi~ au1'o~ 3teQLvf.aae1'aL
oME 1'L~ au1'ov etaoQua 'ljJ'UXWV SVT]1'WV,
vlP fJ' etaoQu1'aL.
Au1'o~ fJ' e; ayaSwv, SVT]'tOi~ xaxov
oux em1'EAAeL avSQd)3tOL~.
APIETOTEAHE (384-322 3t.x.)

" ... oux Ea1'LV (lAAO IlEyeSo~, fJLO: 1'0 1'0: 1'Qf.a 3tuV't'a eIVaL xaL 1'0
TQL~ 3tuV't'U. KaSu3teQ YO:Q <paaL xaL 01, II'USayoQeLoL, 1'0 3tUV xaL 1'0:
3tClv1'a 'tOi~ 1'QLaLv roQLa1'aL. "I
(lIeeL Oueavou)
""Hv xaL eO'TLV 0 'tOMe 'tOU 3taV't'o~ fJT]IlLO'UQYO~ 0 Seo~... 0 Seo~

boxei 1'WV ahf.oov 3tUO'LV elvaL xaL aQX~ ... "
(MeTa. Ta. UOLXa.)
"~allev fJE 1'OV 8eov elvaL twov aOOLOV, (lQLO'TOV, roa1'e too~ xaL
atwv O"lJvex~~ U3tuQxeL 1'lP SelP ... "
" ...1'0 Seiov ... 1'oaou1'ov xaL 1'OLOU1'OV ea1'L roO'S' alla 3tUV't'a
OQUV xaL 3tuV't'a axoveLV xaL 3taV't'axou 3taQeLVaL. "
(3evO(prov, ~La.AOYO~ ~roxea.TOU~ xaL '1\eLO"toMU,LOu)
"8eov fJ' eIVaL tlPov aSuva't'ov, AOYLXOV, 1'EAeLOV ~ VOEQOV Ev

eufJaLllovf.<;;t, xaxou 3taV't'o~ ave3tf.fJex'tOv, 3tQOVOT]1'LXOV xoallO'U 1'e
1. "...ltUVTCllV aexeL TWV UgL81lwV ~ TQL<l~, ro~ ugXTJ T'U'YXuvouoa 'twv ltegt TWV
ltUVTroV." (I. AuM~, 44 FlO}
"..ltiiv.. TgL<lllLXQV ocpeLAeL eLvm". ('Eg!l8ta~ e~ lIM'trovo~ amgov, 248.44, F)
161
ADO~:I&11A~ ).DX ~q 5101 '5930 50ri'll 5~1~3q
Z91
~,l'
"
Y~ 5101 '5Dri<!JX ,1DX
11~ lDX .50xhOJ1' ~ 5001l0'OD ~ 50'tDtb~XOAIlX 51O't't'9 lDX 50't'3q

-9 XOOX ~ 51th
lDX 'Aollriri90x ~q 51D1<!J1DIl0't h
'5'}30 5!lotf
510m
Y~
51D1J tbri3W ~q D}ql 'o(l)qg. ~1 510J11'M1V 5101 A~A10X 1DD2qt
A~ri 01!l01 101JD)I '1.1'DQI} 101.11'')-)..lV 1'DX 10ct1' 1'DOO~II 1'DX !>0310
-1031' 1010')-00V. 1'DX 1.1l1,"{~cI> 101AI}"{"{ct)l1'DX no~rlH, 531'OJ81V 1'DX

IlAl}w ~Q 53)..')-0cI> '1.1AOX~ 5Q.0.1'.}'D 508AlI? U1~l"DOQ
'1Q1~,,{9r1'DZ 53x!>oe 1'DX 53.1AO')-8 UX~A1XlI? A~rI 1'D8')-X~ '10ctO~

-JrlOA 'D,,{,,{I> 10,,{,{I> 1'DX 1OX'DO~.110 0rJ).. 10 ,,{,{O1' ,13Xi1 50)..n AQ;>38 1031'
q A01'Dg~g A~Q'.}O 5 51.110QJActO 'D.101"{~rI A.1 5'DOMrI~1'q, ~ 1.1<] '513'{X9 r11 .L 531A'D1't> A(!.OX'.}O :'WI.L
''D.1ct'D101 'D.11'DX
"
'ACO')-"{X oo)..9"{ AI,t"{lt ''DQ10 0l!).. '.}o '5,)-3Z q 5110<] '5,)-3Z

, A1"{~lt 1'DX
'A9 3 8 (!.o)..1,t ,QA9 1 ''DAl!.Z 3~1r19A A01(!.0.1
~51'D,,{~x)..lI? A~ 5I'DO)..q, ,SAOXil ~10~lt Al!.J..1'DX

'DO~Sl'D A0013ltI> ,QA91 (!.oc\tq, M?1 5!>oq
'ctOA
-~rlO~'D10ll,OO'Dlt 319.1 (!.01'.}'D AOOctOXI>
'UJ..n 10 ~1A(!.OXOQ
rJ1 'ACO.1~rI
-'D0Q AQ;>1 5'DJ30X 5l!.1 5lLo')-0)..13lt~ A,!QlI,rI '5l1,QJlt10'.}3 q A'D19ltq'"
(LVI
'A(l)A~Z';I.(J3DV ''\01 V)
II
II
***
'A'DOOQ~ltll? '501l1,1913xl0 50A11 lOA3r19X~ '5'DJoo)..lI,oOOlt
5'D,,{,{I> 5rJ.11'DX ~Q 5coJorlq ,Al!.A 513 AI,t1 rJ1'DX 'D01l1,rll}v 1'DX 'A90 )..q,
<?.1 513 AI,t1 rJ1'DX 'DAQ;>Q1300II 1'DX 'o(!.lt A<?X1AX3.1 <?1 513 AI,t1 rJ!L'DX
A0101'DroH" 1'DX ''DO~lI? 513 AI,t1 rJ.1'DX ~Q A'DOH" '(!.01'.}'D (!.OX1AOrl3)..1,t
0.01 A10'D1~1Q 'DO~Sl'D 513 AI,t1 rJ.1'DX ,!Q A~AlI,SV. 'A3XlI,Oq>X3X Al!.~ 0.01
rJ1Q
If A11O~ 59111'0 Al!.~
0.0.1 AOO<] ,O'Dlt 10(!.O"{'DX ,!Q 'DAl!.Z ''D.1A~lt rJ.1
A<] ,1Q 1O'Dro o~).. A~rI 'DJV 513ri'9Allq 5~1 ~1DX 1D13~'9riOAoDOO1' 51D
-}ooJ..lwoo1' 51D't't01'
'ACO.1A~lt 'f!1Q AOXl!.1Q <?1 (!.01'.}'D 50o~rI <?1 1'DX
31 5Q;>A1ox ACO.1A~lt 'DO~1'Dlt 03lt0<J} 1'DX ACO,,{<] AQ;>1 A<?)..Oct01r1l1,Q A~rI

A<?1 ~Q 1'DA13 'Aorooorl9ltCOOSAlI? 10.1A~rl1'DA13
I,trl
~Hn:UVJ ~H>IINHW3 ~VIVXdV V.lVIIIIH9VIIII
,oorl09x A~ AQ;>11'DX
HJUJV H>lINHW3
...
,
MA8HMA 150v
obeoiiO'Lv cl'tQO;o xal. all.ot; XqJaJ.:ij; .q,d,'topov, xai allot; lO't"'QtOV xQapoiiv 1) 'tQup.l..tovo Taii'ta lm; 0;' "fum; EmI.V, d) xaU
Ttpoxl.t;; 11
(Aomuavoil, Zeu~ Tgay<pM~, 41, 42)
'E:rdOlj~, EV ALyU:Jt'tq>: "XQLO:JtQOOOO:Jtov !lEv 'tov ALa, x'Uvo:JtQoOOJ:Jtov bE 'tov ~EA'tLO'tOV "EQ!lfjv xal. 'tov ITuva OAOV 'tQO:Yov".
(A01J%LaVoil, IIegi 81JOLffiv 14. 4)
-AESIAorION
!lo:xaQ, OA~LO~, E;,baL!lOOv,1 dJ't'UX~~, Eij!lOLQO~,

EijXAljQO~, oA~LObaL!lOOV, 'tQLOOA~LO~.
(,Et1JILOAOYL%U, EVVOLOAOYL%Ct)
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' XALOL~ - oUQavLXOAljx'ta
(ltaguyg.79)
2. EUX'tLXT] 'tOU ).:vw.

EUX'tLXT] 'tou eipl...
3. ITEQI. EUX'tLXfj~ yEvLXro~.
-EYNTAKTIKON
1. baLILovE~: OL 8EOt b(l'llILovE~ OvtE~, o'lov EILltELQOL. WH o'n mlvta !LEQL~OUULV,

a.lto'tou Maaa8m. (II).,arwv, KPATYAOI)
...'to bmILovLov ILE'ta!;u EO'tL 8eou 'tE "at 8V1]'tOu. (II).,arwv IYMIIOIION 23)
163
2Q
MAE>HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHL
EMHNIKH ArOrH
EPrAEIAI ~nOYAAl:fgN
Movo8i0''tuud av'ttJ.... 1j1t~ xaL aq>of]tO'p.10L

'trov 'Af]Xairov EJ.J.... vrov
ri/~ X(]va.
IIlscivla -Kovioa
1.0PtPlKA
IIEQLA:rpt'tLxov QVOfla 3tOA.AOOV 3tOLl]'tLXOOV EQYWV, qJEQOflEVWV
xa'tu 't~V 'i\Qxmo'tl]'ta U3tO 'to QVOfla 'toiJ 'OQqJEW~. ~'UAAO~ UflVWV
d~ 6LaqJoQO'U~ 8EOU~ xaL 6'UVUflEL~ 'tfj~ qJUOEW~ xa8w~ xaL 'tfj~
~8LXfj~ 'tU~EW~. 'OQqJLxaL E3tLYQaqJaL ooo~oV'tm xaL E3tL XQ'UOOOV
EAaOflU'tWV 'tfj~ N. 'l'taALa~, aAAU xaL 'tfj~ X'UQLW~ 'EAAU6o~ (EV
<l>EQaL~ EV'tO~ 'tUqJO'U).
2. fJAAHI
EI~ EX 'tWV 7 oOqJwv 'tfj~ 'i\QxaLa~ 'EAM6o~. 'EYEwr18l] 'to 643
3t.X. xaL a3tE8aVE 'to 548. Ka't~YE'to EX Aafl3tQoiJ YEVO'U~ 'tfj~
MLA~'to'U. '0 t6LO~ Exa'Uxu'tO 6LU 't~v 'EAAl]VLX~V 'to'U xa'taYw~v.
'HOXOA~8l] flE 'to Efl3toQLOV xaL ha~L6E'UoEV d~ AtY'U3t'tov.
8EwQEL'tm 0 L6Q'U't~~ 'tfj~ 8EWQl]'tLXfj~ nWflE'tQLa~.
~oo~oV'tm aQxE'tu a3toqJ8EYfla'ta 'toiJ 8aAoiJ, E3tL M 'toiJ 'tuqJo'U
a1J'toiJ EV MLA~'tq> EXaQuX8l] E3tLYQaflfla oi'i 0 3tQoo'tO~ O'tLXO~ EXEL
OU'tW~: 11TH oUyov rooe ai/IW'
oe "A.eo~ oVeavofl1J"e~".
ro
3. HAPMENIAHI
'Ex 'tOOV 'EAEa'tWV qJLAoooqJwv, aXfluoa~ 3tEQL 'to 500 3tX., 6w'tQL'ljJEV EV 'i\8~vm~ 3tEQL 'to 455, 03to'U o'UvavE<J'tQuqJl] aiJ'tov 6 'to'tE
VEaQoo'ta'to~ ~wxQU'tl]~. Mova6Lxov EQYOV 'to'U avaqJEQE'tm 'to
"IIEQL <l>UOEW~", Ev'IWVLxTI 6LaMx'tq>, 03tEQ xaL w~ 3tOLl]'tLXOV 6l]flLOUQYl]fla E3ttlVO'UV OL aQxaLOL TExvoxQhm. Tou'tO'U 6LEOOO8l]oav
oALya a3tOO3tUOfla'ta.
164
-.....,..
i
S91
AQ?'X1AOA.OTIOO'X AQ?1 AO)1ADA~ USOSJdl31D'X D1D1c,tTI10Q 1D'X SDl3S
-ct,,{01t S\!.1 ~1D'X A4A(I)dl 30(l)cftA,. 'A~X11ct3'XOUOS SQ?ODSD'X A~100X
A41Q-D Sp A3'X(I)QSJOOO1t 'i\10c,tV A41 S13 S\!.,,{01DAv. ~~ AD)dlooo'(1dl A41
Mp'XA.3A313W '08'\7 9 1 3ADSSJ1t'9 1D'X ct01t2 'SD)"{D1I, ')1 S\!.1 DSJ,,{tI, A~
US~W31D'XA.~ 'SD)A(I)L S\!.1 A10U1'X~1D'X AQ?003II AQ?1 91t'} A41 ~1D'X
X 1t 9'\7S 9 1 SPS0101D1t'XtI, 'X 1t OLS 91 1AQ?dlo"{o)l A~ US~M3A.tI,
S\!."{oXO S\!.'Xl1D3"{tI, S\!.1 S41ct0Q1 (} 'Sodlo09,,{1dl AU"{"{tI,.
:IHNVCPON~S
'9
'(S91AD1t 0.01 S10~g ~ mA1310TIS10'910 'SctoX~

S~0'X10ctOTI 'A(I)0101> S130~A1)1) 'SD1U191Ql S~'X10ctdlD13TI SD,,{,,{1> 1D'X
S~OTIS10'9 S~01 S13 A(I)Q)Q01t'9 'AQ?A.OTIODdl~ S\!.1Q-D AQ?'X11'XD01t AQ?1
ADOSJ1t S\!.X11UTIS10'9 S\!.1 A4Qct01t0 A41 3i\131SJ~31t~ SD09A.DSctii 0,
ct01 AQ?1USDTI AQ?1 ~~D13TI 131~0'X31t~ D)XODS131t 40uwQ-v 'S(I)30~ctTI
S~OTISDg 91t'9 0113'{3131t'9 (l.01Q-D D)"{D'XODQ1Q H. 'AD)30m1tL 30ct0Q2

1D'X ct01t2 AD)"{D1I, (l)1~)1 A41 AU,,{2 1D'X S13W1t S~'X1AU"{"{~ S~"{"{01t
3S"{\!.1031t A11t91D'X 'A(I))11tM1V AQ?1 S130q.>M S~1 S13 US~ctTI~ ct01t2
A011tM1V A41 USdlSJ'X031ttJ:. S\!."{oX3: ct0pOOA.DSctii ~ S\!.'X1"{D1I, SUASJTI
-ctO"{D'X S\!.1 S41ctOQ1 (} 'S01U191DXOV. S\!.1 S9dlO3: S01TI~3: SDA.SJW
('X1t 'lD ,13: DOSJri 'SOTI~3:) IYJOJY8AII 'S
S(l.ON (} m113101t i\10\!.oX A (} ~Q A~tJ:. 'A(I)1tc,t1 AQ?'XJ.(I)~ lD'X
AQ?'X11ctdl AQ?1 D)'(1'X101t 111 A~ (l.01t0'X0 0.01 S01U19A~ S\!.1 'SDpX3MO

S\!.1 A4X0'9 A41 SOA3TI9X3QDOD1t 'SD)A.0,,{010ctdl S\!.'X1110'XA.ctO S\!.1 SOTI
-00Q9 01t Sq> lD'X m1\!.O(l)3S ~A m1DAc,tQ SD09A.D~DAV. 0, '(SltA~"{30
S\!.1 A(I)3cftp"{'X~ 1D'X A(I)30~dl AQ?1 4dlDOA.1031t) AD)TIOAOOW'9 AI,t1
1D'X ~'X11DTIUSDTI ~11031t 0113,,{OXOH. ctO,,{'Xc,t'X (1.01 (l.OTI01A(I)A.D0131
0. 01 DTIU1~~ 91 30D1~~tI, 'SO"{D'X0~Q1Q 1DX 3~0\!.1t'} ctO)01t(} (1.01
'Sct0SJ"{'X103II (1.01 S013'X10 'SDA~SV, Sp SD)A(I)I, S!!,1 91t'9 m13A.~13TI
D)dlooo'(1dl ~ ct009A.D~DAV. 0.01 ~1V X1t 8Z'\7-00S ')DA3TIO~D"{)I
IYJOJYSVNV '1'
Aog ~ VV\lH9VV\I
----------_.....
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rI\O!!H!
:rtQOA~'ljJBOOV XaL tWV ,,9LXWV UQXWV tfj~ "E9VLXfj~ Mu90AOYLa~ twv

'EAA~VOOV.
"Er~ IlOVO~ 9BO~ U:rt<lQXBL, OUtB Xata to aWlla OUtB Xata to

:rtvBillla OIlOLO~ :rtQO~ tOU~ OIlTJQLXOU~ XaL 'HmobBLo'U~ 9BO'u~. ElvaL
OAO~ ollila, OAO~ o1'i~, OAO~ voil~. '}\QXBL M :rt<lvtOOV uxo:rtoo~ bLa tfj~
LbLa~ bLaVOLa~. ~vaMOLOOtO~ OOV xaL UXLVTJtO~. t1ev EXBL uvaY%TJv
va IlBtaVaatBUU u:rto to:rtO'U Bt~ to:rtOV :rtQo~ EXteAWLV tfj~ 9BLa~
autoil ~o'UA~aBOO~."
7. EMHEAOKAHI
<IlLAoaoqJo~ E; ~xQayavto~ tfj~ ~LxBALa~, :rtBQL to 450 :rtX. At
yvooaB~ xaL to ~90~ to'll EqJ~IlLaav autov ro~ aVbQa 9a'Ullamov xaL
U:rtBQqJ'UO:. To XUQLOV EQYOV to'll dVaL to "ITBQL <IluaBoo~", :rtoLTJlla
bLbaxtLXOV EX tQLWV ~L~ALOOV cbV to :rtQWtoV E:rtQaYllatBUBtO tiJv
9BooQLav toil ITavto~. To bBUtBQOV tiJv :rtQoayooyiJv tWV Ovtoov xaL
to tQLtOV tiJv bLa:rtAamv toil uv9Qoo:rto'U xaL llaALata tfj~ 'ljJ'Uxfj~
,
a'Uto'U.
8. HPAKA.EITOI
"EqJwo~, :rtBQL to 500 :rt.K. "Ex tWV vBOOteQoov 'Ioovoov qJ'UmoM-
yoov. "EbLbaaxB to UBL YLYVBa9aL xaL IlBta~aMBa9aL xaL IlTJM:rtotB

llevBLv. Ta :rtavta xar autov BUQLaXovtaL Bt~ aLoovLav QO~v, Bt~
uevaov XLVTJmV xaL uMa~v.
~'UvLatO: u:rtowyiJv toil uv9Qoo:rto'U BL~ tOV Aoyov, ro~ U:rtOtB-
Aoilvta EV tq> aLoovLq> Qq> toil YLyvw9aL, to IlOVOV ma9BQov U:rtOA'UtOV, aLoovLoo~ uATJge~. ~'UvLatO: E:rtLaTJ~ tiJv autOx'UQLaQXLav xaL tiJv
u:rtaxoiJv Bt~ tou~ NOllo'U~. 'Y:rtatTJ bL' autov uQBtiJ BlvaL ~ Ev:rtavtL
t~QTJm~ toil IlEtQO'U.
9. AHMOKPITOI 0 ABAHPITHI
MEya~ tfj~ 'AQXaLotTJto~ <IlLMaoqJo~, E:rtLvo~aa~ tiJv IlEXQL
~IlBQOV E:rtLxQatoilaav :rtBQL UtOIlOOV 9BooQLav. Ta a'UYYQallllata
autoil, BL~ LOOVLXiJV bLaABXtoV, Ev 'A~b~QOL~, ~aav :rtoA'UaQL9Ila:
:rtBQL lla9TJllatLXWv, qJ'UaLxfj~, ,,9LXfj~, IlO'UOLXfj~, :rtoL~aBoo~,
166
Ii
~>
"',)
'
MA9HMA 150v
tat(lLxfj~, YEW3tOVLa~, sWYQaqnxfj~, YQallllatwv, <pWV'rItLXfj~ xaL

rtOAEIlLXfj~ tEXV'r)~
'R 8EWQLa 'tOU 6EXE'tat 'to ov 3tona3tAoilv. Ta a'tolla ES OOV
a3totEAEL'tat'tO OV, VOEL 0 L\'rIIlOXQL'tO~, ro~ a3tdQou~ IlLXQa~ OUOLa~
f1~ ato8'r1'ta~ ana IlOVOV vO'rl'ta~. L\La ()E 'tfj~ 3taQa()oxfj~ 'tOOV
'ljJUXLXOOV a'tollwv, 1l()uvi)8'r1 0 L\'rIIlOXQL'tO~ va ES'rlyT)Otl 't~V U3taQSLV
tOOV 'ljJUXOOV xaL 'toil OAOU EV YEVEL ~aOLAELOU 'tOOV 3tVEUlla'tWV xaL
toil eEOil.
10. HAOYTAPXOE
(46-127 Il.x.) Et~ EX 'tOOV 03tOU()atO'tEQWV 'Eni)vwv oUYYQa<pEWV, EX XatQwvda~. Ma8'r1'ti)~ 'toil EV 'A8i)vat~ <PLAOOO<pOU
~IlIlWVLoU, 'tasL()EUOa~ EL~ 'POOIl'rlV, 3taQEIlELVEV EXEt E3tL llaxQov xaL
EYEVE'tO ()L()aOXaAO~ 'toil TQa'Cavoil xaL 'toil 'A()QLavoil.
'Emo'tQE"i'a~ d~ XatQoovELav a3tEx't'rlOE aSLoolla'ta xaL 'tLlla~.
"EYQa"i'E 3tEQL<P'rllla EQya, IlE'tasiJ 'tOOV 03tOLWV 'toiJ~ "IIaQani)Aou~
BLOU~", ()'rIAa()~ ~LoYQa<pLa~ 'EAAi)vwv xaL 'PwllaLwv aV()Qoov xaL
OUYXQLOLV au'toov xa'ta SEUYrJ. L\EV 3tQo'tL8E'tat va YQa"i't1 LO'toQLav
'tOOV 3tQOOOO3tWV au'toov, una IlclnOV 3tEQLYQa<p~v 'tOOV xaQax'ti)QWV. 'R SW'rIQo't'rl~ 'tfj~ 3taQaO'taoEw~, 'to 3taV'r)Y1lQLxoV u<po~ xaL 'ta
aVEX()o'ta ()L' OOV ()Lav8LsEL 't~v ()Li)YrJOLV, xa8Lo'toilv 'toiJ~ IBLou~"
avayvwolla 'tEQ3tVo'ta'tov xaL ()tClax'tLxo'ta'tov.
11. ZHNflN 0 EAEATHE

'EAEa't'rl~ <ptA.ooo<po~, 490-430 3t.x. Ma8'r1't~~ 'toil IIaQIlEVL()OU.
'Y3tEQllaxo~ 'tfj~ 8EwQLa~ 'toil aIlE'ta~Ai)'tou. IIcloa XLV'rIOL~ dvat
IlOVOV <patVOIlEVLXi).
12. ZHNflN 0 ETfllKOE

'0 Zi)vwv 0 KL'tLEiJ~ EYEvvT)8'r1 EL~ KL'tLOV 'tfj~ Ku3tQou, LOW~ 'to
336 3t.x. xaL u3tE8aVEV EL~ ~8i)va~ 'to 270 3t.x.
'I()Qu't~~ 'tfj~ ~'tWLXfj~ <ptA.Ooo<pLa~, aUYXQovo~ 'toil 'E3tLXOUQOU.
167
ZQ
EMHNIKH ArorH
MA6HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rAOI:I:HI:
Km:u 'tu ih'l'] 325-13 E'llQimGE'to EV 'AS~vaL~, EvSa EYEVE'tO

aXQoa't~~ bLa<poQwv ~XOAWV. ME'tU 'to 310, tbQlJOEV EV 'i\S~VaL~
LbLav ~XOA~V. KUQLOV xaQax't'l']QLO'tLXOV 'tfj~ SEwQLa~ 'tOlJ ElvaL (l'tL

SEAEL 't~v E:rtLO't~Il'l']V ouxt xaS' EalJ't~v, aUu 3tQo~ 'tov OX03tOV 'toli
ayaSoli xat 'tOU ro<pEALIlOlJ, 't~v avaS~'t'l']OLV 'tWV 3tQu)'twv ahLwv
3tQo~ bU;UXQLVLOLV 'tOu 'tEALXOU OX03tOU 'tfj~ swfj~.
13. APXIAOXOI
"Iall~oYQa<po~ (725-650 3tX.) EX IIaQolJ. CR cEU'I']VLX~ 3tOL'I']OL~
bLU 'tWV XaLVO't0IlLWV au'tou ELOfjASEV EL~ vEav 3tEQLObov bLU 'tWV
Lall~wv, ot 03tOLOL ~oav oxwlllla'ta, a.3tEQ xa't' aAA~Awv E~aUov

xa't' ESLlloV OL 3tav'I']YlJQLO'tal EV 'tfj EOQ'tfj LM~ 'tfj~ A~Il'l']'tQo~.
'EYEVE'tO 3tQobQoIlO~ 'tWV XWIlLXWV' 'tOV 'i\QXLAOXOV EIlLIl~S'I'] 0
cOQa'tLO~. Movov 3tEVLXQU a3tOO3taOlla'ta 'tOU EQYOlJ 'tOlJ bLampsoV'taL.
14. TEPHANAPOI
IIEQLWVlJIlO~ uEAA'I']V 1l0lJOLXO~ xat 3tOL'I']'t~~, YEVV'l']SEt~ 3tEQt 'to
710 3t.X. EV 'i\V'tLOOn 'tfj~ V~OOlJ AEO~OlJ. ME'ta~u~ EL~ ~3taQ't'l']v

EVLX'I']OE xa'tu 'tOu~ 1l0lJOLXOU~ aywva~ 'tWV KaQvELwv, 'tu E't'l'] 676
xat 673. 9EWQEL'taL m~ 0 SEIlEALW't~~ 'tfj~ AlJQLXfj~ 3tOL~OEW~ xat
dJQE't~~ 'tfj~ E3t'taxoQbolJ AUQa~.
15. AIIXYAOI
IIa'tQLaQX'I']~ 'tfj~ 'EU'I']VLXfj~ TQay<pbLa~, 525-456 3tX.
'EYEVV~S'I'] EL~ 'EAElJOLva. ElxE ~So~ U'ljJ'I']A.OV, YEvvaLov xat

ElJOE~E~, IlE'tELXE 3taV'twv 'tWV U3tEQ 'tfj~ EAElJSEQLa~ 'tOU "'ESvolJ~
aywvwv: Ev MaQaSwvL, Ev'i\Q'tEIlLOL<p, Ev ~aAaIlLvL, EV IIAa'taLaL~.
IIQw'tO~ 1l0Q<PW't~~ 'tfj~ 'i\'t'tLXfj~ bLaA.Ex'tOlJ, a<poli IlEXQL 'to'tE
E3tExQa'tEL ~ 'IwvLx~ bLaAEx'to~. ~lJVESEOE 3tEQL3tOlJ 100 bQallam EX
'tWV 03tOLWV bLaocpsov'taL 'tu E3t'tU (X at oALya 03taQaYlla'ta).
rVWQLollU'ta au'twv, 'to IlEyaA.03tQE3tE~ xat 'tL'taVLXOV 'tWV xaQax't~
QWV 'twv. co 3tOL'I']'t~~ mO'tEuEL O'tL avw'tEQu 'tL~ MVUIlL~ bLOLXEL 'tU
3taV'ta.
168
:.0\:-
l ',i "'.''
MA8HMA 150v
16. HINAAPOI
'0 fJkYLO'W~ 1:00V A:UQLXOOV 3WLl]1:00V 1:fj~ ~Qxai,a~ 'EAAO:bo~ (522
nX.) EX K'Uvo~ KE<paAoov 1:00V 8l](3oov. IIQooEAa(3E 1:0V xaQax1:fjQa
E8vLXOU nOLl]1:0U xat EL~ 1:0U1:0 O'UVE1:EAEOaV OL IlEYUAOL navEAAi)vLOL ayoovE~ EL~ OU~ o'Uvi)8LsE va naQE'UQi,oXE1:aL xat 1:0U~ onoi,o'U~
ESVIlVl]OEV. "EYQa'ljlEv EL~ broQLX~V bLUAEX1:0V xat 1:0. EQya aV1:ou
avabELxvVo'UV 1:0 8Ql]OXE'U1:LXOV 'to'U o'Uvai,08l]lla.
17. KAEAN@HI
~1:roLXO~ <pLA6oo<po~, lla8l]1:~~ xat bLUboxo~ 1:0U Zi)vrovo~,
Xa1:i)YE1:0 ES "Aooo'U 1:fj~ TQroubo~ (331-232 n.x.). 'HA8EV d~
'A8i)va~ ano'U Ella8i)1:E'UoEV Ent 19 E1:l] naQa 1:ip Zi)vroVL. ElXE IlO'UOLX~V Eni,booLv, 8EroQOOV 1:~V IlO'UOLX~V cb~ IlOVl]V Lxav~v va
EX<PQUOTI 1:0. u'IjIL01:a o'UvaLo8i)lla1:a. 'Ev 1:fj "<p'UOLXfj" avuYEL 1:~V
aQX~v 1:ounaV1:o~ E~ ev O1:OLXELOV, 1:0 nUQ. 'Ev 1:fj "~8LXfj" uno01:l]Qi,SEL a1:L "U'IjIL01:0V aya80v dVaL 1:0 EV <pVOEL sfjv". f!>VOLV EVVOEL 1:0
oVllnav, EnollEvro~ 1:0V Aoyov ij 1:0V 8EOV, a01:L~ bLEnEL 1:0V
XOOlloV.
***
169
<
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rAnUH~
-KYPIllr KEIMENON
nWV~S'l'pU; O''t~v 'AS~va 'to 436 3t.X., 03tOU ')GaL

a3tESaVe 'to 338 3tX. Ta E;L 3tQoo'tct XQovLa 'tou ~O'av 'ta fLova ;EVOLaO''ta ')GaL e'lhUXLOfLEva 'tfj~ ~wfj~ 'tau. To 431 ;EO'3ta. 0
IIeA03tOVVTjO'Lct')Go~ 3toAefLo~ 0 o3toio~ A~yeL 'to 404, o'tav 0
'IO'o')GQ(hTj~ elvctL 32 E'tOOV, fLE 't~v ~'t'ta 'tfj~ ~S~va~, 'to yevL')Go 3tEVSo~ ')GaL 't~v 'tct3teLVWaL 'tOOV 3tOAL'tOOV 'tTj~. R "yefLOVLa. 'tfj~ EMU~O~
3teQLEQxe'tctL O''tOv~ ~3taQ'tLu'te~ ot 03tOiOL ~uO''tUXoo~, 3taQa~ibouv
ma XEQLa 'tOOV IIeQO'oov 'ta fLL')GQaO'Lct'tL')Ga 3taQuALct ')GaL 'ta EMTjVL')Ga
VTjaLa fL 't~V E3taLOXUV'tTj O"UvS~')GTj 'tOU ~V'taA.')GL~a (387 3tX.) 3tQo')GaAOOV'ta~ E'tO'L 't~V aVTjO'uXLa ')GaL 't~v av'tL~QaO'L OAWV 'tOOV
"EM~VWV. "H e~pa fLE 't~v O'eLQu 'tTj~ Sa uvama'tooO'Tj 't~v "EAM~a
fLE 't~v ~L')G~ 'tTj~ E3te')G'ta'tL')G~ 3tOAL'tL')G~, ooO'3tOU Sa U3to')GU'\jITj ')GaL au't~
O''t~v fLUXTj 'tfj~ MaV'tLveLa~ 'to 362 3tX. To XUO~ 3tOV Em')GQa'touO'e
fLEXQL 'to'te YLve'tctL U')GOfLa fLeyaAu'teQo, 03tW~ MeL ')GaL 0 Sevocpoov
O''to 'teAo~ 'toov "EAATjVL')GOOV" 'tOU: ax(Jwia
xat w(JaxiJ
n).eirov",era riJv",6:x'Y]v Byever:o Ii n(JoaOev BV rfi 'E).).cibl. (7,5) MLa
vEa MvafLL~ ;e3tQopuAAeL 'to'te, yefLu'tTj O'cpQiyo~ ')GaL OQfL~. 0
LA.L3t3tO~ 0 B I 'tfj~ Ma')Ge~ovLa.~, ~QaO''t~QLo~, E;U3tVO~ ')GaL ~uvafLL
')Go~. IIaQ' oAa au'tu, " ~S~va avaAafLPUveL. ot ~uvufLeL~ ')GaL ot
O''taSeQE~ a;Le~ 3tOV E')GAELve fLEO'a 'tTj~ " 3tOAL~ au't~ ~O'av u'teA.eLW'te~. To 378 ~TjfLLOuQyei'tctL " ~eu'teQTj ~STjVaL')G~ "yefLovLa, Mo XQoVLa fLe'ta 't~v ')GU')GAOCPOQLa. 'tOU IIavTjY'UQL')GOU, ')GaL ~L')GctLOOVOV'tctL ot
SEO'eL~ 'tOU 'IO'o')GQu'tOU~ YLa 'ta a3taQupa'ta ~L')GctLOOfLa'ta 'tfj~ L~LctL'tE
Qa~ 'tOU 3ta'tQL~O~ mo SEfLa 'tfj~ "yefLovLa~ 'tOOV EAA~VWV ...
BIorPAtPlKA: 0 3ta'tEQa~ 'tOU 'IO'o')GQu'tou~ eeo~wQo~ ~'tav
3tAOUO'LO~. Elxe EQYOO''tUaLO 3tOV ')Ga'taO'')Ge1)(l~e aUAou~. "E~wO'e
O''tov y'ULO 'tou EmfLeATjfLeVTj aywy~ ')GaL fLOQCPWaL. 0 'IO'o')GQu'tTj~
~'tav 3tQOL')GLO'fLevo~ fLE EfLCPU'tTj ')GALaL 3tQo~ 'ta YQufLfLa'ta, E3tL 3tMov
~E " fLOQCP~ 'tou ~'tav wQaLa, L~LW~ ')Ga'ta 'ta XQOVLa 'tfj~ EcpTjPeLa~.
IIQo'tu3tov ~TjAa~~ "')GaAou ')GuyaSou" veou. ~L~uO'')GaAoL 'tou
'IO'oxqar1J':
oe
I ~
170
en
MA9HMA 150v
uJtfjQ!;av OL IIQc.o'tayoQae;, IIQo~Lxoe;, TELoLae;, rOQyLae;. 'AQYO'tEQa

i!YLVE xat /la9'11't~e; 'tOil ~c.oxQ(ho'Ue;. '0 /lEyO:A.Oe; qJLMooqJoe; 'tov
aYO:Jt'l10E JtOA.U xat 'tOV EJt'l1QEaOE ~a9u'ta'ta. '0 'IooxQO:'t'l1e; o'UvM9T]XE JtOA.U !Jk 'tOV ~o:oxaM 'to'll, xat 0 a~LXOe; 90:va'toe; 'to'll 'to 399
Jt.x. 'tov EJtLxQavE JtOA.u. '0 'IooxQO:'tT]e; ~'tav 0 /lOVOe; Jtou 't~v
EJtO/lEVT] 'tfje; 9ava'tooOEc.oe; 'toil ~c.oxQO:'to'Ue; E/lqJavL09T]XE o't~v
ayoQa !Jk L/lO:'tLa JtEv9L/la. '''E:n:/' 'Up l:wxea:cov; Oava:up, fle).,aVetfloVWV rfi vareeai(L :n:eofj).,Oev. " (Bi.o;, cr. 839)
"H~'I1 E!;aoxoiloE 'to EJtO:YYEA./la 'toil "A.0yoYQO:qJo'U", uqJoil 0
,
' "
\
,T
Jta'tEQae; 'to'll /lEoa O'tLe; YEVLXc.o'tEQEe; xa'taO'tQOqJEe; Jto'U ELXE JtQoxaMOEL 0 IIEA.oJtoVVT]OLaxOe; JtOA.E/lOe;, ExaOE OA.T] 'to'll 't~v JtEQLO'UoLa.
To 390 L~QUEL ~LX~ 'to'll axOA.~, E!;c.o aJto 'to. 'tELXT] 'tfje; 'A9~vae;,
aVO:/leaa o'to K'UvooaQYEe; xat 'to AUXELOV ('to aA.OOe; 'toil A'Uxdo'U
'AJtOA.A.c.ovoe; xov'ta o'tov 'IA.Looo). ME 'tte; dOJtQO:!;ELe; 'tfje; ~XOA.fje;
to'll xa'tOOQ9c.oOE va !;aVa~T]/lLO'UQY~O'l1 JtEQLO'UoLa. "'Iaoxearq;
eAaflfJave Xe~flara :n:afl:n:o).,Aa v:n:ee rfj; otoaaxaAia;' :n:aea fleV
rwv :n:oAtrWV ovoev, wa:n:ee yeea; rovro xaranOeflevo;, xa/'
r(!ocpe'ia xarafJaAAWV rfi :n:areifJ :n:a(!a oe rwv ~evwv, xaia; oealila;. n).,ovato; oe yevoflevo;, eflE(!iaaro rov :n:).,ovrov el; rrjv
:n:6)"w. " (BLoe;, 1, 21)
'0 'IooxQO:'tT]e; EJtLO'tE'UE Jtooe; Evae; /lOVOV 'tQo:n:oc; lJ3tfjQXE YLa va
oc.o9fj ~ 'EUo:e;: va O'ta/la't~oo'Uv 'to YQ'I1YOQOO'tEQO OL xa'taA.'U'tLxot
E/lqJUA.LOL oJtaQaY/loL. '0 L~LOC; OUMJtO'tE UVE/lELX9T] o't~v evEQYO
JtOA.L'tLX~, i1I..JtL~E O/lc.oe; :n:O:V'tO'tE O'tL xO:JtOLa tax'UQ~ JtQOOc.oJtLXO't'l1e;
90. ~'to ~'Uva'tov va O'UVEVOOOT] 'tOue; "EA.A.'I1vae;. liEV xa'tOOQ9c.oOE va
6fj 't~V JtQaY/la'toJtoLT]OL 'toil OVELQO'U 'to'll. IIE9avE U/lEOc.oC; /lE'ta 't~v
/lO:XT] 'tfjc; XaLQc.ovdae;, mXQa/lEVOe;, ExoV'tac; UV'tLXQUOEL aA.A.'I1 /lLa
qJoQa 'toue; "EU'I1VEe; va uUT]A.ooxo'toovoV'taLl /lE /laVLa. AEVE Jtooe;
aJtE9aVE "'t~V evO:'tT] ~/lEQa" /lE'ta 't~V O'U/lqJOQO:, aJto UOL'tLa. "H'taV
'tooT] ~ UJtOYO~'tE'UOLe; xat ~ JtLxQa 'to'll, roO'tE aQv~9T]XE va ~Ex9fj
'tQOqJ~ xat VEQO xat E'tOL "au'tox'tOV'I10E".
1. IIQ~/... 'to 'toii ffio'tJ'tuQXo'tJ ('H8L%U):
"Eii 'ti'j~ 'EMUl)o~, ~ 'tocrou'to'tJ~ -livl)Qu~- vcp' uvtii~ WtO/..WI..E%E, ocro~ UQ%EL
'tou~ ~uQ~uQo'tJ~ VL%UV &.n:uV'tu~. "
171
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rI\OI:I:HI:
"II(}o~ T:~V
ayyeAiav T:ij~ ev Xal(!wveig. fla:xq~ dAYtloa~,

er:eAeVT:qoev eoeAOVT:tl~".
(IIct'Uo. 'At'tLxu AI 18)
"EYQa'ljJE 60 A6yo'U~ &Jto 'tou~ OJtOLO'U~ 6Lww91]O'av f,tOVO 21

xa9ro~ xat 9 EmO"toAE~. '0 IIavqyv(}lXO~ EX'UXAOqJ0Q1]O'E 'to 380
Jt.x. &qJou 0 61]f,tLO'UQYO~ 'to'U 'tOY O''Uf,tJtAt]QWVE Jt<lvw &Jto Mxa
XQovLa. ITaQ' OAOV on EYQaqJ1] YUI va &JtaYYEA9fj xa'ta 'tTtv Exa'toO''tTtV 'OA'Uf,tma()a, 'to 380 Jt.x., EV 'to{,'tOL~ ()8V &xO{'0'91]XE JtO't8
O"tTtV '0 A'U f,t1tLa.
KEV'tQLXTt lMa: va Evw90uv Em'tEAO'U~ ot "EAA1]VE~ xat OAOL
f,ta~t va O''tQaqJouv XCX'tcl 'toii qJtJCJtxoii ix0Qoii 'toii 'Ei..l..1Jvtap,oii,
XCX'tcl 'troY pCXQPaQffiV Tij~ 'AaLcx~. KamYYEAAEL 'tTtV ~ vr:aAxioeto
eietlvq. ~LEX()LXEi YLa 'tTtV ~9t]va 'tTtV ~YEO'La, oo~ LEQTt &JtOO"tOAt],
JtA.eXOvm~ f,t8 'tQOJtO B;OXO 'to EyxWf,tLO 'tOOV ~91]voov, Emf,tEvoV'ta~
O''ta JtOAL'tLO"tLXa Em'tE{,Yf,tam.
I'YJf1eufJae~:
1) MEXQL olu.teQct, oe OAe~ 't~ YAwooe~, fr Ms~ ":n;ct'VT]YVQLXO~" OTJf.tctLVIOL 'to EyXWf.tLO, 'tOY i'l:itctLvo.
2) '0 MEYct~ BctOLAeiJ~ ~L~ 'tOiJ~ "EAATJVct~: "f.tTJ'te ctii'toiJ~ exeLv
frO'UXLctV, f.tTJ'te 'tOiJ~ aUo'U~ aveQw:n;o'U~ Edv frO'UXLctV exeLv".
i: '
\
'ill ~..,. A If'1\o'\ V ..,J
***
'Exl..oycxt EX 'toii "llcxv1JYtJQtxoii"
'Ex 'too H(!ootpiov: 9

"At f,t8V yaQ JtQa;EL~ at JtQOYEYEV1]f,tEVaL xOLvat Jt<lO'LV ~f,tLV
xa'tEAeLqJ91]O'av ... "
Kv(!tOV fl4!o~
23, 24
l"Of,tOAOYEL'taL f,t8V yaQ 'tTtv JtOALV ~f,tOOV &QXaLo'ta't1]v ElvaL xat

f,tEYLO''t1]V xat JtaQa Jt<lO'LV &V9QWJtOL~ Qvof,taO''to'ta't1]v... Ta{,'t1]v
yaQ OLXOUf,tEV OUX hEQO'U~ Ex~aA6V'tE~ oM' EQt]f,t1]V xa'taA.a~oV'tE~
172
MA9HMA 150v
oM' bt nOAAwv E8vwv f.LLya.6E~ o'UAAEyeV1:E~, aAA' 01hO) XUAW~ XUL

YV'YJoLO)~ YEyavUf,LEV wo't' E~ ~onEQ EqJ'Uf,LEV, ,;u{,.tfJv EXOV1:E~ anuV1:u
'tov XQavov 6LU1:EAo'iJ f,LEV, a"'tox8oVE; OV'tE; "
(I1aQa~oA~ ILE 'to X,WQLOV MO 'tOV 8o'Ux'Ul>L1hl B 36:
" ... Til''' yaQ XWQuv 01 amoi aiei olxofJvtE~ Otuooxfi rwv flUytyvoP,vwv, p,eXQt roiJoe e).,ev()eQuv Ot' aQer",v nUQeooauv... ")
(I1aQa~OA~
!LE ALoxuAO'U 'IXE'tLl>E, 250:
"Tov 'Y1J'YEVOV, yaQ dp,t eyill Ha).,aix8ovo" lvt; IIe).,uayo;,

rijaoe yij; aQX'YJyEr'YJ;").
xup.29
".. n
no).,t; np,wv ov p,ovov ()eocpt).,w;, d).).,a XUt cptAav()Qwnw;

eaXev, ware xVQia yevop,ev'YJ roaovrwv aya()wv ovx ecp()ov'YJae rot:;
a'uot;, d).X Jiv e).,af3ev anaat p,edowxev ".
xup.73
"Kut p,'YJOel; oUa()w p,' ayvoet:v on xat AaxeOatp,OVLOt neQt
rov; xaLQov; rovrov; no'uwv aya()wv alnOt rot:; "E'u'YJaw xadar'YJaav' ilia ott! roiJro xat p,6JJ..ov enuwet:v exw r",v no).,w,
rOtovrwv avruywvLarWV wXoiJaa, roaoiJrov avrwv ol1]veyxev".1
on
(OLltQayovoL lLa) " ... elxav drow :n:o).,mx'" avveifJ'YJat, ware 6

avraywvwp,o; avap,wu adl xop,p,ura elxe axo:n:o OXt f3ef3ata :n:ow eo.
e~ovrwa'YJ ro a;.,).,o, "lui vei aVaAaf3'YJ vareQa r",v e~ovaia, iliei :n:ow
oei :n:Qwro:n:Qoacpi(J'YJ rt; ayuOe; v:n:'YJ(Jwie; rov ar",v :n:o).,t. Kat rei
:n:o).,mxa rov; xOf.lf.lara Mv a:n:if3).,e:n:av ae xop,f.lanxei ocpi).,q, a).,).,ei
e~v:n:q(Jerovaav p,ovov rov avvo).,ov rei avp,cpi(Jovra... " (OVX v:n:e(J
rwv lMg. avp,cpeQovrwv, a;.,).,' e:n:trfj rov :n:).,fjOov; wcpe)"eig. ").
1. IItllda(!oc;: KAELVut ~8avaL, 'EMu~O EQELOILU, ~aLlLaVLOV :JttoALE8Qov.

AlaxvAOC;: QOUQLOV 8EOOV, Q'Ua~ooILOL, EVQ'UUY'ULaL.
Ev(!L1tw1/C;: KAELVQV am'll YEWULOOV.
173
c
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rAOIIHI
-HAPATHPHIEII
'EQf.,tllVE'U'tL'XU, f.,tOQqJOI..OYL'XU, E't'Uf.,tOI..OYL'XU.
:AQXL'XoL XQOVOL 'troY Qllf.,tU'tCDV pti).).w 'XaL (fJeuw.
*
EL 'to qJEQOV ae qJEQEL
qJEQE 'XaL qJEQO'U
d be Wr], 'XaL aalJ'tov 1..'U3tEt~
'XaL 'to qJEQOV ae qJEQEL.
(IIaA.A.aM~,
174
l'l.' at. f,t.x.)
MA9HMA 160v
Ma91]p.ux 160v
KEIMENON
(B'ivo'r'YJr;)
Kup. 81, 82.

".. .i:6La f..LEV ao't'l1 'tu~ almuv 3t6AEL~ ~YO"f..LEVOL,
XOLVfJV be 3ta'tQL6a 'tfJv cEUa6a VOf..LL~OV'tE~ Elvm.1
TOLa"'taL~ 6LavoLm~ XQWf..LEVOL xal 'toiJ~ VEro'tEQOU~ EV 'tOL~ 'tOLO"'tOL~ ~8EOLV 3tm6E,,0V'tE~, oihro~ av6Qa~ aya80iJ~ a3tE6EL;av
'toiJ~ 3tOAEf..Lijoav'ta~ 3tQo~ 'toiJ~ EX 'tfj~ ~oLa~, roOLE f..L'I16EVa 3tW3tO'tE
6uv'I18fjvm 3tEQl av'twv, f..Lij'tE 'tWV 3tOL'I1'tWV f..Lij'tE 'tWV OO<pLO'tWV,
a;Lro~ 'tWV EXELVOL~ 3tE3tQaYf..LEvrov EiJtELV."
Keq;. 86.
""E3tE6et;aV't0 bE 'tu~ au'twv aQE'tu~ 3tQw'tov f..LEV EV
'tOL~ U3tO AaQdou 3tEf..L<p8ELOLV. 'A3to~aV'trov YUQ av'twv EL~ 'tfJV
ov
'A't'tLXijV, OL f..LEV
3tEQLEf..LELVaV 'toiJ~ O'Uf..Lf..Laxou~, aAM 'tov XOLVOV
3t6AEf..LOV 'L6LOV 3tOL'I10af..LEvOL, 3tQo~ 'toiJ~ a.3tao'l1~ 'tfj~ cEAAa60~
xa'ta<PQo~a~, a3tijV'trov 'tfJV oLxdav MVaf..LLV i!XOV'tE~, OALYOL
3tQo~ 3toUU~ f..LuQLa6a~ .. "
"Toooii'tov YUQ ~ 3t6AL~ ~f..LWV bLE<pEQEV, 0" ~v aXEQmo~, roo.. avao'ta'to~ YEVOf..LEV'I'], 3tAdou~ f..LEV ouvE~aAE'to 'tQLijQE~ EL~
Keq;. 98.
1. 'OIlLAeL ()Ul 'tou~ 3tEa6'V't(l~, "(luX r:OV!; r:o~ awp.aat {m:ee r:ij!; 'Ellcf(lo!;
JteOUtv(lvv8vaavr:a!;" .
175
q
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHL
'tOV XLV~'llVOV 'tOV fntEQ 'tfj; cEAA.a~o; 11 oUJ.t3tUV'tE; OL VU'lllLuXi)ouv'tE;, OU~Et; ~E 3tQO; ~lLa; oihw; EXEL ~'llOILEVoo; oon; oux av
0lLoAoyi)oELEv, ~La ILEv 't~v VU'llILUXLUV ~lLa; 'tQl 3tOAEILQl
xQu'tfjOaL. n
KEq;. 158.
"EUQOL ~. av 'tL; EX ILEV'to'll 3toMILO'll 'to'll 3tQo; 'tOu;
~uQ~uQO'll; UILVO'll; 3tE3tOL'r)ILEVO'll;, EX ~E 3tQo; 'tou; "EM'r)VU; 9Qi)-
VO'll; ~ILLV YEYEV'rJILEVO'll;, xut 'tou; ILEV EV 'tuL; EOQ'taL; ~~O!LiVO'll;,

'tou; ~'E3tt 'tuL; (J'lJlLqJOQUL; ~lLa; ILEILV'rJILEvq'll;".
n t\E~ELX'taL YUQ, o'tuv 'tL; 3tOAElLfi 3tQo; ilv9Qomo'll; EX
3tOAAooV 't03tU}v O'llAAEyoILEVO'll; on ~EL IL~ 3tEQLILEVELV EW; av
E3tLO'toomv, &AI.' E'tL ~i03taQILEvOL; UU'tOL; E3tLXELQELv" .
KEq;. 165.
"t\LO xut 'toov 3tQEO~E'llOUV'twv 'tau't'r)v 't~v ELQi)V'r)V

lhxairo; clV xa'(1)yoQoi"EV, O'tL 3tE"q>OiV'tE; "'3tO 'trov 'EA.A..qvrov,
"'3tEQ 'tmv fJaQfJelQro'V mOL.qaaV'to 't; O'VvO.qxa;" .1
KEq;. 177.
KEq;. 181.
'''Y3tEQ (bv aSLov oQYLsw9aL xut OX03tELV 03tW; 'toov yE

YEYEV'rJILEVWV ~LX'r)V A'r)'ljIoILE9u xutita ILEMOV'tU ~LOQ9wOOILE9u .. "
KEq;.182.
- 'EQIL'r)VE'll'tLxu, lLoQqJoAoYLxu, h'llILOAoYLxu, 3tQUYILU'tLXU.

- ~QXLXOt XQOVOL Q'r)lLu'twv :1tut(jevw, flivw, (i(jw, avAUyw.
- ~uv9Em; 'to'll Q. ~uAAw ILE oAE; 'tt; 3tQ09EOEL; (xut 3tuQuywyu).
1. 'Avta":x:U\a~ ... Ei.QtlVl1~ YEVOJJivrJ~ 'toi~ ~EMrJUw, e1 dei .TW .ij~ 'EMado~
vPew "at neodoalav eiefj'vt]v "cUerv... " (III..ou't. 'AQ'ta;EQ~~, 21)
176
-...
LLI
(DQln.o~
aav - SOl.D1J.?riD1O.L S!J,riOa,)
II S9 39 9 0~1DlC lD'X S010')-'X 0~J... A(l)lA'9II U"('fP

S11 DJOQ.O 'XQ.0 'SO'Y(3)..)..1I} 'XQ.0 'S939 Q.o A(l)1,)-01 Sq1'X3. AOX~103lC
DlA'9lC mlo.3AlC lD'X SU19~ ct01,)-01 l;t ~ A~ A0031~ A~qQ.0 lD'X o.0030A
SQ!Lrocb qOlC Aq030A Sl,Dcb A~ D1U1938 mAl3 ADJri 1q'910~ ~ A<plC13
"01D~J...~8cb~ SOq'910~ l03lC 1191q S01D1J...~riD10~ 01U'Y,'X~'X3; II (Z
(}()t7 0 'AI l?'K19H. l.n.0m)

II SctOJri3'Y,OlC Sq>
S3lAo.0D1ri ~ri 'SDA9Q3'XDW SDlAOX01l} sq> S3lAl,DlCDJ...~ A10(l)A~riDODlc
S(l)JDg3g DAl 'AD10A\}3 SOA3riq>1'XDA~ A(l)A~U1DO'X3'X Al,D1 A~1 'g,ri11
D1!J,80~ A~1 l03lC g,1 'SOlC(l)08A'9'Y,1cb S~3YIDDg lD'X SqA10'X A<pri3J...l;t
.Q Sq> 'A3'Xu09wlS~8001DOtL 03lC'98D'X '1309cb~ A~'Y,OW ~A11 AUA
-~riJ...13rl3ri ctOlC901 o.O'X1AOQ3'XDW lD'X o.O'X1D03II 0.01 'X~ 'SDQ)Oct~DA~
lD'X ActQA'9'X lD'X AD0'911 AOl0 'SOA3ri'90U1mODlC ctori09'X o.O'X10DgODg
0. 0 1 ~'X1J...D01 lD'X D'Y,'Y,D~i1 O~J... ~~ ADO,}O ADO~W3'Y,31Q.3 S!J,'X1QUW
S!J,1 <!)'Y,'Y,OlC A~'X1003II A~1 ~'Y,'Y,~ 'AI}.'X1QUW A~1 01D'X1).000lC D1!J,80~
A~1 Q.O 'SOOQAD~~'Y,V. Aori09'K Aq1 A(l)lC~'Y,gOlC~ A01o.01 SqOII II (1
NI:rlJ.NJVNV :rOJn VN'ilWIU(Dl.DriJ.PQ
-DODiC y"{uv,) Sl,D'X1A3J... A(l)1'9riuo A(l)1q>1lC1Q lD'X A(l)1q>1lCoAoril03II
NOJII.nIV.LNX.:rSl,D'X1A3J... S!J,'X11'XDWOOII l03II .

}ri13 lD'X OJ",,,! riuo Al,D1 ~'X11'XDwooII Z
-~l.ODU ririDO.1- 6L oJ.'90Dlt
(cftDOv,. 'cft(l)Aq>'X) D1'XU'Y,9'X1'Y,13X'S10)'Y,'X oJ 1
HJII.LVWWVJJ-
A09~
VII\IH8VII\I
III
<
178
"
MA8HMA 170v
I;tl'Vo61J'ttxo'V NLKOMolJ Ll1lf.L1l'tQLolJ.

"El~ 1:0 QV0f.ta 1:iJ~ f.tE).)..ovaTJ~ aW1:TJeta~
UaOEeWVW leeea rptAtuOV Ual arptE{!WVW Ei, rirv
ayti:rqv 'rf/, (PtJ.txij, 'Er:af,(JEia, Hat rirv V:JrE(!1Juiav r:mv peyaMnV kutwv r:mv 'EAEvUlViwv, 1:0V
aVfl:n:oJ..hTJV KVeLV Ntu6J..ao LJTJflTJ1:etov,
I:n:e1:atw1:TJV, E:n:ayyeJ..fla1:O~ vavuuov uvv
uaea{JwJV, xe6vwv 1:etana, w~ OeeflOV v:n:eeaa:n:W1:7JV 1:iJ~ hat(!ea~ ual1:iJ~ :n:a1:etdo~ ua1:TJmOena ual oeuoOena :n:ae' EflOV ".
~oe,
10 Mag'tLoll, nMe'tOOY lW'KOOy.
MatUux16ov
oUro q;(jj~ xat pax(!VVo
(Fe peya (Fxfno~ XI. 4!po
Ll. ThAro!lO;
ANAcIOPA I:THN E8NErnpI:IA 'fIJI: 251); MAPTIOY
~n:oon:aOf.La'ta un:o 'to aQ8Qo 'to;:; 'HQaKAfj KaAA.EQY"l "IImbeLa
Ka!. 'E8VEYEQoi,a" (n:EQLObLKOV TETPAMHNA -i\.f.LqJL(Joa):

" ... ll1tatoeta Vml(}~eV 0 :;eij(}V~ iij~ e).ev()e(}ia~ iWV 'E).).rjvwv ".
(LVAeU, '''ImoQLa EM1lVLKfj; btavumuoEro;")
II "EV'tEAOO~ bLaYQaJ.tJ.ta1:Lxcl, 8a. n:Qoon:a8i]ow va. un:Ev8vJ.tLOW
o'tov uvayvwo't1J 'tOY 'tQon:o J.tE 'tOY on:oLov il n:mbELa POi]81JOE 'tT)V
UqJUn:VLO'L 'toil E8vo'U~ xat J.tE'tEpaAE 'tou~ OXAclPO'U~ OE qJoQEL~
tbEOOV .
..'H O'tQoqJT) n:Qo~ 'tT)V uQxmo't1J'ta, il O'IJO'LaO"tLXT) b1JAabT) yvwQLf1.La 'toil uQxmoEAA1JVLxoil f1.EyaAELO'U, ..il n:mbEi.a UqJUn:VL<JE 'tou~
OXAclPO'U~ xat USLOn:OL1JOE 'tOY 'ljI'UXLXO b'Uvaf1.LO'f1.o. '0 'AAES.
'Y'ljl1JAclV't1J~ 'tOY <l>EPQO'UclQLO 'toil 1821 xaAoiloE 'tou~
o'Uf1.1ta'tQLoo'tE~ 'to'U va. JtoAEf1.i]oO'Uv "q;awop.evOL a~w iij~ 1t(}oyoVl:;eij~ a(}eiij~ :;eaL rov 1ta(}OViO~ aliiJvo~ ".
179
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAnHH!
'EX'to~ 'toov aAAWV 3tQoibtfjQ;E xai f,tLa O'tQOqJ~ 3tQO~ 't~V f.tEM'tTlV 'tfj~ &.QxaLa~ yAOOOOa~. A1J't~ ~ o'tQoqJ~ 3tQo~ 't~v &.Qxaia
YAOOOOa (OTlf,tELOOVEL 0 K. i\T1f,taQa~) EXEL &'3tO XclSE a3tO'\jJL
xaQax'tfjQa &'vaXaLVLO'tLxO: To ~~'tTlf,ta ElvaL va ;avayiVO'llf,tE oav
'to'u~ &.QxaLO'll~. "03tW~ YQclqJEL 0 NEOqJ. i\ouxa~, "av xat cp(!aaet~
f-llflmf-le(Ja, .0. XaAa nov A6ywv f-llfloVf-le(Ja xat.wv :rt(!oyovwv qf-lWv
f-llf-lqaLV eX0f-lev, 0 oe mvm f-llfleia(}at ovvaf-levo~, ovx ek f-laX(!aV
xat :rt(!O~ .0. i'iAAa XW(!r]aet ".
'0 HATlVLOf,tO~ 'tfj~ bLaOJtoQa~ 3toil 'EX'tELVO'tav &'3tO 't~V
'ObTlOOO f,tEXQL 'to AL~OQVO, &'3t0 't~V 'AAE;clVbQELa f,tEXQL 'to
MclV'tOEO'tEQ xai &'3t0 't~V BtEVVT) f,tEXQL 't~V MaooaAia, 3tQw'too'ta'tEi O't~V 3tVE'llf,ta'tLx~ &'qJU3tVLOL 'toov fJ3toboUAWV. SExwQi~o'llV ot
3taQOLXLE~ 'tfj~ BEVE'tia~, x'llQiw~ Of,tW~ 'tfj~ BO'llba3tEO'tTl~ xai 'tfj~
BtEVVT)~ 3tOV YLVOV'taL, xa'ta 'tOV xaSTlYTJ't~ ~3t. BaXaA03tO'llAO, 'to.
Aixva 'tfj~ 3tabEia~ xai EAE'llSEQia~ 'tOil VEO'll EMTlVLOf,toil.
"OAa 'to. EQEima, Sa'llf,taO'ta AEL1pava 'tfj~ &.QXaLo'tTl'ta~ 3toil
E~AE3tE 0 OXAcl~O~ XaSTlf,tEQLVcl, 'to. SEwQoiloE O'tL &'vfjxav OE oV'ta
U3tEQclvSQW3ta, 3tOV Mv Elxav xaf,tf,tLa axEaL f,tE 't~V bLX~ 'to'll aSALa
U3taQ;L. TooQa f,tUSaiVEL EX3tATlX'tO~ O'tL ot "EAATlVE~ ~'tav avSQW3tOL
03tW~ au'to~ xai, 'to 03t0'llbaLO'tEQO, O'tL ~'tav ot 3tQOYOVOL 'to'll .. '0
'ta3tELVWf,tEVO~ &~ 'to'tE QaYLa~ ELVaL AOL3tOV tbLa qJ'llA~ f,tE 'toil~
&.V'tQELWf,tEVO'll~ "EMTlVE~; Afj'to~ 0 f,t'llSLXO~ XOOf,tO~ 'toov &'Savcl'tWV
'EM~VWV ~'taV 't000 bLXO~ 'to'll xai Mv 'to ~;EQE; I 1p'llX~ 'to'll ~Qi
OXEL ;aqJVLXa eva O't~QLYf,ta &.no 'to. mo f.tEyclAa ..
'0 ~fj ITaoa~ EAEYE O'ta 1819: 'EO'I!t; oj, "EUqv;, p3tQ, Xel't..
JWyw.o q't O"tO XqJelA.. e1;. AEv flaqJ'ti~'t 3t..el 'tel na..b ..el O'a;
fielW1), ll'tQo, KmO"ta, naQel AO)viba, 0......O"tOxAij, :4..QlO"tibq.
~iyo'llQa Xel't .. plCl"("Q'V't!
TLf,tTl'tLXO 'tL'tAO &'3to'tEAoiloE ~ ovof,taoia E'taLQLOOV, of,tclbwv,

EqJTlf,tEQLbwv, f,tE &'Qxaia EAATlVLXa ovof,ta'ta (E(!f-lfj~ 0 AOyLO~,
KaAAtO:rtq, ~(}qvii), EVOO 'to. &.xQo3tQwQa 'tOOV 3tAOLWV EqJEQav 'to.
Evbo;a ovof,ta'ta 'tOil A'llxouQY0'll, 'toil ITEQLXAfj, 'toil
'E3taf,tELvoovba ... (3tQOO3tclSELa 'toov U3tObOUAWV va E3taVaO'llVbESoilv f,tE 'to. 3tEQaOf,tEVa f.tEyaAEia f,tEOq> yAooooa~) .
180
:s:-
',~
.-.
I
MA6HMA 170v
1821
Tij~ El(}17V'fJ~ Mrpeov -Ma(}ayxax'fJ
'YJtUQXEL ~ aJto'4'~ O'tL 01. QmtEV()'U'tOL xal. JtELVUO!liVOL JtQoyoVOL ILU~ 'tou 1821 ~ouv 'tEAdOJ~ uILOQCPOJ'tOL xul. uyvoououv 't~v
JtvEUILU'tLX~ 'to'U~ xA'r]QOVOILLU, EL()LXa. uJto 't~v UQXULU 'EAAU()U.
A1J't0 ()8V eIvUL oOJO'to, xul. Sa. JtQooJtuS~oOJ va. 'to aJtO()E~OJ.
~'t~v 'EAA'r]VLX~ 'EJtUVUO't<lOL uJtfjQXuv Mo X'UQLUQXE~ L()EOAOyiE~ -~ 'tQL't'r] E1VUL 'toov cI>UVUQLOJ'tooV-.
01. Mo UV't8~ X'UQLUQXE~ L()EOAOYLE~ ()LUXQLVOV'tUV uJto ILLU
EV'tOV'r] 'EM'r]VLXO't'r]'t<l xul. aQXULoAu'tQeLU.
'Bouv 01. L()EOAoyiE~ 'toov cI>LALXooV XUL 'tou P~yu. '0 P~yu~ ~'t<lV
JtOAU yvOJo'to~ YLa. 't~v ~QXULOyvOJoia 'to'U.
~'t~v cI>LALX~ 'E'tULQLU E1xuv IL'U'r]Sfj "EM'r]VE~ uJto OAu 'ta. XOLVOJVLXa. O'tQOOILU't<l xul. o'tl.~ JtUQUILOV8~ 'tfj~ 'EJtUVUO'tUOEOJ~ 0 UQLSILO~ 'toov ILEAooV EcpSuvE 'tl.~ 600.000. 'J\. V JtQoOSEOO'UILE cpiAo'U~ xul.
O'UYYEVEL~ Jtov eIXE 0 XUSE cI>LALXO~, 'to'tE eIVUL AoYLXO va. XU't<lVO~
OO'UILE O'tL OAOL 01, "EM'r]VE~ E1xuv EV'rJILEQOJSfj yw. 't~v UQXULU 'to'U~
XA.'r]QOVOILLU.
01. IL'U'r]ILEVOL o't~v cI>LA.LX~ 'E'tULQELU ()LUXQLVOV'tUV 08 JtEV'tE
xu't'r]yoQiE~:
1) 'toov ~()EA.CPOJtOL'r]'tooV
2) 'toov ~'UO't'r]ILEVOJV
3) 'toov 'IEQEOJv 'tfj~ 'EM'UOLVO~
4) 'toov IIOLILEVOJV xal.

5) 'toov ~QXLJtOLILEVOJV.
'OJtOJO()~JtO'tE 1] 'tQI:t1) xa't1)yoQla "'to)V LEQeffiv 'tij;
'Eluaivo;" Sa. ExavE JtOA.A.OU~ va. uvaQOJ't'r]Souv 'tL uv'to o'r]ILaLvEL.
Kal. ElvaL pepaLOv O'tL OL """1)""VOL O'ta 'ElualvLa M"crtTtQLa 8a
'toil; bLvav XMOL; ES1)Y1taEL; YLa 'tilv 'AQxaia 'IEQiI xJ...1)Qovo-
,...La.
181
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rI\OHH!
0 'AQXLatQ<l't'l']YO <3. KOAOXO'tQWv'I'] <J1JAAa~L~EL ri]v 1atoQLa

ti'j EAAUbo "Et 't~V WtAOEM'I']VLXiJ" xat fJ '\jJ'UxiJ LO'U )'E/-tL~EL a:n:o
:n:aQa6dY/-taw aVbQELa xat M'U'tEQIii.. ~ OAO'U 'to'U A.6YO'U 'to'U
aQXL~E :n:EQiJ<:paVa /-tE ri]v M~L: "'EM'I']VE!
0 KavuQ'I'] "eol(i{3a~e eeyov xat {3iov 'Wv MeyaAov
~Ae5avoeov, xat ek rY/v Q;vayv(J)atv e'Z'eexav oaxeva ot orpOaA.f,loi
'Z'ov".
01 :n:QOX'l']QU~EL 'toiJ 'AAE;av6Qo'U Y'\jJ'I']AUV't'l'] /-tV'I']/-tOVEUO'UV
a6Luxo:n:a 'tt <3EQ/-tOJtUAE, 't~v ~aAa/-tlva, 'tOV MaQa8rova, 'tt
IIAa'taLE, xa8w EJtL01'J 'tou llQWE 'tfj 'AQxaia "EAAU60, atQa'tLW'tLXOU xaL JtOAL'tLXOU: 'tov MLA'tLUb'l'], 'tOV <3E/-tLG'tOXAfj, 'tov
AEwvLba, 'tOV 'EJta/-tELvwvba xaL 'tOV <3QaaU~o'UAo, Jtou EAE'U8eQwGE 't~v 'A8iJva aJto LOU 30 T'UQuvvo'U.
0 MaxQ'U),LUVV'l'] <J1JVEXro aVE<pEQE "'Z'Ov~ ;raA.'Y/ov~ "EJJ.'Y/ve~,
'Z'ov yeeo-~(J)xea'Z''Y/, 'Z'ov nAa'Z'(J)va, 'Z'ov eef,llO'Z'OXAij, 'Z'ov Ae{3ev'Z''Y/
Ae(J)vioa ".
'EJtL01'J va. ava<peQo'U/-tE 't~v /-tEyUA'I'] EUAu~ELa /-tE 't~v aJtoLa
aV'tL/-tE'twmGaV a '06'UGGEU 'AvbQoiJ'tGO xaL 'ta. JtaAA'I']XUQLa 'to'U
'tOV 'AQxalo AEOV'ta 'tfj; XaLQWVELa. Tov '06'UGGea 'tOV ELXE
~a<p'tLGEL a AU!-l3tQO Ka'tGwV'I'] xat 'toiJ EIxE bWGEL <J1J/-t~OALXa. 'to
Qvo/-ta'toiJ "JtOA.U'tQoJto'U a/-t'l']QLxoiJ llQwa" oJtw EM)'E.
Na. 8'U/-t'l']80iJ/-tE EJtLG'I'] 't~v YVWG't~ JtEQL:n:'tWGL /-tE 't~v
'AXQOJtOAL, oJto'U 01 JtaV'tEAoI; aOXE'tOL !-Ii 'tov IIOAL'tLG/-tO ToiJQXOL
~Gav ihOL/-tOL va. bLaAUGo'Uv 'tL xOAroVE 'toiJ IIaQ8Evrovo xat ot
QaxEvb'U'tOL xat JtELVaG/-tevOL "'EAA'I']VE JtQoG<peQ8'1']xav va. 'tou
bWGo'Uv ~oALa YLa. va. /-t~v xa'taatQe'\jJo'Uv 'tov 1EQo Nao.
MEQLXa. XQovLa :n:Qtv aJto ri]v 'EJtavuatam aQXLGaV va. bLVO'UV
ata. :n:aLbLU 'to'U QV0/-ta'ta aQxaLwv EMiJvwv HQwwv, <PLAOGo<pwv
xat IIOL'I']'troV. IIOAAot aAAa~av 'ta. XQLG'tLaVLXU 'to'U Qvo/-ta'ta /-tE
aQXaLOEM'I']VLXU. Au'to 'to YEYOVO aV'I']GUX'I']GE 'to IIa'tQLaQXElo. To
1819 a IIa'tQLuQX'I'] rQ'I']YOQLO E' X'UXAO<pOQ'I']GE E),XUXALO fJ a:n:oLa
EAEYE:
"Kat 1] xadx xalvo'Wf,liav ;raea 'Z'av'Z'a eloaxOe'ioa unv
;raAaunv eAA'Y/vLXwV ovof,la'Z'(J)v emrpwv'Y/at~ el~ 'Z'a {3a;rn~6f.lCva
{3eerp'Y/ 'Z'wv mmwv, w~ fJxovoaf,lev, Aaf,l{3aVOf,lev'Y/ wr; f,lia xa-rarpe6VrJat~ 'Z'ij~ XelOnavlxijr; ovof,la'Z'OOeoiar;, etVat Ol OAOV Q;;reoorpvi]c;
xat Q;vaef,lOo'Z'Oc; ".
182
MA8HMA 170v
Of 6L6u<J%aAOL Ol-too~ 'tOU rEVOU~ hovLt;,av: "na va pyfj 'to

rfVO~ 'tWV 'EAAT]VooV alto 'to <J%0'tU6L ltQEltEL va ltA'I']QocpoQ'I']8fj YLa
'tov~ ~QxaLou~ 'tou ~ocpou~". '0 Koov(J'tavnvo~ KavuQ'I']~ E1XE ESL
'YLOV~ %at I-tLa %oQ'I']. Kat btEL6~ ~8EAE 'ta ltm6LU 'tOU va t;,T]<Jouv <JE
f.u n EAEU8EQ'I'] 'EAAu6a 'tou~ 6oo<JE aQxaia 'EAA'I']vL%a QV0l-ta'ta:
NLxoAao~, eEl-tL<J'tO%Afj~, eQa<JupoUAO~, MLA'tLU6'1']~, Au%ouQYo~,
~QL(J'td6'1']~ xat MaQLa.
on
IToAU <J'I']l-tav'tL%O dvm

0 ltal-tltov'l']Qo~ 'AAfj na<J<Ja~ 'twv
'IooavvLvoov, %u't'tut;,oV'ta~ 'tov '06u<J<JEa 'Av6Qou't<J0 %at'ta uAAa
ltUAA'I']%UQLU, SE<Jlta<JE:
- no. va <JE AEVE E<JEva '06u<J<JEa, %L uihov E%cl AEooVi,6u, %at 'tov
UAAO MLA'tLU6'1'], %at va pacp'ti,t;,W'tE I-tE Qv0l-tu'tU Oltoo~:
E>El-tL<J'tO%Afj~, ~Esav6Qo~, ~QL<J'td6'1']~, E, I-tltQE POOI-t'l']oi" <Jl.youQa
XUtL ltOAV I-tqUAe XEtE (J'to l-tuaM <Ja~.
Kat 0 KO<Jl-ta~ 0 AhooA.O~ I-tE ta 3.000 axOAEiu ltOU %'tL<JE <JE
OA'I'] 't~v 'EMU6u, 6EV %aVE 'tI.ltO'tE UAAO alto 'to va 'tOU~ savUcpEQ'I']
ltUAL ltl.<JOO 't~v Xal-tEV'l'] aVUl-tv'l']OL 'tfj~ f(J'tOQLa~ 'tOu~.
Tit
%a~lha
'Coli 1821
':AltO 'ta 59 'Y6QuLL%a %aQupLu ltOU ltfjQav I-tEQO~ <J'tov ':Aywvu,

'tn 56 E1xav Qv0l-tu'tu aQxaLoov 8EWV %ut TJQoooov.
':AltO 'ta 45 ~E't<JL(l:m%a, 'ta 37 E1Xav Qv0l-tu'tu alto 't~v ~Qxal.a
'EAM6a.
'Alto 'ta 40 lJiaQLavu, 'ta 36 E1xav ~QxmoEAA'I']VL%a Qv0l-tam.
uOL%O dvm 0 %altE'tuvLO~ %U8E %aQapLou va ~SEQE 'tl. aV'tLJtQO<JOOltEUE 'to ov0l-ta 'tou %aQapLou 'tou %at dvm EltL<J'I']~ CPUOL%O
'to JtAT]Qool-ta 'tou %U8E %aQapLou va ~SEQE ltOLO~ ~'tav 0 'HQa%Afj~,
TJ 'A8'1']va, 0 eEl-tL<J'tO%Afj~ %.Alt. Elvm AOYL%O va <J%Ecp80ul-tE
(l'tav OL vaU'tL%OL I-ta~ <JuvaV'tLOV'tav I-tE UMa %aQupLa <J'ta ALl-tUvLa
%at EpAEltav 'ta Qvol-ta'ta 'twv UAAooV %aQapLwv, va Qoo'tOu<Jav 'to
%U8E ov0l-ta ltOLOV av'tLltQo<JooltEUEL' E'tOL <JUl-tltEQaLVoUl-tE O'tL of
Uv6QE~ 'tou Nau'tL%OU I-ta~ ~SEQav ltOAAa alto 't~v L<J'toQLa 'tfj~
ITa'tQL60~ 'tOu~ ...
on,
183
a
EMHNIKH ArOrH
8EMIrrOKAID:
ll1tAoLa
AEQNI~
HP.AKAF:D:
A8HNA
8
7
5
MIA'TI.AMll:
ATAMEMNQN
EITAMEINQN~
APID:
AXIAAETI
EPMID:
KIMQN
2
2
2
AYKOyprO~
IIOlliMQN
~OAQN
1EP'PIXOPH
AITNA
AAEEAN.M>O~
APa:rE~
A.llIA.llA
APO~I1H
rOprQ
JA1:QN
KAEIQ
NHPETI
NIOBH
EENO<l>QN
184
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
)>f
KOQ~e'tu -Nu'UuQXlhu TofJ.3ta~'t],

M1tQbu Me~'t], KOQf3hu
M1to'UvtovQ't], KQLE~fj %.a.
KOQf3hu Me~'t], M1tQL%L
N. ~1tOO'tOA't], TofJ.3ta~'t] %.a.
M1tQL%L KQLE~fj, M1tafJ.3tu %.a.
MLUOVA'tj, M1tQL%L ~uX'tovQ't],
N. Bo'tO'l'J %.a.
M1tQL%L KOUvtOUQLc.O't't],
KOQ~hu AaAeXou, MLUOVA't].
KOQ~hu M1tOUfJ.3tOUALvu~
M1tQL%L Tauf-Lul)ov.
NuuuQXLl)u MLUOVA't], M1tQL%L
Tauf-Lul)ov.
M1tQL%L r. 'OQMvl)ou, va~u 'tov
ThL%U M1to'tua't].
To vu U'tf-LO%LV't'J'tO.
MLUOVA't]. T. KQLEf-Lal)'t].
M1tQL%L 8. ~av'tou, M1tQLY%UvtLvL 'Al)QLUVOV ~ro't't]QLou.
IIoM%u 8. MOVAU. M1tQL%L.
r. IIavou.
roAhu TofJ.3ta~'t]. M1tQL%L.
~vuyvc.OO't't'J ~'t]f-Luf-La.
M1tQL%L B. M1to'UvtovQ't].
roAhu'tOv MQY't'J ~a~~u.

M1tQL%L B. M1to'UvtouQ't].
MA9HMA 170v
IIEPI:KAID:
IIEPlli<J>ONH
~QKPATm
<J> IAOKTlffID:
1
1
1
1
M3tQLXL ~v6Q. Xu'tt'l']uQyUQ'I'].

MnQLXOAttU.
TO. aV(J}1;EQW ovollu'tu 03tW~ <pULVE'tat, avil"wuv OE IlEyaAu

xUQa~Lu. "OIlW~ bG'to~ a3to 'to. M3tQbGLU, 'tt~ rOAE'tE~ xut 'tt~
KOQ~E'tE~, {m'ijQXuv: 'tQEXUV'tTJQLU, OUXOM~E~, IlLO'tLXU, yUALO'tE~,
ll3toll3taQbE~, bQoIlWVE~ (va~E~), 3tOAaXE~, AEiixE~, XULXLU, Il3tQu'WEQE~ (IlEyaAu XULXLa), <PEAOiixE~ (~aQxE~), oxu!l3tu~LE~ (aXU'tOL),
(JuAoii3tE~, MV'tSE~, 3taouQE~ x.a.
e0 3tWObTJ3tO'tE U3t'ijQXUV xut 3tOMa aMu ovollum, 03tW~:

Y~PA (XOQ~E'tU), LQTHP (Il3tQLXL), EAAAL (a'tlloXLVTj'tOQEyabu), EAllIL, EPMHL (a'tlloXLVTj'tO), EIIIXEIPHLIL (a'tlloxLvTj'to), NHLOL TQN LIIETLQN, AKATAMAXHTOL, KAPTEPIA,
IIANATIA, x.a.
ey3taQXouv OIlW~ XUL:
EENA 1lA00A ME EAAHNIKl\ ONOMATA THN EIIOXH TOY 1821.
AAKYONH
rUAALXO
AMAPAN8H
APlITEIMfl:
MNH
EPMOrENIn:
HPA
lka:
KAAYWQ
kAAAMINA
mIPHNA
NuuuQxt~
TPIAINA
 IAO~OO~
ALIA
'AYYALXO
MHL\EIA
OL\YTI:ETI:
IIAP8ENOITH
EAENH
PW<JLXO
l(ATI'QP
KQN/NO~
THAEMAXO~
APIMNH
mIAHNO~
~QKPA~
Au o'tQLUXO
"O'tuv Aomov ot "EAATjVE~ a3tEx'tTjoUV E3tU<p~ IlE 'to 3tUQEA8ov

'tou~, o'tuv 3tATjQo<poQTJ8TjxuV YLa 'tOu~ 'AQXULOU~ ~o<pou~ xut
185
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH
"HQOOE~ 'tOU~, o'tav ot "EAA1]VE~ aVE%a.A1J'IjJaV JtOLOL ~oav, o'tav

%a'tEVV01]OaV JtOLOL ~oav, o'tav ~ 'ljJux~ 'tOU~ YE/lLOE <lJtO u'IjJ1]M~
tbEE~, aJto YEVVaLE~ JtQa.;EL~ AEU8EQOOV av8Qomoov, %aL (3Qfj%aV O'tL
alna av'taJtO%QLvov'tav aJtoAu'ta o'ta U'ljJ1]Aa tbaVL%a JtOlJ mt1]'to'Uoav, 'to'tE %aL /lOVOV 'to'tE ;w1]%w81]%av /lE aV't0yvoooLa YLa 't~v
'EAEu8EQLa 'tOU~ %aL JtavE<J'ta.'t1]Oav 'ljJuxfi 'tE %aL OW/la'tL YLa evav
'Aywva UJtEQ Boo/lwv %aL 'E<J'tLWV. na EAEY8EPIA ~ 8ANATO.
na /lLa ITa'tQtba JtOlJ ~'tav aJt' 'ta %O%%aAa (3yaA/lEV1] 'tWV
'EM~VOOV 'ta 'IEQa..
***
186
1
'~:-
,~
MA8HMA 170v
~IAtPOPA KEIMENA
ANAEPONTA BAPBAPIKA HeH KAI EeIMA
""'0 9a'Ullao't~ CPLAooocpia, bL 11V 'Ivbol. 9EOU EAA'I1VLXOU

ltg o<J1wvoilm, l:xv9aL 9an't0'Um 'tou an09avoV'ta, ou xa'teo9io'UaL. 8a'Ullat;0Ilev 't~v Kagveabo'U bvvallLV, d KAeL't0llaxov,
'Aabgov~av1 xaAovllevov ngo'tegov xal. KagX'l1MvLOV 'to YEVO,
H.A.'I1vit;eLv Enoi'l1oev. ea'Ullat;ollev 't~v bLagemv Z~vrovo, d
LlWyEV'l1V 'tov Ba~'UAoovLOV Enewe cpLAooocpei:v. 'AJ..M. 'AJ..Svb~o"
tilV 'AuLav E;t)J1~oi3vtO;, "OIl'l1go ~v avayvroolla, xal. IIegooov
xat l:o'UOLaOooV xat rebgrooirov naLbe 't<l EugLnibo'U xat
kocpoxMo'U 'tgaycpbia libov .. "
(IIAou1:CIQXou 'H8Lxa - IIEQL ~AEsav1)QOu TVXTJ ~ ~QE'tfj A I 5)
JtQ~A.: 'Iv1)LxT] 'AQQLavou -7 " ... 2'feea(}al M nal uov (}'YJ(}twv oaa
AOleV wlwcpayeovr:ar;, 1C(}tv "Ie /)iJ Lllovvaov B),,(}elV er; r:iJv xw(}av
rwv 'Iv/)wv". Kat: -0 LllovvaOr;- "1C(}Wr:OV !lev 1CafJaal r:ijr; a,u'YJAocpaytar; r:o r:wv av(}(}W1CWV yivor; ". (~L61). A' 14.1)2
"*
"Etol. be xal. UMaL negl. 't~v BgE't'tavLx~v VfjOOL... '!Egv'l1 ... IIegl.
oubev Exollev AEyeLv aacpE, nA~v O'tL aygLoo'tEgoL 'tooV
BgE't'tavoov fmagxo'UoLV ot xa'tOLxoilv'te au't~v, aV9gronocpacpm
Qv'te xal. nOA'UcpayOL, 'tOv 'te na'tEga 'teAe'U't~oaV'ta xa'tea9ieLv
EV XaAClJ 'tL9EllevOL xal. cpavegoo llioyea9aL taL 'te UAAaL. YVVaLt;t
xal. 1l'l1'tgam xal. abeAcpaL ... 'to ye 'tfj aV9gronocpayia xal.
kx'U9LXOV eLVUL AEye'tUL, xal. EV avayxUL nOALOgx'l1'tLxaL xal.
KeA'tOl. xal. "I~'I1ge xal. UAAOL ltAeio'U nOLfjOaL 'toil'tO MyoV'taL... "
~
(~'tQa~rov C 200)
1. KAEL'toflaxo~ 6 ~'tOOL%O~, JtQO'tEQOV ~o/)Q01J~a~, ouvEYQa'\jJE 400 qJLAoooqJL%a

~L~ALa! (Aw,,!. Aae(>7:w~)
2. uOJtoo~ aQY0'tEQa 6 'AMsav/)Qo~ %a'tEAuoE 'to ~a~lJAOOVLa%OV e8Lflov va

QLn'tOOV'tUL mou~ O%VAOlJt; ot ao8EVELt; xat ot yEQOV'tEt;. (~A. ~Ilavro~, Bv~.
187
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA6HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOnHL

,
"Tou~ C3E XaAC3aLOU~ ~EQL uatQOVOflLav ')Gal. ~Q6QQTJO'LV .

uoxoA.ei08m... ')Gal. OOLOV VOflLSELV flTJtQL il 8uyatQL flLyvua8m, ro~ EV
EL')GOcrt<l> tQLtCP <pTJaLv 0 ThltLWV".
(LJwyevru; Aaeer:wq, ElaayOJyiJ 6-7)
"ITeQaaL flEV oU')G a'to~pv ~YOUVtaL 8uyatQL flLyvua8aL,

"EAATJVE~ C3' ')G9ECJp.WV, ')Gal. MaaaaYEtm fJ,iv, oo~ <PTJOL ')Gal. EUC3o~o~
EV tfi ~Qcbtn tfj~ ITEQLOC3ou, ')GOLva~ EXOUOL 'ta~ yuvai')Ga~, "EUTJVE~
C3' OU" .
"H ITapUa~tLC tOV ~Qta~EQ~TJv,
" ... yTJflUL 'tTJv ')GoQTJv (autou) E~ELaE ')Gal. YVTJaLaV u~oC3E~aLL
yuvai')Ga, xaLQELv Maavta M~a~ "EUTJVWV ')Gal. v6flOU~.. "
(IlAovr:aexov, 'AQr:aseQS1jq 23)
"OUC3EVI. 'EUTJvwv, ~Qo~ tQ6~ou, ~aQ~aQa E~aa')GEiv il8TJ."

(CfJtlomQar:ov 'A.n:OAAWVWq XX)
(.n:QfJL nal r:iJv Qijat r:ov Ilavaavla, or:av f-tEr:a rf/v Vln1j mlq IlAar:atl:q
r:ov .n:eor:uvav va a:tlftaaOij 7:0 vEnQov awf-ta r:ov MaQdovlov: " 1tflE1tEt PauPti{Jot; pIi.Uov ij "E)J.quLV ").
ra
'''OaLQt{}Of:. ~LVOTJa~!lEvou ')Gal. t~V ')GatEQyaaLav twV ')GaQ~wv,
~C3ew~ flEtae-id8m ~a~ta~ t~V 'tQo<P~v C3La tE t~V ~C3ov~v tfj~

<puaEw~ tWV EUQE8EvtWV ')Gal. C3La to <patvea8m <JU!l<peQo'V u~aQXELv
u~EXEa8m tfj~ ')Gat' UUTJAWV oofl6tTJto~. "
.
(LJuJd. ImEAWJ7:1j1; A I 14)
"'i\.~LatWV C3E <pmvoflEvwV ~oUoi~ twv eLQTJflEVWV ')Gal. flu8OL~
~aQa~ATJaLwv, ~oU<l> ~aQaC30~6tEQa <pavTJaEtm ta flEta tauta
QTJ8TJa6flEva. ALfl<l> yaQ ~OtE ~ELSOflEVWV ')Gat' Atyum6v <paOL ~OA
AOU~ UAATJAWV flEVrlhjJaa8m C3LCt 't~v EvC3ELav, tWV C3' U<pLEQWflEVWV
S<!?wv, to ~aQa~a~, flTJC3' ahLav OXEiv flTJC3Eva ~QoaEVTJVEx8m."
(LJuJd. ImEAtW7:1jq A I 84)
188
MA6HMA 170v
II~YQLOO'ta:toov 6' oV'toov 'trov fmo 'tel~ uQx'tou~ xa'tOLxouV'tOOV
xai. 'trov 'tfj ~XUeL(l JtATJOLOXc.OQoov, qJaoL 'tLva~ aveQc.OJtou~ EOeLeLV,
&aJtEQ xaL 'trov BQE't'tavrov 'tOu~ xa'tOLxoilV'ta~ 'ti]v ovo!lato!J.EvTJv
'lQLv. II ,
(Llt6d. 2mBA.tdn:T]q E' 32,3)
"Xa~aQTJVOL: EeVO~. EMo;o~ JtQc.O't(P yfj~ JtEQL060u, OVO!lutov'taL YelQ xaL Xa~aQTJvoL ot JtEQL XaM~oov OtXOilV'tE~, ot 'trov
~EVLXroV YUVaLxrov, c1v 1:ooo~ YEVOOV'taL XUQLOL, 'tOU~ 'tL'teOU~ cb!lOU~
EaeLOU<JL, 'tel 6e JtaL6La Xa'tEUOOxoil<JL ".
(2drpavoq Bv~aV1:wq '''E" 7:wv'E(}vmwv", a. 676. 'E"d. I'eweyuidT])
"KilQo~ 0 'ti]v Mi)6oov aQxi]v !lE'tao'ti)oa~ d~ IIEQoa~, EV 'tLVL
o'tQa'teL(l JtEQLATJqJeE~ EV EQi)!lC!J Xc.OQ(l xat JtUO'tJ OJtUVEL 'trov avayXULOOV, ~AeE !lev EJtt 'tou~ EcrxU'tOU~ xLvMvou~, 6Lel 'ti]v Ev6etav 'tfi~
'tQoqJfj~
avayxatO!lEVOOV 'trov o'tQa'tLoo'trov aAAi)Aou~
oaQxoqJaYELv... II
(Llwd.2mBA.. Bt{3A.. IZ'81, 1.)
"ME'tel 6e 'ti]v EQfi!loV av6QoqJUYOL otXEOU<JL, EeVO~ EOV 1:6LOV

xoMa!lro~ ~XUeLXOV".
(He. 4. 18. 106)
"O'tE 0 Ka!l~uOTJ~ E~uM~E xa'tel 'trov AtewJtoov...

II EJtd E~ 'ti]v 'ljJU!l!lOV aJtLxoV'to, 6ELVOV EQYOV 'tLve~ au'trov EQYUoaV'to' EX 6Exu60~ YelQ Eva OqJEOOV au'trov aJtoXATJQc.OoaV'tE~ xa'tEqJayov... 0 Ka!l~"oTJ~ 6ELoa~ 'ti]v aMTJAoqJayLTJv ... OJtLOOO EJtOQEUE'to... JtOAAOU~ MoMoa~ 'toil O'tQa'toil II
(Heod. r25)
MaooayE'taL:.""&:EelV '6e YEQOOV YEVTJ'taL ('t~) xUQ'ta, ot JtQocriJ, OL !lLV, xat uMa JtQo~a'ta <l!la
au't<p, E'ljJi)oaV'tE~ 6e 'tel xQEa a'tEuooxEOV'taL. Tail'ta !lEV, 'tel OA~Lc.O
'ta'tu OqJL VEVO!lLO'taL, 'tOY 6e vouoC!J 'tEAEu'ti)oaV'ta ou xa'ta<JL'tEov'tal aJ..:AiJ. Yfi xQuJt'tOUCJL... i,
XOV'tE~ ot JtUV'tE~ OUVEAeOV'tE~
(Heod. A' 216)
189
(P9,V'fJ90H) ~.
061
~"13a)3QOU~ ~Q A~"(l>d>3% A~1 '''13A)U1i~ S01l>ri1l>
Q,01 'SU9l,t%~ O~A~ U"(~9l>.ll>% l>0QAI' A~1Q?OU AC?1 A~3UH."
(9l,J 'fJ9 0H)

'(ITiOl,t%3A '''(ltQ)
"l>10~A31. ~1 ~tL. 03U ~.ll>% '13~OU
01Q,01101l>U ~Q SIl>n m.lA.3e1100U l>11l>Q 'l>~0% ~1 l>.lA.~U ~Q S3.lA.l>~
-J3ril>A~ 'l>~AOl. l>1Q?3A931 AC?1 1l>% 10(toAri~1l>.ll>% S3A9QUo0I."
(lOr '66,J 'fJ9 0H)
r-
,) ,,'1c!tOJ91V A.010~"(unOl>U 1l>% S3.lA.~U A010ri9
l>riQ?oX C?1 1l>% 'A.('I)1~900U AQ?1 03U ~1l>% 1.l0~ S~Al>d>ri~ 'A001A~U
l>~3"(~.ll>% AQ?1 AQ?QAI. AQ?1 A001l,t01 ~Q S1~3W m.lA.0~XOOct3.ll>% 531
-Al>0l,t9 'AOAari9%1U~ Sl>o!JA S~ AC?~ m.lA.0~XOOct31l>% S3.lA.l>A)31%OU~
'o~~ 31 A~ ~M 31 A~ 'AQ?.lO~ AQ?1 Uri~% AI' 59 '''101l>Ql>n ~Q m.lA.O

-~"(l>% 'AQ?ri.103Q~ AQ?30% "'S3Q~rioA "AQ?QAI. AQ?1 ~Q 10"('(Y,."
(8[ ,J 'fJ9 0H)
,,''')OctU A13)l>%l>1l>% Sl>0~1l>U SQ.01Sl>.lA.Q?1ct3,,(31

'AI' 013)l>~3Q l.ll>riljox 1A)1 1U~ (l>A3ri91.3"( ~1 A001A9Al>9Al>ri
SO~AUriO~ .1Q 1l>%) AOOA~,,(,,(H, AQ?1 AOO.lA.930l>U 013013 '10ctO)903.ll>%
5l>~Aol. SQ.01 10 'Sl1l>"("(l>)I (AQ?QAI.) SQ.01 Sl>O~l>% SOI30l>V"'"
(5vw.ao~)
,,A.itOal}A~ S001Q-0 1l>% AOAm~~Q Sl>%O~O S~1 ~1U3"(

X?1l>% 1l>% A003d>~000U S3.1AOl,t3M~ AOA~~ Al13l>1U~ ~.ll>% 1l>%
1>
'MOAl,t%3000U A~"(l>d>3% ctOA9. A!J.OctOX 119 AlOud>

A~ 'AOO)l>QctOI.
,9 5101"(919 A~ ~%1.l%l>~ '59% 100101 9 S0110%9 ri l>V"
103 U
(8 '51oVFi9.L aoamxaov)
" Sl>.lA.9Al>90ln} Sl>0~1l>U SQ.0110ctO)903.ll>%
119 1l>% "'Sl,t01g,l> Sl>1A9. Scto)M~ 1l>% SctOA~~~'''" :(Sl>9l,t%~)
~HnUVJ :rH>lINHVV3 :rVIVXdV VIVII\IH9VII\I
HJUJV H>lINHW3
MA9HMA 170v
--------------------------------------------------"~vbQo<paYOL M ... VO!labE~ ELaL, EaSfjta <POQEOUOL tfj ~XUSLXfj

O!lOLT]V, YJiiJaaav bE LbLT]V, avSQoono<paYEouOL bE .. "
(Heod. LI' 106)
"SavSo~ b' EV toi~ AubLaxoi~, Ka!l~AT)ta <PT)OL tov ~aOLAEu
aavta Auboov, nOAu<payov YEvEaSaL xai nOAunotT)V, EtL M yaatQL!luQYov. Toutov o-ov notE vuxto~ t~V eautou yuvaixa XataxQEO'UQyiJaavta xata<paYEiv, EnELta nQooi efJQovta t~V XEiQa tfj~
YUVaLXO~ Evouaav EV tep mO!latL, eautov anoa<pat;aL, nEQL~oiJtOU
tfj~ nQat;EOO~ YEVO!lEVTJ~."
('A(h7vaw~ Llet.nvoa.
2.2. 25)
"at KaQXT)MvLOL.. Eni t~V nOALv tOOV ~xQayavtLVoov ... XatE<JXov tOV {mEQ tfj~ nOAEoo~ AO<pOV, toV ~SiJVaLOV !lEv oVO!lat,O!lEvov ... 'I!lLAXa~ bE xai ~vvL~a~ ot tOOV KaQXTJboVLOOV mQatT)YoL..
86. naQiJYYELAav toi~ atQatLcbtaL~ xaSaLQEiv ta !lviJ!lata xal
XW!lata XataaXEuat,ELV !lEXQL tOOV tELXOOV.. taxil bE EVEnE<JEV EL~ to
atQatonEbov nOAA~ bELOLbaL!lOvLa ... ijYYEAAOV tLVE~ bLa VUXtO~
ELbooAa <paLvEaSaL toov tEtEAEUtT)XOtoov. 'I!lLAXa~ bE SEOOQOOV ta
nAiJST) bEL<JLbaL!lovouvta, nQootov !lEV Enauaato xaSaLQoov ta
fLvT)fLEia, !lEta bE tauta LXEtEuE toil~ SEoil~ xa1;a to natQLov ESO~,
tep !lEV KQovcp naiba a<paYLaaa~ ... "
(Llwd. LlUeA.. IT', 85)
"KA.dtaQXo~ M <PT)OL toil~ I>oLvLxa~ ... 'tov KQovov 'tLfLoovta~ ..
{mEQ xQL~avou xaAxou EXXaLeLV'to naLbLov."
(Die Fragmente der Griechischen Historiker, 137, F9)
51. "'Ev tau'tTIOL 'tfjOLV "!lEQTIOL xai raAAoL* YLYVOvtaL' EnEav

yaQ OL aAAOL aVAeOOaL 'tE xal oQYLa nOLEoovtaL, E~ nOAAoil~ ijbT) "
!laVLT) amxvEE'taL.. xa'taAet;oo M xai ta nOLEouOLv' 0 vET)viT)~, (hcp
tabE anoxEa'taL, QhjJa~ 'ta EL!la'ta, !lEyaATI ~ofj E~ !lEaoV EQXE'taL
xal t;L<pO~ aVaLQEE'taL' 'ta bE nOAAa Etw, E!lol bOXEEL, bLa 'tou'tO
ea'tT)XE. Aa~rov bE aVtLxa 'ta!lVEL eoou'tov, SEEL 'tE btU 'tfj~ nOALo~
xai 'tfjOL XEQat <PEQEL 'ta E'tafLEv. 'E~ oxoiT)v M OLxiT)v 'tabE anoQQi'4JEL, EX 'tau'tT)~ EaSfj'ta 'tE ST)AeT)V xal xoa!lov 'tov YUVaLxfttov Aa!l~avEL. TabE !lEV EV 'tfjaL 'to!lfjOL nOtEOUaLV...
191
c
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAO!!HL
tn
58. "EO'tL M xal aAA1J~ 9UOL1J~ 'tQoJto~ 'tOwcraE O't(hjJa'V'tE~

tQ~La, ~ooa. EX 'tWV JtQoJtuAaLoov aJtLcltn ... EVLOL
xal Jtai()a~
eoou'twv E'V'tEU9EV UJtLclOLV, oux OIlOLOO~ 'toi~ X't~VEOLV, aU' E~ Jt~Q1Jv
be
Ev9BIlEVOL XELQl xa'tuyouOLV, alla M au'tBOLOLv BJtLXEQ'tOIlBOV'tEC

MyouOLv O'tL ou JtaibE~, aUa. ~OE~ EtOt.
59. ~'tL~O'V'taL M JtU'V'tE~ ot IlEV E~ xaQJt01)~, ot bE E~ auxeva~,
xal aJto 'toME aJta'V'tE~ ~OOUQLOL 0't'4!I!QT1i'6~f6tJ9(,.."
('g~ JtQo~ 'ta.~ 'ta<pu~:) " .. 0 IlEv "EU1Jv ExauoEv, 0 M IIBQ01J~

E9mjJEv, 0 M 'IvM~** UUAql JtEQLXQLeL, 0 M ~xue1J~ xa'tEo9LeL, 'taQLXEUOEL bE 0 AtyUJt'tLO~ oii'to~ ~v yE (Myoo b' tbcbv) ;1JQuva~ 'tov
VEXQOV ;UVbELJtVOV xal ;U!l3to't1Jv EJtOL~oa'tO JtoUux~ bE xal bEO~Vql XQ1J!J.U'toov avbQl AtyuJt'tLql, EAUOE ri)v aJtoQLav, EVBXUQOV, ~
abEA<po~ ~ 0 Jta't~Q, EV XaLQcp YEVO!lEVO~. "
(Aovutavoq, IIeetlciv(}ovq, 21)
***
*"nUAOL: 1j WtO r<iA.A.o'IJ 'tof! l1:o'tUlloU, ~mJXro QeoV'to, 1j O'tL !J.E:'t<l3t3t'tc.O'X,UOLV EL heQuv qJVOLV.
IIuQOLlliu: "yaA.A.LO'tL'tE!J.ELV".
(IxoA.ta)
** 'Ivl)oL o'IJy'X,u'tU'X,UiO'IJOLV o'tuv

3tQooqJLAEO'tu'tf)v. '
192
'tEAE'IJ't~OroOLv,
'tWV YVVaL'X,wv 'tilv
(NmoA.uoq moe. Frg142)
MA8HMA 170v
Ka:ta 't~v btLbQoll~V 'tWV raA.a'tWV EL~ ~V 'EA.A.aba uno 'tov BQEVVOV,
AhroA.Lav:
"rEvo~ flEV yE rtuV E;Exo'ljJav 'to aQOEV, xal6floLw~ YEQOV'tE~ 'tE
xal 'ta. v~ma Ertl 'tWV fl'lJ'tEQWV 'to~ flaO'toL~ EqJOVEUOV'tO' 'to'lJ'twv be
xal 'ta. urtO 'toil yUA.ax'to~ mo'tEQa artox'teLVOV't~ ErtLVOV 'tE 01.
faA.aWL mil aLflam~ xal 1Jrt'tOV'tO 'twv oaQxwv ... xal aom f1V 'twv
yvvmxwv WL~ flaxaLQm~ 'twv faA.a'twv ErtE'tUyx.avov, alhoXELQL~
'ta.~ 'ljJ'UXa.~ ~qJLeoav' 'taL~ be ou flE'ta. rtOA:U UrtUQ;ELV 'to XQEWV EflEA.J...EV 1J 'tE aOL'tLa xal tl a'UrtVLa, ~aQ~uQwv EX bLaboxi\~ aJ...A.~J...OL~
V~QL~OV'tWV' ot be xal aqJLeLOm~ 'ta.~ 'l\l'UXu~, 01. be xal ijb'lJ VExQaL~,
O'UVEYLyOV'tO aflW~."
Et~ 't~V
'(I1avaavia~ c]Jwxtxa 22, 3-4.)
"TailQoL, OX'U8LXOV E8vo~, 'tOL~ ~aot.A.EilOL 'toiJ~ EUVO'UO'tu'to'U~

'twv qJLJ...WV o'Uyxa'ta8Urt't0'UOLV. '0 be ~aOLA.EU~, art08avov't0~
qJLJ...O'U, ij flEQO~ ij 'to aJ...ov arto'tEflvEL Ol'tLOV, rtQo~ 't~v a;Lav 'toil
LEJ...E'U't~oaV'to~.
... KoJ...Xoi. be 'tOiJ~ 'tEA.E'U't~oav'ta~ ou 8Urt'tO'UOLV, ana.
XQEflWOLV ano MvbQwv."
(Ntx6AaO~ lawe. :An6an.118, 123)
a
a
"IToAJ...a. b' EO'ti. 'twv Eevwv rtQO~ 'to X'teLVELV xai. rtQo~ 't~v
av8QWrtOqJaYLav EUXEQW~ EXEL, J...'lJO'tLXa. flEV EO'tLV, avbQELa~ b' ou
!!E'tEt.A.~qJaOLV ... "
(AetoTOl'liAOV~ IIoAl1:txa, 1339a.)
-rPAMMATIKH
1. f' XA.LOL~ -MOV'tLx6J...'lJX'ta

('turt'lJ~, EA.A.'lJV~, OQVL~)
naQuYQ. 80, rQalllla't. TI;aQL~uvoU.

2. MEo'lJ <l>wv~.
'OQLO'tLX~ 'toil AVOJ1aL
'EVEO'tOO~, ITaQa'ta'tLxo~, MEA.A.wv, ~OQLO'tO~.
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAO!!H!
En;Arnm En; TON 90YKYMAH

(i\:no'to :no'V'l1!-ta 'toil H. 'HALoil,
"To fJ:ljvVftU roiJ eovxvotO'f]")
IIeoAeyoJu:va
"'0 eo'U'X'UM61)~ eIVaL 0 :nQo)'to~ (J'tov 'Xoo!-to LO'tOQL'XO~ :nov
:naQa!-tQLOE 'tov !-tileo 'XaL 't~V aVE'X60'toAoYLa o't~v 'Io'toQLa.
EL'XOOL XQovLa :nEQt:nO'U :nQOYEVO'tEQO~, 0 'HQ060'tO~ xaQa'X't1)QL~E
'taL oav ":naQa!-t'Uea~" 'Xal. /3aAAE'taL E!-t!-tEoa a:no 'tov r6LO 'tov
eo'U'X'U6~61), 0 O:nOLO~, !-tE dQrovELa, avayvroQL~EL O'tL -'Xa'taMIAro~ of:
aV'tLeW1) !-tf: 't~v 'Io'to(>La 'toil 'HQoM'to'U - 'ta :nEQLo'ta'tL'Xa :nov
au'to~ 0 r6LO~ aqJ1)YEL'taL ~~~ 'Io'toQLa -to'U, "'E; JleV axeoamv W(l)~
ro Jl'YJ Jlv()woe~ avrwv areeneareeov qJave'lrat. "Oam oe fJovA1jaovrat rwv re yevoJlevwv ro aaqJe~ axone'lv xat rwv JleUovrwv nore
eJ:V()t; xadx ro av()ewmvov rowvTwv 'tat naeanA'f]atwv eaea()at,
wqJeAtJla xetvew aVi<i aexovvrw~ e~et. Krijpa t, alei W'iAAov if
aywvwJla e~ ro naeaxeiJJla axovew ~vyxetrat ./.
..
'0 eO'U'X'U6(61)~, yovo~ aQxoV'tL'Xfj~ ot'XoYEvda~ 'tOOV 1\e1)VOOv,

dXE :nQOOQLOEL 'tov ea'U'to 'to'U YLa 't~ 6LOL'X1)01) 'tOOV 'XOLVOOV.
~'tQa't1)Yo~, :nOAL'tL'XO~ 'XaL <p'LAO~ 'toil IIEQL'XAfj ('tov O:noLO qJLA060~oilOE va 6La6Exefj roro~) <'iv, !-tE'ta 't~v ~'t'ta o't~v 1\!-tqJL:rtOA1) 6f:V
avay'Xa~o'tav va Ad'\jJ1) YLa EL'XOOL 0XEMv XQOVLa a:no 't~V 1\eitva,
6f:V ea 'YQaqJE au'to 'to aQLO'tOUQY1)!-ta :nov eIVaL ~ Lo'tOQLa, ~
6'Uo't'UXoo~ ~!-tL'tEAit~, 'toil IIEAo:nOV'V'I'JOLa'Xoil :n0A!-t0'U.
'0 eO'U'X'U6(61)~ EYQa'\jJE 't~V U:n06ELY!-ta'tL'X~ Lo'tOQLa, :nou 'tOV
'Xa'ta~LrooE oav :nQOO'tO EqJaQ!-tOo't~ 'tfj~ E:7tLO't1)!-tOVL'Xfj~ !-tEeMo'U
O't~V LO'tO(1)01) 'tOOV :nQa~Erov aveQw:nrov 'Xal. 'XQa'toov, :nou E~O/3AL
OE a:no 't~V LO'tOQLa 'XaeE 'tL 'to "!-t'UeOO6E~", 'XaeE 'tL :nou a'Xo'Uyo'tav
YLa 't~V 6Lao'X6ao1) 'tOOV a'XQoa'toov.
'0 901Jx'UlH,l)t)S YLO~ 'toil 'OAOQO'U 'Xal. 'tfj~ 'HY1JOL.1tUA1)~, o'UYYEV~~ 'toil MLA'tLa61), eIXE !-tEyaAa 'X'tit!-ta'ta - xal. !-tE'taMELa XQ'UOOUO't~V eQax1).l
1. "eOUXU<,)L<')Tj~ ... xal otxLa~ !lyaATj~ ~v xal eMvm;o ,reya ev'tfi lt01..EL xal ev
'tor~ <'iMOL~ "EMTjOLV... " (IIM'toovo~ Mevoov. 34)
194
MA9HMA 170v
ElxE 6aox(lA.0'U~ 'tov 'AvasayoQa xat 'tov 'Av'tupoov'ta. 'R

6L6aXlJ 'toil ~vasayoQa 'tov U:n:~AAaSE U:n:O 'tlJV :n:im't') o'tt~ 8Q't')a%E'U'tLXf:~ :n:QOA~'ljJEL~ xat O'toiJ~ flu8o'U~. To to'tOQLXO xat XOL'VW'VLXO YLY'VE08aL OCPELAE'taL xa'tel 'tov 80'Ux'U6L6't') of: CP'UOLXel aL'tLa xat
OXL of: :n:aQEfl~cloEL~ 8EOOV xat of: 8auflaw. ~'UXVf:~ dVaL ot :n:EQLxo:n:f:~ 0:n:0'U xa'tel Xcl:n:OLO 'tQo:n:o ELQWVEUE'taL 'to "fl'U8oo6E~" :n:oiJ
XQ't')OLflo:n:OLEL O'UXVel 0 'HQo60'to~.
ot :n:A't')QOCPOQLE~ fla~ YLel 'tlJV ~WlJ 'toil 80'Ux'U6L6't') ELVaL ALYOOtE~. IIEQLooo'tEQa OtOLXELa :n:aQExov'taL u:n:o 'to L6LO 'to XELflEVO
toil 80'Ux'UM6't'). cI>aLvE'taL, u:n:o 'tlJV o'Ufl:n:aQa~oAlJ 6LacpoQwv
XWQLWV 'toil EQY0'U 'toil 80'Ux'U6L6't'), O'tL 'to 424 ~wv 'tOUAaXLO'tOV 30
EtOOV, ucpoil dXE ovofla08fj O1:Qa't't')Yo~. Kat 'to m8avo'tEQo ElvaL O'tL
YEV'V~8't')XE :n:Qtv u:n:o 'to 460. "R6't') u:n:o 'to 431( uQXlJ
IIEAo:n:o'V'V't')OLaxoil :n:OAeflO'U) u:n:ocpaoL~EL vel YQcl'ljJ't') 'tlJv to'toQi.a
ta'U xat UQXL~EL UflEOW~ 'tlJ O'UAAoyi] O'tOLXELWV xat :n:A't')QOCPOQLOOV.
'AQQwo'taLvEL u:n:o 'tov AOLflO 'toil 430. To 424, oo~ o'tQa't't')Yo~,
~'t'ta'taL u:n:o 'tov ~:n:aQ'tLcl't't') BQaoi.6a o'tlJV ~flcpi.:n;oA't').
ot ~8't')vaLOL 'tov 'tLflooQ't')oav xat ESOQL~E'taL E:n:t ELXOOL XQovLa,
w~ 'to 'tEAO~ 'toil :n:OA.EflO'U. ilel 'tlJV 'tLflwQLa au'tlJ xQa'tclEL {J:ltEQ~cpa
'V1] OLY~, 6f:v Ex6't')AOOVEL :n:cl80~ Evav'tLov 'toil KAEwvo~, :n:oiJ 'tov
&:6LX1]OE, OU'tE U:n:OAOYEL'taL flEoa o'to oUYYQaflflcl 'to'U. 'E:n:LO'tE'UE
atlJv u8WO't1]'tcl 'to'U xat 'toil ~'tav UQXE'tO. Au'to a.QflO~E o'tlJV
&:QLO'toxQa'tLx~ 'to'U cpuo't'), 01:0 EUYEVLXO xat U'ljJ1]McpQov ~80~ 'to'U.
Mf: flOVLfl1] e6Qa 'tel x't~fla'tcl 'to'U o'tlJV ~xa:n:'tlJ 1)A1], o'tlJ
E>QclX1], 0:n:0'U ~QLoxo'V'tav xat 'tel flE'taAAELa 'to'U, dVaL cpavEQo O'tL
Y'UQi.~EL xat OE clAAa 8Ea'tQa 'toil :n:OAEflo'U (IIEAO:n:OVV't')oo xat
:ltL8avoo~ ~LxEALa, 'haALa xat UAAOil) YLel va O'UMES1] xat va XclV't')
ESaxQL~oooEL~. ruQL~EL o'tlJV ~8~va 'to 404:n:.x. flE'ta 'tlJV :n:'tOOO1]
'tOOV TQLclxo'V'ta 't'UQclWWV, flE 'ljJ~cpLofla 'tOil otVO~LO'U. 8Ai.~EWL YLa
tlJV xa'tE6clcpw't') 'toov 'tELXOOV, UAAa xat YLa 'tlJ 6Lacp80Qa 'COOV
:n:OAL'tOOV. SavaYUQi.~EL o't.., 8 QclX't') , 0:n:0'U O'UVEXL~EL 'tlJ o'l}YYQacp~,
:n:oiJ 6f:v 6LaxomE'taL :n:aQa u:n:o 'tov 8clva'to 'to'U (flE'tasiJ 399 xat
396). !'!.EV dXE :n:QOAa~EL va ESLO'tOQ~OT] 'to. Ema 'tEAE'U'taLa XQovLa
'toil IIEAo:n:O'V'V't')OLaxoil :n:OAEflO'U (411 ew~ 404). 'E'tclCP't') o'tlJV
'A8~va. '0 'tclCPO~ ECPEQE 'tlJv EmYQacp~, "eovxvo{d'fJ~ 'O}"O(}OV
195
tq
EMHNIKH ArOrH
~l,UOVaLO~ evOaoe Xei7:al ".

~reo 'to YEYOVOr; O'tL 'to H' ('tEAE'U'tUtO) BLBALo 'tfjr; LO"toQiur; 'to'U
ELVaL (l't'l1f.LEA'I1'tO, a'Uvuyo'UV O'tL ~UVU&OUAE'UE 't~V La'toQiu 'to'U, EvW
reUQuAA'I1AU reQoXOOQouaE O"t~V E~LO"tOQ'I1a'l1 xul. O'tL &ev reQoAuBE va
~uvu60'UAt'ljJ'I1 'to 'tEAE'U'tu'Io BLBAi.O. 'AreEvUv-rLar;, 'to EB60f.L0 BLBALO
EXEL avuyvooQLa8fj aav evu aQLa'tOUQY'I1f.LU 'tou reE~Ou A.6Yo'U, 'to
reQw'to xU'ta 'tov MUXOOAEV,l avoo'tEQo areo 'tov "ITEQI. O"tEqJUVO'U"
A.6yo 'tou ~'I1f.LOa8EV'I'). To avuX'I1QuaaEL aav 'to "axQov aoo'tov" 'tfjr;
av8QooreiV'l')r; 'tEXV'l1r;. fia 'to L&LO eB60f.L0 .BLBAio; 0 ITAOU'tUQXor; O"tov
Bio 'tou NLXiu 'to XUQuX't'l1Qi~EL af.Lif.L'I1'tO.
'0 80'Ux'U6i6'11r;, 60XLf.LU~0v-rUr; 'tov reE~o A.6yo a't~v a6Laf.LoQqJoo't'l1 axof.Lu aQxuLu ~'t'tLX~ YAwaau,2 f.LE'taXELQi.~E'taL 'to oii&E'tEQO
'twv f.LE'tOXWV av-rl. 'tou aqJ'I1Q'I1f.LEvO'U oumuO"tLxou ('to 6E6LOr;, 'tov
En:L8'Uf.Louv) xu8wr; Ereia'l1r; xul. E~oo'tEQLxa a'toAi6LU 'tfjr; qJQua'l1r;
(taoxooAu, Of.LOLO'tEAE'U'tU, reuQ'I1xi]aELr;).Ku'ta xuvovu axo'tELVOr;,
XUQUX't'l1QL~E'taL areo 'tov KLXEQOOVU obscurus. '0 ~'I1f.LOa8EV'I')r; 'tov
Ef.LEAe't'l1aE reoAu. Tov av-rEYQU'ljJE ox'tw qJoQer; xUL 'tov Ef.Lu8E areo
f.Lvtlf.L'I1r;
"nui~ UAWV eovxvotorJ~, aXrJxow~ eXAuvae TWV aVYYf!af.lf.laTaw, 0 'Hf!6oom~ gJrJa't Jt'aTf!' Tovmv ""OAOf!e 1rU~ 0 ao~ 1jJVX:YIV
exel. "
NEaQor; ax0f.L'I1 0 8o'Ux'U6i6'11r; reUQEO"t'l1 Etr; avuyvooaLV 'tf.Li]f.LU'tOr; 'tfjr; 'Ia'toQiur; 'tou 'HQ060't0'U xul. 'toao a'UyxLvi]8'11XE wa'tE
MUXQ'UOE. BAtreov-rur; 'tOv, 0 'HQ060't0r; ELreE a'tov reU'tEQU 'tou
80'Ux'U6i60'U 'tov "OAOQO:
""!} "OAOf!e, Of!yd ~ gJVOl~ ToiJ vloiJ aov 1rf!o~ TlZ f.luOqf.lum ".
tv"( "
1. ~VYXEXQL!livro~ 6 Makaulay exEL YQ(l1j1EL O'tL ~ nEQLYQaqJ~ unoxroQ~oEro~ 'twv
~8'tlvai.rov EX ~vQaxovoWv, ELvm 'to UV1JnEQ~A'tl'tOV tij~ uv8QronlVT]~ 'tEXVT]~.
2. 'IbLaL'tEQa yvroQLO/La'ta 'tfj~ uQxaLa~ ~"LXfj~ ELvaL: 6 ax'tl!La'tLO!.I.()~ 'tOU

nA'tl8vV'tLXOU 'twv 'tQL'tOXAL'troV oe "'tl~" (ma'tmfj~, MEyaQfj~, AroQLfj~,
'Innfj~, ~xaQvfj~, uV'tt ma'taLE~, AroQLEi:~, MEyaQEi:~, 'mnE~, ~xaQvE~),
ot nQo8EoEL~ "suv, e~" uV'tt "aUv, Ei,(;", 'to "atet" (x'tfj!La e~ awt) xat!Lul
OELQU CiIJ.e~, eAU(PQe~ mlV'to'tE bLaqJOQE~ Uno 't~v VEOl'tEQ'tl 'A"LX~.
196
MA8HMA 170v
AITIA KAI A.OPMAI

TOY llEAOllONNHI:IAKOY llOAEMOY
Ai'un
KUQLOV at'nov f) ~QOaLOOVLa Ex9Qa ~~a.Q'tTJ~ -~9TJvoov xat f)
6"A.oEV au;aVOIlEVTJ va'U'tLXTJ MvallL~ tij~ ~9i]va~.
L'leV1:eeeVOV7:a atna:
1. eH a~oa'taaLa
't'i'j~ 'Em6a.llvo'U (~'UQQa.XLOV) a~o 'tTJV

KEQx'UQa, ~ou ~'tav a~OLxLa 't'i'j~ KOQLV9o'U. ot ~9TJvaLOL E~Ai
xoV'taL miJv 6LaqJoQa..
2. eH a~oa'taaLa 't'i'j~ IIo'tL6aLa~ (XaAxL6LXTJ) a~o 'tTJV
'A9TJvaLXTJ <J'UllllaxLa. TTJv pOTJ90uv ot KOQLV9LOL sTJ'tooV'ta~ <J'UYXQoV())~ 'tTJV EVLax'UaLv 'tOOV ~~aQ'tLa'toov, E~L<JTJllaLvov'ta~ 'tov E;
'A9TJvoov, YL<l OATJ 'tTJV IIEAo~ovvTJao, au;avollEvo xLv6'Uvo.
3. ~LaqJoQat 't'i'j~ vi]ao'U ~a.llo'U IlE 'tTJV MLATJ'tO. ~~Eu6o'Uv ot
'A9TJvaLoL.
1. IIQEapda 'tOOV ~aQ'tLa'toov mTJv 'A9i]va STJ'tEL: VEOV xa9aQIlov a~o 'to "K'UAOOVELOV ayo~". ~'tTJV ouaLa a~olla.xQ'UvaL 'tOU
IIEQLxMo'U~ a~o 'tTJV ~9i]va, aqJou a~o 'tTJV YEVLa 't'i'j~ IlTJ'teQa~ 'to'U
O'UyyiVE'UE IlE 'tov KLIl())Va.
TO'tE ot 'A9TJvaLoL STJ'tOuv IlE 'tTJV OELQa. 'to'U~ a~o 'tou~

~aQ'tLa.'tE~, EX VEO'U xa9aQIlov 6La 'to "a~o TaLva.Qo'U ayo'U~".
(at
~~aQ'tLa.'taL eIxav ~aAaLo'tEQa aqJa.;EL 'tou~ d:A.())'ta~ ~ou eIxav

xa'taqJuYEL mov Nao 'tOU IIoaEL6oovo~, a'to TaLvaQov).
197
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH
2. Ka'taAT)'ljJL~ IIo'tlbaLa~ xa\' aiJ'tovof,LT)(JL~ Atyi,vT)~.

3. Ka'ta.AT)'ljJL~ EX f,LeQolJ~ MEyaQewv OT)f,LELWV 'tfj~ 'i'\'t'tLXfj~.
4. AU'toVOf,LLa OAWV 'tWV O'lJf,Lf,LaXLXWv nOAEwv 'tWV 'i'\9T)vwv.
co IIEQLxAfj~ ano<paOa;EL nOAEf,LOV, 'tov onoLov OME~ aQxU;EL.
"OAOL ~LO'ta.SOlJV. Tov omv9fjQa ava.~olJv OL eT)~aLOL. ZT)'toilv va
xa'taAa.~OlJV 't\'~ IIAa'taLe~, nOALv -ovf,Lf,Laxov 'tWV 'A9T)vwv. T~v
~Qa(JL aQXLsEL 0 ~naQ'tLa.'tT)~ 'i'\QXL~af,Lo~, &uYXEV'tQWVOV'ta~ o'tov
'Io9f,Lo O'tQa'to 100.000 aV~Qwv. cEnof,LevT) XLVT)(JL~, Eto~oA~ o't~v
'i'\'t'tLX~ ...
***
198
...
ana
'EmYQa<paL
'tOV "'Emi&.<pLOv" 'toil E>O'U)t'U()L()O'U EL 'to MVl]J.WLov 'toil
~yvroO"to'U ~'tQa'tL<i)'to'U. 'AQLO"tEQ&': M[a ;tA[VTJ ;tIWiJ tpeee7:U ecn:eWf.t8VTJ
rwv atpavwv. ~ESL<i: :Avdewv emtpavwv n;aua yij 7:atpo~.
199
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA0HMATA APXAIAI. EMHNIKHI. rAOHHI.
nQI:xlio,,~ 'E~t'taqJto~
(EXAoyaL)
34. '''Ev ~E 'tql au'tql XeLILrovL ':A8TJVclLOL 'tql n:a'tQL XQOOILEVOL ~TJILooi.~ 'taqJa~ En:oLTJOaV'to 'trov EV 'tql~e 'tql n:Of...ILq> n:Qoo'toov
Wto8uvOv-roov 'tQon:q> 'toLq'l~e. Ta!J.Ev oO'tu n:Qo'tL8EV'tm 'trov an:oyeVOILEVOOV n:Qo'tQL'ta, oXTJvfJV n:OLTJOav'te~, xaL En:LqJEQeL 'tql au'tou
EXUO'tO~, ~v 'tL ~ouA.TJ'tm. 'En:eLbav M 1) EXqJoQa ii, A.UQvaxa~ xun:aQLOoLva~ ayoumv <lILU;m, qJuA.il~ EXUO'tTJ~ ILLUV' EveO'tL ~E 'ta oO'tu,
~~ ExaO'to~ ~v qJuA.il~. Ml.a bE XAI.VI) xVi) q>Q'tat EO'tQrop.iVl) 'tiiiv
aq>avrov, ot av ILTJ eUQe8romv E~ avai.Qemv. EuvexqJEQeL ~E (, ~ouA.6ILevo~ xaL aO'trov xaL Mvoov,xaL _yuvuixe~ n:uQeLOLv at n:QoaiJxouom En:L 'tov 'tuqJov OA.OqJuQ<'>ILEvm-. n8EaoLV oiiv E~ 'to ~TJILomOV
ailILu, 0 EO'tLV En:L 'tou xaULcrtou n:QoaO'tLou 'til~ n:oA.eoo~ XUL ULeL Ev
au'tql 8an:'toum 'toiJ~ EX 'trov n:Of...ILOOV, n:A.TJV ye 'toiJ~ EV MaQu8roVL"
Exdvoov ~E bLun:Qen:il 'tfJv aQE'tfJv xQi.vaV'te~, 'lPt:\~~,N~L 'tov 'tuqJov
En:OLTJOUV. 'En:eLbav ~E xQU'ljloom Yfj, avT)Q nQ~ILEVO~ un:o 'til~ n:OA.eoo~, o~ av yvooILn 'te ~oxfi ILfJ a;uve'tO~ elvm XUL a;LOOoeL n:QOTJXn,
f...yeL En:' au'toi~ En:mvov 'toV n:QEn:O'1a' ILE'ta ~E 'tou'to an:EQxoV'tm..
"'gbe !J.i;v 8an:'tOum' xaL ~Lcl n:uV'to~ 'tou n:oA.E!J.ou, (,n:6'te ;uILl301n'
au'toi~, EXQroV'tO 'tcpvoucp. 'En:L ~. oii.v :toi~ n:QOO'tOL~ 'toio~e,
IIeQLxA.il~ (, Eav8Ln:n:otlnQE9'TJ -f...yeLv. t<.ar ~n:eL~fJ xmQo~ EA.aILl3ave,
n:QoeA.8wv an:o 'tou OTJILa'to~ En:L l3ilILa U'IjITJI.OV n:en:OLTJ!LEvoV, on:oo~
axouOL'to ro~ En:L n:A.eiO'tov 'tOU (,ILLAOU, EA.eye 'tOLu~e~ _
Ta
ca01Q .,'
1. ~ltO IIAYLANIOY ~TtLXa A' 29:

""EcrtL bE xal. ltum flviifla ~ST)VaiOL~ OltOOOL~ MOSaVeLV O'UVEltEOEV EV 'tE
va'Uflaxi.a~ xal. tv !lxa~ ltE~a~, ltA~V OOOL MaQaSo)VL au'tOYv i]ywviaaV'tO' 'tot'J't'OL~ yaQ xa'ta x<bQav ELol.v oi. 't<l<pOL, bL' avbQayaSiav, oi. bE UAAOL
xa'ta 't~v obOv XELV'tUL 't~v e~ 'AxabT)fliav, xal. o<piiiv EO'tUOLV elti 'tOL~
't<l<po~ O'tiiAUL, 'ta ovofla'tU xal. 'tov biifloV EX<lO'tO'U MyO'UOUL...
...TfIv bE uQa xal. btlflO'U l)iXULov ~O-UA.E'Ufla, lOt b~ xal. J:\ST)vaLOL flE'tEbooav bO-UAOL~ bT)flOOL<;t 'ta<piivUL xal. 'ta ovofla'ta eYYQa<piivUL
bT)AOL bE ayaeoiJ~ o<pu~ ev 'to ltoMfl4> YEVEOSUL... "
trt!lM1'
200
MA9HMA 180v
Ma8q,ul 180v
KEIMENON
36. ''':AQSOfLaL bE a3to 'tOOV 3tQoyovrov 3tQoo'tov' bLXaLOV yaQ

au'to~ xa1 3tQE3tOV bE afLa EV 't<fJ 'tOt4>bE 'tTjv 'ttfLTjv 'tau't'llv 'tfi~ fLvTJfLTl~ bLboa8aL. TTjv yaQ xc.OQav ot au't01 atEl otXOUV'tE~, btaboXfi
'tOOV EmytyvofLEvrov, fLEXQt 'tOUbE tAE'U8EQav bt' aQE'tTjv 3taQEboaav;

Ka1 EXELVOL 'tE astm E3taLvo'U xa1 iht fLUAAOV ot 3ta'tEQE~ ~fLOOV ..
... xa1 'tTjv 3tOAtV 'to~ 3tum 3taQE<JxE'U(laafLEv xat E~ 3tOAEfLOV xat,
E~ ELQ~VTJV au'taQxEO'tU'tTlV... "
37. "XQc.OfLE8a yaQ 3tOAt'tEL{l ou ~TlA.oUan 1:OiJ~ 'tOOV 3tEA.a~
VOfLO'U~, .3taQubEtYfLa bE fLUAAOV au'wt OV'tE~ 'tLa1v ~ fLtfLOufLEvm
hEQO'U~. Kat ovofLa fLEv lha 'to ....1) E; ol(YOlJ; all' E~ 'J)..(ovu;
oixdv 6IJ ....ox~ut:iu xixl1)'tua... "
.. .. fLE'tE01:L bE xa'ta 'toiJ~ VOfLO'U~ 3tum 'to '(aov... ", " ... E~ 'to. xmva
1:0 a3t' aQE'tfj~ 3tQo'ttfLu'taL...
'So.' a..,trofLa'to~,
'i:'
,
,
... O'UuE~
acpaVELQ.,
XEXro",'U'taL...
38. " .. ~EqEQXE't(lt bE btU 'to fLEYE8o~ 'tfj~ 3tOAEW~ EX 3tuaTl~ yil~
'to. 3tuV'ta.. .,
39. "~LacpEQofLEV bE, xa1 'tUL~ 'tOOV 3tOAEfLtXOOV fLEAi'taL~, 't(1)V
Evav'tLrov 'toLabE. T~v yE yaQ 3tOAtV xmvTjv 3tuQEXOfLEV xa1 oux
Ea'ttV <hE, SEVTlAaaLaL~, a3tELQyofLEV 'tLva ~ fLa8~fLa'to~ ~ 8EufLaI
'\
"
1:0~ " .
201
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rAOnH~
40. "LAoxaAOVfU~V 'tE yaQ JLET' E'i'J'tEAELa~ xaL CPLAOOOCPOUIlEV

aVElJ llaAaxLa~.. " "
41. "SlJVEArov 'tE Myw 'tijv 'tE Jtaoav JtOALV'tfj~ 'EAAa60~ JtaL6ElJOLV ElvaL... ", " ... IlE'ta IlEYUAWV 60 0l1IlELWV xaL ou 6ij 'tOL UlluQ'tlJQov yE 't~v MvallLV JtaQaaxollEvOL, 'tOL~ 'tE VUV xaL 'tOL~ EJtEL'ta
8alJllao9110oIlE8a, oMEv JtQ006EOllEVOL OiJ'tE 'OllijQOlJ EJtaLVE'tOlJ,
OiJ'tE aO'tL~ EJtEOL IlEV 'to a.'u'tLxa 'tEQ'ljJEL... "
42. "AL' a 6~ xaL EIl~XlJVa 'to. JtEQL 'tfj~ JtOAEW~... " " ... & yaQ 't~V
JtOALV UIlV110a, a1 'tWV6E xaL'tOLwv6E UQe'taL Exoolll1oav. "
43. " .. XOLvfj yaQ 'to. orolla'ta bLMV'tE~, LbLc;t 'tOY uyijQwv EJtaLvov EAull~avov xaL 'tOY 'tucpov EmOl1llo'ta'tov, oux EV cP XELV'taL
llaAAOV, UAA' EV cP " Msa au'twv ... UELIlV110't0~ xa'taAELJtE'taL.
'AVbQIDv YUQ E3ttqJavIDv Jtdoa yij 'taqJo;, xaL ou O'tl1AWV lloVOV EV
'tfj OLXELc;t 0l1f.LaLVEL EmYQacpij, UAAa xaL Ev 'tfj Il~ JtQOOl1X01JOn,
aYQacpo~ Ilvijf.Ll1..... EvbLaL'ta'taL. Ou~ vUV "'f.LEL~ sl1ArooaV'tE~, xaL'to
~baL!loV 'to EAEV9EQOV, 'to b' EAEV8EQOV 'to dJ'ljJlJXoV xQLvaV'tE~, f.L~
JtEQLoQaOeE 'tou~ JtOAEf.LLXOU~ xLvbvvolJ~. "
46. "ELQ'l'JtaL xaL Ef.LOL, A6ycp, xa'ta 'tOY VOf.LOV aoa Elxov JtQo0cpoQa, xaL EQYCP 01 9amollEvoL 'to. f.LEV ~611 XEXOOf.Ll1V"taL. 'to. bE
au'twv 'tou~ JtaL6a~ 'tiD- UJto 'tOOOE bl11l00Lc;t " JtOAL~ IlEXQL ii~l1~ e"QE'ljJEL, * ...vUv bE UJtOAOCPlJQUf.LEVOL av JtQoaijXEL EXUO't<p, am'tE" .
[*Nof.tO: """WU "twv ev"t(p :7toMf.tq> "tEAe'U"t1')OaV"twv :7tuUiu xut YEvvrl"tOQu
E:7tLf.tEAeLo"8aL. "]
-IIAPATHPHEEIE
1. 'EQf.Ll1VELa, MOQCPOAOYLXU, 'E'tlJIlOAOYLXU, 'EVVOLOAOYLXU.
2. ~QXLXOL XQOVOL xaL JtaQuywya 'tWV Ql1f.LU'tWV: EZOpat,
e).avvm, Dqm.
('R V01')f.tU"tLX-ij O-UV~EOL "twv ~Lu(pOQWV a:7to:7tuo!la"twv ytvE"taL :7tQOqJOQLXW.)
202
MA6HMA 180v
t.S
, ~- '
'
;--t1)""':
5:.'
.20_
'
(liTo 191 'tono88'tTJ8rp(av o'ta 1\,t(O<p0Q8La 'toil AOVuLVOtJ .WLoonao!la'ta
yw.
ano 'tOV 'EnL'tCl<pLO 'toil I18QLXMotJ~, w~ 't!lfi!la 'tfi~ ~xo'tQa't8I.a~

'tilv
G'tQa'toAOYTJOTJ o'tl~ EvonA8~ btJVUIl8L~, hav'tl.ov 'toil ~X8Qoil nov
anELAoilo8 'tilv ~A.EtJ88Ql.a ')(al,;iJv bTJlloXQa'tl.a". "OAL~8Q TMALv).
-rPAMMATIKH
1) r' XALO~ -MOvtLxaAfJx'ta
(clvbQtcl;, YEQO)V)
'Axa'to.AfJX'ta (aroJ.1a)
naQuYQ. 81, 82.
2) IIaQaxeLl-tEvo~ xaL CYnEQ01JvtEALXO~ 'tfj~ eOQLO'tLxfj~.

. ~naQEI-t<pa'tov xaL ME'toxil
'to'u Qtil-ta'to~ l:u0J.1at.
-ANArNnI'MA
To XQOVtXO 'trov 24 clQX0V'tO)V

(~no
-to n8QLobLXOV EPQH)
" .. :H IIayxa0l-tLa BOUAil tXE EYXQLVEL. To 'HnELQo)'tLxO
KOYXAo.~LO ElxE anmllaoLO'EL. ~ 'tomxil XU~EQVfJO'fJ ElxE ~La'taxSfj

va EX'tEAEO'EL. ot 24 "AQXovtE~-~Qxav'tLO'O'E~ ~'tav AunfJl-tEVOL-E~.
AUQLO Sa enQEnE va xa'tE~ouv O''to ~'tMJLO IIoA.El-tou xat
'ExSQa'tfJ'to~. 'E6w xat noA.A.E~ 6ExaE'tw~ 'to ~sEQav Ko.no'tE ~'tav

mo noA.A.oL ~Lya mya 'tou~ A.LyaO'tEuav. Kat Xo.nO'tE Sa 'tou~ avtLxaSLO''tOiJO'av EvtEAW~. ~ nayxaOl-tLa ~oUA.il EIXE O''tELAEL 'ta 'tEA.LXa
OXE~La. ~'tilv ~QEva Sa xa'tE~aLVaV 7 aQXOvtE~-aQxavtLOO'E~. ea
EnL~oiJO'av 2 avtQE~ xat 2 yuvaLxE~. eH 'J\A.E<pa xaL ~ "E'ljJLA.ov Sa
xQa'toiJO'av OiJ6E'tEQfJ SEOfJ YLa va naQal-tELVOUv O'tOU~ 21. eo
"I~Aas xat 0 "OVLO~ Sa "O'xa'twvav" EvtUnWmaxo., 'tov "Hl-taxQo,
'tov UY'ljJLA.O xat 'tov "QQavo. 4 SUO'w~, 4 Qval-ta'ta, 2 XQavLa I-tE'ta
'tilv evtasfJ, 2 XQavLa nQtv 'tou~ XQuoou~ 'OA.U!-t1tLaxO'\J~.
H 'tOmxil XU~EQVfJO'fJ nQaSul-ta tmo.xOUE. 'AvExaSEv. Kat
I-ttiVUO'E 'to oAoxau'tWl-ta 'tillv 'Av6Qillv. 'EXELVOL ~sEQav
ot
on
203
tol
'5no.l~AD9 5nooo)'~(M, 5Q.0.l ~U '50A~ri(T)rin9 AD.l~ ~OVV
O. 'mvvv(cl).1 59 chocl O. '5D~~Q1Q 50.l(})01 O. ' D1A9 0X 81 A1 01

5(T)10,. '~1~3V ~.l 91V, 'DriU1')-.lX 9.l0(T)0 9.1 'no"f'(~ (!.O.l 903.lD10~
A9.l 91~ 3Xy).g 1DX 59A~ (!.O.l OchD.l90X 91~3Q A9.l 91~ 30DO~1
nox~"(91, (!.O.l n09Q 9.1 'OADO~,. A9.l1DX AO"(1m.A,. A9.l3~cho~ n01AO,
(!.O.l ooo~"( AOOX1riO,. 9.1 '003.l9).1,,( VN3 '30(!.OOU"(DOD1 ~OVV

'} 1D)I 'Z ADA1).~ vZ 10 'OX~O A9.l0 no.l ~Xnm. A4-.l 3"(Dg~ 500~X
O. '~"(D1~ 3(13).11 59.lQ-V 'AOOXDriH,. A9.l ~1QODX A4-.l0 30(T)chO~X
1DX ~D,,(91,. '} 3ltJ.3 '(T)O~A01 ~O
l?9
A~V '~ch"(3Q~ 3ri DOqlX).n~-
D}D"0 H.
'5')-oQD1<;? 5Q.0.l ADA(T))OJ.D~~ 5no.l ~nox~Q
~.1 'AitOo~rin90l1"( ~A 53ri10~ AD.l~ AO"(1m.3,. If 1DX Dch3"(Y" H. 'VN3
AO.lD1X~"(nO.l 130),,(9noO ~A nO.l n09Q 9.l 30(T)X~0 ~D"(91,. O. '5130.1
5Q.0.l 3D1.lql"(DriX1D 1DX no.l oo.oe;>"( AOOX1rig 9.l 3~D.l~1 501AO,. O.
'ADXU.lD~ri1O.l~ 10VO '5~XoOD1 5~X1A(T)A10X A39YQ 51.l 1DX '53)"(1ri'}
5~X1.lDririox '5130~Q13 51.l ~ri 53.l)"(01 5nori(T)oX,)-,,(01 5Q.0.l 3~1A91ch~
~(T)A1')-g3"(U.1 If DOC[} 1\4-.l 4-.lQ-V 'XO.1 9"(DX 9.l ~U 'OVV A9.l ~U

'53.lAOXO~
10 A(!.09(T).lOXO
~I\ 31301~ ~9 DOql.1 'DAit09riODX I\DO
-U1')..lX 53A~lCriDx 10 '53.lAoXo~ vZ 5Q.0.l
l?U
'D09chu.lDAD9 ADADri~O
x).9x). ~.1 '5~.lXD1.lch 1DX (T).l03,. 'AD01XO~ 53)XDrioAoW 10 1D)I

'VWIV 131~9 ~A 3"(39~ 59D"( 50A~ri301D1Q DAX3.lAj] O. '30(!.oA1xA.nO
A~Q UoD093"(lu 1\4-.l .:u~ 4-,,(no8: 4-.l0 o"(')-~ 9.1 'ori09x ADn3~~ri A~Q
o1odri~oN A~l.lDX O1"t"oL A~l. 5~l.oo~ 5~x1AO~ 10 '3ADgri~"(3AitD A~Q
D)riOAit.lD~ H. '3I\DAO~Q A~Q 10"(DXO~Q 10 'ADO(!.0101OADx15Q.0.lI\~Q
D1DXOO.l ~.1 ')0"("(01 AD.1i\.Ol\ql.lOXO A~Q n"("(~o ~.l~ '30(!.0101OADX1
A~Q 00mch09Qo1 9.1 'AD.l9~1AoQIf OQ31~). 9.1 'D)riOAit.lDV, AD.l
-9~D130X A~V '5nori1D9ri039 5Q.0.l ADO(!.O.l3AitD 53xD"(')-ch l ox1 Q13 10
'10ri(T)OX,)-,,(01 513,,(ogo01 10 'O.l{lri3). ~x1.lxncho~ AD.l~ O1Q~.lD 9.1
5~.L 51J1. ha ODA3 .. H.

'''5,)-oxD1lCrin,,(0, 5Q.00noX 5Q.0.l ~1).lD)I 'no.l D),,(OXQ-3 A4-.l ~U 'no.l
~ODO')-OX3~ A4-.l l?U '(!.OD"( (!.O.l 9"(DX 9.l l?U ')0.lXD1.lcb AD.l~ 53A(})).~
~H:nOVJ IH>lINHW3 IVIVXdV V1VJ.I\IH9VJ.I\I
HJOJV H>lINHW3
MA8HMA 180v
To 3t@Orro EixoO'&'t't@aru@o
ALYOL Elxuv lLELVEL txuVOJtOLTJlLEVOL. Movo 8.000 UU'tOXLVTj'tLO'tLxu. rUQoo o'tou~ 98.000 EX'tOVOO'tLXOU~ <povou~-60A.0<pOVLE~.
IIEQLJtou 3.666 ElLJtQTJOlLoi. o'ta 6uoTJ. Kut 6Ev avuyyEA.8TJxUV
'AvUJtUQX'tE~ KOLvoovLxE~ IIUQOXE~.
"Eva Mfjva M'tu

na va ~QElLi)OTJ 0 AAOl: ~ IIuYXOOlLLU BOUA.TJ EmELA.E LEQUQXLxu TEA.EOLYQU<PO va 8uow080uv xul. aHoL-aHE~.
'EJtuXOA.ou8TJoUV ot O<PUYE~ 'tfj~ TEA.EiU~, 'tou KOlLlLU'tO~, 'tfj~
'O;Eiu~, x.A.Jt. "E'tOL ~QElLTJOUV ot JtoxLMXQOOlLOL oJtu60L. fia 'to
xuM 'tou~. M 'tTJv EUXOA.La 'tou~.
"Eva X@ovo 'A@yO'tE@a

'R SOOTJ EYLVE ~EXOUQUO'tTJ. ot aJtOA.UUOEL~ ~'tuv JtQOOL'tE~ OE
OA.ou~. OAOI ~'tuv LoOL. Kui. Mv XQELUO'tTJXE Eto~OA.TJ aJto XUVEVU.
'A<pou lLE OA.OU~ 'tOu~ A.UOU~ ~'tuv <pLA.OL; 8EA.UVE UU'tOXLVTJ'tO;
IIouA.oUOUV 6LUlLEQLOlLU. 8EA.UVE XO'tEQO; IIOUA.OUOUVE XOOQU<PLU.
8EA.UVE XPTIOTI OAYMIIIAKOTI 1996; IIOYAHl:ANE KAI
THN (r) EAAAL\A. Kui. o'ta 0X0A.ELU JtUVTJYUQLSUVE DA.OL.
IIi)ymvuv DJtO'tE ilSEA.UV. ri)JtE6u JtUV'toU. KUQu DA.OL. BLV'tEO;
'AJto 2-3 ma OJtL'tLU 'tOU~. BL~A.LU; 'tL va 'ta xuvouv;
20 X@Ovta 'A@yo'tE@a
Ta 0X0A.ELU L\EN llJtfjQXUV. BL~A.LU L\EN llJtfjQXUV. EIxuv
8UOLUOEL 'ta JtEQLOOO'tEQU Wto 'ta 24 YQUlLlLU'tU.. To JtuL6i. Exunu~E EQOO'tTJlLu'tLxa 'tTJ lLulLU 'tou ... -4>AO; L\TJA.. SEA.OO va <puoo. 'R lLulLa
aJtUV'tTJOE: nox <put. To YLOX 'tOlLUSE aJto 'tTJV TouQxUA.U IIoA.L'tLxTJ
<puyu6u. '0 lLJtulLJta~ YXUQLOE. -E.OO.A. L\TJA.. ~MJtoo TooV'tu. '0
EQYU'tTJ~ XU'tEVEUOE: -A.LA. L\TJA.. MUA.Lo'tu. '0 6TJlLOOLO~ lJJtUA.A.TJA.O~ <pWVU~E. -L\IATAETE. l:'to rurrAO JtQO'LO'tUlLEVO 'tOU. '0
'AQXTJYo~ l:'tQuwu 6LU'tUJtOOOE uJtO'tUX'tLXO'tU'tU 'tTJV YVWlLTJ 'tou: O,T! IIIl: E4>ENTI 'M, o'tov oxoUQoXQOOlLO uJtouQYo 'AlLuVTj~. '0
uJtouQYo~ Jtm6ELa~ (xui. JtQWTJv EevLxfj~ Jtm6ELa~ xui. eQTJOXEUlLU-
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA~
EJ\J\HNIKH~ rJ\OnH~
'tWV) eO"tELAE 'tl.~ JtQO'tU(JE~ 'tOU (J'tO EUQwJtu'Cxo KOVYXAU~LO. -~N

IIIAPXI IIPOBAIMA. l:IMONA ME TIl: O~IrIEl: l:Al: 0
AAOl: MASENI EKOAA ....
To2015
~EV ELXUV Jtu'tQL6u. T~v dxuv JtOUAi](JEL 'to 1996. ~EV dxuv
XWQUqJLU. ~qJou 'to: XUVUVE XO'tEQU. ~EV ELXUV (JJtL'tLU. ~qJou YLVUVE uU'tOxLVrJ1;u. TO: XO'tEQU ~OUALUSUVE, 't' UU'tOXLVT)'tU 'tQUXUQUVE,
'to: ~LV'teo XUAciOUVE ... ~qJou SEAUVE IIPOL)'ATEl: IAOYl: YLVUVE l:KAABOI. TO: Jtu6L<1. 'toov l:xL't(Jwv-KoIlLX~ 6EV SEAUVE YQUllllu'tU, 3YAA CtJ'tEAEX'Yj'tU...
...Kul. 'to IlUO'tLYLO 'tou BPQIIAIOY JtL<J'tu't'Yj E't(JOUt;;E IlE 't~ 9
OUQE~ 'tOU. l:'tl.~ XXA'YjOLE~ ot JtUJtU6E~ SEQUVE lloVO 'to "KUQLE
'EAE'YjOOV" xul. 'to "AMHN". SUIlLt;;UV KQNITANTINOYIIOAH
'tfj~ 29-5-1453. 'H uQX~ eYLvE 'to XUAOXULQL 'tou '74. ~cb(JUIlE YLO:
"L(JOQQOJtLU" 't~v IlL(J~ KUJtQo. (30.000 KuA.6Y'YJQOL xul. lloVO 5.000
O'tQU'tLcl)'tE~ YLO: 't~v UJtEQUOJtLO'Yj 'tfj~ IIOAHl: ... ) l:'t~v JtUAL<l.
'EAA'YjVLX~ XEQOOV'Yj(Jo, JtOlJ 'tOlJ~ 't~v XUVUVE BUAXUVLXi]. l:'t~v XaLVOUQYLU NO'tLU BQWJtU'LX~ 'EJtUQXLU. TO: JtaL6LO: 'tou ~OAEIlU'to~ xul.
'tfj~ ~'YjIlOXQU'tLU~ "6EV IlUSuLvuve" EAA'YjVLXO: YQullllum ... Au'tO:
(JlJVE~'Yj(JUV <J't0: JtaL6LO: JtOlJ 'to: 'tcht;;uv IlE IlUQIlEAcibu EtQi]VT)~ xul.
'ljJwlll. L(JO't'Yj'tU~, uqJou IlUSULVOUV (J't0: axoAEiu 'to "XAEJ.tIlEVO
"OLVLXLXO" ~qJu~'Yj'to... "
B. PovroyuivvYJr;
206
MA9HMA 190v
M6.81)"a 190v
_IYNTAKTIKON
Ta XllgLc.t:rtEga gTJ!La'ta 'tet on:oia
ollvtaOOOvtaL!Le n:'tWOLV reVLXTJV.
(BA. ~UVtaX1:. nUe1:~avolJ Jtueaye. 67).
-FPAMMATIKH
IIEgL'tEALXOU "v". ~EW)E~ 75,167,169,170,171,
172,197,311, an:o 'tTJV NEOEAAHNIKH
rPAMMATIKH'tou xa8T1"(1l'tou 'Axa()T1!Lalxou
x. 'Ay. Toon:avaxTI. ('AvayvwOL~):
"~e un:Eg/3aoTl 'tWV ()LXaLW!La'twv xaL 'tWV ()llva'tO'tTJ'tC.ov 'tOU

JtgQ(pogLxou MyOll o'tTlgL~OV'taL xaL 'tgEXOV!LEVOL xavovE~ YLa 'to
'tEALXO -v, n:ou o'tov n:QQ(pogLxo Myo aqJO!LOLwvE'taL !Ln:goo'ta oe
/lEQLxa mJj..tqJwva, ()La'tTlgEL'taL oj..tw~ !l3tgoo'ta oe aAAa. ot xavovE~
aU'tOL eIVaL /3E/3atu qJllOLxoL, ()T1A. aV'tO/la'tOL, YLa 'tov av8gwn:0 n:ou
/lLAa 'tTJv YAwooa 'tOll (EO'tW xai av L()LO~ oihE 'tOu~ ;EgEL oihE
'tou~ avttAaj..t/3aVETat) 0XL oj..tw~ 'tooo qJllOLXOL xaL YLa XELVOV n:ou
't~v ygaqJEL ~ YLa Evav ;EVO, YLa'tL av'to~ n:gEn:EL va 'tou~ an:oj..tVTtj..toVEVOTl, j..tE an:o'tEAEOj..ta 'tTJv OVYXllOTl. ~e OAE~ 'tL~ NEOEAATlVLXe~
rgaj..tj..ta'tLxE~, o'tou~ 'tVn:Oll~ 'fOv, 'f1jv, 'tOU OgLO'tLXOU ag8go11, fvav,
puiv, 'tOU aogLo'toll ag8go11, 'fOv, 'f1jv, 'tWV OllYXEXOj..tj..tEVWV avtwVll/lLWV, av'fov, aV'f1jv, x.a., 'to 'tEALXO -v OTl!LELWVE'taL j..tEoa oe
n:agEv8EOTI: .6(v), .~(v), evav(v), f-lui(v), av.6(v), av.~(v), ()T1!LLo1Jgywvta~ E'tOL 'tTJV 'ljJEV'tLX~ evtvn:wOL O'tL 'to -v eIVaL n:gOaLgE'tLXO,
207
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rJ\Qn:H~
on 6TJA. fl3tOQEL va 3taQaAElJtE'tUL. To 'i6LO taxUEL %aL YUl 'ta "tv ,

uti'V, P7J'V, beEi'VO'V, beEf:VTfV, 3toil YQa(fJOV'tUL %aL 3tQO(fJEQOV'tUL %OAo~a, e3tEt6il O'Ufl~ai.vEL 'to 'tEAL%O -v va a(fJOflOLtOVE'tUL <TtOv 3tQOqJoQL%O Myo, fl3tQOO'ta oe OQLOflEva OUfl(fJWva. 'l\A.Ao~ OflW~ ElvUL 6
3tQO(fJOQL%O~ Myo~ %aL aAAo~
YQa3t'to~, %aL iJ 7rautikt'f/nJ f:oi}
f:Mt'Xofj -'V (/ ainoiJ~ f:oiJ~ ruappaf:t'XoiJ~ f:V7rOV~ %aL oe aMOlJ~,
t6Lai.'tEQa <TtilV aL'tLa'tL%il 'toov aQoEVL%OOV oe -o~, <Tta 8TJAU%a OUOLa<TtL%a 3toil EXOUV OflOLOV wno <TtilV OVOfla<TtL%il %aL aL'tLU'tL%il ('tilv)
rvxrJ - (,,) rvX'YJ %aL oe aAAE~ nEQL3t'two!>L~, "fJPwvUrEi 7ruop;'7Jpaf:a
tniJ'V /iPEO'1J 'Xa'ra'VofJO'1J 'roiJ ;,orov. Au'to OflW~ eIvUL aV'tteE'to
nQo~ 'tilv ano<TtoAil 'tfj~ rQaflfla'tL%fj~ %aL 'tilv avaY%TJ 'tfj~ bn%OL-
vwvLa~.
To
v. "Eva a3to 'ta oTJflaVn%O'tEQa 6dYflaLa LOOV 6LU(fJOQOOV

avaflwa o'tilv 3tQO(fJoQL%il %aL Lilv YQa3t'til floQ(fJil 'tfj~ ~TJflOLL%fj~,
a3tOLEAEL " OUflnQO(fJOQa %aL " 'tUXTJ LOU v o'to eOWLEQL%O %aL
%UQi.w~ OLO 'tEAO~ 'tOOV AE;EWV, %an 3tOV e;EAi.X8TJ%E oe flEyaAo
oQ80YQa(fJL%0 nQO~ATJfla 'tOU YQa3t'tou fla~ Myou.
a) v + gJ W v if e v. ElvUL YVW<TtO OLL, a3tO Lilv aQxata e3tOX~, LO
v, LOOO OLO eOWLEQL%O 'toov M;EWV, 000 %aL O'to LEAO~ 'tOU~, nQooaQflotE Li)v EVQLVTJ 3tQo(fJoQa lOU 3tQO~ 'to EI60~ LOOV (fJ80yywv 3toil
a%oAou80uoav 3t.X. %oV'ta <Tta (fJW~EV'ta nQO(fJEQO'tav %a8aQo..
P) v
+ aVj.lgJwvo.
1) Me 'ta XEtA.L%a OUfl(fJWVa 'to v yi.VELUL XEtA.L%O (j.l): ouv~ou

AEUW, EV-3tOQO~, O'Uv-(fJoQa -+aVj.l{3ovAevw, ewto(!o~, aVj.lgJo(!ci.
2) Me 'ta OUQaVL%a LQE3tELUL oe OUQaVL%O (y): ev
-y6vo~, ev-
'XWj.lO~, avv-xw(!w-+eyyovo~ , ey'Xwj.lw, avyxw(!w.
3) Me La MOV'tL%a flEVEL aflELa~ATJ'to: Ev-6ufla, ev-8UflLO, aUv'tflo~.
208
MA0HMA 190v
ITlJ.tELWOUJ.tE
~~Tl O'tL 'to v btTlQEa~EL O'UYXQOVOO~ 't~V :7tQO<POQa
_
,
u
T
,,,
_
,
\
I1EQLXOOV oU!l<poovoov, OltOO~ ELvm 'tU UTJXU O'tLYJ.tLmu X.lt,'t, xm 'tU
(xV'tLO'tOLxa 'tOU~ OUV8E'tU s,t\', 'to (=XO, ltO), ltOV 'ta ltXTJQOltOWL OE
g. b. d xuL g~, b~. d~, aVtLO'tOLXU: EJ.t-boQo~, EV -gWJ.tLO, ouv-doJ.to~,
'tOY g~EVO, 'toJ.t b~EU'tTJ. 't~V d~EltTJ , xooQL~ va xavTJ 't~v EVQLVTJ
ltUQOUOLU'tOU.
u) To v oJ.too~ a<poJ.tOLwvE'tm O't~v O'UvaV'tTJoi} 'tou J.tE 'ta liTJXu
E~UXOAou8TJ'tLXa <p, x, e, 0, J.tE ltUQaMTJATJ UltA.o:7tOI.TJOTJ O't~v ltQO!POQLX~ xOLvi} ... J.tE alto'tEA.eoJ.tU va 8EOOQTJefj (ES uhl.u~ 'tfj~ a<poJ.tol.ro(JTl~ xuL UltAOltOI.TJoi)~ 'tou) avUltuQx'to... 'to -v uU'to ~EV ~'tav xuL
Mv eIvm "E<pEAXUO'tLXO", ~TJA. EU<pOOVLXO xuL ltEQLO'tUOLUXO, o'tL~
:7tEQL1t'tWOEL~ UU'tE~ xuL 'tL~ oJ.tow~, aAA.a EVU JIOvtJlO xui. O'tU8EQO
cnotXEio 'tij; llt)vtxij; yACO'O'U;
P) 'YltfjQXE oJ.too~, aV'tI.O'tQo<pu, ~ <pUOTJ 'troY O'UJ.t<pwvoov x, It, 't,

!llt' V't, yx, J.t1tQoo'ta O'ta <>ltOLU 'to -v EltQEltE va :7tQo<pEQ8fj
~ va YQu<p'tfj, xuL UU'to ~TJJ.tLOUQYOUOE ltQOf3Ai}J.tU'ta xuL oUYXUOTJ.
AiJ'to MTJYOUOE OE ltEQL1t'tOOOLOAOYi.a xuL alt0J.tVTJJ.t0VEUOL, J.tLa ltOV
~'tuv aMvu'to va SEQOUV xuL va SEXOOQI.~OUV 01. liv8Qoo:7tOL ltOLa
oUJ.t<poovu ~'tuv O'tLYJ.tLaLU, ESUXOAOu8TJ'tLxa, ltXTJQa, UTJXU X'tA. KuL
va YQa<pouv ~ va ltuQuAEmouv 'to -v, xui., :7tQoltaV'toov, xue<b~ <>
xa8EVU~ J.tLAd uU8oQJ.tTJ'tu -OooO'ta ~ Aa8o~-, YQa<pEL oJ.too~ J.tE OXEt\'L.
~, 'ljJ, 'ta,
To -v 3tQmEt va YQq>nut 3tunoU 03tOll ti3tOVOt'tut. '0 xuvo"av oev lM)m" ltQO<PEQOO ltEQL:7tOU "a ov lM)m" aM' EIJ.tm 't000 f3Ef3mo~ O'tL ltQO<PEQOO "av oev
A()m" roO'tE J.tOAL~ ~ro YQUJ.tJ.tEvo "a ov lA()m" su<pvtO:~o!Lm xuL J.tE
ltOVEL'tO J.ta'tL... To L~LO O'UJ.tf3Ui.VEL o'tav AEYOO "7:0 {JamMa", dJ.tm
f3Ef3mo~ It<b~ AEYOO "7:0V {JamMa", uL08av0J.tm'to N ... liMO 'to ElvE
O'tO "7:0 lrawt" xuLliMO 'to ElvE o'to "7:0 {JuatJ..ia "...
VU~ dvm t\'llXOAOYLXO~. "O'tUV AEYOO
MOAL~ aQxLoouJ.tE va AEJ.tE "'to <PQOVLJ.tO" ~ "<PQOVLJ.tO" Elvm

aMvu'to va J.t~v ltaTJ <> VOU~ J.tU~ O'to OME'tEQO, xuL 8a Elvm XUAO
va axoAouei}0TJ ~ A. lratOi. "Av oJ.too~ axoAou8i}0TJ 'to aQO'l>VLxo
209
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH!
rJ\OnH~
oaa"aAo sa. XQELao'tfj va. YUQtOOU~E VOEQa. 3tLoW xaL va. u3toxa'tu_
o't~OOU~E OLW3tT)Qa. 'to aQOEVLXO "rov cpeOVl/iO oaa"aAo", YLa. va
E~ou6E'tEQcboOU~E 't~V EXXQE~o'tT)'ta.
~)
n' aino,
o't~v
WEx600T)
'tfj~ MLXQfj~ N EOEAAT)VLxi'j<;
rQa~~a'tLxfj~, 'tOU M. TQLaV't(l(pUAAi.6T), 3tO" Ex608T)XE a3to 'to
'IvO'tL'tOU'tO NEOEAAT)VLXWV L3tou6wv, "I6Qu~a MavoATJ

TQLaV'taq)'IJAAt6T), eEooaAovtXT) 1975, 3taQuYQ. 136, Evaw~a'tcbST)XE
a3toq:>aoT) 'tOU 6LOLXT)'tLXOU LU~~ouAtou YLa. 't~v 6La't~QT)0T) 'toii
'tEALXOU -v- 3tUvtO'tE, o3tOLo6~3tO'tE oU~q:>(1)'VO xaL UV axoAou8fj, O'ti,<;
axoAou8E~ 3tEQL3t'tcboEL~:
a) o'to uQSQo "'tov" 3tQLv a3to E3tLeE'tO iJ 3tQi,v a3to ovo~a XUQLO:
~EYUAO VLXT)'t~, '(oV ~wV'tavo 3tEQtYUQO, rov VEOq:>EQ~EVO, rov
XELQO'tEQO' rov <l>at6ova, rov MaVOAT), rov Po!6T)'
~) O'ta. uXAL'ta Oiv, aav: aav XL6VL, oev ()eAw'
y) o'to uQSQo nov: rwv q:>LA.WV ~OU'
6) o't~v 'tQL't03tQOOW3tT) 3tQOOW3tLX~ aV'twvu~ta 'tOV: rov
~A.E3tw .. "
rov
'0 t6LO~ 0 MavoAT)~ TQLav'taq:>uA.A.wT)~ o't~v 3taQuYQ. 184 'tfj~

NEOEAAT)VLXfj~ rQa~~a'tLxfj~ ('ti]~ 6T)~O'tLXfj~) 'tOU 1941 ElvUL 3tOAU
yEvvaLo~ of. O,'tL aq:>oQu 't~v 6La't~QT)0T) 'toii -v. AEEL 6T)A.: "To
reAl"o v cpvAayeral arr/v iVl"", alnan"", roiJ aeaevl"oiJ .7tOAAWV

av'(wVV/ilWV "at aVrWVV/il"WV em()irwv -,(00'0(;, /faor;, /f.7totor;,
"MOtor;, /fAor;, cUAOr; X.'tA. -o'fav 6 (=6v) O'UV6iovtUL O'tEVa. ~
't~v aXOAOUST) A.E~T) iJ o'tav au't~ aQxt~T) a3to q:>WVfjEV
ou~q:>wvo: r eYlVer; roaov "al(}o; .7tOWV {JAe.7telr; e"ei;
KaL ~ovov
iJ
O'tLY~LaLo
EYXA.ELO!LO~ 'toii -v of. 3taQEvSEOT) O'ta. ~L~Ai.a
(xai
'tfj~ OXOA.txfj~) rQa~~a'tLxfj~ (XALo1) 'toii uQSQou) XAovt~EL '\jJUXOAO-
YLXa. 't~v v3toO'tao~ 'tou ro~ ava3too3tao'tOu q:>WVT)'tLXOU O'tOLXELoU

'toii VEOEAAT)VLXOU A.6you. ElvaL ~E~aLO O'tL o~~EQa axo~a it
n:a@ollO'La 'foil -v ad; Ex9EO'L; 'frov p.t(91)'frov xat 'frov ;'3t01j11)qJLo)V
YUl LO'aYffi"(LXE; EsnaO't; O'1)p.tL<OvnaL 0,; l..a90; Wto 'f0"; 6LO@9m'tE; - x(91)Y1J'fE;.
210
MA6HMA 190v
'EnL nAEOV, 'to 0lll-taV't'LXO'tEQo nQo~A.lll-ta, nov xal-tVo'Ul-tE (),,[,L

Mv 'to xa'taA.a~ai.vo'U!-tE, ElvaL" /l-amu57:rrm 'rij~ n(!oamx()euir; /l-a~
va ano/l-vyt/l-ovevaovw 'rov~ "av6ve~ 'rij~ aq;o/l-oi(J)OYf~ fj 'rij~ ~ta'ryt
eytayt; wi] -v I-tnQoo'ta a' aina ~ a' eXELva 'ta ouwprova ~ cproVtlEVta, xav6vE~ nov ~ nQocpoQLX~ yA.wooa 'tov~ ecpaQl-tO~EL xroQ~ va
'tov~ ~EQll, ~ YQan't~ ol-tro~ 'tov~ I-tnEQ~EVEL, ij 'tov~ ayvoEL, enEL~~
ejtL~aAAEL 't~v an0l-tVlll-t0VE'U0tl 'to'U~, xroQL~ va 'tov~ acp0l-t0LOOVll,
onO)~ 'to ~AEno'Ul-tE OA.OL I-ta~ xa9E I-tEQa oF, oA.a 'ta xEi.l-tEva. Au'to
O'UI-t~ai.vEL, enEL~~ xavEva~ ~Ev ~EQEL 'ta allXa <J't'Lyl-tLaLa 1\ E~axo
Ao'U911'tLxa OU'tE 'ta TtXllQa O'tLyl-tLaLa ~ e~axoA.o'U911'tLxa o{,l-tcprova,
yw. va nQooaQl-tO~ll avaA.oya'to YQa'ljJLl-tO 'to'll.
n' au'to, it rQaflfla'tLX1}
au't~ I-tLAU xal e~llYEL 't~v acp0l-t0l.ro0ll
'toil -v o't~v nQocpoQLX~ yA.wooa, cnJvLO'ta Ofl(O~ 't1}V YQaqlit 'to" of;
oJ..t:~ 'ti,~ ai.'tLa'tLxf;~ 'too oQLO'tLxoii xa" too clOQUrtO" c'iQ9Qo" tOv 'titv, evav -flUlV, 'trov clV't(oVtJflLroV 'tov -titv, a;,'tov - a;,'titv, txEivov
-txEiv1)v (tov'tov -'tov't1)v), 1tOOOV -1tO(1)V, 'tooov -'to(1)V, OOOV 001JV x.'tA... 'trov cnJvbOflrov, 'trov 1tLQQ1)p.Ut(Ov biv, flit v, ouv, 'trov
c'ivaQOQ(Ov 1tLOitrov xa" o;,oLaO'tLxrov x.a. 'tov qliw, ti}v qltl.1), 'tov
~#.i1t(O, 't1}V ~#.i1t(O, qlwva; 'tov -'t1)v, bv OI.(O, fl1}V ~LUtO(J.I" ouv
flvya, a;,'tov Y"Qv(O
AEv ~a~o'Ul-tE oF, naQEv9Eoll 'to v 'tf1~ ahLa'tLxf1~ 'tov - 'ttlV,

Evav - I-tLaV, YLa'tL au'to ElvaL oQyavLxo <J't'OLXELo 'tf1~ yA.ooooa~
I-ta~, xaL 0XL enELoo~Lax6, ~llA.. EUcproVLXO 1\ ecpEA.x'U<J't'LX6.
***
211
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rAOUH!
I1A MIAN ODTIKH TOY HXOY

Ka:rwr:e, f.lla f.le(Ja xel(Jo7:e(J'f/ xat 7:ij~ KV(Jlaxij~, 7:0 avvelO'f/7:0:rr:o{'f/aa! 11 :rr:(Jwr:evovaa if 15Ao 7:0 f.lax(Jo~ 7:'f/~ elxe yef.lWel 7:(JV:rr:E~.
"OXl aK atJ7:e~ :rr:ov avo{yovv ol e(Jyar:e~ 7:OV L1tjf.lOV mov~ v:rr:ovof.l0V~. Maw Yla 7:t~ aUe~, :rr:avw a7:t~ :rr:(Joao'I/Jel~ 7:WV V'I/J'f/2wv X.'f/(Jtwv, 15:rr:ov :rr:(Joaexnxa mtjvovml ol e:rr:ty(Jacpe~ E7:ateetWv, lO(Jvf.la7:WV xat xama7:'f/f.la7:wv. (/Ja(Jf.laxeiO, KacpeveiO, Alf.la7:020ytxO
Kev7:(JO, nau3aywytxO 1Vml7:0V7:0. nov 0 eeo~ va /Jci2el 7:0 xe(Jl
7:ov.
I7:o 7:'f/2ey(Jacpeio 7:WV vevf.lau))v f.leyci2'f/ avama7:wa'f/ e:rr:tx(Ja7:ei if 15A'f/ 7:i} yel7:0vla. Mtj:rr:w~ elval xaveva~ ~evo~ oaX7:v20~ 7:0V
7:v:rr:ov NOVA MAKEDONIA, If f.ltj:rr:w~ 7:0V 'cpvye 7:OV f.l:rr:oYla7:'t;,ij 7:0
r:e2evmio 'I/J'f/cp{o xat Ef.lewe av020x2tj(Jw7:0 a:rr:o af.le2ela If, oev
a:rr:oxAdemt, a:rr:o olxovof.l{a;
Ma elval ovva7:ov; NO. aov cpuaxvel 0 (Jacp7:'f/~ Eva w(Jaio
aaxaxl :rr:ov 7:0 Eva f.lav{Xl 7:OV 2emet, Xl eav va xvx20cpo(Jei~ f.le
xaf.la(Jt, 15:rr:w~ 0 xaa7:(Ja7:o~ :rr:ov leJ{qJ otxau1Jf.la7:l Et.t:rr:awe a7:a xa(Jef.lla, Xl a~ 7:OV EAet:rr:e xan'
(/Ja{veml :rr:w~ Tj 't;,wi} aV7:i} DeV Eywe Yla va e:rr:t7:evxOei "xan
ovaxoAo If xan 7:0 V'I/J'f/AO ". KaOoAov. "'Eywe Yla 7:i}v evxo2ta f.la~.
"IIovael 06v7:t, /Jya't;,el 06vn" :rr:ov E2eyav ~l :rr:a2awL nOVael :rr:e(Jta:rr:wf.lev'f/, /Jya't;,el :rr:e(Jw:rr:wf.lev'f/ :rr:ovael oaaeia, /Jyaf;el ()aaeia. Kat
Aaf.l:rr:(Ja ml(Jlaf;ovv 152a.
Ivyyvwf.l'f/V, a22a 7:0 aw/J(Jaxo aov Mv 7:' acptjvel~ va cpa{veml
:rr:od 7:OV. ~Ua 7:0 cpo(Jei~. L1ev elvat 7:0 :rr:(JaX7:lXO f.le(Jo~ 7:WV
:rr:(JaYf.la7:wv :rr:ov :rr:(Jw7:evet a7:i} f;wtj f.la~. TO. 7:(J{a 7:e7:a(J7:a 7:ij~
avO(Jw:rr:07:'f/m~ ()ta/Jwvv Xa7:a AaOo~. L1tay(Jacpovv 7:0 :rr:e(Jl7:7:0V,
212
lZ
(AO'!nXOt;? mirinoJ..Jug.) 1DA!!.SY. 'SOJ..0VK 'SO"(I}-ll 'It)(~8L 'A<.!ld>O"(O)I
'SOJX 'ltAOl}-ri3: 'o,OOl,triQ, AD~JO 1\>1<1 A~d>oO llllAtM.O~)1i S13,,(9u 1\>l.ug, 'I
0l,3CpOOA.Uooiht 1'OX'" 5ro30c,tch 5!p, 13e~A.3ti q,1 'A91UA8 1'OAp 5ro"{Q

1'OA!J.e U.1D1ltl? 9.1 9 lt l? '50,,{09J chti l? l'O~n01X>lt A~.1 1'Ox ~Q 5ro}otiQ,
'AOOUtiQ" A30U}Olt~ 5n.oA~A.1Du"{3W 0.0.1 5o.olt3Q-tI A~.1 A1l.UtiQ-tI
5'Oti~A. 1'Ox 'UAOc,tti~ A~ A109~'OtiV, 51'0.1 'Oti~ A38,,{~ 5Q 'Aro}'OW
~Q 0.0.1 '5!J.,,{,,{3ltV, ~Q 0.0.1 '50ltroA~"{3W ~Q 0.0.1 '5uQ~och1lt3, ,Q 0.01
'50tiuchQ-3 ~Q 0.0.1 'S~lt0310"{1 ~Q 0.0.1 '5uQJAotiQI, ~Q 0.01 '5u~"(XQ-3
~Q 0.01 '5~oV ~Q 0.01 '5c,t3choQ, ~Q 0.01 '5oOA.'OlO ~Q 0.01 '5003JII
~Q 0.01 '50AJV 5uoo~oe 5UOc,t0elV 'U1\}'O 'OX'OO~X A9X100101
A91 'J?1'OX 51~~1 5n.oA~A. 0.01 ~ ~Q 1103", 5000l.O~N 5IP- 51uo~xCl"toU
rOX 5(l)~DDClqO, !J,O:L ClOX~ri3"t11.L 5n.0"{"(~ ~Q 'J?1'OX '5901uti
50Q1.l~tiQ-3 1'OX n.OJ1UW If 50AoJ'OW '5~1U10lt 9500utiQ""
ClOOl,triO, DA.Oj! lDX 50J~ 'nJAO"{D3A3J
(HVVIJdU:;JJ 'QxillLL
'rD fr 5orl9.L
'1JQJ.n.o~ 1t1?~~3V)
NOcIHWO NO~ n:fl RUnVn:fl
***
SIlUJr'fL SV~DDago.
'''n.oXlt
'"
!J.O~ IfXUlU? If 32C13y. !J.O~ Itp 1X Sq~xl .It- !J.OX1'(3~ !J.O~ lf~fJv Sro:Uf?
vJltO~XOIt31. V10~1~ 13~p~V1{> l(llt 3D!J.orlro~ l(l() It~{> 5U{>CPOH, SvltlltV)/
'nltllt l(lo'Olt OMP03ltJJl 1tl(l1r1 SqOlt 3r1ao~J{>vd SQJXvwyO,
'S3ltl~ mltp 3Mllt 10 S'Orl513~1'( vXl{> sp.g
'aoolfrlo, !J.o~ Sqo~vl.a() 5r;nri

uYJ3X l(l~JJ soX~ sp ?VX rowl 'S9r1aX 9 13~PW .5ao~ P'0XVrl '!J.onv:
'su~lfylt voropo~n1JJox13 .l(lX103r1 SVMO~J{>03X 'ltOJ.vop mlt]3 Sp ?vx
----------------------------------------------------------------------------A06~ \I~He\l~
EMHNIKH ArOrH
flev XUQLW~ MEA,l)oLYEv~~ (xut YUQ E-cEX;8l) JtUQU 'tQ> MEA,l)'tL

JtO'tUflQ ... EX/":r19l) 6e "Ofll)Qo~ 6LU 'to JtOA.EflOU EvLO'tUflEVOU,
~flUQVULOL~ JtQO~ KOAQ(PWVLOU~, 608fjvUL Ofll)QO~, ye\jlt: 6e 'tilv
'IALU6u OUX; aflu, olJ6e xu'tu 'to OUVEX;E~, XU8MEQ aUYXEL'tUL, U,)J.:
"to; ....tv ExaO't!)V e\jlqlbiv yea\jl; xut EJtL6ELSUflEVO~ Ev 'tq>
JtEQLVOO'tELV 'tU~ m)AEL~, 'tQoq.>fj~ EVEXEV UJtEALJtEV. "YO'tEQOV 6e
OUVE'tE8l) I<ut OUVE'tuX;8l) uJto JtOAAWV, xut flUALO'tU uJto
IIELOLo'tQu'tou 'toiJ 'A8l)VULWV 'tuQuvvou. 2 'AVUq.>EQE'tUL 6e el.~
uU'tov xut UAAU 'tLVU JtoLtlflU'tU, ~flUtOVLUl 'IALU~ flLXQU, NOOt'OL,
'EJtLXLX;AL6E~, 'H8LEJtux'to~ Tj'tOL Laflj3OL, fluoj3U'tQUX;OflUXLa, uQUX;voflUX;LU, YEQUVOflUX;LU, KEQUflL~, 'Aflq.>LUQUOU ESEAUOL~, JtULYVLU,
OtX;UALU~ aAWOL~, EJtL8UAUflLU, XUXAO~, UflVOL, KUJtQLU.
fi]QULO~ M 'tEAEUt'i)OU~ Ev 'tfj Vtloq> 'tfj "Iq> 'tE8uJtt'UL.. EJtLYEYQUJt'tUL 6e EV 'tq> 'tUq.>q> uu'toiJ 't06E 'to EAEyetOV: EN8AAE THN
IEPAN KEAAHN KATA rAIA KAAYIITEI AN~PQN
HPQQN KO~OPA 8EION OMHPON...
[pa(p'VapClL: auYXQOUOftaL bUl 'tWV XELQWV

(JtQ~A.
OTJftEQLVOV, iiQX0ftaL o'tel xE(.a)
paxopat.: auYXQOUOftaL bL" OJtAWV
(h. ftaxava, ftTJxavTj).]
2. m:: TON OMHPON HepOIlli mOPMHN TO IIPIN AEI~OMENON.

CAQX. 'EmYQacptl)
KLXEQIOV: '''0 llELoimQa'to~, JtQG)'to~ 'tu ~t~l.la 'toli 'OlltlQO'IJ 0'Uv'lj8QOLOE,
'to JtQO'tEQOV bLaoxoQmollEva, xal 'twQa 'tel EX0'IJIlE. (De Oratore III, 137)
l:HM.: llEQl 'OlltlQO'IJ, BI;oBLXW'tEQOV xal EX'tEVEO'tEQOV,
r'JE'tou~,~a8.1ov,oEA..33.
214
~A..
BOTJ8.
BL~A..
MA9HMA 190v
OMi'rWV: "'AA.lJ9w~ 'tTjv 'Ellubu xmulbe'Uxev ou'to~ b 3tOLlJ'tTj~"

(IIoA.L'teLa 606 e).
""EOLxev ye b 3tOLlJ'tTj~ u!JXv ou'to~ yeyovevm XUQi.eL~". (N6!LOL 680 c)
"TTjv 'tQuycpbi.ctv xut 'tov ~yq..6vu ulhfj~ "OfLlJQov". (IIoA.L't. 1598)
""OfLlJQov, 3tOLlJ'tLXW'tU'tov XUL 3tQoo'tov". (607)
(~T]!L. :
Elq TOvq JI).. aT:WVLXovq c5uMoyovq vm.l{?xovv 175 OI':f]{?LXG. XW{?la.

Elpov 'Hatoc5ov, 21).
r---EVUtJri~,,~: " .. EV 'OfLf]QCP 'tcp uQlmcp XUL geLo'tu'tcp 'twv 3tOLlJ'tOOV".
Cluw 530 c)
'AUlOTOq;tiVT/~ "XQlJ01:(i EbLbu~e, 'tu~eL~, uQe'tu~, b3tf.I.oe~
uvbQoov". (Bu'tQ. l030) . - -
lll.}(iXAEt'rO~: "o~ Eyeve'tO 'toov 'Ef.f.f]vwv oocpw'teQo~ 3tuV'twv... "

-- -~---.
'Aux. 'E;;" "'E7rt'Yuaq;ai: "OuQuvo~ <XO'tQu 'tUXLOV u3tOO~eOeL ~

3tO'tE Buem(hi~ o-uvofL' 'OfL1)QO'U M9lJ uQ3tuaexaL "
-
-
(cPLA.IJt:J'tO A' !Lx. aL)
"Ti.~ YO:Q 'OfLlJQei.o~ uV'tLcpeQOL'to f.oyo~; n
(MaxT]MvLO 8ecroaA.ovLxTJ 60 !Lx. aL)
SEVOq;wV:
no 3tu'tTjQ E3tLf.LEf.oVfLevo~ 03tW~ uvTjQ uyu90~ yevoi.fLlJv,

~vuyxuoe fLe 3tuv'tu 'to: 'OfLf]QO'U e3tlJ fLu9ELV' XUL vuv
b'Uvui.fLlJv <Xv 'I"'LUbu Of.lJV XUL 'OMOOELUV U3tO 0't6fLU'tQ~
(~u!L3t60'LOV
b, 6)
215
EMHNIKH ArOrH
rAOUH~
~fhTvato~ "KuO'avbQO'~,
IlfJQO'~, &~
6 MaxEMvwv (3am.A.EV~, O'ihw~ ~v qlLAo<PfJO'L KaQvO'1;w~, ro~ btU O''tolla'tO'~ EXEW 'toov btoov 'tQ
nO'AAa". ('Em't0IL", 2,2, 127).

Mauuivva Max NrlwaJ.vr:
('OlLtALa 't'I'J eL 'to 'AQLO'tO'tEA.eWV IIav/lLwv ewlx'I'J)
"~1JO''ttlVW O''tO'u~ aVeQ<.l)jtO'1J~
va. <'ha(3uO'O'1JV 'to'UAUXLO''tO'V 'tov
"OllfJQO' nQLv nE8uVO'1JV ... "

POpJreg (JJAaneJ..dt!:
"MoAL~ 'tEAELCl>O'O'1JIlE 'to ;avabLu(3aO'llu 't01J, <pAEyollaO"tE ano
awnO'IlO'VfJO'La va. 'tov ;avaQxLO'O'1JIlE. ~XEMv, !l1tO'QO'UIlE va. nO'UIlE,
ncb~ Tj O'1JvavaO''tQO'<PTJ IlE 'tov "OllfJQO' bEv 'tEAEL<l>VEL, naQa. IlE 'tijv
~Wtl"
Ronsard: (To ava<pEQEL 6 PO'!l1tEQ AaO'EAtEQ)

"SEAW 'tQEt~ !!EQE~ YLa. va. bLU(3UO'W 'tiJv 'D.Luba 'to'U 'OlltlQO'1J,
YL' au'to .. xAEtO'E 'tTJV nOQ'ta" .
'0 nnutiqm~ EYQa<pE O'1Jxva. btLO''tO'M~ O''tov "OllfJQO'!
(T~. XCiLYXE't '''II IO.aoOLxil :n:aQcl.boo'I'J 11 'Exb. MIET)
'EnWfJ~:
(Xatyxn:)
'H nQc.O'tTj AO'YO''tEXVLXTJ IlE'tu<pQaO'fJ ano IlLa. YAooooa O'E aAATj
EYLVE 'to 250 nX. owv 6 AL(3LO'~ l\.VbQOVLXO'~, EAATjvO'QwllaLO'~, IlE'tEq>QaOE 'tTJV 'OMO'oELa o'ta Aa'twLxu. (Kat (J'IJ/L:ItA.'l'JQWVEL): Eva 'tE'tOLO'
:rwLfJlla O'av 'tTJV 'IALuba, ab-uva'tOv va dXE naQabO'8fj XWQL~
YQaq>tl .. "
'0 Bix'r(1)U Ovyxw o'to EQYO'V 'to'1J K@o ....Ild., OVO'IlU~EL 'tov
BLQYLAW "aV'tLYQa<pEa" xaL OEAtlVTj 'to'U 'OlltlQO'1J" .
II
216
MA0HMA 190v
J.le Goff, xaOTJY KOLVWV. 'EJtW't'.:

"Homere, Ie plus grand ancetre de notre culture occidentale"
(=0 "O!-lTJQo~, 0 ihjJLO'tO~ JtQoyovo~ 'ti'i~ A'lJ'tLXi'i~ !-la~ naL~ELa~).

(J. de Romilly, Pour l' Amour du Grec, OA. 131)
"EI E>EO~ E~TIN OMHPO~ EN AE>ANATOI~I ~EBE~E>Q
E1 A' AY MH E>EO~ E~TI , NOM1ZE~E>Q E>EO~ EINAI".
{'EAATJV. eJtLYQacpTJ EL~ 'tov JtLvaxa 'tou Ingres, '1<H (mOOEWOL~ 'tOu
'O!-lf)QO'lJ" ).
**
'H eocpaA!-lEVTJ aV't(A.TJ'ljJL~ O'tL 0 "O!-lTJQo~ ~EV UJti'iQ;E xat O'tL 'tel
Mo EJtTJ ElvaL ~TJ!-lLOuQYTJ!-la ~LacpoQwv eAaooovwv Qa'IjJCfJ~wv, EXEL
ltMov emo'tTJ!-lOVLXa aJtoQQLcp8i'i. MEA.E'tE~ !-lEOCfJ HIY aJtE~EL;av O'tL
eIVaL EVLata XEL!-lEVa Jtou EX0'lJV o'lJV'tE8fj aJto Eva xat 'to au'to JtQomulto. 'E; aAAO'lJ, eQE'lJVooV'ta~ JtQOoEx'tLxa OAO'lJ~ 'tou~ aQxaLO'lJ~
o'lJYYQacpEt~ Jtou avacpEQoV'taL o'tov "O!-lTJQo (xaL avacpEQoV'taL 01
ltEQLOOO'tEQOL) aJtoXO!-lL!;O'lJ!-lE 'tTJV aVa!-lcpLO~f)'tTJ'ta ~La't'lJJtw!-lEVTJ
aV'tLATJ'ljJL 'to'lJ~, O'tL O!-lLAOUV JtEQL OLXELO'lJ E~ au'tou~ LmOQLXOU JtQOou)JtO'lJ, w~ A.X.
I'r(!apwv (VI o. 218)

"La!-lLO~ ~E ~v KQEOOCP'lJAAO;, ov cpaOL ~E;a!-lEVOv ;EVL<;t JtO'tE
"O!-lTJQov, Aa~EtV ~wQov 'tTJV emYQacpTJv 'tou JtOLf)!-la'to~, 0 xaAouOLv
otxaALa~ ".AA.wo~".
At66w(!o~ It"clu;)'r7J~ (BtpA. 6,9 4)
"KaGtEQ 'tfj~ xooQa~ (~TJA. 'tfj~ ALyUJt'tO'lJ) 'to JtaAawv ~'lJOEm
~a't'o'lJ 'tOt~ ;EVOL~ oiJOTJ~, o!-lW~ EoJtE'lJOaV et~ au'tf)V ... 'twv !-lev
aQxaLO~a't'WV, 'OQCPEU~ xat 0 JtOLTJ'tTJ~ "O!-lTJQO~ ... ".
I'req;.
Bv{;avrtO~
"<J:laotv O'tL "O!-lTJQo~ ev BOALOOCP en:' aXQov XLO'lJ JtATJOLOV, 'ta~

OLa't'QL~a~ EJtOLEt'tO, w~ "EcpoQo~".
217
8IZ
~
-(m3uilchO"(D.t3Ti lDit SU19ATi3D :7it11010U1itDODX

Sc,wU S<?it1013Ti S01D191D"(DU) C\(\- :50"((ux~V
(n- ~) -- C\(\- nn- C\(\- (t(t- C\(\:
Aoib.an:o~~ A~X1"(o.lXllV
.(D:LDTi
-Ti'f,,( OOOS n0l103U 13A79TiD"(103U <?it1~3"( <?it10UTiO, S3SUAc,w DAg"
UUj1 Z l?11Dit S13~il"( ZVzmz UUj1 Z l?l.lDit lOXJlO 0,0l1 03U OOS a)
7it11.D100itOUg. l?1 D1D1<)11ADUD :SUDJug,

10.t0"(71Q 10,,(,,(011
So.t9,,( Sm.t7"(u SroJADUD 'A1~D17ODU l?1Dit Sro1onit :S1~D1A')-:S:
(D1AilsuTilOXOU1;? A<?1D
roA7lq ltA.JD,,(X o\lp. 3~00j1) ,,11AilsijTilOit 3"(79 ADA1D"(Xlu?,,
(lOilX <?1.l1;? S<?,,(nDQ (} 3D3U~) "s<?013x 3D3UXil ~Q S<?"(DQ,,
(3DUX')-rltoU1,,(=) ,,~Xnrlt 3l1,,( ~Q~1" Xu
......
JOX11Dl.DODU lDX 10l..D1091;? 101n~')-DAy.
"S31A~suTilOX DS3Ti<)1UOD1003xn"(.t oug. roAUg."
. ,,131l1U Dnox7Q ou!.> Aro(7ro3"(9,, Xu
m1AoA')-oxDTioU1;? S(!l~lA3.t '1?1A38J100U A~Q S13Dil800U 10
(Aoiel?w
'Sc\o13,. .J eu.og .'(g l'{X l'{X)
Sro1no
13AmTilLo aO(l)
.All 11AD~ ax
n
~ l.
SuQ1 3"{uN l1A1;? Srn'f,,(uN
501- S13 l?X1TiMro01D11
mAp 11A1;? mA3TiTij1
1llAan- S}3 D1DroTiiloDUY.
"1.(7OQA1;? l1A1;? 1.DD30QA!.>
"JDOU l1A1;? 1D3Q9U
'lDnx 11AD 1DD3Anx
"1.0.03- S13 S~X110V
"no- ~D l1A1;? 010- ~D S~it1A3J
"DOSO!.> m1A3S11. A~V
I
--
\ '
Ir.
5IwDl?,,('" 5!!-X10I1no. 5!!-1 5al.I119031.1ll1Ql1ll031l?10o.)I
~H:n:OVJ ~H)fINHVV3 ~VI\f)(dV V1VWH8VW
HJUJV H)fINHW3
MA9HMA 190v
tuuvaa'to: Mg. 'toil gU0l-taL: ow~oo, ~LaCP'UAcl't'too

(ng~A. (}VOat "f.J,('i~ <bra roiJ :rrovrJ(}oiJ).
aq>E'tEgnat'V cl'taaOal..inat'V (~o't.):

E~ Ut'tLU~ 'twv
mpUAl-tcl'toov 'to'U~ (ng~A. ObtOV0l-tLXui <It'U08UALaL).
Ol..ovto: <lVUUsT]'tO~ aog. 'toil OM'Ul-taL =aCPUVL~Ol-taL, XUt'U<Jt'gEcpol-taL (nQBA. <lnWAELa, oAE8go~, nuvooAE8gLa).
'YnEgirov: EnL8Et'ov t'oil'HALo'U. '0 s ihjJo'U~ ({JrtEg) toov (=BclAJ..ooV).
'tOlV a/lOOEV._
... -ELrtE xut ~!iLv (ano 6noLO~rlnO'tE I-tEgo~ uvt'wv, nE~ xui OE I-ta~).
***
221
u'Z.
(Z 'ITA ~~ld '''{3%1:r 'Q91V)

II
Dl9'X.w'A3'"(3:13l (WQ99D'X. M,9Q13"('X.DOH.
5!!-l !o:tC (AooluiOJ AOl!}Ol 1D(\A'X.pQO:tC'9 50o(l)Q9'V II
'( om, 5<p301,tMaA. 5Y.1 <?OlC 'n.oo~:riO. 103lC 5<?rlouoX)

II
D1A.~:tC D1Dn~ 50D~IY-'9 lD'X. 50lDA~9'9 1'D:l3DD:t(,,1I
".
(rot '1 '(lM,P S<p)
,,'lJ13e~,,(l;? llOYlC ~
(SO\?J'a, g) 5oA.o"(~1n% 5<?%10UrlO."
(Zt''9Z 'S01e~l.DQ-3:)
,,01A.(!.O"{ll%3lC~ UX~rl g.1 A~ 1ll% "AOA.O"{~1ll% noo~rlo. A<?1
5n.OA~rlOn.3Q1l)lC 5Q-01 M3~}1llrlOWOlCl;? '01A.Oe~~~ 5n.orl9A1ll)l"
*
'II
"'DDDCJT(J iIlpt'Mlt.,(,(;>L
513 5fp/u, SlMfn/O"(13dJ9 S!p, ?ibIIII 'tf.wri9tf.o-;qO~? 95ori9t1.o-;qO
"<U
'WMl))[
. II "'31Oll"'300101
031llII "31ll10v U"'n.
tJ
'I" a
5!J.130l;? 5Y.1 3"{ll%0~919 '~Al)3%<P 5ll}dJO~ 5y.%1AUTIa 5Y.1 '30UrlO..
'''AOOUrlO" A<?l 'n}Oorlu9 'Ml)}llAUellAllU MD1 ll9}0U1
-3lll,\.3lC AllOYlC l?1ll% AO%0(l)A)A.3Al;? 'A(l)1~rlU10lC A<.9olCrlll"{ A(l)A~rlO%O
-'0919 Aoo1n~e <?1513 A<.91 (l)~~ 'A<.9rl~ 53001~lCOOlC 1odJoo 10"
I
---
~HnUVJ 3:H>tINHW3 3:VIVXdV V1VVIIH9VVII
\,
HJUJV H>tINHW3
MA8HMA 200v
M6.81J ....a 200v
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' 'XA{,OL~ (3ta;;~ a)'W3t1/~ (J(!i~)
I1uQuYQ. 82 rQuf.l.f.I.. 1tuQ't~uvotJ.
2. 'Y3to"ta'X"tt'Xi) 'Xat Eu'X"tt'Xi) "tou II).vopat ".
***
EIEAn~rH
EIE THN TPArnAIAN KAI METPIKHN
T(!a"/tp~ia: "tQuyoov 4>~TJ. Ta 3tQw"tu XOQt'Xa E'ljlUMoV"to emo flE"tEfl<PtEaflEVOU~ Et~ "tQuyou~, a'XoAouOOU~ "tou Ilavo~ 'Xat "tau
~tovUOou. 'E'X "tfj~ "tQayq>~La~ 'Xat"to OTJflEQtVO ""tQayou~t".
A(!apa: E'X "tou ~Quoo -w (oXt WtAfj OEU"tQ. a3taYYEAi,a, aAM (JUvufla
~Qao~. IlQ~A.. 'Xat "tt~ OT]flEQtVE~ "3tQUt;Et~" "tou 9EU"tQOU, E'X "tou
ltQunoo) .
~QyO"tEQOV, ~Qafla 'Xat "tQayq>~i,a OT]flai,vouv"to au"to.
To ~Qa!la il "tQayq>~La "~WUO'XE"tat" (E'X mu O"tL Ot ~QaflU"tL'Xot
ltOtT]"tat Mi,~a<J'Xov "toiJ~ "3tO'XQL"tU~. IlQ~A. OT]flEQtviJ O'XT]V09EOi,a).
"3tO~~i.VO,UU: aQXL'Xw~ a3to'XQi,vOflat = a3tav"tw, Aafl~uvoo
flEQO~ Et~ ~t<lAOyOV e:n:t o'XT]vfj~
rEVL'XW~: 'II E3tL'XQamuoa aV"ti.A.T]'\jJL~ EtVat O"tL f) ~Qafla"tt'Xi) 3tOLT]OL~ 3tQofjA9E E'X "tfj~ ~tOVuOLa'Xfj~ Aa"tQEi,a~. Ta 3tQw"ta 03tEQfla"ta
"t"fj~ "tQayq>~i,a~ Efl<pavi,~oV"tat E~ "ti)v ~ooQt'Xi)v IlEAo3toVV1}OOV 'Xat
a'X0A.ou900~ f) "tQayq>~i,a "tEAEto3tOWL"taL Et~ "ta~ ~OTJva~.
223
tI,~rI tl,OUPOU ?VU
70mb
m
1D()O~tI,:J/.. tl,f!U1I.VO:L tl,O:L{90U tl,f!:LQ-V"' 1I
:50Ql1tD~e
0.0:1 1031 5DQln~ 9 13dn0J
'Dri'90Q <;>l.lt9i},M3A.~ 10l.tL, o.oooX o.Ol. 5130

-i},l.(l)0~ 51l.0 30o.Ol.AD11,> 1D% AOOM91V A<;>l. 0l.3'}Q31'} (5~l.10%011,
5~l.10%01'} 5<;>l.Q.D 50l.<.901 O. "o.OOoX o.Ol. AOl.ltl.O~~3A1,> 'A01(l)O
-001 A003l.]D1Q'! 3l.13 501Ql 9 3l.l3 0l.3'}Q31'} A01019 A<;>l. A~l.10%01'}
AOl.<.9 01 A<;>l. 3A.DA.i},01tI "X1 f7S <;>l. 'D10,}A01V D'WA.3W l?l. 5'13 nol.
Dri'90Q AOl.<.9 0 1 <;>l. 3~DQJQ~ A<.9Q1l.DOl.0101311 A<.9l. 1Dlt'!%0901 <;>11,>
l?l.3W "AOOM91V M?A.103riltO A<;>l. 5'13 n0l]031 'DJoD%I, AOri!J.V A<;>l.
5'13 lt91},M3A.~ 5010 19 9 '59%1UVc 9 5uc.o~8 9 A3~0!J.1'} '5D]Q<MDOl.
5DJDX01,> 5!J.l. 5~l.(l)1,!3ri39 9 ml.13 0(l)39 1D% <;>l.Q.D ,1A. 'Dri'9 0 Q
A<;>%1AX3l. 5'13 AogriDO'}919 A<;>l. 30(l)d>09ri31Q 501019 9 50l.<.901 O.
t"1 50A<.9)D III AOO~ri) 5!pAo1rioa. 9
50D!,)V 9 5DAi},9Vc 5l?l. 5'13 A09A.109}l A~l. <;>lr,> 303d>~l.3rl 50913 <;>1.
"509o.ri 91D%50A.9'! 9 30ltXo~On%~ '51oltX021f 1D% ~%10norilf 5(l)0
-i},,!1 !J.9D1ADd>D~~ l?A 510(l)X n012 'DJ9 roA.DOl.1f 'noA.9'! o.O%1l.lt101 509}3
AOA~riA.1,!3~~ A~ 5DAi},9Vc 5'13 A.119l.D% lt9X'}l.13A1,> AOgriDO'}919 A<;>l.
A<;>l.Q.D <;>1Vc "A10ltX021D% ADJ9ro,!3ri '5noXJl.0 ~QD'!lt9 3ADgri~,!310311
"Dl.Drii},XO l?%ll.n300X DA~riD101. "A(l)JOV, 5<;>QooOD91% 5019AJoO}l 9 mAp DriltA.o'}01rilt9 A<;>%1AX
-3l.1,!,!D% 5'13 AogriDO'}919 A<;>l. 30(l)m.,}A1,> 501019 9 50l.<.901 O.
'S(l)30i},n% 5!J.1. SOA90X 9 !J.9<oolt,!urino l?A 10X~ri 3m.DOO~A~
A<;>l. 5Q.3Z 9 n012 'S<,>1V nol. S90l.D1 o.Ol. A<;>Oltri A<;>l. <;>11,> A119l.D%1D%
Slt,!~ri3:S: nol. S<;>Ol.ltri Slt0J39(l)ArtD03%Dl.D% 5!J.l. AD]'!10% A~l. :S30'}9
0,}9 <;>11,> SDl.A<pA031 '5Dl.AOAJDgD1Q ori09% A<;>W 39,!~ A<;>W(l)M S01 Dri02 AOAOA.9l.(l)01 'S09riDO'}919 9 3~m1~ SDJ9roA.DOl. S!J.l. ADJA.
-on01rilt9 A~l. Sp AOWO A<;>%1l.01009D% 'A!J.Ol.nO%n:s: A<;>l. l?l.D}l
IHnOVJ IH>IINHW3 IVIVXdV V1VVIIH9VVII
HJOJV H>lINHW3
MA9HMA20ov
---------------------------------------------------X(!{oa~
r:o :Tr(!oom:Trov 1jJtp,v(){cp Er:(!ayQ)(l"oev".

'.:AflEOOL 6ui60XOL 'tov:
- '0 ~9TI'VUfu~ XOlUilo;, flu9T1nl~ 'to'll, bttvoTl'tiJ~ 'tWV 3tQOOOOn;ELwv 'XaL 'tWV Aafl3tQWv 9Ea'tQL'XWV Ev6'llflamwv. L'llVeYQa'ljlE 160
bgcl:fla'tu.
- '0 lI(!aTiva; a3tO 'tTjv 'AQyoAL6a. ELo~yaYE 'to oa't'llQL'XoV
bg<lfla. L'UveYQa'ljlE 50 6Qcl:fla'ta.
- '0 'A9TjvaLo~ tP(!VvlXO;, fla9Tj'tTj~ 'XaL alho~ 'toil eE03tL60~.
El.o~yaYE o'tTjv o'XTjvTj 'ta Y'llvaL'XEia 3tQaooo3tu 'XaL 'tL~ 3tOAL'tL'XE~
"3t09EOE~ a3tO 'tTjv 'IO'toQLa. ~Va<PEQOV'taL 11 6Qcl:fla'tcl: 'to'll flE'ta;u
'tWV 03tOLOOV MtA:/jr:ov ~A.mOl~. '0 'llta~ 'to'll lIo).vffJ(!a~p(J)v, OflOLOO~
'tgaYL'Xo~ 3tOLTj't~~.
"OAOL aiJ'toL 3tQoE'toLflaoav 'tOY 6Qaflo 'toil flEyaAo<p'lloil~

AtaXVAO'll.
Alnxv).o; (525-456 3t.X.). MeyaA03tQE3tTj~ 'Xal ~QwL'Xa~.

IIgooe9eoE 6EV'tEQOV U3tO'XQL't~V, E6oo0E 3tQoo'tayoovLo'tL'XO QaAo
o'tov bLclAOYO 'Xal E3te<pEQE 'XaLVO'tOfli.E~ o'tTjv o'XTjvoYQa<pi.a 'Xal
xogoYQa<pLa.
~3t0 'ta 90 ii 100 EQYU 'to'll 6wocb9Tjoav 7.
!::..EV OflLAEi 3tEQL EgOO'tO~, aAAa flavov 3tEQl 9EWV 'Xal ~Qcboov.
IIago'llmcl~EL 'tOY Civ9Qoo3tov ro~ U3tEQclV9Qoo3tov. ot iiQOOE~ 'to'll
bTlAab~, "olotllovvavr:o elvat ".
EL~ 'tTjv E;EA~LV 'tOil bQclfla'to~ 0 EOffJoxkij; 3tQooE9EOE 'tQi.'tov
\J3tO'XgL't~V, EY'XaLvi.aoE 'tOY flovaAoyov 'XalTju;TloE 'ta flEATj 'toil
XOQoil a3tO 12 d~ 15. ELo~yaYE flEAo3tOLi.a O'tl~ O'XTjVL'XE~ flovCflbi.e~.
L'llVE9eoE 130 'tQaYCflbLE~, ~JLeocb9Tjoav 7. nEQLYQcl<PEL, 'Xu'ta 'tOY
l\gLO'tO'tEATj (IIOLTJ'tLxTJ 25), 'tOu~ iiQOOE~ 'to'll "owv~ Oet :TrowtV", "olot
eoet elval
11
'H 'XaLVO'tOflLa 'toil Ev(!uri~ov, 'toil 3tAEOV bQafla'tL'Xoil 'twv

UAAOOV: ELo~yaYE d~ 'ta bQclfla'tcl: 'to'll 'tTjv OflLAO'llflevTlv YAwooav
225
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rAOIrHL
'tfj~ E:n:OXfj~ (~QLa't. PT]'tOQLX~ 3).
'AxOILTl: brevorwe l'OV .nQoAoyov xat l'r,v A:vmv Ott! l'OV (lJro
/-tTJXavije; (}eov. IIEQu1>QLoE aXOILTl :n:EQLOOO'tEQOV 'tOY QOAO 'toii
XOQoii. OL ~QWE~ 'to'll: "0[0 elaiv". (o:n:W~ dVaL O't~v :n:QaYILa'tLxO'tfI'ta).
ITATIITIKA
'A:n:o eEomllo~ !J.EXQL 'to 250 :n:.x. O:n:O'tE ~ 'tQaycpll(a aQX(~EL va.
ExAEi..:n:n yvwQ(~O'UILE 'ta. ovoILa'ta 180 1QaYLxoov :n:OLTl'tOOV 01. O:n:OLOL
o'UvE9wav :n:uvw a:n:o 3350 llQuILa'ta ('tQaycpllLE~ xal, XWILcpllLE~).
"CPL).~/-tova oe l'OV XW/-tLXOV xat "A).e~LV; e.nt l'ije; aXTJvije;
aywvd;o/-tivove; xat aucpavo/-tivove;, 0 (}avaroe; xad).afJev".
(ID.ou't. 'HS. X-88)
'H aQxa(a 'tQaycpMa llEv dXE ILOVOV 'lll'UxaywYLxoV oxo:n:ov,

"'tEQ'lIJLV 9w'toov", aAM. x'UQ(w~ a:n:E~AE:n:E o'to va llLllU~Tl xal, va.
ft9LXO:n:OLi]on. OME~ Aao~ ElxE :n:o'tE XU'tL :n:aQOILOLOV ILE 'to EA.A.TlVLXOV 9Ea'tQOV. 01. AE~EL~ 8EATPON xal, eW'tQLX~ I:KHNH,
:n:ayxoolL(W~, :n:QOOllLOQ(~OV'ta" EAATlVLXU.
01. 'Ivllol, 't~V 9W'tQLX~ OXTlV~ 't~V OVOILU~O'UV YAVANICA,
llTlAab~ 'IwvLxi], 01. bE 'IoAavbol, ATRIDI, a:n:o 'tou~ 'A'tQELllE~. "Ai nov 'EH~vwv .no).eLe; .nQdn:wl'a OU! l'ije; .nOLTJl'Lxije; .naLoevovaLv, ov 'ljJvxaywyiae; XaQLV o~.novOev 'ljJLAije; cUAu
awcpQovw/-t0v ... .naLOWl'LXO YUQ elvai cpam xat e.naVOQ(}Wl'Lxoi nov q(}wv".
'0 :n:ao(yvwo'tO~ OQLOILO~ 'tou 'AQLO'tO'tEAO'U~ bLa 't~v

TPATQ~IAN:
226
LZZ
"SOA::ni~l.D'} o.oooX ctOax't>.l~ 9 :5f}3y1th.
"<1>ooX <1>l. A~ SOl.<!lOlt SOA::ni~l.D'}
9 :501vdJaoo)[
"1D8DVl.Dl roXJOl.D A~ Af/OOX Af/l. s<p 'DOl.D~X09 !J,l. A~ :JvrlrlvoJ

"V1XJl.D1rilf ~D SOA.O"(~1Q :~dvyuttr;
'SctOXJl.D ~D SOA.O"(~1Q :vJ()arloXuo
"SOl.X3"(~1Q ~X10(l)Q :'P X100 X l,ll. S}3
SOl.X3"(~1Q ~X1l.l.l] :lto1 r1 ~X1ttOyV1 Vl?l. 5)3
-Co tt13urlrl.tOOU V.2ttl.oy~v nop 'tt~~lty~v 1V()013ttltoou MOUCfJOOOU

ttQJX100X 5vJf}iMvo~ 5y~ ttQJ~ 51Of}9~? 51m tt~ ~f} 50()r"" :SoQo~3..)
~Q~~
AOri1D~1.~
A01Q9D13lt 3..
AOri1D~1.~
,.1
,.1
,s:
,s:
A01Q9D13lt3.
AOmD~l.3: ,V
A01Q9D13lt3. ,V
SOQOO~Il
SOA."(9Il
:5D1VroJ..Dib. 5tJ.)(1:U~ S~
~(f)oori ~X1.oD"tX H,
'*'
lt1Dmn'~?
513
(cb31A.Vlq0311W) " "aolt1r1aoottkp 50wrl~yxJ.1

lVX ult1r1myiwoou mltp vJf}dJttvo~ vJvXor; ~ " "
:A1D(l)}3riLw Sf/oll
('AOAwp)l
5~3'rl1:Jq A1D13901t l.I.A~oXO~ n.oA.rw ~~ 51o~\}
If 1nx (lJ1\}O 'S{loxmi 1nx SnJ3Xno~ x~ SoflTin19 o~A. Scp (lJ~10~,} 91 '(lJ~1flTinl" Z
-Lvt1 l;tXll.lt10Il1oW1oV.
. "A(lJO~ A\!)1 A(lJU'9lt1j> ~~ An}qro4J,ng Al;t1X13'rl
A(lJTii;t01l>X "A(lJ'Y.i;t"fV.~ .J.3Ti nOo,M13'rl "'51001~ 5101.. " '1
'.AOOn.n~)I" 30lL}01t~
'51,t110%O:l'} 5OO30i,tA1% ctOTI8c,tO'\~ 5!J.%1"\00~ ~1pa300x

.,\UJ001D1 '\~%1,.\o'{08ctTI '\~%1"\001 ,\UJTI
300-01D100:lO'\~ ,\010:19 91 5ctOQ13 0-0%11ct300X 0-01 '1I 5oTIJTIOl.,\O:l II
5!J.1 101LLo'\1:1~ 10 101,\0- 0003 8 5LLQ'9'{ ctll 9 10 % 50'{'{ ct 8'9H O.
'50:wrlpofloooX (J.O~ ?VX
50~vrlpoflorhrl (J.O:L mvrlo~uf) ~u ?VX ljXP03U VJflwA.vO:L
xap H, :5W(T}'j3r1Ug
~ V 5!J.Q10~ 10% ctO~'{ Q.~013TI10'\3TI'9101 lOl.,\O,\J01i> 1OXJ1D

10 ,,\9%10X001 '\0031D~'\380~ '\91 513 13,\J09013TI 59TI8ctO 59%1'{ct1%OQ
5003190ctX01 9 5ct0J0:l9 5Q.01 513 10XJl.D :ltoo:t'!tI It{JH1q1OVJ.OV
- 00 - (?otftlvl + jOlvZoo.r) jodtlvJooX

-(f.- jooHVtlJrbtlV, '(f. - (f. jaZvodJrbtlv,
C(f.jotftlVI,.
(?01300Z If) (f.- jOlVZoO.r
'(rnol,t1X>9TI~ 10% M!>39 10,\TIg.) -00 joya:tH:pq1M'9 If jO:t01VJt:pItV.
'(5931) - - jo:pqItOJt:I
(f. (f.- joya:tH:PV
'(59%1:J~)
:0'\~TIoQ3QrnQ 10% ~l.DooM '\o~'{:1 ~~

I' '\OO01~TI ,\OO09Ii>rnQ
I\DJMct01TILLQ 590:1 '\oo~X009 10% M!>0%OTI10TIOOctQMO 10 101LL01~TIV,
~X1013W 'no~W
~H:nUVJ 3:H>lINHW3 rv'IVXdV V1VWH8VW
HJUJV H>lINHW3
MA9HMA20ov
"'A(}UJ'Wx).:ij~ q;1]atv
on TeUar:1]~, 0 AlaxvA.OV o(}X1]ar:fJ~, ovr:w~
nv n;xvtr:1]~ war:e ev r:ljJ oexew(}at r:ov~ 'E:rm1. bri efJ{3a~, q;aveea

1tod/aat r:a 1t(}aYl-tar:a Ot' o(}xfJaew~. '0 ,11]{lfJr:(}W~ 0 Kvvtxo~, or:e
el&v o(}X1]ad,v {lf.lov{levov avey av.A.ov xat aa.uar:wv .7l0A.A.a .7leet
(}ewv {lv(}OA.0yov{leva, ovr:w~ iJ.71t(}f/afJ1] r:oi~ Ytyvo{levot~, war:e
avex(}a~e {leyaA.17 r:fj q;wvfj: "'Axovw av(}(}w.71e
.7lotet~, OVX oew
{lovov, aUa {lOt ooxet~ r:at~ xe(}atv avr:at~ A.aA.ety. "
(Ao'U'Xtavo<; 3t. oQX. 63)
'A'X0fl.ll: ~ 'tQuycp6ta ~'to mho 3totJ a~fl.EQu QVOfl.(H;o'Ufl.E

""03tEQa". Tn XOQL'Xn fl.EQll ~aav "XOQq>6La'XU". ot fl.OVOAOYOL
"aQLE~". at 6LUAOYOL "3tuQu'Xu'taAO~'~ 6TJAUM, "QEtOL'tU'tL/3O " .
(lla(}axar:aA.O YfJ: r:a aa{lar:G:p& V!fiL/JilEL Uyetv). 'R 3taQu'Xur:aAOyiJ a'UVoo6EUE'tO 1mo AUQU~._ .
,-
nug' (It'L 'to 'tQOxu"t'XOV 'tE'tQUfl.E'tQOV 3tQO'XUAEL "fl.et~ovu 6IiYEQOLV", ot 6LUAOYOL w~ E3tL 'to 3tAELa'tOV eLVaL o'Uv'tE8ELfl.EVOL d~
tUfl.~L'XOV 'tQtfl.E'tQOV. Ei~ 'tOU~ 8Q~vou~ EL'tE EV JtoQet~ XQllOLfl.03tOWL'taL'tO UVU:7taLO'tL'XOV 6tfl.E:gOV.
*
H APXAIA EAAHNJKH TPAmMA
XOE; - mJp1QU - VQ&O
(I\Q8Qov ~'tUA. I\Q'tEfl.U'XTJ)
"Oi .7laeuar:aaet; a(}xaiwv r:eaywOtWV od(}er:av r:oao lJ'1/l1]A.O
:rrOt1]T:lXO xat r,(}tXo:rrvEV{lanXO (:rratouywytXo xar:a {3a(}o~) :rre(}EXO{levo, war:e ot yovet; e:rra(}vav xat r:a .7laWta r:ov~ ar:a (}ear:ea,
{le d,v a(}aytar:1] {3e{3awr:1]r:a,
exet (}a anOA.a{l{3avuv avva(}.71aaT:xe~ xaA.A.tr:exvtxe~ .7la(}aar:aaet~. Kat (}a e{3A.e.71av r:oaa a~w{lt
fJ.1]T:a :rra(}atJey{lar:a, war:e va ytvovv xat r:a .7latOta avr:a, aav (}a
{leyaA.wvav, .7l(}ay{lar:xot av(}(}w.71ot xat a.71ovoawt oi.71oA.tr:e~...
on
229
EMHNIKH ArnrH
rAnnH~
~'tov aQxai'o xoaf-lo c}ev vnijQxe (LUo XOlVO nov va VOUV(JEt :lrto
XaAa 'tt~ ()ea'tQtxe~ naQaa'taaet~ xat va f-le'texet nw ev'tOva a'to
()eaf-la ano 'to a()'YjvaLXo XOtvo ...1ev vnijQxe (UAO~ ()eank:lrto
evyvwf-l(JJV yta f-lta ne'tvxrJf-lev'Yj naQamaa'Yj, ilia OVU nw enicpo{30~ yta f-ltei aMva't'Yj naQamaa'Yj. .itno 'tov a()'Yjvaio Mv 5ecpevye
OVU 'to naQUf-ltxQo Aa()o~ 'tov q()onowv...
Tov~ :lrtO Aen'tOv~ vnatvtYf-lov~ 'tov~ aVnAaf-l{3avovmv af-lEaw~

ot a()'YjvaLOt. "Omv a'ti}v 'tQaycpMa 'tov AiaxvAov '''En'ta ent
6hj{3a~" av'trjxrJaav 'ta Aoyta: "Av'to~ Mv ()EAet va cpaivemt, f-la
va elvat Mxaw~l11, OAO ot ()ea'te~ mQacp'Yjxav nQo~ 'tov .itQtmeic}'Yj,
nov " ev()v't'Yj'ta 'tOV qmv naaiyvwa't'Yj. ~'ti}v 'tQaycpMa of-lW~ 'tov
EVQmic}'Yj . '''Ogea't'Yj~", 0 Hy"AOXO~ e'bte Aa()ef-lEVa "yaAijV OQW ",
av'tl 'tOV oQ()ov "YaA"V' OQW ", f-le ano'tiAWf-la 0 c}vmvxo~ q()onOo~, va yivet a'toxo~ eiQwvetwv 'tov XOtvOV xat 'twv c}Qaf-lanxwv
aVYYQacpEwv, Mtai'teQa M 'twv XWf-lwc}wYQacpwv.2
Av'tot ot ev()ovatwoe~ ()ea.e~ c}ev 5exoAAovaav ano 'ta xa()iaf-la'ta 'tOV~ f-lwi} f-leQa. MnQoma ma f-lana 'tOV~ 5e'tvUyovmv
'tQeL~ 'tQaywMe~ xat eva aa'tvQ~o c}Qiif-la. 'i1 v ot 'tQaytxot aVYYQacpeL~ exavav 'tOv~ .it()'Yjvaiov~ va xAaLve, va evyvwf-lOVOVV xat va
ayavax'tOvv, f-le 'to aa'tVQtxo c}Qiif-la nQoacpegov'tav a'tov xa't6.xono ()ea'ti} f-lta avaxovcpta'Yj. KVQw XUQax't'YjQtmtXO 'tOv aa'tvgtxov
c}Qaf-la'tO~, nov 'to elxav XA'YjQoV0f-l"aet ano 'tov c}t()vQaf-l{3o, qmv 0
avvc}vaaf-lo~ 'tOv "QWtxoV f-le 'to 1tatyvtc}taQtxo...
Twv nagaa'taaewv nQo'YjyeL'tO aetQa OAOXA'YjQ'Yj ema"f-lwv
'teAE'twv ()Q'Yjaxev'ttxov xat XaAAtUXVtxOV XQwf-la'to~ xal ot nU(?aa'taaet~, f-la~t f-le 'tl~ yWQ.e~, exaAvnmv avv,,()w~ OAOXA'YjQO 'tQt,,f-leQo. .itxoAovOovae " avax"Qv5'Yj xat " {3Qa{3eva'Yj 'twv vtx'Yj'twv.
Ka'tomv, a'to neQicp'Yjf-lo II Oea'tQo L1 wvvaov ", {3aaiAeve naAt
1. "ou YUQ /)<meiv I'llxaw~ &:JJ.: e1VaL eeA.EL"
2. "EXXUlla:trov YUQ aM~ a~ ya).~v' oQ/ii". (Bu'tQ. 304)
230
MA9HMA20ov
~ovx{a. Oi a()1]vaiO "a'W.Jrulvov'Wv ~ava /if: 'tl(; "a()1]/ieewe(; 'twv
aoxoAie(; "al 'tl(; /il-"ee(; 'twv OUla"eOaael,(;. Ta JrAOia uvv "alea/ievaw, 7tOV elxav ee()eL ano ~eVe(; XWee(;, ey"a'teAemaV 'tOY IIeL(!auJ.
yui va a"Oe7tiaovv af: OAOV 'tOY "oa/io 't"v e'to1]a1] mv /ieyaAeiov
rfj~ loxveij(; ~()rJva(;. 01 of: 7taAwl "al veOL 7t01].e(;, JrOV 1]'tav
7tOAVaeL()/iO a't"v JrOA1] 'twv JrveV/ian"wv cponwv, aexLl;av 7taAL
va /iOx()ovv I'm 't"v 01]/iWveyia vewv eeywv...
<Qo'toao, oaO "L av 1]'tav ot ~()1]vaiO 'teaYl-"ol JrO1]'W4 7:eei~

p.ovov "ad,,'t1]aav 't"v arowLa &S~a "al 'tOY mo av()oe/i1]'tO ()avp.aa/iO 'tij~ av()eW7t07:1]'ta(;, ano 't"v "AaOal-"" eJroX" w~ 't"v Ol-"rJ
p.a~. Ka4 07tW~ OAa oeixvovv, av't" 't"v acp()a(!'t1] 06~a, av'tov 'tOY
ovvexw~ avaveoV/ievo ()aV/iaa/iO 'tij(; Jray"oa/iUl(; tjJvxij~ 7teO(; 'to
/iiya JrveV/ia, ()a 'tOy exovv avvooo w~ 7:a {3a()1] 'tOV anonamv
p.iAAovm~...
FLa 7:0V Jrew'tO, 0 B. OVY"W eyeatjJe: ""OJrOW~ oev "a'tala{3aiVeL 'tOY AlaxvAO elvaL aYLa'teev'ta /ihew~. IIavw mov AlaxvAO ()a
OO"L/iaaOV/ie 'tl(; OLaVOte(;". FLa 'tOY ~OCPO"Aij, 0 Fee/iaVO(; JrOL1]'t,,(;
"al Oea/ia'tl-"O(; avYYeacpeiJ(; ,,0/i1](; QJov IIAa7:ev OLe"rJeV~e: ""0, n
~ "aeOLa 'tOV av()eWJrOV eA7til;eL "al V7tocpeeeL, 7:0 ebre(; eav /if: 't(;
Ol-"i(; oov XfJ..te(; yAwaae(;". Kalo Thai7:e o1]/ietWveL I'm 'tOY Evemi01]: "~v eva(; avyxeOVO(; ()eAeL va v7tOOei~eL if aV7:ov'tov /ieyaAO
aexaio 0ea/iamVeYL"a 'tov acpaA/iam, "Co /iOVO awa7:o elvaL va 'ta
imooei~eL yovanmo(;".
Eiliq
Oumqe(J)~ tv "'(0
6etZ"'Urp:
- 7:eay L"" (e/i/ieAeLa)

- "WIU"" ("oeoa~)
- aa"CveL"" (ai"LVVL(;)
(,AOllv. I, 73)
231
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA0HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOUH!
-AESIAorION
OU'tuQLXOV, o(l'tuQa, OU'tLQa.
EXETlKA KEIMENA
"MaXUQLOV EO'tLV " 'tQaycpbLa nOLTJJl.a XU'ta. nuv'ta, <PTJol,v
'AV'tL<puVT)e;, EL yE nQoo'tov of. AOyOL uno 'tOOV 8Ea'toov El.ol,V EyvroQLOJl.EVOL, nQl,v xaL 'tLva dnELv' ... ovoJl.a'ta.. Civ EV 'tL 'to'lJ'trov naQaALnTI
XQEJl.TJe; 'tLe; 1\ <l>ELbrov 'tLe;, EXO'UQf't.'tE'tUL II .
"r '(A(}~vaw~- 'Em7:0f.tTJ 2, 1, 84)
" ... of. 'tQuycpbOVV'tEe;, EXnLn'tOV'tEe; xat O'UQL't'tOJl.EVOL, EVLO'tE bE

xat Jl.aO'tLYO'lJJl.EVOL 'tLVEe; au'toov, ~e; Civ't<p 8EU'tQCP boxft".
(Aovxlavoq- :4.7rOAOyia 713)
IIOl,XE'tTJV 1\ CiYYEAOV 'tLVa Jl.l] bE~LOOe; unoxQLvao8UL, Jl.LXQOV'tO

n'tULoJl.a 'tov t\La bE 1\ 'tov 'HQaxMa Jl.l] xa't' cl~LaV EmbE~uo8UL
'tOLe; 8EU'taLe;, clno'tQonULov roe; xat atOXQov ". \
(Aovxtavoq- ~lVq if :4vafiwvV1:q 602)
232
MA8HMA20ov
XPONOE KAI TPOnOE TON llAPAI:TAEEoN

(a3tO 3tUAaLOV lluBrl'tLXOV E'YXELQibLOV -OELill)
"Movov OE WQLo!JkVE~ OQ'tE~ 'tOU ALOvUOOU ()L()UOXOV'tuv'tQuYW()I~' ~ ()t6uoXUAI.a 'tOU~ eIXE aYWVW'tLXO XUQux'tfjQu.
I1Qo~ 'tLIlT]V 'tOU ALOVVOOU YLVOV'tUV o'tT]V 'A't'tLXT] 'tEOOEQL~
OQ'tE~: rel MtX(Jel i] xul" ayeov~ LltOvvata, rel A1jvata, rel MeytUa
i] ev ameL Llwvvata, rel "AvOem1jeLa.
Ku'tel 'tel aVBecr't~QLU ()EV ML()UOXOV'to ()QUIlU'tU. Ku'tel 'tel
!!LXQel ALovvmu YLVO'tUV (J'tou~ ()~IlOU~ 'tfj~ ~'t'tLXfj~ E3tUVUAll'\jlL~
:n:uAaLo'tEQwv YQUY<P()LroV. NEE~ 'tQuY<P()I~ ML()UOXOV'to xu'tel 'tel
A1jvata, AUIl3tQO'tEQu O!!W~ XUI. E3tlollllo'tEQa xa'tel 'tel ev aaUL
Llwvvata (i]()1l a3tO 'to 534).
Tel ev aaret Llwvvata wQ'tu~oV'to E3t1. E~L ~!!EQE~' a:n:o alhE~,
o'tl,~ 'tQeL~ 'tEAEu'tuLE~ ()LEMyoV'to 01. 0eUflal'LXOL aywve~ ('tT]V
E:n:O:n:'teLU 'tOU~ ElxE 0 E3tOOV1JIlO~ uQXwv).
'0 3tOLll'tT]~ :n:ou E:n:LBu!!oUOE vel AU~ll IlEQO~ o'tov ayrovu
U:n:E~UAAe (J'tov uQX0V'tu 'tQEL~ 'tQuY<P()I~ xul, Eva OU'tUQLXO ()QUIlU
xul, fjUL xoeov. '0 uQXwv, aqmu IlEAe'tOUOE 'tel eQYu XUI. (J1J1l~OU
A1Jo'tuv 3tQoaw:n:u :n:ou EX'tL!!OUOE 'tT] YVOO!!l1 'tOU~, eOicwv xoeov
xul, E()LVE 'to ()LXULW!!U 'tfj~ (J1J!!!!E'tOXfj~ o'tov ayrovu OE 'tQEL~ :n:OL1j'tel~ a:n:o EXELV01J~, 3tOU eIxuv U:n:O~UAEL ah~oEL~. ~'tou~ :n:OLll'tel~
ulJ'tou~ E()LVUV a!!OL~T] a:n:o 'to ()1j!!omo 'taIlEto, a:n:o 'to o:n:oLo E3tA1jQoovoV'to xal. 01. U:n:oxQL'taL, 'tQE~ ytU 'tov XUBE :n:OL1j't~. Tel IlEYUAV'tEQU Ollw~ ESO()U ~'tuv 'tel a:n:aL'tOV!!EVU YLel 'tov XOQo xut uu'tel
aVEAUIl~uVaV XUBE 1P0Qel 'tQEL~ 3tAOVmOL 'AB1jvuLOL, ot xoerJYo{.
ME xAfjQo oQL~o'tav 0 :n:OL1j'tT]~ !!E 'tov 03tOLO Bel OUVEQyu~o'tav 0
XU8EVU~ a:n:o 'tou~ 'tQE~ XOQ1jYov~.
'0 :n:OLll'tT]~ ~'tav XUI. oxllvoB'tll~ 'trov EQYWV 'tou' aOXOUdE 'tov
XOQo (J'to (lOIlU xut 'tT]V oQX1l0L, eXUVE 'tT]V xa'tavo!!Tj 'trov :n:Qoooo:n:wv 'trov EQYWV (J'tou~ U:n:OXQL'tel~ xal. aOXOUOE au'tou~ (J'tTjv a:n:ayYEALU, 'tTjv !!L!!LXTj x'tA. MEQLXE~ IPOQE~ aVEAull~uVE 'tTj ()L()UOXUALU
tou XOQou L()LO~ XOeOOLOaaXaA.o~.
233
A~1 <;I1Q-D
39~%
t'Z
'5etOl. 513D~9 5p. I\l)A01l>lt~ 10"(0", 'Om.ltrl<pM
.0 (l)A~lt~ ltcft~OA ~A ~1A '01QTXDA1lt DA~ 3A01l>lt~ 5~110%
o. '~lt0011lt~
~%1110% 5~"(3rlD%3Q 0113Met01rlltQ~ 1D1~ 'OO!J."(%
ADA~ AD~DAg~ D]OQ'} 39~% <;Ilt~ lD% '01AO~1A~OcbD3ltY, 'AQ,l110%

A(I)]cbltcftOlt'} AQ,l1 D1Drl9A9 ~1 ~rl 5etoo~"(% 5Q-01 ADX13103lt 5310lt9
10 '53]0Q'} D%~Q 511 001D~9 <;110 ADA03cb~ 1"(Olt90%Y, A~1 <;Iltv..
'1l>11,,(Olt 10 10,,(Sl ADA01l>lt~ ~1
rpe10ro30 ~1 D0319AOv.. 'PX10ro30 Ol.AOA~"(~ ~1Q-Y 'ol31'iD1 O1D9rlltQ

01 OltD
ODOlt
0%11DrlltOX
OA3rlet011l>ltDco 01
5et0031(1)OOltD 5et01D
\
co
\
\
\
~
I "
ActOA]Q ~A (5etO~"(%103II 0.01 ~XOlt~ A~1 <;Ilt~) ADDi:o~cb3lt~ '010~11DP

<;11 ActOD<pOlt"(lt ~A ADDo.Ol.DActQ~ Q-Olt 531]"(Olt 10 lD% 1DDgD90lt
ActoX~ A~rl ~A 0%1Q'9 ADDo.OO(l)39 ~Q13lt~ lD% o.OD"( 0.01 5(1)3D<pcftet~~
5!J.%19~ OD~rl 01DQetOltD 001D~9 <;11 ADDo.OO(l)39 5(1)rlSl ~Q13lt3,
.. ,( D"(Ogrl')J
D10~11DP ~rl OA9rl 013lt~013lt~ ~(I)rlSl D0319M~ 'lt039c,t3"(~ AD1~
~XO~ A~1D 50QOD13
H. '53Q]%03% 53031]D1Q1 <;Ilt~ ~"("(~ '53%lDActA
lD% ADDo.09etO"(0%DODlt 513D~l.DDODlt 511. 'etO],,(l,t 0.01 ~"(01DA~

A~1 <;Ilt~ Al 0lt '5]O(l)A~ Ol.AOXO~OOlt lD1D39 10 'A(I)3D~1DDODlt AQ,ll
51~oDA~ ADl.<,>A1A A(I)]DM01V A(I)"(~A3W AQ,l1 DO~l,t lt10D~1 A~.L
'Dlt(l)090lt Doocb~1Q ~1 OlAOc,tQ3lt'}

~9 10l0lt9 10 '5~110%olt'} 5Q-01 AD~D]DetOODlt lD% 5et01 513D~90lt'} 511
lD% 5eto,,(1]1 5Q-01 ADA(I)A]0%3A~ '5et01 DM~ ~1 ~1A 53]0ocbooltlt <;IA10%

<;110 ADA1Qi.! lD% etO]3Qg~A~
'et01 9"(1rlSl A<;I1 ~ 5DA~9D% 9 ']OMet01rlltQ 10 'VIf.(!J,{voou oA31'i9A3,,(

A<;I1 ActOD~9etO"(0%DODlt ~A ~1A '101DAlt9v.. 10 A0300~ActD 13%3, '5130
-~OO%~ 5~%1DetOrl ~1A O"(b.TI~l.D% 'OA~rlDVA31O 001V~9 ' a013
f/P
<;110
ADAD9cbi.! (5~"(01O 5~%101D39 lD% V13lt(l)DOOlt 510(l)X) 10A~(I)ADcb31D

101Q-D lD% AD1~ Q-Olt 5~110%Olt'} 5Q-01 <;Ilt~ 10A3rlc,t09etO"(0%~ '10A~rl(l)A
-Dcb31O lv1lt1Olt 51301 10 '5~100~ 10 ActOD]XO~ Al0lt 530~rll,t oc,tV
'50AQ,lA3 9 0D II o.Ol. orloQ99D1lt9
A<;I1D 01AODD~"(etcb~ '53A~rlD1ADOcbD 53]oQ'} 10 ,~"(etcb 3e~% ~1A
D]rl '53]0Q'}
3e~% <;I~
aT
~D ADAX10~ ~1 Q-Olt 'D191%DA1lt ~D Ol.AOcb~OA~ (~"(etcb
as) A(I)]DAltev.. OOS Dl.Drl9A9
~.L 'AQ,l110% AQ,l1 50Ao"(~l.D%
5<;1%11%ODl.D%00lt 9 013~]10ltl.D% DAQ,lA~ A<;I1 Al0lt 53a~rll,t 53A]V
!H:UUVJ !H>UNHW3 !VIVXdV V.iV~HeV~
HJUJV H)UNHW3
MA9HMA20ov
'Hxou<n: 11 aUAmy; xat 0 xfjQ'U; uvmprovouaE 'to ovo~.ta 'tou
Jtol'YJ'tou 'tou OJtOLo'U 'to Qya So EJtaL~OV'to 'tllv JtQOO't'Y1 111lEQa (xat
avn) roQL~e'tO Ill; xAfjQO). Tt; EJt()IlEVE~ Mo 11IlEQE~ So EJtaL~OV'to ot
'te'tQaAoyLe~ 'trov aAArov JtOl'l]'troV, JtUAl xa'to tilv aElQO 'tfj~ XA'TIQOOaero~.
Kat 't0l aQXl~e 11 JtaQua'taa~ 'tfj~ JtQoo't'l]~ 'tQaYCfl~La~ 'tllV wQa

:n:eQLJto'U Jtou 0 flALO~ UVE'tEMe. ot UJtoxQl'tat JtaQo'UaL<i~oV'to a'tllv
oQXTJa'tQa V't'UIlEVOl IlE JtOA'U'tEA.eLa. 'E<pQoV'tl~av vo Elvm 11 Ile'tall<pLeaL~ 'to'U~ JtaQu~o;'l], wa'tE xaL av'tll vo a'UV'tEAfj a'tllv UJt0IlUXQVVOl 'trov SEa'trov <lJtO 'tllV JtE~ll JtQaYlla'tlXO't'l]'ta xaL 'tllV IlE'ta<poQu 'to'U~ a'tou~ Il'USlXOU~ xoallo'U~ 'tfj~ 'tQaYCfl~La~. <l>oQouaav
xo()6(!vov~, uJto~TJlla'ta IlE U'IjJ'YJAO xa't'tvlla'ta, xaL ~lu<poQa
:n:aQaYEIlLalla'ta xu'tro uJto 'to EvMlla'tu 'to'U~, Wa'tE vo <paLvoV'tm
mo IlEyaAoarollOl, oJtro~ 0 Aao~ <paV'ta~o'tav 'tou~ flQroE~. "H Ev~'U
llaaLa 'to'U~ ~'tav pE~ma UVUAOY'l] JtQo~ 'to JtQoaroJto 'to OJtOLOV
U:n:Ec%OV'tO, YEVlXro~ ollro~ ot Xl'troVE~ 'to'U~ ~aav JtO~TJQEl~ IlE XQrolla'tla'tE~ xa'taxoQ'U<pE~ Qap~ooaEl~ xaL XElQl~ro'toL 01 llavME~
~oav O'tOAlOIlEVOl IlE xEV'tTJlla'ta, 'tmvLe~ X'tA. To n(!oaanreia ('to
:n:avuQxmo xaL uJtaQaL't'l]'to 'toU'to a'tOlxeto XUSE ~LOv'Uolaxfj~
'tEAE'tfj~) Elxav IlEyuAa uvoLYlla'ta ytO 'to a'tolla xaL'to Ilu'tla xaL IlE
MQE~ YQall~~ ~roYQa<pla~va 'to xaQax't'l]Qla'tlXO 'trov ~La<poQrov
:n:QooooJtrov 'toli ~Qulla'to~. To yuvmxEta JtQooroJta 'ta uJtEMoV'to
aV~QE~.
'0 XOQo~ ~'tav V't'UIlEVO~ UJtAova'tEQa. ELOTJQXE'tO a'tllV oQXTJO'CQa (xoV'ta~ !lJtQoo'to 'tov aVA'l]'tll) il xa'to a'tOLXo'U~ (IlE'troJtO 3,
~aSo~ 5) il xa'to ~'UYo (IlE'troJtO 5, ~uSo~ 3). "Qa'tE ~'tav 'tE'tQUYroVO~ xaL 0Xl X'UXAlXO~, oJtro~ a'tov ~lSvQall~o.
Tllv 'tQh'l] 111lEQa 'trov uyoovrov, u<pou EtEA.eLroVE 11 JtaQua'taOl~
'XaL 'tfj~ 'tQL't'TJ~ 'tE'tQaAoyi.a~, ot ~E'Xa 'XQl'taL YQa<pav 'tllV YVOOIl'l]
'to'U EJtUVro a'tL~ mvaxL~E~ 'to'U~ :n:El'ta EXA'TJQoovov'to ot JtEV'tE
lloVO uJto a,,'tov~, ot OJtOLOl UJtE<puOl~av 'tEAl'Xro~ YlO 'to <lJtO'tEA.eolla 'tou uyrovo~. To UJto'tEAEOlla'to UVE'XOLVroVE ullEaro~ 0 'XfjQ'U;.
23S
9'Z
'(5D91n03:) "AD')qc:1:l'IiOO)(
5)3 50.1.9"( " ~9XaA3l3Ti 5D')q(MDOl. )(~ AD12 '1Dl.3.t~ OOl.Q.O D')qmoDl" '1
'50l,9X(l)M319 Al}lt(l)1D '30ctOX~ 5~ '50Aorll,tAH. (1.01 (1.01Q-l> 1l>X 101

-)l>X 10AaricpOOX'l;? ,9 Al>A13rl~9 ,i>oocbrln.o
\J.l. 10Aa'li9SX'l;? 'A10(J.OO(l)3S
A(l)3,,{9lt A(l)"{"{~ A<.!}1 C?lt'l;? 5101 513Al>cbl>19 m1A(l)A~). ~rl l>Al
'~9 Al>OU1D~A'l;? xQ-o '10A3rl~cftct"{l>X}.~ AQ-O Aom"{x3:" 'A(l)19,,{(l),,{Olt'l;?

A(l))3Xlo AC,!)1101}lt AC?93XO 101)l>X 'U10~A'l;? A'}O 5p9Q-O 'A(l)1~rl
-UXCl.1'l;? Al>J"{3X1~ 103lt A(l)A~rloA3}. AC,!)1 0001~3S (j;I1 ~ S!01Q-l> A(l)1-A~S
-,,{3M'l;? 101)l>X 'mO~"{3). 5~01Q-l> l>099cbO i>o~1;t !J,1 IlAPX~ ~ 5~ ' 30
-U"{~X~ 5ctO)l>AuSV. 5~01l>099cbO (l)1g.0 iXmi01Al>}.U !J,1 ~9 A3:. '13rl
-)X09Q-3 510)l>AUSV. 5101 ~Ol>lt l>099cbO l>1(1.l>1 ~19 1l>X 5C,!)X1110XOlt'}

1l>X 5(l)}.0c;t0Al>lt Ultll ~1 A(l)}.~"{ AI"I. 501U9g103lt 1l>X 15m)9roOl>lt
51l>1 A~ l>1D1"{~rl O~A'l;? 9 ~9 13rl) X0 9Q-3'" 1113"{~S 511 13 ~9 (l)1H
-"{l>g ,3910 A~ 10S)"{" '''5~1l>3S 5~01 A30U)Olt~ A1300ltl>19 Al>01D~X09
A~15p A(l)"{"{~g 5g.0 'A011~rl1 C?1 530Y,"{lt A(l)Xll A(l)Sn'Al900rl(l)X A(l)XO
-~919 'AOO1l>~S C?15p 1l>X 310lt ~9 3S,,{Y,OP 5010~e 9 A(l)rll,tAH."
NON'ilJUIDl-
" 'IVIVV)J~VVIV 01AO~

-~rlOA ,013XO'l;? 0109rlu9 C?1D Al>13S~1l>X 5310lt9 511 '53x~"{lt
~o 01A0~~0l>X~ 5(l)30)oX 5Y,1 l>rlO3"{~101t'1;? C?1 1l>X A(l).\01l AC,!)1 10"(1)1
10 'AC,!)1D1A(l)}.l)1(l)Olt AC,!)11l>X AC,!)}.UOOX AC,!)1 'AC,!)1U10lt AC,!)1 l>1l>rl9A9
~~ '~Xl1Xl>Olt l>rluDJlt~ Al>0(1.01l>OX 53AC,!)}.'l;? 5~OXl1l>rll>09 5~01~
' ct0159).
-uooX 9 1l>X 1A~cb310 ~rl 013c;t3gl>og~ ~1U10lt ~1UX1A AC?1 C?lt'l;? 5C?1x3:,
,It''{~}.3rll>~99
I;t ~,,{,,{'l;?
'(1.0001X
1A~cb310 C?"{lt'9 01~ 0139l>09 C?~
~H:n:UVJ ~H)UNHW3 ~VI\fXdV Vl.VVIIH9VVII
HJUJV H)UNHW3
MA8HMA20ov
Ka8' OV DE XQovov 8aAaoomeQa'toUvtE~ ~811vaLOL aVfjyov E~
(iO't'l) 'ta~ VTJOL{J)'tLxa~ oi.xa~, YQa'IjJaIlEvo~ 'tL~ xal. 'tov 'HY"llova,
bbeTJv llyaYEv Et~ 'ta~ A8"va~. '0 DE xaQaYEvoIlEVO~ xal. o'Uvayaywv 'tOiJ~ XEQI. 'tov ALOVUOOV 'tExvi.'ta~ (OTJA. 'toiJ~ TJ80XOLOU~),
3tQoofjA8EV IlE't' alJ'twv ~xLfhaon, ~OTJ8ELV a;Lwv. '0 DE 8aQQELv
3taQaxEAE'UoaIlEvo~, dxwv 'tE XitOLV xEo8aL, ~XEV d~ 'to
MTJ'tQcpov, oxo'U 'tWV OLXWV ~oav ai YQa<pai., xal. ~QE;a~ 'tov oax't'UAOV EX 'tou o'tolla'to~ OL"AEL'ljJE 'tT]V oi.xTJV 'tou 'HyTJIlOVO~".
('A8iJvmo~, 'E3tL'tOfl.~
2, 2, 22)
"Avo t:iuiv av~quiV'fE~ iv 'f~ :40'ljV1JUt OEIZ-rq(p,

() PEv be ~ESUlJV f)EPtU'fOXUOV~, () ~i is EV(J)vVP(J)V Mt).'fui~ov, lr).1Juiov ~i av'fwv ixa'feqov
neqU1J~ aizpa).(J)'fo~. "
237
AlaXVAO~
238
6Z
.:J0tt3ripumq SOf?YW S131f:L 1VXaOVff ?VX

1Olt13 ttp SO.oyp ttOMo/OVOVW ttori1x9f?Cf3 ,f? tt{txyp
,SvYU 01009cbooalt 'ttott3riJOcbV:LVX 'vriyttri
1309-3X 3f?9:L ,W1 VttU OV; Sott(T)JoocbCf'3 ttoY9- X.olV
:1)13A.~cbU03Uc;t ~ri130
-~cbvA.r,> 'om, M,l10.V~ A.<?1l\>lQ vririvOA.1U~ A.Olgric,t11U~ <?1 S01Q2 9 13Dl;>ri

-101~ SV1,\oX~ '(;)1,)-v ,U A.01D1ri310V. <?1l\>0VU A.V1Xvrio.VA. A.~1 Sp 1DX
A.<91V1D,{II A.<91 A.uX~ri A.~1 Sp 1DX 0.01 A.Ocb~OJ..01g A.<?1 ~Q l\>1DX 'A.D1X
-Drio.VA. 1A.lriD'{V:r A.~ A.~1D Soo~ri 3gD,{3", '" ttuf?poocb UOXlttUttp S?3()
-(T)O:L ~n0lt" 1DX SOA.<9SVODW J.01 uX~ri A.~1D 3Duri~'{OU~ S01Q2 0,
'(SOA.lrlD'{V:r S~1 A.VJXDrio.DA. A.~ l?1DX USJOX31Q Sn1A.13riv. 0.01 S<,>cb
-'(3Qr,> SO(31)'! 9 <9A.~ 'nA.<9snon w <?1D A.<9D03II A.<91 A.OJ1,\nA.~ nA.<9A.r,>
0.01 A.<,>X1(l)O~ A.<?1l\>1Q A.nJ001DI, A.~1 <?Ur,> 1V13c,t3A.OriUA.ri S0013A.JnM)l
0.01 S<,>cb'{3Qr,> 0,) A.0'{'{~g103U <?X1(l)OUO,{1cb 1nx <?Xl10.3XDUOS nA.~
~D nD~ri 3D(l)'{~A.3ri~ 1nx nA.1D0.3'{3, A.~1D 'XU SZS <?1 USI;lM3A.3,
'S<,>01uri X~ ~Q SUQJOQO)l 'S<,>01X>U X~ A.<9Q1lt'{ori')-3
A.<91 SOA.~A. A.<?xl1no31 <?1 <?Ur,> "ttw9-cb tt{t:L M!Jf?10:LVltCf3 ~?" 01~
'A.<91U10U A.<9X1A.n01 A.<91S01ncbo.oox 9 'SoA.(l)Joocb')-3 9 SO'{c,tXolV
(LP IIA 1lJWl d>o.o0i\.lt1 3V" :S01lJA.!,tev.)
" '''1Vtt510 1:LVttp S1YJf?ro!..VO:L S~:L rott90X 'ucb1SoY9-XqV"
'ff1d3II A.OVA.xnv
AOll Drih9~W
AO ~G
VVlJH8VVIJ
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA0HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rAO~~HI
"Kat oi] xat AlaxvAo~, w~ oi "WV {Jiov neoaeoox6:r:o iJ

7:eAeVi17, uvv f,lf:V aAAwv ef,lvrJf,lovevaev ovoevo~, oO~rJ~ e~
"Waov"Wv fjxwv ent notiwet, xat neo 'Ae7:ef,lwiov xat ev
IaAaf,livt vavf,laxi}aa~ 5 Of: 7:0 ye ovof,la na7:eo()ev xat 7:i]v
nOAtV eyea1/Je, xat w~ avoeeta~ f,l(ie7:vea~ exot 7:0 Maea()WVt
(Uao~ xat Mi}owv 7:0V~ e~ aV7:o ano{Javw~".
(IIUllO'. 'ATILXcl, A' 14)
'0 LO'UL6a~ UVCUPEQEL:

"AlaxvAo~ ':4()rJvaio~ 7:eaytXO-;, vlO-; f,lf:V EVqJOeLwVO-;, aoeAqJo~ Of: 'Af,lewiov EVqJoeiwvo~ xat Kvvatyeieov, 7:WV el~
Maea()wva aetmevaav7:wv af,la aVuf>. "Eaxe of: xat vlov~ 7:eaytxov~ OVa, EVqJOeLwva xat BLwva. 'Hywvi~e7:o of: aV7:o~ ev 7:fj ~()I
OAVf,lmaot, e7:wv wv x e I oiJ7:0~ neW7:0~ eiJee neoawneia oeLVa xat
XeWf,laat xeXeWf,leva exetv 7:OV~ 7:eaytxov~, xat wi~ ae{JvAat~ wi~
xaAovf,livat~ ef,l{Jawt~ xexefja()at. "Eyea1jJe of: xat eAeyeia xat
7:eaycpO{a~ C, vtxa~ of: elAev xrJ '. 4>vymv of: el~ ItxeA.{av, ota 7:0
nweiv 7:a [xeia emoetxvvf,livov av7:0v, xeAwvrJ~ emeet(petarJ~
avuf> uno ae7:ov qJieov7:o~ xa7:a 7:fj~ xeqJaA.fj~, MWAe7:0 il'wv vrJ I
yevof,levo~".
'0 ~QLO'to(P<lVTJ~ uno<paLvE'taL EmYQalllla'tLxu YLU 'tov AtaxuJ...ov: "5 neW7:0~ 7:WV 'EAAi}VWV nveywaa~ ei}f,law aef,lva". SEVO~
axoJ...LaO't~~ (CHRIST) 6LaJtLO'tc.OVEL: "llnoirJai~ 7:0V elvat MOeeOla
aavvetoi}7:ov owvvataxov ev()ovataaf,lov. '0 AlaxvAo-; avviOe7:e
Ul eeya 7:OV waav XVetevf,levo~ MO f,le()rJv, xa7:exof,levo~ ano ()eoArJ1r7:txi]V f,laviav... ".
L'UYXQOVW~ EXaLVO't0Il'I'JaEv xaL Et~ 'tiJv 6t.6uaxuJ...Lav 'twv 6QaIl<l'twv 'to'U. '0 f3LOYQ<l<PO~ 'ta'U uva<pEQEL: "neW7:0~... 7:i}v u aXrJviJv
exoaf,lrJae xat 7:i]v 01jJLV 7:WV ()eof,livwv xa7:inArJ~e 7:fj Aaf,l1re07:rJ7:t,
yeaqJai~ xat f,lrJxavai~, {JWf,lOU; 7:e xat 7:aqJOl~, aciA.my~tv, elOWAOt-;,
'Eetvvat, 7:OV~ u unOXet7:a~ xeteiat axenaaa~ xat up avef,lan
e~oyxwaa~, f,lei~oai u 7:oi~ xo()oevot-; f,leuweiaa-;" ...
"Ilew7:0~ enevorJaev exxvAi}f,la7:a xat neetax7:0v~, e~aa7:ea 7:e
xat neoaxi}vta xat oW7:eyia~ xat xeeavvoaxoneia xat {Jeov7:eia
240
MA9HMA21ov
nat yeQavov;. "Hr:o de nat f.leAcpduiJv avv()er:'Yj; nat oQX1]aewv ecpever:'Yj;".1
Q Tilv 'teAe'U'taLav VLX'l'JV
'to'll,
f,tE 'ta 'teAe'U'taLa nov
au'to~ ML6a-
~ev Efna (~LO'tL %at IlZtU 8<iva'tov 'tQ~ ij 'tE'tQa%L; O:VI']yoQEu8'f) VL%'f)'ti]~
!W
EQya ~Lbax8EV'ta o:no 'tOV 'llLOV 'to'll EUqJoQLrova, bdO'rJ~ 'tQaYL%OV ,toL'f)'t~V,
oto~ ~'to %at 0 E1:EQO~ 'llLO~ 'to'll BLroV), eIxe f,tE 'tilv 6Laooo8eLoav 'tQLAOYLav "'OQEo'teLav" xal. 'to oa't'UQLxoV 6Qdf,ta "IIQwuv;", 't4'> 458
nX.: "'Ent aQxovr:o; CPtAouAtov;, 'OAvf.lntadt oydo'Yjnoar:fj, er:et
devr:eQcp, nQwr:o; AlaxvAo; 'Ayaf.lef.lVOVl, XO'YjCPOQOl;, EVf.levtat,
IIQwr:e'i aar:vQtuqr exoQ1]yet EevouAfj; 'Acpwvev;". -Me avr:i}v d8
eaxev ev OACP denar:Qe'l; vtua;.
"'Enot'Yjae dQaf.lar:a efJdof.l1]uovr:a uat ent r:oVr:Ol; aar:vQtua
af.lcpt r:a nevr:e ".
L\wow8'I'J0av 7 'tQaycp6Lm: 7uht~~ Hq,uat, 'EJrra bri fh7Pa~
IIuoP1J6iJ~ Aupwr1J~, ~ 'tQLAoYLa 'Arapepv(J)v, X01Jq; 6Uot,
Evpvi~~ xa8cb~ xal. eM.xLO'ta "anaQaYf.lar:a" (f,tLxQa unoomlo!J,a'ta).
"AlaxVAo;... r:i}v r:txv'Yjv OQwv auar:aauwov r:e nat f.l1]nw

nenoaf.l'Yjf.lev'Yjv... r:a; r:wv vnonQtr:wv avr:tAt~et; eiJQe, naQatr:'Yjaaf.levo; r:o r:wv f.lOVcpdlWV f.lfjuo;, r:o vno aU'Yjvfj; ano()v1]auew
enevo'Yjaev,
f.li} ev cpaveQijJ acpar:r:ot, (aocpta; f.lev ... r:aiJr:a) ...
'Ev()Vf.l'Yj()ei; de uat r:i}v r:exv'Yjv,
nQoacpvd r:ijJ f.leyaAetcp
f.ldAAOV fj r:ijJ uar:afJefJA'Yjf.levcp ... anevonoda; f.leV fj1jJar:o ... oUQtfJavr:o; d8 r:ov; vnonQtr:a; evefJtfJaaev, ... ea()1]f.laat U nQwr:o;
euoaf.l'Yjaev, Ii nQoacpoQov fjQwat r:e nat qQw'law .. o()ev
'A()'Yjva'lol nar:eQa f.leV avr:ov r:fj; r:QaycpMa; qyovvr:o, euaAovv
d8 uat u()vewr:a e; Llwvvata. Ta yaQ 1:O'U AtOXUAO'U, 'li''l'JqJLOaf,tEvoov, uve6L6aoxe'to xal. eVLXa ex xaLVfj~".
w;
w;
(tAoO'tQa'tO'll- BLO~ 'AnoMrovLO'll T'llavEro~)

1. MU.t1:eOlV oIxo;: 11 Ev 'tCP 'toov MEAL'terov ~~J.I.<p, OL%6~ 'tL~ ~v :rtuJ.l.J.l.Eye8'f)~, E~
(,AQLO'to't. Fr. XXV 995).
Md.'twv: "oI%o~ Ev cP OL'tQuy<pbot EJ.l.EM'troV." ('E't. Meyu)
QV OL 'tQUY<PbOL EJ.l.EM'trov".
241
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MAE>HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rJ\OIIHI
UEQocu l (lIe(!tx).:ij~ exo(!~'Yet)

(ExAoyai,)
~VtL8E'tOO~ ltQo~ 'tov 'tQaYLXOV xavova, ~ 'tQayq>~i.a au't'iJ l)ev
EXEL {mo8EOLV "/1:V()O~ xexoal'-fJI'-tVTjV II WJ...a. Lo'tOQLXtlV.
Tov ltQOAOYOV altaYYEMEL 0 XOQO~ xal Mv ltaQaAE!JtE'taL Va.
'toVLo8fj ~ IIEQOLx~ taxu~. '0 SEQ~~ ltaQaaUQEL 'tOV Aaov 'to'll O'tOV
OAE8Qo. E>a'UJ.LaO'ta. ltEQLYQa<pLx~ ~ Emx~ a<ptlY"1OL~ 'toil aYYEALa<poQO'U, 0 OltOLO~ avaYYEMEL 't~v O'UV'tEAEo8ELoa xa'taO'tQo<p~ fAk ltQOO'to<pavfj EvaQYELa. l:XT]VLXOV EUQTJJ.La '8EOOQEL'taL ~ Elti.XAT]OL~ xal
EJ.L<pavLO~ 'toil <paOJ.La'to~ 'toil 6aQELo'U.
('H oxl1vil1tQo 'tWv IIEQOLxrov uvux'toQO>v xut 1tA110l.ov 'too 'talpOU 'toii
AUQELoU).
~:roaaa: (~mJ~uyo~ AUQELoU)
IIoAAo~ fAkv aEl V'UX'tEQO~ OVELQaOL

;UVELJ.L' a<p' OiiltEQ lta~ EJ.LO~ O'tEi.A.a~
O'tQU'tOV
1aovoov yfjv OLXE'taL..
0't.176
"El)o;a'tTJV J.LOL bUo YUVULX EUELJ.L0VE,

~ fAkv ltEltAOLOL IIEQOLxoL~ ftOXTJJ.LEvTJ,
~ l)' a-O'tE 600QLXOLOLV, Et~ O'\jlLV J.LOAELv ..
O't. 181
('0 :a:tQ~~ etAEL va 't~ l;;t'IjJ1] crtO aQ!Lu "tou)
.. .xft J.LEV 'tiW Elt'UQyoil'to O'tOAn
o't.192
Ev ~vi.aLOi. 't' ElxEv EUUQX'tOV O'toJ.La,

~ ~' Eo<pal)a~E, xal XEQOLV EV'tT] l)i.<pQO'U
l)LaOltaQaOOEL, xal ;'UvaQlta~EL ~i.<x
(lvE'U xaALVWV xal ~'UYOV 8QUUEL f,LiOOV.
IIi.3t'tEL ~' EJ.LO~ lta~, Xulltu't~Q
ltuQLma'taL
AaQELo~ OLX'tLQOOV ...
1. Ai.oxUAO~: nLlwasaq IU(}uaq eset5ilJasa v/.Xav ael r:ovq avrt.n'c.Uovq,
XOU/tTWaq E(}YOV a(}ta7:ov ". GAQLcrtOlpaV1]S, Ba"tQ. 1026)
242
MA9HMA21ov
XO(/)(; (be IJeeo6Jv yeeov-rwv)

OE (3o'UA.OIlEo8u, Ilfj'tEQ, oui' ayuv
cpo{3Elv A.OyOL~
OU'tE 8UQOUVELV.
Ou
o't.214
'./1:rooo a
c1) CPLAOL, Jtou 'tu~ 'A8i)vu~

L~Quo8aL X8ovo~;
CPUOLV
o't.231
TfjAe JtQo~ ~'UolluI~, avux'to~ 'HA.to'U

cp8LVUOIlUOLV.
~'Woaa
Tt~ ~E
JtOLlluvroQ mEO'tL XWtL~EOJtOt;EL

o'tQu'tou;
OiJ'tLVO~ ~OUAOL XEXA'l1V'taL cpro'to~
oM' UJti)XOOL...
XO(}OC;...
~QUIl'l1IlU cpro'to~ IIEQOLxov JtQEJtEL llu8Elv
XUL CPEQEL OUCPE~ 'tL JtQayo~
Eo8AOV 1\ XUXOV XAUELV.
~yyeAOC;:
'!'g yfj~ futUOTJ~ 'AOLU'tL~O~ JtOALaIlU'tU,

c1) IIEQoL~ ULa XUL JtOAU~ JtAOU'tO'U ALIli)v,
ro~
o't.249
EV IlL{i JtA'l1YTI xu'tEcp8uQ'taL JtOAU~

'to IIEQooov ~. av8o~ OLXE'taL JtEOOV.
oA{3o~,
O'tQU'tO~ YUQ Jta~ OAroAe {3uQ{3uQrov.

IIAi)8o'UOL VEXQOOV ~'UOJtO'tllro~
Ecp8uQIlEvrov
o't.272
243
98'10
m
A\!.O'OU S100~gO'Og 10t'U ~9 S099<11 'q>Xy,
S'001~U S0911q>101M 3~'O'W,,!U1A~
'O'li'P .9 A01e02 'A30UTIl,tcbCJ.u A<?9 U:lt"!OTI

'Oo~u A(OAl,t,,!,,{H. S09'O,,!~'K Y.Xl,t A~TI A01qlOU
'A1391 S~3cbCJ.3 A'Ol'OA. 3Xo~1'O'K A'OOt'U
'Oo~TI~ SO,,!(l)U9'KCl.3,,! 101A~TI 3A. pu~
"'130q>X~ AQ.'OA S~
LL'10
~'OAl> Suuq>'K o~~ St'u '13~U~ ~QA 1'O'K

011ecb~1'O'K Cl.0),,!~ SoM~cb ~913uH.
'39~1 U~0~8 <];>0 Wmu 3~3"{il Aq>8,,!~

0.01'0010 A(l))'OAUey. ~~ AU"!"{tL, O~A. O~Y.
A~eOU A(l)TI)'09 S<?'K'O'K ~ 0(l)10~,,!~ ~3A'Ocb
Q.O'K'O'K S<?1A'OU 0.01 ''OA10UO~9 <p A~TI A3~0lL.
SOy3ttttv,.
!Aql3A S'00l,tXCl.'01'O'K 13el,t"!U 'S9TI~ Sl'OU ~

SUX~TI S3AU,,!,,{H.. 'A00319U 'A'O~0\!.1'O'K S3A)1
'Aoo~ocb !A~ S)1 S\!.,,!ogTICl.O 10Cl.'OA ~~ I!-X0Y.
'0.0.00.1
v,.
'S~,,!'Ocbo~ A11O~ SO'KOj! 'A(l)1A2 O~A. AqlO~A~
5p39 50q~'f'!Dn 1D'1.O~t?D A1"!9U l038

SO,,!3MV;,
Lv'10
'17'10
!S1"{9U S01Ue09U~ .10 j1 AqlAUey. .0!2 .1'tL,

!Sl'O,,!09TI~ A10101'OA mclt~AC1.O AUX~TI
11'OTI').3!!-'OO1O <];>'K1003II mOql1~~ .1DW
A(l)9)AU,,!,,{H. Aql3A A~ SOe\!."!U ~9 A009II
'0.0.00.1
m'10
8LZ'1O
v,.
'SO~TIIMTI3TI (l)A~1O S<!l AqlAUey. Aql1 '0.3<11

A13')."!'K
SOA1TI'O"!'O:r 'OTIOA2 SOeXj1 A01013"!U ~ ...
"Sl'O,,!09TI~ A10101'OA S13eO'OTI'09 S<?1'0010

01Cl."!"{q>U~.9 St'u'"
'Sou91 SOO(l)X090U 31 St'U 1'01'K~ SOA1TI'O"!'O:r
!H:n:UVJ ~H>lINHW3 ~VIVXdV V1VVIIH8VVII
HJUJV H>lINHW3
MASHMA 210v
.. OU yaQ cb~ <p'UYfi

JtataV' B<PUIlVO'UV OEIlVOV "EAA'l1VE~ 'to'tE,
aAA' B~ llax'l1V OQIlOOV'tE~ EUtpUXCfl 8QaOEL'
To ~ESt.OV !J.EV JtQoo'tov EU'tax'tw~ xEQa~
O't. 399
~YEL'tO XOOIlCfl, ~EU'tEQOV ~' 0 Jta~ 0't6A.0~
BJtESEXWQEL, xaL JtaQfjv 0IlOU XAUELV
JtOAATtV ~OTlv, "it) 3tClibe; 'E#..#..1}vrov in,
EI..evOe@oii'te 3tCl't@i.b, #..evOe@oii'te bE
3tClibCl;, yvvClixCl;, Oemv n 3tCl't@.proV lb1),
01}XCl; n 3t@oyovrov. Niiv V3tE@ 3tav'trov yo.v"
...~QSE ~'BIlPoAfj~ 'EAA'l1VLXTt
0't.409
vau~, xaJt08QauEL JtaV'ta <l>OLVi.aO'l1~ VEro~
xOQ'UIlPa ...
'EM'l1VLXaL 'tE VfjE~ oux a<PQaollovw~
XUXACfl JtEQLS e8ELvov, UJt'tLOU'tO ~E
oxa<p'l1 VEOOV, 86:A.aooa~' OUXE't' ~v L~ELV,
va'UayLrov JtAi]80'Uoa xaL <povo'U ~Qo'toov.
~x'taL ~E VEXQOOV XOLQa~E~ 't' BJtAi]8'Uov,
<p'UYfi ~' axoollCfl Jtaoa vau~ ~QEOOE'tO,
OOatJtEQ ~oav paQ~aQo'U O'tQa'tEulla'to~.
TOL ~' roO'tE 8uvvo'U~ il 'tLv' LX8uwv P6A.ov
ayaLaL xwJtOOV 8QauollaoLv 't' BQEIJtLrov
eJtatov, BQQaXLtov, OLIlWyft ~' 0IlOU
xWXUllaaLV xa'tELXE JtEAayLav (iAa...
.. :Q~ yaQ 8EO~
vaoov e~wxE xMo~ "EM'l1aLV llax'l1~
0't.417
:n:aLo'UaL, XQEOXO:n:OUaL ~'Uo'ti]vwv ~A'l1,

EW~ a:n:aV'twv Bsa:n:E<p8ELQaV ~Lov.
8EQS'l1~ ~' aV<PIlWSEV xaxoov oQoov paeo~.
"E~Qav yaQ ElxE JtaV'to~ Euayfj o'tQa'tou,
utp'l1A.OV oXeov anL JtEAayLa~ aA.6~.
Pi]sa~ ~E :n:E:n:AO'U~ xavaxwxuoa~ ALyU,
0't.463
0't.454
245
'''SUC:;03';;'
S010itOiD
=!
\::I
1'--
1JDDO~v,.
'AOO'9och ~131'9"{U11JOW~ MT)\?)n1C 3013'X~ A<,!lrl~.\? Su

.501301J V
11J10nech~1n'X
'S91now
S:g1C SnAl,I.ev. .chrll> .'{'{l) ,S<,!lrln\?Q-O
1JDDO~v,.
~13'{91C
S10'9W ~ 'S911CU'X0 3e"{~ 511 Q,omo,,{ ~<h1C9011AU

.5013OvV
lL'W
'S01C1] A131Cp
SC!> '.e nrl.t'901C A<,!l003II ~111J1Ue091C31CX>1\?'"
(a0]30VV (}O:L vr/Dpcb l?:L 5]3) 1JDDO~v,.
~AOA91C 13Ao1C 51,,{91C
189'10
nAJ1 'J01n03.t 11JOO~II
S\:!.rI~ Sug\f .\? S3'X1"(\f 'A<,!l1D11C ~1D11C 5 ..
(n.0pOVV Qm. mio~cb ,?l. 1'D1.3~1ADcbTl~)

'Sno~X A(T)A9nI\? ~1\?
S3:gA
10 101 An03'{<)l1tl) .\? S3:gA'"
'Sln"{ogrl~ A10100e~(OAn1C
19S'W
.5f!OOX
90S'W
'(1.01g
A3~UOO~1C1)
.rlQ,3A1C nW1X'91 511.02

101 ~\? 13X,)-1Q-U
'''g;..(1.ch AQ.~ <hrl09'Xl) .nUl

'11nrl,)-31no10 onch'9 Sn'{J3Mnon1t <!>~31t
lHUOVJ ~H>lINHW3 ~VIVXdV VIV~Hev~
HJOJV H>lINHW3
Ln
~OVtll
A10~X Alpl~ ,~nA~10 1n'X 3003011 P030'tL.
9VOT'1.O
'5109A. 510<,l0900.Q 3D 101 (l)""ti~U
9LOT'1.O
59 00X
(f!ooX /l,f!~f)) 5lt~olE
L6'1.O
"'5'DA'99Y. 5l?Mo.1.O 50.01A.Mq.J 5l?1

'lOti <P1 '<PI,
(Slt~O~B
9 ?VX 1V:L3'jJ/I,VrhrlgJ
'1~:at 51OAl3'X 50X'D1'hi,,~ ~ .... ~A.Ip."v

'A9'X1Q UW <?1 ~ A<>13"{U nti0.31~010 13 ,Q\,Lti
'Aou91 A(l)A\,LTIH. A<D15~ ,9010 c,t.31n010 ~ti 13:
50130VV
L8L'1.O
~5<p3"{ 5<?'X1003U n1010'9 5<p A3tilOOO~OU

'''A'9 5<DU'" 3130nV ~nA'9 AQ-O 1.1
5f!ooX
("'13U~rlt12t? S0130VV 0)
'A101~ti 0.31n010
AI00.Q A~ AOU(l)1~ti A(!,O"{U1Q 'n0319cbtiv.
nnnOl v,;
~5n"{~1 A3Ano<pti~
AO~C::
,QA\,Ll. Ano13u ~Q 5u1c,t.nA ~ 5<?~3U

50130vV
VWH9VW
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rAOIIH:
AEYTEPEYON KEIMENON
(UnA:ij avuYVW(JL~)
At AYOf,teVaL "nQo<prJ1;etaL" ano 'tov IIQof,t'T]8EU ~eafl<b't'T]v. C-C
IIQof,t'T]8eiJ~ vn~<pEQeL II Dui 7:ijv Atav cpJ.o7:'Yjm p(!07:WV ")1

(E(}Jlfjq elq II(}oJl'f/Oea)
TOLoMe f,toX801J 'tEQf,tU f,t~ 'tL

nQo(J()OXU,
nQLv av 8erov 'tL~ ()LU()OXO~ 'trov (Jrov novwv
<paLvfi 8eA~(Jn 't' et~ aVU'lJY'TJ'tov f,toA.ei:v
"AL()'T]v xve<putu 't' af,t<pL TUQ'tuQo1J ~u8'T] ...
AU(JWV eO'tL. .. 'tQho~ ye YEVVUV nQo~ Mxa,
aMaL(JL yovut~.
(J't.1026
.:0
(J't. 774
- NO'T]f,ta'tLx~ (Juv()e(JL~ ano(Jnu(Jf,tu'twv.

-MOQ<POAOYLXUL, 't1Jf,tOAOYLXUL nUQu't'T]Q~(JeL~.
-Ae~LA.oYLoV:
"o(!v#Pa, acpAaom, &'''(!OO7:0Ala.
-~UYXQL(JL~ f,tE XUQUX't'T]QLO'tLXOiJ~ O'tLX01J~ ano 'toiJ~ "IIEQ(JU~"
'to'U TLf,to8E01J (JuYXQ. Ato:x.uAo1J):
97
<p1JY~ ()E nUALV Le'to IIEQ(J'T]~
(J'tQa'to~ - ~uQ~uQo~ - e3tL(JnEQXwv.
108
e~QL8oV'to ()E aLove~
OL ()' en' ax'tut~ evUAOL~

~f,teVOL yvf,tvonuyet~
a1J't~ 'te XUL ()uxQ1J-
(J'tayet yoq;> O'teQvox'tunoL

yO'T]'taL 8Q'T]vcb()eL xu'teLX0v-r M'UQf,t<i'>...
***
-FPAMMATIKH
IIQo(J'tux'tLx~ - 'AnuQ. - Me'tox~ 'toil Q. II AUOf,taL ".
248
MA0HMA22ov
M61JJla 220v
'H a).roOL 'tfj TQotu~ etvaL 'to nQw'to YQrutt:o
f.l.Vl'JIlELo 'tfj bU'tLXfj YQUf.l.f.l.u'teLa.
tOALflEQ TWtt..LV)
EiO'ayroyiJ m1tv'D..uiba
)(at moiJ; "EllabL)(OiJ; flOA.L'nO'floiJ;
LJrJJlfrr:erJ IUl7:0nOVAOV('A.no -riJv ElauywyiJ -rov fltflAiov -rov '''OJlr,eov'IAwc;'')
"To fLEyaAo alJ'to ltoL'I1fLa 'trov "EAAtlVWV EXEL 8EfLa Evav o'UvaQltao'tLxo EfL<PUALO "EA.A.a~JLxo IIoAEfLo, ltO\) O'UYXA.6VLOE oA.6XA'I1Qo
'tOY ava'toALxo fLEooYELaxo XOOfLO...
'Alto 'tOY uO fL'I1Qo ;ExLVaEL avafL<pLOfltl't'l1'ta t1 fLEyaA'I1 AOYO'tExvLa 'tfj~ av8Qwlto't'l1'to~. ElvaL 'to xOQ'U<paLo 'tEXfLtlQLO 'tfj~ 'tEXV'I']~
'tOU A.6Y0'U. "OXL fLOVO 'tOU ltOL'I1'tLXOU elMo. xal. au'tou mu 8Ea'tQLXOU, fLE 'to. 'tQaYWbLaXa "bQOOfLEva" xal. 'to\) ltEQL'tEXVO'U bLaA.6YOu~ ltO\) 'to xam;LOOvo'Uv.
"R VEOO'tEQ'I1 aQXaLOAoYLX~ oxaltav'I1, xal. 0 wLahEQa altOXaA'UlttLXO o'Uvb'UaofLo 'trov EAAabLxrov fL'U808QUAWV, ltaQEX0'Uv 't~v
tOtOQLX~ flEflmo't'l1'ta 'tooo 'tfj ouyxQo'Uo'l1~ ltO\) ltEQLYQa<pE'tm
Ot~v 'IA.Laba, 000 xal. 'tfj <p'UAE'tLXfj O'UYYEvELa~ 'trov bUo aV'tLJtaAWV XOOfLwv. "H 8E'tLXO'tEQ'I1 OfLW fLaQ't'UQLa, yLb. 'to. XOLVa EA.A.abLxG
<pUAE'tLXa YVWQLofLa'ta 'trov Aarov ltO\) ltOAEfL'I10av o't~v ltAOUCJLa,
tEQltV~ 'IwvLa, 'tEXfL'I1QLOOVE'taL alto 'to '(bLO 'to MEyaAo "EltO. Ot
'AQYEL'tE, ~'X.aLoL, L\avaol. EJtLbQOfLEL, xal. Ot TQroE -L\aQbavOL,
.!\UXLOL, IIaLovE, ltO\) afLuvOV'taL "ltEQl. lta'tQ'I1", EX0'UV OAO<paVEQ'I1
XOLV~ xa'taywyiJ. ME i1>LO'U 8EOfLOU, ltaVofLotO't'Ult'l1 EUOEflELa xal.
249
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rI\O!!H!
8EoAatQELa, O!-tOLa ~8t) XL E8L!-ta, O!-tOLa 6LaX'U~EQVt)Ot), !-tf: XAt)QOVO!-tLXO ~YE!-tOVa XaL ~O'UA~ UQX0vtOOv XaL AaoU !-tf: 3tQOOtOYEVfj 6t)!-toxQatia, XaL t~V i:6La - 03tOO~ u~iama <paLVEtaL U3tO to 6!-tt)QLXO XEL!-tEVO - EMt)VLX~ yAWOOa. BE~aLa of: 6La<pOQEtLXf:~ 6LaAEXtO'U~, !-tf:
E3tLXQatEmEQE~ t~V 'IooVLx~ XaL AtOALXfI, XaL aXL ALYO'U~ t6LOO!-tatLO!-tOU~. l::f: UQXaLOtEQa XQOVLa ot 6'UO autoL (ch~ EVL<lLO~ AaO~ tfj~
8aAaOOa~) ~aVaOL XaL ~aQ6aVOL, dxav !-taSL EXOtQatEuOEL Xatel
tfj~ AtyU3tto'U XaL tOU <l.>aQac:o Pa!-tofj B I. l::f: a<p80VE~ uVaOXa<pLXf:~
!-taQt'UQLE~ UVa<pEQovtaL XOLVel tel QVo!-tata to'U~, OelV EvO~ XOO!-tO'U.
TeXfi1J(!W: KL auto~ 6 YEvaQXt)~ tWV TQwoov, ~aQ6avo~, ~tav
Eva~ 'AQxa6a~ cEAAa6Lxo~ av8Qoo3to~, YLO~ toU ~La xaL tfj~
uQxa6Lxfj~ 'HAEXtQa~. l::u!-t<poova !-tf: t~ !-t'U8LOtOQLX~ 3taQa6oot),
E3tELta U3tO <PO~EQOV~ OELO!-tOV~ 3tOV EYLVav Ot~V 3tatQL6a to'U,
'AQxa6La, E<P'UYE !-tE UQXEtOV~ 'AQxa6E~ xaL U3tOLxt)oav otiJv
l::a!-to8Qaxt) .
.. nel vel !-t3tOQEL 6 '06'UooEa~ vel X'UXAO<pOQEL !-tE toot) aVEot)
!-tEoa Ot~V EtOL OtEVel 3tOALOQXt)!-tEVt) 3tOALtELa, XOOQL~ vel tOV
lJ3to3ttE'U8fj xavEL~, OtL UvfjXE <no mQato3tE6o tWV EX8Qwv, O'rJ!-taLVEL uo<paAW~ otL xaL tel i:6La ELXE !-t' autov~ uv8QOO3tO!-tOQ<pLXel
xaQaxtt)QLOtLxa. 'J\MLW~ ~taVE <p'UO'LXO v' uvayvooQLo8fj U!-tEOOO~', 6
'AX<lLo~ auto~, U3tO tOV~ tOOo 3tQOOEXtLXOV~ xaL UVfIO'UXo'U~
uv8Qw3to'U~ tfj~ TQoLa~.
TEAO~ cr' 6A.6xAt)QO to E3tO~, 03to'U 6 3tOLt)t~~ 3taQa8ttEL O'UVO!-tLALE~ UvtL3taAOOV ~Qwoov, aUtE~ dVaL 3tavta, uva!-tEcra OE ~avaov~
U3tO t~ !-tLel !-tEQLa, xaL U3tO t~V aAAt) TQooa6LtE~, IIaLovE~, eQaxE~,
A'UXLO'U~ x.A.3t. (6t)Aa6~ Aawv !-tE t~v EAAt)VLX~ AaALel xaL 8Qt)oxELa)
xaL 3tOtE !-tE aAAo'U~ "~aQ~aQo<pwvo'U~" o'U!-t!-taxo'U~ tWV TQwoov...
.. :H a<p8oV'r) cEAAt)VLX~ xEQa!-tLxfI, 3tOV ~Qt8t)XE mL~ UAAE3taAAt)AE~ VEWtEQE~ uvaoxa<pE~ xaL OE otQw!-tata 6La<poQoov E3tOXWV
Ot~V 3tEQLOX~ tfj~ TQoLa~, 6EV U<pfIVEL 3tAEOV xa!-t!-tLa U!-t<pL~oALa,
xatel tOV~ uQX<lLoA.6yo'U~, YLel t~v SEcrt~ cEA.A.t)vL6a xaQ6Lel tfj~
250
MA9HMA22ov
ltUALa; U1J1:fj; ltOAL'tELU; 'tfj; 'A.VU'tOAfj;. To YEYOVO;, o(.tw;, 'toiJ'to

EltUA'I18EUE'taL M uXQ'I1 d uXQ'I1 xut (.tE 'ta a/)ul'l\JE'U01iU e8voAoYLxa
'tEXfl~QLU, ltOU ltUQEXEL uU'to 'to t/)LO 'to (.tEyUAO EAA'I1VLxo EltO; ...
ot TQooE; xut ot ltEQLaao'tEQoL alto 'tou; a'U(.t(.tUXo'U; 'to'll;,
EX0'UV (,Aoxu8uQu EAA'I1vLxa OVO(.tU'tU... rbr;nooaflU~, Ilo;':vow(!O~,
"Ex:rw(!, 'AxaflU~, L1 evxu).{wv, ~(!iru~, Mvyowv, ~ y'1jVW(!,
/iyaOwv, IloAb:fJ~, L1fJ{cpo{Jo~, /iV'dcpovo~, 7nn60oo~, MeAavtJrno~,
Ilei(!o~, Ilv(!a{XflfJ~, Aaofliowv, "EAevo~, /ivO(!OflaXfJ, AaoO{xfJ,
Alveta~, rAavxo~, Beavw, ~vdflaxo~, ~n6flaxo~, 'O(!ia7:fJ~,
rr(!{aflo~, Il(!vr:avL~, KAei'rO~ x.An. xaOw~ xat ~U~avo(!o~, nov
elVat -rfJ ovofla -rov O(!VAtXOV Ila(!L).
'0 BaaLALa; 'tOOV ~uvuoov ~yafliflvwv xut (, {3aaLALa; 'tOOV
~uQ/)uvwv Il(!{aflo~ aQXL~o'UV (.tE 't~v t/)LU aXQL{3oo; <PQua'l1 't~v
ltQoaEl)X~ 'tOll;: "Zev na-re(!, "IOfJOev fleoewv, xvOtG-re, fliyw-re ... "
ME t~V t/)La tou't'l1 <PQua'l1 aQXL~EL, (J'to H 202 'tfj; 'IALu/)u;, 't~v ltQoaEl)X~ 't0l) xut ('/...6XA'I1Qo; (, a'tQu'to; 'toov 'A.XaLoov: '''Ev/)O;O'tU'tE,
,reYLOtE ~LU, ltu'tEQa, ltOU xll{3EQva; alto 't~v "1/)'11" ..
"Alev a(!w-revetv xat {me{(!oxov EflflEVat (UAWV" AEEL a'tov
8E'CXO 'AXLAMu, (, ltU'tEQU; 'to'll, (, YEQO II'I1AEu;, ;EltQ0{30/)wVta;
tov.
ME 'tTtV t/)LU aXQL{3oo; EUX~ xut iJJt08~x'I1 ;EltQ0{30/)UEL YLa 't~v
TQoLu xut (, 'lltltoAoXO; Uno 't~v Al)xLa, 'tov YLO 'to'll rAUUXO.
'0 YEQo-AuEQ't'l1;, VO(.tL~OvtU; 'tov YLO 'tOll 'O/)'UaaEu VEXQO, /)Ev
xOL(.ta'taL aE XALVUQL, aUa eltuvw a'tt; a'tuX'tE;, <poQWvtU; QOuxu
tUltELVa ('O/). A. 188). To WLO xut (, yEQo-IIQLu(.to; EltEL'tu ano 'tov
xu(.to 'tOU "Ex'toQu, X'UAWtaL (J'to XOOflU xut (J'tt; xoJtQw;, t'UALY(.tEVo; aE (.tLa <PtWx~ XAULV'I1 (Q 163). M'UQoAoyouv YUQw aJto tov
VEXQO IIutQoxAo ot YUVULXE; (J't~ <J%'I1vr1 'tOU 'A.XLAMu. To WLO xut
ot TQwLaaE; ato JtUAUtL tou IIQLu(.to'U, YUQW alto to JttOOf.j.Utou
UExtoQu. KUVEL tQUJtE~L VEXQLXO aE OAO to atQuto tOl) (, 'A.Xt.UEu;
YLa tOV IIu'tQoxAo. "O(.tOLU E(J'tLua'l1 XUVEL XL (, IIQLa(.to; aE OAO to
AUO tfj; TQoLu; YLa tOV "ExtoQu. I\JtOtEAOUV OAU uuta XOLVa AUOYQU<pLxa a'tOLXELU, Jtou xut a~(.tEQU LaXUOl)V atou; 'EUU/)LXOU;
'tOJtOll;, tEX(.t'l1QLWVOvtU; tt; <P'UAE'tLXE; QL~E;.
251
zsz
'O'X.1oc,tdJlil sq)"{3lA~ '~'X.1A.0"{
-OA9~ 1'X. ~'X.1001D1 Am.~ ~9 0101~1 11~)l i1X9 sq)"{DdJOV, ~uoOO'!oodJlil
1'X. qrlODg30 '~AOrhU~ AU091 ~TI DX~1 30Q,OTI11 91 ~9 'so'X.A.g s9'X.109X~
1'X. sO"{ctdJ9"{"{lil 'soODgO~g SDAil AD1~ sY,"{01DAV, sY,1 001D~'X.
OA13'X.~ 9'X.1"{ct09 91 sC(lu D1uQJ3ACl.OOUq. 3ct3101u sOA9~ 91 AV"
"'CPt1.1J3B
'ltXpn'OO~t1.v.
'51Opll
'OWl-WiE. sC(l9D'X. D1DTI9A9 ActOX~ A~Q s3AU,,{,,{3 .. sQ-0A103TIUO sQ-01

9ulil1009u lD)l (,U"{''X. '5ltXpn'oo~t1.v. 5{J~9 '5ltgpx:!. 5{J~9 'a.On'P1011
5{J~9
'50ool-x:!" 5{J~9 't1.wcp 0.L 5{J~9 '5vJ o0.L 5{J~O) ~Q,OTI01AU,,{,,{3.
D03U1lAlil 0.01 'ctOA13'X.~ ctO"{"{~ 0.0.1 lD'X. ~,,{,,{lil '01DA.1V 91 9ulil 39q)Q
0.01 OA9TI 1Xg s3103901DTIOA9 s~'X.11UTI11 9~ s3~TID10ctTITIU"{U mAp
A~Q sDTI s13,,{9U DTI9'X.lil s3AOOXA.c,t0 511 9ulil s309u lD'X. s3D911
'sD1Q(l)A.D01 sD1"{c,tdJTI~ s'QU"{DU sY,1 A(l)Q
-~U01DOW oc,tQ Aq)11D'X. s3(l)O~ sQ-01 sOA~A. 9.1 DlA~U 30UTI1~ D1~~01
lD'X. D"{U"{"{~ODI1 '0093"{g A91 QA13'X. ~o D13g~,,{Q-3 1'X. s130~ATIDAlil
9ulil U10mtD~1Q mA13 y,A. ~'X.1AU"{"{~ ~ 'D03TI~0 lD'X. DTI9'X.V,
'oA9 0X 91 9ulil 0"{u11~3Alil13A~TI
Q-ou sY,TI11 9WOOOU DAil 'U0399uq. ct01 ~'X.113"{ctdJ ~l.Q-D UTI11c,tODg
~10 sUTI~ATI sY,'X.1A9~ 910000U 9'X.11UA1'X.A.ctO DAil 130q>031dJlil13X~
s9TIo1AU,,{,,{3. 9 'sc,toom'X. sQ-01"{DU 91U sQ-01 9uV. '''D110UOU~ UA13'X.~
~'X.1W1AO"{'X.A.M ~ ACl.OO~OU"{u ~A 'D1DTIc,t3AU ~'X.1AU"{"{3. ~1 9Ulil DO
-3190D103U ~1 '~AXM '3~(l)OUO~ slLoUQPACl.O sY,1 soXA.3"{~ sDA3..
'sctOA~A. 0.01 D13TIUATI ~'X.11DTIct3AU ~11D'X. ~(l)~ ~'X.100101 A~1 UO
-U,,{'X.9"{9 P U1ctX~1Q 'D13"{~TID13TI ~O'X.1U lD'X. ~,,{,,{lil 'uoltA.9"{OTIO~~ ~'X.11
-(l)01ct"{ ~TI A~O sDTI s30~ ~1s<f} 13A~l.dJ 010.0.1 'Aql1DXV. Aq)1sY,TI'X.lil
U~~OU ~1TI ' sq)"{DdJolil "AD1~ A~Q 'sD10V, sY,1 s~1'X.lil 5110 'sD100.1
sY,dJ"{3Qlil sDQ1AU"{"{3. sUA~TID1Xct1Q-3 sY,1 ~dJo010D1D'X. H;""
IwhqJ3AIl..O ~'X.11nriA3AuOA9:11, ~'X.1Ml)A10'X. H.

, "s31039ct3"{~
s~'X.11DO'X.OTIUQ s3dJoOTI910TIg s31OU~'X. ~TI 'DJ3,,{10Dg ~'X.1X0D101DU
~ :01Ql 911DAp 'A(l)3~~1DODU oc,tQ Aq)11D'X. DTIU10c,tD 9'X.111"{OU 9.1
IH:n:OVJ IH>lINHW3 IVI\fXdV VIVVIIH9VVII
HJOJV H>lINHW3
MA6HMA22ov
'AV'tteE'ta, ELVaL Xa'tubTjAO 3tW~ XLVTj'tQO 'tfj~ O'UVEXOU~ U'lhfj~

uvabQof,1fj~, U3tfjQ~E 'tl eV<J'UvdbTj'tTJ 3tLO'tTj 'tou aioovLo'U AaOU, !Jl 'to.
UA.<lSTj'ta aiOSTj't~QLa, O'tT] q)'lJAE'tLX~ 'to'll EVO'tTj'ta f,1E 'tT]V 'tQaYLXT]
3tOAL'tEta xaL 'tlTU'\j1Tj yLU eXELVOV 'tOV MEA<Jl0X'tOVOV OAE8Qo.
'0 EUQL3tLbTj~ f,1' Eva 3tLXQO XOQLXO O'tT]V 'tQaycpMa 'to'll
"'Avr5(!o{J-ax'Yj II U<Jl~VEL, f,1La UATjSLVa O'UYXAOVLO'tXT] f,1aQ't'UQLa, YLa
va <JlavEQwoEL au'tT] 'tT]V hO'UVELbTj'tTj 3tLO'tTj 'tOu Aaou 'toov
'En~voov O'tT]V EAATjVLXO'tTj'ta 'tfj~ b'UO't'UXLOf,1EVTj~ XWQa~ 'tfj~
'i\.va'tOAfj~.
""!} cI>oi{3e, eav nov :r&15(!ywae~ rov ~aJ..oreLXW{J-evo rij~ T(!ota~
).,ogJo ~al av Oee -roiJ nono'll, IloaeLMJva, ...

utXa YUI nOLav atrta
ena(!ar5dJaare a7:L{J-a mov noU{J-a(!xo "A(!'Yj
.qv T(!ota -rqv raJ..al:Jrw(!'Yj, nov 'vaL e(!yo rrov xe(!LWV aa~
~alrqv agJrware a~ATJ(!a va a{3rweL va (!'Yj{J-a~et; II
'i\.vaf,1<JlLofl~'tTj'ta bEV 80. f,1LAOUOE 3tO'tE <J'tou~ EAATjVLXOU~ 'to'll
SEOU~ 'tooo flLma,
0 EMTjva~ EUQL3tLbTj~, av E3tLO'tE'llE 3tW~ OL TQOOE~
~'tav Eva~ fluQflaQo~ UMO<JlUAO~ Aao~.

"EqJ'taoav 'to. uQxaIa Xdf,1EVa <J'tou~ VEW'tEQO'll~ XQovo'U~ <JloQ'tWf,1EVa f,1E 0XL ALYE~ 3tAUVE~, 3taQaAd'\j1EL~, 3tQoo8a<JlmQEoEL~, 3tOU
3toAM~ EX0'UV xal flaSu'tEQE~ oa<JlEL~ 3tQ08EOEL~ U3tOXQU'\j1EWV xaL
UAAOLWOEOOV. 'i\.<Jl~vov'ta~ UQXE'tE~ uSEa'tE~ 3tAE'llQE~ 'tOOV YEYOVOtwv.
'EAAabLxo yvwQLOf,1a e3tloTj~ xaL 'tl u3taQ~Tj <J'tT]V UXQ03tOATj 'tfj~
TQoLa~ vaou tfj~ IIaMubo; 'i\..STjva;, !Jl 'to ayaAf,1a 'tfj; 8Ea; f,1EOa
cr' au'tov, 03tO'll 3tQOO3tE<Jl'tO'llV OL TQwabL'tLooE; YUVaLXE;. "Of,1OLOL
vaoL u3tfjQxav <J'tL~ 'i\..XQ03tOAEL; OAWV OXEMv 'tOOV EMabLxoov 3tOAEWV, U<JlLEQWf,1EVOL o'tT]v 3taVEAAabLXT] SEa 3tQOO'tu'tLooa 'A8Tjva.
"Eva; xaL 'tfj; 'i\..8~va;, 3tOU OE ALYO'll; aioovE; 80. U'\j1w8fj 0't0 3tEQLAaf,13tQo UQXL'tEx't0VTJf,1a 'tfj~ uv8Qw3t0'tTj'ta;, 'tov IIaQ8Evoova. To
UQLO'touQYTJf,1a 'tOU cIlEwta xaL'tou 'Ix'tLvo'll, 3tOU f.13tQoO'tu 'to'll o'tu8Tjxav f,1E ExO'taOTj 'to. f,1EyaAu'tEQa 3tVEUf,1a1:a toU XOOf,1o'll ...
253
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rAOI:I:H!
"Nae, ~al1Cmo~ va d eX7:We, f-lf:~ a7:ov~ w(!atov~ w(!alo,

YLa 7:~V alWVL07:Tj7:a f-lf: ~a(Je Xa(!Tj 'Eaeva;
E faf:
a1Co~aAV1jJTj
0 (!v(Jf-lO~,
~a(Je y(!af-lf-l~ ~al Movaa
AOYO~ 7:0 f-la(!f-la(!o eywe, ~L " lMa 7:exvTj, ~L q(!(Je~

a7:~ xw(!a 7:~ (Javf-la7:ov(!y~ 1COV 7:a a7:0xa~e7:at OAa...
'Eaeva of: af: xdaave 7:v(!ayvwf-levwv aXAm,

~af-la7:e(!a av(J(!W1COf-lO(!q;a a1C(!WYf-leVa an' 7:~ fJov~ev7:(!a
q;a(!f-la~e(!a ~L aAV1CTj7:a ovvaa7:Tj atf-la7:01C07:Tj..
'Eaeva f-lf: 7:0 AOYWf-lO ~L faf: f-lf: 7:0 7:(!ayovoL

af: iJ1jJwaav 7:(OV fAeV7:e(!WV ,ot AOYWf-lOl f~el 01COV
~al
0 NOf-lo~ aav 1C(!W7:oywe 7:fj~ IIoAL7:eta~ 1C(!Oa7:a7:Tj~
f-lf: 7:0 (!v(Jf-l0 1C(!W7:0YLve, ~L q7:av ~L a1ho~ 7:(!aYOVOL... "
K.
254
na).apii~
MA9HMA22ov
"... 'tov 'IJ..a')tov n:oJ..ep,ov yeyovo~a,
n:aeaAa{3wv e')toaP,1Jae -raiq p,v()on:OUatq,
')tat -r1Jv 'OdvaaeOJq n:J..aV1/v waav'tOJq... "
l:1:{!ufiooV A' -20
PAlJIQL1IA A
Mfjv~.
MijvLV aEL~E, SEa, II"A"La~EOO 'AXLAijo~

OUAOILEV"V,11 IL'UQL' 'AxmOL~ aAYE' l!S"XE,
JtOAA.a:~ ~' LCPSLILO'U~ 'l\l'Uxa~ "AL~L JtQOLa'l\lEV
~QWOOV, autov~ ~f; EAWQLa tEUXE 'X:UVEOOLV
OLoovoLOL tE JtUOL' ALO~ ~' EtEAELEtO ~o'UAir
E; 0-0 ~~ ta JtQrota ~LaOt~t"V EQLoaVtE
'AtQEL~"~ tE ava; aV~Qrov xal. ~LO~ 'AXLAAEU~.
TL~ t' aQ OCPOOE SEroV l!QL~L ;'UVE"XE ILaXEOSm;
A"tOU~ xal. ALO~ 'Uto~' 0 yaQ ~aOLAijL XoAooSEl.~
vouoov ava otQatOV cbQOE xax~v, oMxovto ~f; AaoL,
ouvExa tov XQUO"V f]tLILaOEv aQ"tijQa
'AtQEL~"~' 0 yaQ ~ASE Soa~ EJtl. vija~ 'Axmrov
A'UooILEVO~ 't'E Suya't'Qa CPEQOOV t' aJtELQLOLa aJtOLva...
-MOP!I>OAOfIKAI IIAPAmPID:Ell:
2riXOl JT:(!OOl#WV:
"OJtOO~ xal. Ot~v 'OMOOELa, xal. E~ro 0 JtOL"t~~ aQXL~EL ILf;
EJtLXA"OL JtQO~ t~v SEa -Mouoa xal. ILu~ M~EL EV O'UVtOILL~ t~V
lJJtoSEOL tou JtOL~ILato~, Jtov ~f;V ElvaL ~ JtEQLYQacp~ toU TQOOL%OU
JtOA.EILo'U aMa ~ ILijVL~, 0 S'UILO~ tOU ~XLMEOO~.
p,tijVt;: ~LaQx~~ S'UILO~, XaXLa (Ex tOU ILaLVOILaL xal. ILEVOO)

(JtQ~A. SEoIL"vLa)
clEtbe: JtQootaXt. tOU aEi~oo: a~oo, tQayo'U~ro, E;'UILvro
(JtQ~A. (M~, (LOILa, aOLM~).
255
G)
~:~ I
'~A'BU "'(X>1I. 'UO]1'BJJ!A'BU '~IfA'BU ',,(,(X>J 'S!A'BU :'A1my '''{gO:1

'(59X11o.X>A '5Iuc,tX>A '5001!A :x>J...ooJ...~oX>:1)
OOSI,,{:1 =OOSlA tio.1g. 'AOlo,,{:1 =50.X>A ti9A9 0.01 'Slt"{:1 '11X> :5Dl!A
'(5lt'X~ti 5!:J,1 ~og A~W A10o.XoJA~ 5<?0:1 OO9c,t3:10
"{lt9 'OOSlS1X>X ~og :l)13S~og '''{gO:1) OO'XSl01 =OOSlS 0.01 X~- 5~'XX>1 :590
("5x>013'X 5~1 ooO;tX>
0.01 X~ '51oltSl9= ~0r.> .mtio'Xg,3 'mtioSl9 :mtio~0r. 5~303'J :olpho~
OOOO~ox>mAr.> 'q>A1X :1tiM02 0.0109r.> :aDO'll
A009A:AOD!!OA
'('Bl~lO:> :1OI.
'Bl~TI0:> :'''{X>1L ~l~l0:> '''('(X>J 'Bl~loq:> :'A11X>Y '''{gO:1)
'X>03ti~0 1X>X X>JOx>tilto X>J91- (~"{O'X tio.~) 513S01J...09 :5'!30{l)"{0'X
(1tiltl-Ac,t0 0.01 09r. 3Xl!Ao.~ 13,Ar.> :aXIqA(\~
(0c,t910 10A13X~ "{lt9) 513cbo '11X> ~XJ.o.9 :aWcbD
(A0001X~Ar.> '''{gO:1) 5~3"{10x>g '5lt19:1039 :~DA'9
'(mlADWJ19 S1acft9lt~ lD 'rllw "t~Olt 10X>10~19
~O AX>S,,{~) 1tiltWJ19 0.01S10r.> XJ.o.9 09r.> :Ah1l}WDlq
'(~13"{31 '''{gO:1) 'q>olt"{:1X~ 'OO11~0:1 'q>"{31X~
.mtiOSl"{31 'OOSI,,{31 0.0150:1c,t15<?X1:t~ 'OOJ3"{31 0.01 'moX>:1 :013J3"t3~
'A<ptio.1m9Ao.O
'''{gO:1 (oo~~01Oti :OOJX>9) AOA:1139 'x>ti0.3J... :h1JDq -1X>X- D11Dq
'X>03ti~0 10'XSlti X>JOx>tilto \.t 1X>X ~CJ.X>-A013tilto A<?X13,Ax>ti (
A<?Alt1:1 A<?X13,Ax>ti (Z A03A02 AO"'~cboxox>o (1 :59A{l)10
50'X0.31 '''{gO:1
:OO'Xc,t31 0.01 'moX>:1 ~c,tX>Ar.> :a'X!!31
'q>A3~00:1 'OO~~O.3X~X>0X>:1
(Ol.DA~O A,?1 '?~ 1DX

oO:il1<poa~ocb ,?XDX 011aoroaOi/ A<!)oxaA A<!)1 ~cbD1 ~rllL)
'(A13"{~ tio.1~) AOO1~tiOO1:1 Aoocb~1r.> 1:1~ 5OOJ91 'X>J3"{ :A010l?,,{~

OO"('(SlWO:1r.> 13AJx>tiltO
(~cbr.> '''{gO:1- OO11t1> 0.01 X~ 03:12) OO1:1~J.OO:1 0.01 09r.> :a4tDloo1C
(~ti11+ 5q>oo.Xo1= 1cbJ) 501309Ar.> '50ti13,A~ :50ri10cbl
(ltx~S '''{gO:1) 1tilt8J1 0.01 09r.> :axhOll
X>1ltti8J0X>Ar.> :DJ0(\ri
(ltASltiO,,{913,Ar. X>JoS3"{9 :hAsrrio"{'}-o
~H:nOVJ 3:H)IINHW3 3:'VI'VXd'V 'Vl'VIf,IH9'V1f,I
HJOJ'V H>lINHW3
I>
MAE>HMA 220v
AIO~IOY
AAIKAPNAl;EEUE
poMAiKH APXAIOAOIlA
A. 61, 1. "'On be 'KaL 'to 'tWV TQoooov E8vo~ "EM'I1VL'KOV EV 'toL~ Ila.AL(J'ta ~V E'K IIEAo:7towrioo'lJ :7to'tE OOQIl'l1IlEVOV, ELQ'I1'taL IlEV 'KaL a.MOL~
'nOL :7ta.AaL, AEX8i]OE'taL 6E 'KaL :7tQO~ Ello'll 6L' OALyOOV. "EXEL be 6
f..oyo~ :7tEQL alhwv (ME. (A' 61,2-61,3-61,4-61,5-62,1-62,2) .
.. :g~ IlEV 6iJ 'KaL 'to TQOOL'KOV YEVO~ "EAA'I1VL'KOV aQXfj8EV ~v 6E6i]f..OnaL IlOL.
***
-ANArNflEMA
Havuaviov lIl/Jwxtxa II
"cfJWXLXi] WrOVOLa "
(ot <l>roxe1:):
3.
'KaL 9woaAwv EvaV'tLa E:7tOAEIl'l10aV :7tQO'tEQOV E'tL ~ EA.a.OaL
tov Mfj60v E:7tL "EM'I1Va~, <hE 6iJ 'KaL E:7tE6ELsaV't0 ot OO'KE~ EQya
E Ilvi]Il'l1V. Ka'ta yaQ 'tiJv "Ya.!J.:7tOALV, ii 'tOiJ~ 9EooaAoiJ~ :7tQoOEMX0Vto EIl~aAEiv 0CPLOLV E~ 'tiJv xooQav, u6QLa~ 'KEQa.IlO'lJ :7tE:7tOL'I1IlEVa
'KatoQvsaV'tE 'KaL E:7t' alha~ yfjv E:7tLcpoQi]oaV'tE~, U:7tEIlEVOV 'tiJv
L:n:7tOV 'twv 9woaAwv' ot M, <'hE ou :7tQO:7tE:7t'lJOIlEVOL 'twv OO'KEOOV
tiJv tEXV'I1V, E:7tEA.a.OaV'tE~ 'toiJ~ L:n::7t0'lJ~ Aav8a.vO'lJOLV E:7tL 'ta~ u6QLa~.
'EVta'll8a a:7tExooAo'llV'to IlEV ot L:n::7tOL 'twv :7t06wv EO:7tL:7t'tOV'toov OCPLOLV E~ ta~ MQLa~, E'K'tELVOV'tO be 4. 'KaL a:7tE:7tL:7t'tOV ot a.V6QE~ a:7tO
twv L:7t:7tOOV. cg~ 6E ot 9woaAoL IlELtOVL ~ 'ta :7tQo'tEQa E~ 'toiJ~
())'KEa~ XQOOIlEVOL 'tTI oQyU, O'UVEAEX8'11oav a:7tO 'tWV :7tOA.EOOV :7taOWV
%aL E~ 'tiJv oo'KL6a EO'tQa'tEVOV'tO.
257
----_../
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL
rAnnH~
5. Tailta ro~ btuSovtO ot <l>roXEL~, Aoyu~a~ tQLaxoaLou~ xaL

rEArova en" aVtoL~ aQxovta a:nOateMoumv e~ tOU~ :nOAE!-LtoU~ aQtL
aQxoflevrJ~ vuxto~, :nQoatu1;avte~ acpLm xato:ntEilaaL tE to. tow
eEaaaArov, OvtLVa acpaveatatov Mvmvto tQo:nov xaL a{jS~ e~ to
atQutEUfla e:navfJxELv Xata troy (}~rov t~V fluALata ayvroatov,
flrJ~E Exovta~ flUXrJ~ aQXELv. O-otOL u:no troy eEaaaArov ot AOYU~E~
a:nwAovto aSQoOL xaL avtOL xaL () ~yOUflEVO~ acpLm reArov, O'Ufl:TtatOUflEVOL tE u:no troy bt:nrov xal
6.
u:no troy aV~Qrov cpoVEuoflEVOL. Kal ~ aUflCPOQa acprov xatu:nArJ1;LV tOL~ e:nl <> atQato:ne~ou troy <l>roxerov trJALxautrJv eVE:rtOLrJaEV, WatE xaL ta~ yuvruxa~ xal :naL~a~ xal oaa troy XtrJflUtrov
aYELV ~v acpLmv ~ cpeQELv, EtL be xal eaSf]ta xal XQuaov tE xal
aQYUQov xal to. aYUAflata troy SEroV e~ tavto auW1;avtE~, :nUQelV
ro~ flEYLatrJv e:nOLrJaav, xal en" aVtOL~ aQLSflOv tQLuxovta
7. aV~Qa~ a:noAeL:nouaL' :nQoaEtetaxto ~E tOL~ aV~Quatv, d
~ttaaSm tOU~ <l>roxea~ O'Ufl~aLvOL tfi flUXU, totE ~~ :nQoa:noacpa1;m flEV tel~ yuvaLxu~ tE xal :naL~a~ xal ro~ LeQELa avaSevta~ tavtu
tE xal tel XQfJflata e:nl t~v :nuQelV xal evevta~ :nilQ, outro~ ~~rJ ~La
cp8aQf].~al aVtou~ ~tOL 'U:n' aAAfJArov ~ e~ t~V L:n:nOV troy
ewa~rov ea:nL:rttovta~. ~vtl toutOU flEV a:navta to. avuAY'Y)ta
pOUA.EUflata MOVOL(J. u:no 'EAAfJvrov OVoflU~Etm .mxtxi], totE be
ot <l>roXEL~ e:nOLoilvto aVtLXa e:nl toU~ 8. ewaaAou~ E1;o~ov.
MA6HMA22ov
TP9IKH EKI:TPATEIA
AYNAMEII: AXAI9N
('EQyuOLU 'tOU o:7tou6uo'tou 'tfj~ EAA.
n uvr:ekij ':Ae/3UV1Xl"'1'J)
ArQrm
HrEMONEE
APKME~
ATI(AHIIlMAI
APrEIOI
ABANTE~
AI'AIllINQP
MAXAQN, IIOAAAEIPIO~
AIOMHMn:, ~8ENEAO~
EAE<pHNQP
60
30
80
40
MENE~8ETI
50
50
Eil~OLU
A6HNAIOI
BOIQTOI
IIAOIA
IIHNEAEQ~, AHITO~
KONIO~, APKE~O~
IIP080HNQP
AQAEKANHLIOI
<pEIAIIIIIO~, ANTI<pO~,
42
NIPETI, TAHIIOAEMO~
EIlEIOI (HAEIA)
AM<plMAXO~, 8AAIIIO~
40
AIQPIn:, IIOAYEEINO~
AITQAOI
EYMHAOY
BuaLALOY
EYPYIIYAOY
BuaLALOY
80M:
40
EYMHAO~
11
EYPYIIYAO~
40
HIIEIPQTE~
AOKPOI
rOYNETI
OATIlliTI
IAOMENETI, MHPIONIn:
AIM:
MArNHTE~
IIP0800~
MYKHNAIOI
AI'AMEMNQN
KE<PAAAHNE~
KPHTE~
22
12
80
40
40
100
APxn:TPATIITO~
MYPMIAONE~
AXlAAETI
MlNYAI
M:KAAA<pO~, IAAMENO~
IlOAYilOITH BuaLALOY IIOAYIIO~, AEONTETI
IlPQTE~lAAOY
IIPQTE~O~
50
30
40
40
259
q
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~
MAAMINIOI
AAKEMIMONIOI
.AIM:
I>QKE~
~AIO~, EI1:a;rpOI>O~
TEAAMQNIO~
MENEAAO~
I>IAOKTIITOY BaOLf...ELOvI>IAOKTHTIU:
IIYAIOI
NErrQP
AOYAIXE~
MEr:EU:
l;YMMAXIKAI AYNAMEIl; TON TPOON
o TPQIKO~ :ITPATO~
YIIO THN HrEllAN TOY EKTOPO~
APXHrOI
AAIZQNE~
OAIO~, EI1:a;rpOI>O~
AAPAANIOI
AINE~, APXEAOXO~,
~
I1ANAAPO~
ZEAEIOI
SPAKE~
~,IIEIPOO~, P~O~
KAPE~
N~,AMI>IMAXO~
KAYKONE~
KIKONE~
EYI>ID40~
AEAErn~
AA~
AYKIOI
~I1HAQN, rAAYKO~
MAIONE~
ME~S~ ANTII>O~
MYllOI
XPOMIU:, ENNOMO~
I1AIONE~
I1YP~
I1AI>AATONE~
IIYAAIME~
IIEAAll'OI
I1ITYEIA, THPEIA
II1I10S00~, IIYAAIO~
:rn::ITO~, ABYAO~,
AEIO~
AAPA:ITO~ AMI>IO~
MImH
I>PYrE~
I>OP~,~IO~
AMAZONE~
IIENSE~IA
AISIOI1IA
MYllA
MEMNQN
260
EYPYI1YAO~
rAOLIHI
12
60
40
7
90
40
19Z
, u 13~J1DX 0'J.3D 11 ').A Ml)1~"HI j3gCP 3"(
-orl9 0:U: '3wmcbIL." :MplC)3 D1Drl1,t10:U: 1\>1 3~3"(cbjl1D'K 5DDCJ.O'Kl} 5n01~O'K0>:r"'"
'I
I 'DJmoDo"(lm A~W !:!-e(l)1DOm~ ~A 1D'X S13DI,t"(0X.DDA~ S~'X1~U

-10ll: 51~ UDl,tm~ ~A DJ11D ~ 3'XU8~W ~1Q.D DJmOOOM H. 'U1~0'X~ A9~
3D10<pM~ Aq;l1~ OZ DJ'X1"(~ ~~ '1,t'X11DtiD09 1D'X ~'X1ll:~- 1DUJOll: A~~ ~ti
~TI~ 'n01 S13A3JJ..nn JO A'?93Xn 10"(2 SOOll:2 ~'X111"(0ll: A~1 ~ti 3'XUel,t"(
-oXn~ A~V 'C,130 FP 1?~lt(JIYJD 1?~ mltpu II) n01J3"('XDOH. 0.01 ~1U8Dti
'0"(')-1DO)l A,?1 ,?ll:~ DJmODO"(lm A~W 3'XUel,tnti 'Sogum~ S~. 'OAO?.l.O
1D'X 0ll:001?ti n01 ')-1D"(ll: ,?1 ~J... 'DAOO1~,,(1l ~D !:!-"('XOW10v. 9ll:~ 30Dti
-9AOO13ti A,?1 S,?1Q.V 'SOJ...Ov;. ,?1 ,?ll:~ AOOWJ0V. S~DDAtiM '} 3gD"(?A~
~A.ooJ...~ (l.O1 l,t'Xl1DTiOOD A~.L 'AOO'X~OV '} SO"(D'XD~9190'X1Dnoti 1n'X
S010')-A01V '} SO"(D'XD~91901DtitiDOJ... n01 SOl,q;l01l '1DUe~ti ~1J... Dc!t19
lLw109103~ 313e?'l9 S0192 O. '1Doom09ti 1D'X ~ooJ...~ D13"(?1 3gn"(j1 'Sn
-J3A3J...0'Xl0 S!:!-'X11DO'XOW10~ 1D'X SDJDnO,,(ll: SOA9J... S~. 'DAOOW~ U:L?8
-OtiOA A,?1 ,?ll:~ n01 DO?1Uti ~ 1D'X 0(99)1 DroDDg A,?1 '?~ 013J...1,t1D'X
n01 SDO?1Dll: O. 'SI,tA3J...Q.3 '5!3AOJ... 0')-9 S~01 '?~ 1D)I 'uA911'X103II
~ n01 DO?1Uti 1D'X (S!:!-,,(nm S09JuJ...1V S!:!-1 D?Un"(o)l otiy,Q
A,?1 '?~) Sno?"('XOW1Ov. 0.01 '} AOOWJ0V. '} n01 SDOil1Dll 'X'll: LZt> 91
(DA1J...IV A~1D SnoTI~ .;t.D'X) DAl,tev. A~W UeI,tM3J...~ AOO1~"(ll 0,
SOM01~m 0.0 1 AOA0:il.. C;-1l'DX SOJa
o.
NH.LIdX :IONH.LVVn
AOZ Inih9~W
AOlVWH9VW
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rAOnHI
M8 'tov }:;WXQ(l'tTJ 0XE'tL08TJXE O'tEVa E3tL IlLU OX'tUE'tLU, IlEXQL

bTJA. 'to 399, XQOVLCl 3tOU 8uvu'too8TJXE (, llixQa'tTJ~. To 3t000 dXE
E3tTJQEu08fj O,3tO uu'tov, O,3tO 'tL~ <PLAOOO<PLXE~ 't01J 01J~TJ'tiJOEL~ XUL
EQE1JVE~, <pULVE'taL 08 OAU 't01J 'ta OUY'YQaIlIlU'tU 03t01J (EX'tO~ a3to
'tou~ N6!lov~) 3tuQ01JOLa~EL 'tov }:;wxQCl'tTJ va (l,LE1J8uVTJ 'tilv ou~iJ
'tTJOL (l,LaAEX'tLXa XUL va Em~aUTJ ,;iJv YVOOIlTJ 't01J.
ME'ta 'tov 8avu't0 'to'll }:;wxQa'to1J~, (, <PLAOOO<PLXO~ XUXAO~ 'twv
llu8TJ'twv 't01J bLUAU8TJXE. at EVOL E<p1JYUV yLU 'tilv 3tu'tQLbu 't01J~: ot
}:;LIlLU~ XUL KE~TJ~ (J'tilv eiJ~u, (, EUXAELbTJ~ o'ta MEYUQU, (,
SEVO<pWV milv 'AoLa. '0 IIAcl'twV O,xoAou8TJOE 'tov EUXAELbTJ ma
MEYUQU 03t01J EJlELVE bUo XQOVLU. 'EXEL aQXLOE va ouY'YQa<PTJ 'tilv
3tQoot'TJ OELQa 'twv bLUMywv 't01J. }:;t'i1v ~8iJvu EmmQE<pEL 'to 395
3t.x. !tE 'ta EQYU ~Jl'OA.Orta, Kei7:wv, Ava17~, Xue!l617~, AaX17~, x.a.
To 388 3tQuYIlU't03tOLEL'tO 3tQw'to 't01J 'tuLbL milv K. 'hUALU XUL
}:;LXEALa, yLU EmmTJIlOVLXE~ XUL <PIAOOO<PLXE~ JlEM,;E~. "'E3tEL'tU MO
3tQOOXATJOL 'to'll t'1JQavvo1J ~LOV1JOL01J 'to'll 3tQEO~1J'tEQ01J E3tLOXE3t'tE'taL 'tilv UUAiJ 't01J 03t01J 3tQOOJ'tu8EL va 'tOV <PEQTJ 08 OQ80'tEQO (l,QOIlO
3tOAmxfj~. 'H OUVEQYUOLa O,3to't1JyxavEL. '0 ~LOvUOLO~ o'QXL~EL va
'tOv IlLofj XUL t'ov 3tUQUbWEL 08 XMOLOV IIoUTJ !tE 'tilv MOATt ~ va
t'ov <pOVEUOTJ ij va 'tov 3tWAiJ~ ro~ bOUAo. '0 IIOAATJ~ 'tov E3tOUATJOE
o,;iJv A'LYLVU 03t01J 'tov aYOQUOE (, K1JQTJvuIo~ ~VVLXEQTJ~, (, (,J'toIo~
XUL 'tov EAE1J8EQWOE. 'EyUQLOE o'tilv ~8iJvu 'to 387 Et~ ~ALXI.UV 40
E'tWV. To'tE a3tE<paoLOE va t(l,QUOTJ 0XOAiI YLa va 01J~TJt'fj IlE t'OU~
<PLA01J~ t'01J XUL va (l,L(l,aOXTJ. MLU oxoAiI 3tOU va bLU8Et'TJ XUt'aAUIlUt'u, xiJ3t01J~, xooQ01J~ OUYXEV'tQOOOEW~ X.A3t. 'AYOQUOE IlLU EX'tUOL
EW MO 'to ~i.3t1JAOV, xoVt'a mov "I3t3tELO KOAWVO. '0 XWQO~ UU'to~
ij't'o a<pLEQwIlEVO~ mov TlQwu ~xabTJIlO, E'tOL ~ }:;xoAiI ilivolla08TJXE
'Axu(l,TJIlLa (~xu(l,iJJlELa).1
1. ":AKab'I'Jf.LLa~ bE ou :n:oQQoo mu'toovo~ f.Lvijf.LU ECJ'tLV, ci> :n:QOEm1f.LULVEV " eEO~

UgLCJ'tOV 'to. e~ IplAoaolpLav EaEa8UL :n:QOEm1f.LULVE bE ou'too: ~OOKQU't'I'J~ 't'o 31:Qo'teQ~ VUK'tL Ti m(l'tOlV Ef.LEA.Aev EOEa8aL OL f.Lae'I'JTri~, Eo3tTfjvaL ot KUKVOV E~ 'tOv
KOA.:n:OV Elbev OVELQOV ECJ'tL bE KUKVqJ 'tq> oQvL8L, !io'UOLKf\~ M1;a "
TIa'Uaav. :AULKo. A' 30
262
MA0HMA230v
'H i\.xa~TJJ.tLa ~lieE'tE: 1) eva OLXTJJ.ta yliJ. xa'tOLxLa 'tOU EXOO'tOtE uQXTJYou 'tfj~ l.:xo/..fj~, 2) BL~/"LOe~XTJ, 3) 'IEQOv 'to:lV Mo'UOO:lv, 4)
To3to'U~ O'UYXEV"CQOOOEO>V, 3tEQL3tO'tO>V, UVa.3taUoEO>~. Ef..eL'tOUQYTJOE
allVEXO:I~ J.tXQL 'to 529 J.t.X. 03tO'tE 't~v EX/..ELOE 0 au'toxQo'tO>Q
Iollo'tLVLa.vo~.l
Axo/"OUeTJOE xat ~EU'tEQO xai. 'tQ(-co 'ta;L~L o't~v I'ta/..La, 'tu
<>3toi:a oJ.tO>~ dxav OXEMv 't~v L~La 'tUXTJ J.tE 'to 3tQO:I'to. ME'tU 't~v
E3tLO'tQOqn1 'to'U O't~v i\.e~va, YQoV"Ca~ 3tLO, (J'Uvx.WE ~v ()Qom 'tOll
(Jt~v AXa()TJJ.tLa. i\.3t8aVE ;aqJVLxu 'to 347 3t.x. OE Eva (J'UJ.t3tomo
YOIlOll, OE ~/"LXLa. 80 E'tO:lV xat hO<pTJ O't~v i\.xa()TJIlLa.. (Ka'tu 'tov
KLxQo>va, "scribens est mortuus").
k't~V l.:xo/..~ 'tov bLEMX8TJ <> UVE'ljJL6~ 'tOll i\.()E4LaV"Co~ xat uQYo'tEQa <> yvw~ 'tfj~ U~E/"<pfj~ 'tOll, 0 UteUOL3t3tO~.
Tu yv~oLa EQya 'tOU II/"o'tO>vo~ 3tOV bLEOoo8TJoav dVUL 36.
uO Aa, EX'tO~ 'tfj~ i\.3to/..oyLa..~, ExO'UV ()La./"0YLX~ J.toQ<P~ .
"eQaov,uo~
de q;qat "at "a't'<l ..T/v 't'QaYL""'v 7:E't'QaA.oyiav
i,,(5oiJvaL avt'ov t'Ov~ OLaA.6yov~, olav i"elvOL ..e't'(JaaL o(Ja/laOLV

ijy{J)vi~ovt'O ".
(~LOy. AaEQ't. 56)
*
KPITUN
Aui{!(J{!(J)O't~ AtaMSyov "at avtUvO't~ 1rE(!U:Zofd:vov
'0 bLO/"OYO~ au'to~ EXEL 0/..0. 'tu J.tQTJ evo~ QTJ'tOQLXOU /..6yo'U:
3tQOOLJ.tLO, 3tQo'tam, bL~YTJm, E3tLf..0YO, xat XO>QL~E'tUL Et~:
1. '''0 ~aat.AciJ~ eEa3tLaa~ bUl1;a;LV E3tE!1'1jlE'V E~ ~eT]'Va~ xEAzUaa~ !1fJbEva

bLMaxELV <pv..oao<pLa'V". ('I(()a'V'VtJ~ MaM.U..a~)
263
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOnH!
I. IIuooifllOV
Kupw.aux 1-2. :l" alJ'ta. ~T]AOOVE'taL 6 'toJto~, 6 XQovo~, 'ta. JtQo(Hlma, ~ '\jJUXLX~ ~LaSEOL~ xui 6 oxoJto~ 'tij~ BJtLOXE'\jJEro~ 'tou
KQhrovo~. EWLXOO'tEQU, O'tO KElpaAaLO 1 EXOUIlE 't~v BJti.aXE'\jJL 'tou
KQL'troVO~ o'to ~EOJ.l.ro'tTJQLO xui 'tTJV aYYEALu 'tij~ ~uoaQEo'tT]~
Et~TJOEro~ YLa. 'tOY ~roxQa'tT]. ~'to 2, 't~v a'tuQu;La 'tOU ~roxQa'tT], 't~v
yvOOJ.l.T] 'tou YLa. 't~v ellpL;L 'tOU JtAOLoU xui'tov XQovo 'tOU Suva'tou.
II 'Y:;rOBEOl, Ii BElla. Kecpw.aw. 3-16.
a) Kecpw.ata 3-5. IIQo'tao~ KQhrovo~ xui BJtLXELQTJJ.l.u'ta 'tou.
10 v BJt LX ELQT] J.I. u: ea. xu'tT]yoQT]Sij 6 KQhrov Jtoil ~Ev EorooE
'tOY ~aaxuAo !Jk XQTJJ.l.u'tu.
20v BJtLXeLQT]J.l.u:ElvaL xu'toQSro't~ ~ lpuyiJ, !Jk J.l.LXQTJ ~UJtaVT].
30v BJtLXeLQT]J.l.u: ~~LXLa 'tOU ~roxQa'tT] xai O'tov euu'to 'tou
xui o'ta. JtaL~JLa 'tou xui OUI.tJtEQu0J.l.a, O'tL ~ XQLOLJ.l.T] O'tLYJ.l.TJ 'toil
BJtL~aUeL va. aJtOlpuoLOT].
f3) "EAeYXo~ aJto 'tOY ~xQa'tT] 'trov BJtLXELQT]J.l.a'trov 'tOU KQhrovo~

(Kecpw.aux 6-16).
1. ~TJAroOL~ O'tL S' aXOAOUSTJOT] Jt~V'tu 'ti~ lJJtuyoQEuoEL~ 'tou oQSoil

Myou. KQLOL~ YLa. 'tt~ yvroJ.l.E~ 'trov Jtollrov.
2) ~JtO~Et;L~ aJto 'tOY ~xQa'tT] O'tL ot yvrollE~ 'trov IpQOVLJ.l.roV
LoxuoUV ytCt. OAU 'ta. '\jJUXLXa. xui OroJ.l.U'tLXa. ~T]'tTJJ.l.u'tU.
3) at auVEJtELE~ &Jto -rTJV JtuQa~uOL 'tij~ aQxij~ (ytCt. -rTJV yvOOJ.l.T] 'trov
IpQOVLJ.l.roV).
4) 'E;E'tUOL~ 'tij~ aJto'\jJEro~ elV ElvaL ~LXaLT] ~ ~QUJtE'tEUOL~ &Jto 'ti~
IpUAUXE~, xroQ~ -rTJv EyxQLoL 'tij~ JtOAero~.
5. 'E;E'tUO~ 'tOil ~T]-riJJ.l.u'tO~ aJto TJSLX~ aJto'\jJL.
u) IIo'tE ~EV JtQEJtEL va. aV'tuJto~~T] xaJtoLO~ 'to xuxo.
(Kecpw.aw 10)
f3) '0 ~roxQa'tT]~ BJtLXUAeL'taL 'toil~ VOJ.l.OU~ xui 'toil~
JtQooroJtoJtOLEL. (Kecpw.uwv 11)
y) ot VOJ.l.OL xavouv lJJtOJ.l.VT]OL o'tov l:roxQa'tT] 'tL 'toil~ olpdAeL.
(Kecpw.awv 12)
264
MA9HMA230v
l5) eH <ptAEAU8EQ'I'] a8'1']vaixTJ 3tOAL'teLa.

'e) '0 3tEQLOO'o-tEQOV EVOXO~ 8a dVaL 6 :&oxQu"t'l']~, flTJ EX'tEAOOV'tU~ 'ta 3tQo~ 'tou~ VOflOU~ 'tfj~ 3ta'tQi~o~ xa8'iJxoV'ta.
(Keq)(Uuwv 14)
6. 'Ef;E'ta~ 'tOU ~'I']'t'iJfla"tO~ a3to 3tQax'tLXTJ Wto'\jJL.
(Keq)(UUlU 15-16).
III 'E:riAoyO;;:
'A3tOQQL'l\JL~ 'tfj~ 3tQO'tUO'Ero~ 'tOU KQi"trovo~ YLa Titv ~Qa3thEUm.
llAATQNOl; KPITnN
(-q Ile(!l3t(!axTiov, 'H()x6~)
Tn 'tOU &LaA.6you 3tQoO'ro3ta: ~roxQu't'l']~, KQi"trov.
('ExAoyal)
KEiPAAAION 1
~Q. Ti "t'l']VLXU~E a<p'LSaL, c1) KQi"trov, ~ ou 3tQcl? E"tL EO'"tiv;
KP. nuw flEV oi'iv.

~Q. nTJvixa IlUALO"ta;
KP. "OQ8Qo~ ~a8u~.
~Q. eaullu~ro, 03tro~ ~8EA'I']O'E O'OL 6 'tOU ~EO'flro't'l']Qiou <pUAaf;
lJ3taXouO'aL.
KP. Suv'iJ8'1']~ ~~'I'] floi EO"tLV, c1) ~ooxQa'tE~, ~La 'to 3tOMUXL~ &EUQO
<pOL'tUV, xai 'tL xat EUEQYE't'l']'tm {J3t' EIlOU ... aAAa xat O'OU 3tUAaL
8al'flu~ro at0'8avoflEvo~, ro~ ~~Ero~ xa8Eu~E~ ... xat E3ti"t'l']~E~ O'E
oux ~YELQOV...
~Q .... aAAa 'ti &TJ olhro 3tQcl? a<p'LSm;
KP. 'AYYEALaV, c1) ~ooxQa'tE~, <PEQrov xaA3t1Jv ou O'Ot, ro~ Eflot
<puivE'tav, aAM Ellot xat 'tot; O'ot; E3tL't'l']~EioL~ 3tUO'L xaAE3tTJv xat
~aQELav ...
~Q. Tiva 'tau't'l']v; ~ "to 3tAOLoV1 a<pLx'taL EX L\'iJAou oii ~d
a<pLxoIlEVOU 'tE8vuvm flE;
1. :'TOlh;o O"n'to 3tWLoV, OOf; IPaOLV 'J\6TjvaLoL, tv cP 9TjoeUf; 31:o'te et; KQ~'tTJv
tOlJf; &tf; E31:'tCt EKeLVOlJ <pxe'to Ciyoov Kat EOOOOl~ 'te Kat au'tof; 0006Tj.
26S
EMHNIKH ArOrH
KP. Ou 'tOL 6~ aqiL'K'taL, aAM 60'KEL f.tev f.tOL ~SELV 't~f.tEQOV ES ti)v
aJtuyyeAAO'UO'LV ~'KoV'te~ 'tLVE~ aJto ~O'UVLO'U 'KUL 'KU'tUALJtOV'tE~ E%EL
ulho. L\.fjAov oiiv E'K 't01J'tWV 'tWV aYYEALWV, O'tL ~SEL 't~f.tEQOV %UL
avaY%TJ 6~ E~ UUQLOV EO''taL, a> ~ro%QU'tE~, 'tOV ~LOV O' 'tEAE'U'tav.
KEtPAAAION 2
~Q. 'AlJ.: a> KQL'twv, 'tvxn ayu8fi. Et'ta'lJ'tn 'tOL~ 8EOL~ tpLAOV, 'tuv'tn
EO"tw. Ou f.teV'tOL oIf.taL ~SELV ulho O'~f.tQov.
KP. IIo8Ev 'tOU'to 'tE'Kf.tUlQEL;
~Q. 'Eyro O'OL EQW .. 'tE%f.tUlQOf.taL 6 E'K 'ttvO~ EV'UJtVLO'U, 0 EOQ<l'KU
OALYOV JtQO'tEQOV 'tuv'tTJ~ 'tfj~ V'U'K'to~ ..
KP. 'Hv 6 'tL 'to EWJtVLOV;
~Q. 'EM'KEL 'tL~ f.tOL yu~ JtQOO'EA8ouO'u 'KUA~ 'KUL EUEL6~~, AE'U'KU
Lf.ta'tLu EX0'UO'u, 'KUAeO'aL f.tE 'KUL EiJtELV: a> ~ro%QU'tE~, ~f.tU'tL %EV
'tQL'ta'tq> t>8LUV EQL~WAOV L'KOLO.
KEtPAAAION 4
KP. ...Ef.toL JteL8o'U %UL f.t~ UMW~ JtOLeL
.. 'KUL YUQ oM JtOAU 'taQyVQwv EO"tLV, 0 8eAo'UO'L AU~OV'tE~
'tLV~ O'WO'UL O'E 'KUL ESUYUYELV Ev8ev6E... Et~ M 'Kut 'KE'KOf.tL'KV En;'
uU'to'tou'to aQyVQLov L'KUVOV, ~Lf.tf.tLU~ () 8TJ~ULO~. "E'tOLf.tO~ 6 'KUL
Ke~TJ~ 'KUL UAAOL JtOAAOL Jtavu ... f.t~ ... aJto'Kaf.tn~ O'U'U'tOV O'WO'UL
.. JtOMUXOU f.tV YUQ 'KUL UAAOO'E, OJtOL UV atpL'Kn, ayuJt~O'o'UO'L O'E.
'Euv M ~OVAn El.~ 8e't'tUALUV LeVaL, El.O'Lv Ef.tOL E'KEL sevOL, OL O'E JtEQt
JtOMOU JtOL~O'OV'taL 'KUL aO'tpaAeLaV O'OL JtuQesoV'taL...
KEtPAAAION 5
KP. "E'tL 6e, a> ~ro'KQU'tE~, ou6 ()L'Kmov f.tOL 6o'KeL~ EJtLXELQELV
JtQayf.tu, O'u'U'tov JtQobouvaL, ESOV O'w8fjvaL ...
Tep otiv ~OAAWVL Ev1;avto, 6 AiyE'taL, 'to'tE, d O'wSCLEV, EXa.O"tOU E'tOtJ

SEwQi,av ana.1;ELv EL ~fjAOV' ilv ~~ aEL xaL V'UV E'tL, 81; EXELVOtJ xa't'
EvLatJ'tov 'tep SEep nEfJJtOUOLV. 'EnEL~a.v otiv aQ1;wvtaL 'tfj SEwQi,a, vo""o
EO"tLV alhoL EV 'tep XQovCP 'tmJ'tcp xaSaQEvELv 't~v nOALV xaL ~rUJ.OO'i,<;t !L'I'J~E
va CmOX'tLvVVaL, nQLv av EL ~fjAOV acpi,x'I'J'taL 'to nAOLOV xaL na.ALV ~E'UQO".
266
MA9HMA230v
IIQol!; to{rwLI!; 'X.aL tOUI!; lJWLI!; tOUI!; oalJtou Ef.tOLYE llo'X.ELI!; 1tQOllLMVaL, OU~ OOL ES6v 'X.aL E'X.SQE'ljIaL 'X.aL E'X.1taLllEiJoaL OtX~OEL 'X.ata1..Lmbv ...
KP. .. :rill!; YUQ E1tLOUOT)I!; V\J'X.to~ mivta tauta llE'L 1tE1tQUXSaL. Et llE
tL 1tEQLf.tEVOUf.tEV, aMvatov 'X.aL OU'X.EtL otov tEo 'AJ...1..U1tavtL
tQ01tql, c1) ~W'X.QatEI!;, 1tELeOlJ f.tOL 'X.aL f.tTJllaf.tro~ UMOO~ 1tOlL.
KEcfJAAAION 6
"g <piAE KQLtoov, 'ri 1tQoSlJf.tLa aOlJ 1tOMOU aSLa, ~t f.tEta tLVOI!;
oQ90tT)tol!; ELTJ ... ~'X.01tELo9aL o-liv XQit 'rif.tU~, ELtE taum 1tQa'X.tEOV ELtE f.t~.
~g.
KEcfJAAAION 9
OU'X.ouv E'X. trov Of.t01..oYOlJf.tEVOOV tOUtO O'X.E1ttEOV, 1tOtEQOV
6L'X.aLOV Ef.tE hSEVllE 1tELQUOSaL ESLEVaL f.tit a<pLEvtoov 1\STJvai.oov i\
ou llL'X.aLOv. KaL Mv f.tEV <paLVTltaL llL'X.aLOv, 1tELQWf.tESa, d M f.t~,
Erof.tEV, al!; M aU MYEL~ tUI!; O'X.E'ljIELI!; 1tEQL tE aVaAWOEOO~ XQTJf.tatoov
'X.aL MSTJI!; 'X.aL1taLllrov tQo<P'i);, f.tit WI!; a1..TJSro; tauta, c1) KQLtOOV,
a'X.f.tf.tata.
... ~'X.01trof.tEV, c1) 'yaSE, 'X.oLvfi 'X.aL EL 1tTI EXELI!; avtLAEYELV Ef.tOU
Myovtol!;, avtiAEYE, 'X.aL aoL1tEi.oOf.taL. Et M f.t~, 1taUOaL i\llTJ, c1)
f.ta'X.aQLE, 1to1..1..a'X.LI!; f.tOL Myrov tOV autov A6yov,
XQit EVSEVllE
a'X.ovtrov 1\STJvai.oov Ef.tE a1tLEvaL.
~g.
w;
KEcfJAAAION 10
~g . ...Of.tOOI!; to yE abL'X.ELv t allL'X.oUvtL 'X.aL 'X.a'X.ov 'X.aL aLaXQov
tlJyxavEL QV 1tavtL tQ01tql' <paf.tEV i\ ou;
KP. <Ilaf.tEv.
~g. OMaf.trol!; uQa llEL abL'X.ELv.
KP. Ou ll'i)ta.
~g. OME allL'X.OUf.tEVOV uQa avtabL'X.ELv, WI!; ot 1t01..1..OL o'(ovtaL,
E1tELb~ yE oMaf.tro; llEL allL'X.ELv.
KP. Ou <paLVEtaL.
~g . Ti. llE ll~; 'X.a'X.olJQYELv llEL, c1) KQLtoov, i\ ou;
KP. Ou llEL ll~1tolJ, c1) ~w'X.QatEI!;...
267
89Z
""I'O:L3MJJ.
A(l)Y.XO!l, ~gQ.0 '50gJ01'01C 5~ "'01XCY'{J. "'~gQ.O" :17 '1 '.o~go. '50oluiO" Z
. ,,5\.!.13ot;' 1'O(}.013"(3Ti1lq '01I\08J31C
3Tl ~1I\!J.ocbo.oo"(lcb '5938 913').3"(3X O~J.'01!J.'O.L" :5lu~ox~ 'I
''''!J.~ 139
" "'Sm11,,(OlC 1.oylC S10,,(,,(ll

5101 l'OX 100 'M,!l"('OX A31i~ 31 10].0 .up Ml)l.I\~lC~ S3l.1\9Qul.31i 'S3l.1\'00
-').3QmlC 'S3l.1\'Ocfl.~Osx~ 'S3l.1\'00~M3}. ~.o O~}. Sl3rla 'Sl3013X1lC~ A(!A
Y 'AYOQ 5!3013X1lC~ Syrl~ '01'OX1Q Q.O 11Q 'A31i0}.~ !!SU"('9 '010.'01 5!3rl~
13" '1Orl9A 10 5(1).02 All A3l'Od> '"S31'OOXq:>~ tp 'Ail.AJ0113lC9X3:" '03:
l NOIWVcP'.!DI
.. '00
-~1'OlC ~ A'OOnOAJ'OlC3,,('OX 'OQ101'OlC ,A13').3lC(I)S 1'OX A13XJ3lCCJ. AO,,(,,(yrl
1'OX l3Q ms.o3g~0 1'OX '1DnOX~ A!}OA 5101. 5101U?OOA~ .ODlC lDX
510aO ~ODlC lDX nitJori 1AO~Jari ~ lDX AOOal.l?1J.~ lDX AOOal.9Arian
lDX st0l.DlC .... A.1l.D~
"'903l.t?1 ri11. Ml)lA~W. A(I)A9J.OOlC MO"('W M,91. lDX

He
5~Ol.DlC lDX 3l. 5901....ri 11Q 3.0 ~SU"(~"( 3WW 'S9d>00 13 S(I)1g.0
1:soA31i9"(3mlC~ S!!l.3o'9 S!!1 lYJ3Slt"('91J.l. <;> 'A131

-1~OlC 'OmxJQ M,!l10lC '010.'01 513.o~d> 1'OX 'mA')."("(OlCDl.I\'9 S130~013X1lC~
'mO'OA').Q AOOQ .S'OX ''OQ101'OlC A~1 l'OX Snorl9A SQ.01 S'9rl~ 2-'0 Q.O
l'OX '1'OA13 10A3rl').0}.~ A01'OXJQ 'mA')."("(OlC'9 5!3rl~ A3rlQ}013X1lC~ 3D A~~
3WW '100 mw~~~ Snorl9A SQ.011'OX DOll 'OQ101'OlC A~ ~Q S<?OlC'" O~
'll NOIWVcP'iDI
:'010.'0101
'O"(,,(lll'OX '010.'01 S<?OlC 'A(I)1J0)l tp 'A3rlo.OO~ 11'" :Al310lC S13Xil <l>A
A~ 11 'S31'OOXq:>~ tp '10rl ~lCp :Ol.l\100il S3l.1\~W1~ S(I)3"(9lC S~ A<?A10X
<?11'OX 1orl9A 10 S3l.1\9S,,(~ '010.01 A130~rlOA<;> l3Q S(I)lCQ .S23 'A13XO
-~OQ1Q0lC'9 3123 3QA~SA~ Alrl~ A10nO"("(~rl
ra
O~). Q.O 'SY1(1)O~
'13lC9XO 3Qtp.'('(V. O~
'''(I)OM3
cni
Q S<?OlC mS0'OAJOX0lC'9 'S31'OOXq:>~ tp '(I)Xil XQ.O

II NOIWVcP'.!D[
~H:nOVJ ~H)nNHW3 ~VIVXdV V1VWH0VW
HJOJV H>lINHVV3
MA9HMA230v
KE4>AAAION 17
KP. 'A)'..I,:, ci) ~dnGQa'tE~, oux Xoo ").1YELV.
kg. "Ea 'tOLVUV, ci) KQL'tOOV, xal. :rtQUUOOIlEV 'tmhn, E:rtEL~il 'tmhn 0
9E6~ vqrrlYEL'tm.
*
-'EQIl'l1VEU'tLXU, IlOQtpOAOYLXU, E-ruIlOAOYLXU.
-'AQXLxol. XQOVOL 'tWV Q'I1llu'toov trEi{!w, aq;txvoiJpat, J..apfJa'Vw
(xat :rtaQuyooya).
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' xALaLl; (:rtOLlltlV, XLOOV xQa'ttlQ) :rtQOtpOQLXW~,

(Qtl'tooQ) YQa:rt'tw~ (:rcuQaYQu<pOL85, 86, 87).
2. IIa9'11'tLxol. 'ttJ:rtOL 'tou 1I)':6opat II (:rcuQaYQu<po; 196
rQul-tl-tU'tLxfj; nUQ"t~avou).
*~*
269
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOUH!
IIAATQN 0 IIAOEOIOE
~o 'to.
AOKIMIA 'tOU EMEP~ON,
'Ex6. GUTEMBERG, lumx<JlQ. XUQT] AUfl.:rd6T]
CAnOO1UIOIlU't'a)
~va.ucaa a'ra yea.u.ueva (iJro ()vrrrovr; plpAia,

q;avana.uev'fj
q;tJ..oq;eov'fja'YJ 'rov '0.uae ytix. 'ro KOeavl IJ-rav ehr:t: "xa1jJ're 'rwea 'r~
PlpAO()fjxer; yta'rt aocpia uvv alwvivv Peiaxeml ma .utaa af:
wvw 'ro PlPUO", mlela~el .uovaxa Yla 'rtr; avyyeacper; 'rov
IlAa'rwva..
"'OAa oaa yeacpov'rat xat aV~'YJ'rovvml, Wt' -rt/v broX-q 'rov wr;
a-q.ueea, elvat oavEla cbro 'rov IlAa'rwva. MeyaAor; oAe()eor;
naeovaia 'rov ava.ucaa adr; new'ro'rvnier; .uar;. Elval 'ro povvo
exeLVOr;, Xl oE axi1jJelr; .uar; .xuAixla nov anoanaa'r'YJxuv Wt' 'rovr;
Peaxovr; wv. Elvat BiPAor; 'rwv aocpwv ovo XlAlaoer; olaxoma
xeOvla 'rwea Xl oE cpw'rw.uivO exeLvO av()ewnO nov ()iA'YJaav va
~vnv-qaovv 'rtr; vw(Jef:r; yevler; nov otaMxovmv
.ula 'rf}V (f}J.'fj evar; Bo-q()wr;, evar; Pa.uneAa4 evar; "Eeaa.uor;, evar; Mneovvo... ~mv xa'ra xci;cowv 'reono .ua~'fjmt 'rov IlAa'rwva, nov f,ledcpea~av a'ro avyxeovo 'rovr; y Awamxo lOlw.ua wvr; aocpovr; a'roxaa.uovr; wv. ~xo.ua Xl oE .ueyaAocpvter; na()aivovv xanOa .ueiwa'fj
an' 'rf}V xaxo'rvxia nov elxav -nwr; aAAtWr; va 'rf} xaeax'r'YJeww;- va
yevv'fj()ovv va'reea Wt' av'ro 'ro olxov.uevLXo nvev.ua...
'0 IlAa'rwv elVat cptJ..oaoq;la, Xl q;tAoaocpia elvat 0 IlAa'rwv .ueyaAe'io 'rfjr; av()ewno'r'YJmr; aAAa xat xamwxvv'YJ 'r'YJr;, acpov oV're
oE Pw.uaLol ovu oE :Ea~over; xa'rwe()waav va neoa()iaovv 'to
naea.uLXeO mlr; lMer; 'rov. Liev elxe yvvaiXa xalnatOla, .ua 01,.0 oE
awxaa-rer; 'rwv noAtua.uivwv e()vwv elvat aTCoyovoi wv Xl
>1'
~\~
~
,
~"
I
eaw'ra7:'fj wvr; vCP'fj etvat e.uno'rw.uev'YJ ano 'r'fjv nvev.uaux'fj 'rOv
XA'YJeOVo.uta. Iloaovr; .ueyaAovr; avoeer; Of:V miAVet aOtaxona
cJ>va'YJ .uid an' 7:0. aTCAaxva 'rov axowvr;, Yla va yivovv onaooi wv
- IlAa'rwvtxo{J
:E'rov cJ>aiowva wv vnaexet OAOXA'fjeor; 0 KaAptVW.uOr; 0
Xetmtavw.uor; onwr; Xt 0 Mwa.ue()avw.uor; a'r'fjei~ovv a'rov nAa'rw-
n
n
270
MA9HMA230v
vlaflo rte; {3aaue; rije; qJLAoaocpiae; rove;. Kl () flvanulaflOe; avdet
0),0 rov 1'0 ne(!leXOfleVo dn" riJv nAarwvluiJ OloaauaA.ia. '0 no).{r'f/e;
avroe; fluie; iU'f/Vluije; nOA'f/e; OEV olau(!iveral uafJoAov "lui rov
romuLGflO rov. '0 B(!e7:avoe; nov 7:0V ola{3a~el AteL: 11 ~uecp7:eral
aav 'EyyU~oe;!", () Fe(!flavOe;: "Elvat evae; aA'f/fJwoe; TdJ7:ovae;!", Ul
6 'IraA.oe;: "floao PWfla'loe; uat noao "EAA'f/Vae;!". "Onwe; Tj 'EUv'f/
7:oiJ Meve),aov, aVflcpwva fle 7:0V fJ(!VAO, elxe flla 7:0ao obwvflevluiJ
OflO(!cpla w07:e d avriJ va ne(!tEXOVral OAO ol 7:VnO uvv YVVatUWV,
etal Ul () flAa7:WV d evav avayvw07:'f/ a.n:" 7:iJv Niav ~yy).{a cpaivetal aa va elval ~fle(!lUaVOe; aocpoe;. 'H navavfJ(!wmv'f/ cpva'f/ rov
Vne(!VlUo. 7:a 7:exv'f/7:a avvo(!a, 7:te; r,neiQove;...
eavfla~w, ola{3a~OV7:ae; rov, 7:iJv (iu(!a emual(!o7:'f/7:a rov, 7:oao
aro vcpoe; oao uat a7:o nveiJfla. 'Eow elval 7:0 ane(!fla 7:ijr; 7:oao
yvwa7:ije; flae; Ev(!wn'f/r;... eow elvat oAa r'f/e; 7:a xa(!aU7:'f/(!l07:lUa,
eVOlaU(!lra uloAae; fler; aro nveiJfla 7:oiJ IIAa7:wva.... 'H Ev(!wn'f/
uatafle(!la7:'f/ue ano 7:0U ae nAij()Oe; la7:o(!ier;, flO. oev n(!oai()we
uavva uawov(!yw 07:OXelo...
'H a(!la7:0U(!a7:LUt} rov uaraywyt}, Tj vno07:amaut} 7:0V cptAouaAla, aUOVLGfliver; fle flla elQwveia 7:oao eV07:(!ocp'f/ nov ueVr(!i~el uat
na(!aA.Vel, 07:o).{~ovv 7:0 nAaww aV7:o 7:ijr; OVVafl'f/e; uat 7:ije; nvwflanufje; vyeiar;. ~vflcpwva fle uanOa naA'f/a (!t}a'f/, "~V () L1lar;
uad{3atve 07:iJ yfj, ()a fltAoiJae fle 7:0 vcpor; roiJ flAa7:WVa " ...
'0 11 M ivwv 11 XlAlaoer; cpo(!ee; av~t}7:'f/ae esovvXlanua Yla 7:iJv
a(!ert}, uat fle nOAAOVr;, uat fl' em7:vxia, onwe; niauve aAAa va
nov, a1J7:iJv riJv anYflt}, ovu va net flnO(!oiJae 7:l elVat Tj a(!eriJ Toao {J(!i()'f/ue flne(!Oeflivor; flee; 07:0 OLxrv roiJ ~wu(!a7:'f/.
AV7:oe; 0 aOlO(!()W7:0e; eVcpvoAoyor;... {3Unovfle va exu fllav
aue(!ator'f/7:a roao auara{3A'f/7:'f/ oao Ul Tj AOYlUt} rov, uat flla ()(!'f/auevTluor'f/7:a {3afJv7:a7:'f/. "07:av rov UaT'f/YO(!'f/aav
imovoflwe
riJv ()(!'YJaueia 7:fje; nOA'YJe;, tuetVOe; O'f/AWVU
mauvel 07:iJv a()avaala rfjr; 1jJvxfje;, ariJ fle7:a()avana aV7:aflO{3iJ 17 nflW(!la Ul 07:aV 1'0V
ua7:aO{uaaav ae ()ava7:o Ul () K(!irwv ow(!o06u'f/ae 7:0V OWflocpvAaua wiJ ue).wiJ 7:OV, a(!Vet7:al va o(!aneuva'f/ fle ana7:'f/. ""0,7:l
ayan'YJro exele; va fliJv 7:0 Aoya(!la~elr; fln(!Oa7:a aro O{uaw". 71
qm;.auunj 1:0V, oi ~UiAO'Yoi roo uri] qJv).a;dJ uai 1:0 UWVtO ;rov
71;rt, elval a;ro ra ;rlo rlflTJpl:va ;rE:QUJ'1:a'tlua uriJv iuro{!ia rij~
av9I)w;ro1:111:ar;
on
on
271
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOIIHI
'H amlvta avvrvxuI, piaa d Eva ovap,oeepo awp,a, rov E'!}(pvoAOYOV "at rov p,aervea, rov OEtVOV avCrJrrJrij nov oeop,wv "at rfjc;
ayoeae; "at rov mo aVE~txa"ov aytov ;rov elXE we; 'fa rorE epavel,
["avE aro ;rvEvp,a rov IIAarQwa, ;rov p,;roeOvaE va xweeaet avrec;
'fte; avu(UaEte;, aVY"AovWU"" evdmwarJ' "at ro;ro()errJaE 1'"
p,oeep" rov Iw"earrJ mo ;reoa""vw, ytti va yivet () aep,oowreeoc;
xoerJyoe; rwv ()rJaaveWp,a'fwv ;rov fj()eAE va p,Eraowaet. "'Hrav p,La
a;ravLa rvX'fJ va avvavrrJ()ovv avroe; () AaiXoe; Aww;roe; "t av'toe; 0
aew'to"earrJe; Aoywe;, ytti v' ana()avanmovv ap,otfJaia. ..
MvaaeaOai nva gJap,4

"ai vm:eeov, Op,flEWV..
l:wtqlOO
EAllellQ - ato#.. 'VAnellA, 70; ai.. x.X.
"IItEelc; p,eAwaa, AeafJia arJowv, oE"a'trJ Movaa ".

"Ia;repove; IV aoop,evrJe; "dt 'twv 'i1va"eeovroe;, eyw p,o
oo"w "ara()ea()at 'to ;ror"ewv awovp,EVOe; ".
(IIAo{n;aQXo~ ~uf.UtoO'La'lta
Z 711-D)
(Thut~a~)
"Ahiae; elxov a'to;rove; at ano AeafJov ".

Mvap,oavvav EAev ()ap,fJor; o'te l"A VE 'tae; p,eAtepwvoV
Iampove;,
oE"arrJv p,ovaav lxovat fJeoroL "
II
p,,,
('AvtlJta'tQo~ 9-66)
272
MA9HMA230v
(,A(hjvawq, 'Emiop,i} 2.2108)
"}.;OAWV 0 'AO'r)vaLo~ 'ES'r)XEO'tL6o'U, :rtaQu :rto'tov 'tou a6EAqJL6ou

av'tou, f,LEAO~ 'tL .}.;a:rt<pou~ (ioaV'to~, ~oO'r) 'tip f,LEAEL xat :rtQoOE'taSE
't<fJ f,LELQaxL<p 6L6usnt av'tov. 'EQw'ttloav'to~ 6e 'ttVo~ 6LU :rtoLav
ahLav'tOu'to Eo:rtov6axEv, 0 6e e<p'r) "tva f,LaOwv av'to U:rtoOuvw"
(ALA.uzvov. .l'ovt6Eq,
.:e' 58)
nMEvmxf,LO~ 6' EV 'tOL~ :rtEQt TEXVL'tWV, 'tTtV :rt~x'tr6a, ~v 'tTtV av'tTtv

Elvm 'tfj f,Lay~6L6L, .}.;~:rtqJoo <prJOLV EUQELV".
('Alhjvawq 14, 36)
"Lampw .}.;Lf,LWVO~ (ot M EVVOf,LLVO'U ot 6e 'HEQLYVO'U, ot 6e

'ExQv'tO'U, ot 6e .}.;tlf,Lo'U, ot M Kuf,Lwvo~, ot 6e 'E'tuQX0'U, ot 6e
Lxaf,Lav6Qwvvf,Lo'U), f,L'r)'tQo~ M KA.ELM~, AEO~i.a ES 'EQEOOOU, A'UQLx~, YEyov'ULa xa'tu 'tTtV f,LW OA'Uf,L:rtLu6a, O'tE xat 'AA.xaLo~ ~v xat
L't'r)OLXOQO~ xat IIL't'taxo~. Tfioav ~e av'tfj xat a6EA<pot y', AUQLXO~,
XUQaso~, EVQVyLO~. 'Eyaf,Ltl0'r) 6e av6Qt KEQXVAc;:t :rtAO'UOLW'tU't<p,
OQf,LWf,LEV<p a:rto '1\.v6Qo'U, xat O'Uya'tEQa E:rtOLtlOa'to ES av'tou, ~
KA.Et~ wvof,LuoO'r). 'E'taLQnt 6e av'tf\~ xat <pLAnt YEyovaOL y', ~'tOL~,
TEAEOL:rt:rta, MEyuQa, :rtQo~ a~ xat 6La~OATtV eOXEv aLOXQd~ <ptAi.a~.
MaO~'tQLm 6e av'tf\~ ~vay6Qa (al. ~vax'toQi.a) MtA'r)oLa, rOyyUAa
KOAo<pwvLa, EvvELxa, :LaAaf,LLvLa. "EYQa'ljJE 6e f,LEAWV A'UQLXWV
~L~ALa 0', xat :rtQw't'r) :rtAf\X'tQOV d'QEV. "EYQa'ljJE 6e xat E:rtLYQUf,Lf,La'ta xnt EAEYELa xat LUf,L~O'U~ xat f,Lov<p6i.a~.
}.;a:rt<pw AEO~La Ex M'U'tLA~V'r)~, 'ljJuA'tQta, au't'r) 6L' eQw'ta
uwvo~ 'tou Mu'tLA'r)vaLo'U EX 'tou AE'UXU'tO'U xa'tE:rtov'twOEV
Eau't~v. "
('~
"'.1
)
~ovluaq
"La:rt<pW, 'tou xaAOU uwvo~ EQaoOELoa :rtEQL~6'r)'to~ ~v ... "
('Ae~vawq 13,
70)
"Of) 6e AYE'tnt :rtQoo't'r) .}.;a:rt<pw, 'tOV U:rtEQXOf,L:rtov O'r)Qwoa

uwva, OLO'tQWV'tL :rtoO<p, (}L'ljJm :rtE'tQa~ U:rto 't'r)AE<pavou~... "
(Mivav6eoq -Moan. 'QyvyLa F' 237)
273
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rAn~~H~
Toy EQOO'ta 'tfj~ l:aJtqJou~ JtQo~ 'tOY <Paooya, EJ(EL UfLyiJOEL 'Kal. 0
"Heroides".
'O~L()LO~ O'tl.~
***
11 voa'faAyia yui 'ffJV Jta'f(}wa 'ffJv e~ave va vnocpe(}Tj. >lEw,
lhav 'fO 585 n.X, IIt'f'fa~or; eowae a'fOVr; e~o(}ia'fOVr; 'ffJv ovva'fo'fTj'fa va ema'f(}i1povv, r, Iancpw oexOTj~e eV'fVXWfleVTj va
~avayv(}ian. Me 'fa aoeAcpta 'fTjr; ~at 'ffJV ~O(}Tj 'fTjr; ..KA.ewa, ~oneA
Aa ma, acpTjae XW(}Lr; AVnTj 'ftr; Iv(}a~oiJaer;. Llev eyv(}we OflWr; mfJv
E(}wo. 11 notfJ'f(}ta elxe 'fw(}a va cp(}OV'fian yta 'fOV eav'fo 'fTjr; ~at
'ffJv ~O(}Tj 'fTjr;. 11 Iancpw ~mv flta yvvai~a e~AemVafleVTj, nov 'fijr;
a(}eaav 'fa OflO(}cpa ~at ~ofl1/Ja n(}aYflam, onwr; afloAoyei r, wta ae
eva noiTjfla 'fTjr;:
'''E(}wUVfleVTj elflat fle 'ffJv OflO(}cpta' elvat ~ATj(}OVOflta floV
~aOe OflO(}cpta ".
~necpaawe 'fOU va avo~n flta axoAfJ, onov Oa avy~eV'f(}wve
'ftr; ~oneAA,er; ~at ()a eOioaa~e 'f(}ayovo, XO(}O, 'f(}onOVr; aVflJre(}tcpo(}iir; ~at V'fvaip,a'fOr;, oAa oaa flnO(}oiJaav va ~avovv eA~vm~fJ
flui vea yvvai~a.
Llev ~mv r, floVTJ axoAfJ aV'foiJ 'foiJ ei'oovr; mfJv AeafJo. THmv
OflWr; r, flovaO~fJ nov 'ffJv OtTjv()vve flta notfJ'f(}ta, nov r, CPfJflTj 'fTjr;
anAwvomv avvexwr;. >lEywe r, nw yvwa'ffJ, fle 'fLr; ne(}taao'fe(}er;
flaOfJ'f(}ter;, ~at wVOflaaOTj~e "olxor; 'fWV Movawv".
Ma~LflOr;
Tv(}wr; ecp()aae va avy~(}ivn 'ftr; flaOfJ'f(}ter; 'fijr; IancpoiJr; fle 'fOVr;
flaOTj'far; 'foiJ Iw~(}a'fovr;.
"'Onwr; (} cpaoaocpor;, fle 'ffJV otOaa~aAia ~at 'fO na(}aOetYfla 'fijr;
eva(}e'fTjr; ~wijr; 'fOV, emfJaAAOmV a'fOVr; flaOTj'far; 'fOV, hat ~at r,
Iancpw emfJaAA,omv mtr; vea(}er; ~oneAAer; 'foiJ ~V~AOV 'fTjr;, fle 'ffJV
flO(}CPWat, 'ffJV YOTjuia 'fTjr; ~at 'ffJv YAv~V'fTjm 'fWV Oavflaaiwv
wowv 'fTjr;.
Kat OflWr;, a~(}tfJwr; aV'ffJ r, axoAfJ, mfJv anoia r, Iancpw acpti(}wae 'fOV eav'fo 'fTjr; aAo~ATj(}O, 'fijr; exa(}we 'ffJv aflcpifJoATj CPfJflTj
nov Oa 'ffJv a~oAov()ij ae OATj 'fTjr; 'ffJv ~wfJ, emw ~at av r, notfJ'f(}ta
oev elxe, laWr;, ~aflflia yvwat. THmv cpva~o r, Iancpw va ayan{l
'ftr; vier; ~oneAA,er;, nov 'fijr; eoetxvav i'awr; fle ~cinota Vne(}fJoAfJ 'ffJV
ayann 'fOVc;'. eH IU~()n ~owwvia, nov elxav aX1lIJ,a'fiaet aV'fec; ot
eo
274
MA8HMA230v
VBt;~, ef1ma~e f1.e roae~ aA.Ae~. 2rijv bWpaveLa, OAa ?jaav xaOaea.
~ro j3aOo~ Of1.W~ vn8j3oaxav ~qAete~, lOwreonte~ xal xaxoqOete~.
Kanore 0 reono~ f1.e rov onoia excpea~ovrav ot V8e~ xal fJ oaaxa-
Aa rov~ ?jrav vneej30AIXO~, evOovauho'fj~.

~AAa Oev vnijexe rbw7:e xaxo ae avro, exro~ av xavet; en8f1.eVE va j3eij. ElvaL nOAV CPVOLXO, AOYOV xaeLV, f1.La xon8Ua, r~v
atLYf1.~ nov cicpqveL ri~ avvreocpov~ xai 7:~V oaaxaAa 7:'fj~, va
&{xvy 7:~V kvir:'fj r'fj~.
NEllA PROVENZAL (IIe(}wtJ. IIYOPIA)
***
" EVf1.0ecpor8ea MvaOLo{xa ra~ Mci.Aa~ rue{vvw~ ".
(Moon. ~ 13)
"Kat noOqw xal f1.aof1.aL ". (18)
"xcimJ.et1/Jw rot ". (21)
at 'AAE~avbQLvot 1:i)v xU1:i1:u~uV lLE1:U~iJ 1:00V 9 lLEYUAWV

AlJQLXOOV Jt01fJ1:00V. AiYE1:aL an 'tOiJ~ {,JtEQ~ULVEL OAOlJ~. To ilQYo 't1'J~
aJtE1:EAEL1:0 (mo 7~L~ALU: "EvoExaavAAaj3ov "2ancpLxov" ro
n(!wwv OAOV 2ancpov~ yeyeaf1.f1.8VOV ". A'Uo1:'UXoo~ bLEoro8fJoUV
ILoVOV EAUXL01:U OJtUQUYILU1:U. To JtLO ILUXQOOXEAE~ (25 01:LX01)
ElVaL ~ 'Obi) El.~ 'tT)V ~<PQ06L't1'JV.
, "llOLXLAOOeOV' ciOavar' 'AcpeoOl.,;a,
nat L1LO~ oOAonAoxe, A{aa0f1.a{ ae ...
"EAOe f1.0L xat vvv, xaUnav oe Avaov
ex f1.ee{f1.vav, oaaa Of f1.OL dAeaaL
()vf1.0~ lf1.8eeeL, r8A eaov, av 0' av.,;a
aVf1.f1.axo~ eaao ".
275
EMHNIKH ArOrH
Kat a3to ta 3tMov YVOOOtu:

"Lleavxe flev a aeAuvva xat IlA'Y]taaee;
Meaat
vvx't'ee;, :rea(Ja a' e(Jxer:' w(Ja,
eyw ae flova xa-revaw ".
oe
"CPatve't'at flot xijvoe; woe; ()eoww

eflflev' wV'Y](J, o't'ne; evuvnoe; 't'ot
wauvet. ..
a Of fl' La(JWe; xuxxee't'Ut, 't'(JOflOe; ae
:reawav aY(Jet, XAw(Jo't'e(Ja ae :reotae;
eflflt, 't'e()vux'Y]v a' oAiyw... "
"Xaiee, VVWpa, xaiee 't'{p,te YUflfJ(Je... " (14)

"Xa4Jote; a VVflCPa, xal(Je..w a' 0 YUflfJ(JOe;" (15)
E1Xe M'Uvallia Olov abeA<po t'l1~ XUQa~o:

"Ilo't'vtat N'Y](JfJtaee;, afJAufJ'Y]v eflov
xaatyv'Y]'t'ov oo-re 't'vta' 'beea()at... " (A25)1
To'll EYQa<pe tQayoubLa yl4 va ta a3taYYEAATI ol~ ayU3t'l1IlEve~

to'U, aAAa 'X.at tOY E3tL3tA~tteL YLa tOY bWIlO to'U Ilf: t~v etaiQa
~ooQixa, lletE3teLta Pobwmv.
"TEe; a' aY(Jotwue; ()eAyet voov ...
ovx e:rew't'ap,eva 't'a fJ(Juxe' eAx'Y]v
em nov acpv(Jwv; ,,1
"Eva ea'Ullumo 'X.eLllevo to'll AO'U'X.Lavou, "Ile(Jt 't'oiJ p,fJ (Jaatwe;

:rew't'evew atafJoAfi" (143-13 'X..e~.), Ila~ ~o'l1eeL va 'X.atavo~oo'Ulle
to bLati it La3t<poo, it be'X.ut'l1 Mouoa, "atafJoAfJv eaxe alaX(Jac;
cputac; ".
1 "XaQu~o~ 1'>8, c.O~ A;UOa!Levo~ POllO>JtLV Mev6atr)oev ~~ Mu'tLA~'VTJv, ~ tJMiC
nOMa %U'tEIGEQ't6!L1Jmi !LLV. ('HQM. B 135)
~u3t(pch
276
II
MA6HMA230v
"To rs a~tOnwrov rfj~ oLapoAfj~ OVx w~ er:vxsv emvooiJaw...

w~ yoiJv ent nOAv 7:(1 neoaovra rqJ oLapaUop,evlf} neo~ ro xsi(}ov
p.sr:apa).).ovr:e~, ovx &:nL()avov~ nowiJvral ra~ xar'Yjyoeia~, olov
rov p,ev lareov Otapa;.AoVatv w~ cpaep,axea, rov nAovawv oe w~
rveavvov, rov rVeavvLXov w~ neOoorLXov.
15. "OA{J)~ yae ra rOlaiJra emvooiJOl xat Uyovatv,
p,aAlara
iaaaLV e~ oeyqv ovvap,sva neoxaUaaa()m rov axeowp,svov, xat
'fv()a re{J)ro~ eanv exaar:o~ emar:cip,svol, en' exstvo r:o~svoval xat
axov-r:~ovatv... oloa yoiJv nva~ ovr{J)~ ~oe{J)~ yaeya).l~op,evov~
r:C! dJra uno nov OtapOAWV, manse rov~ nr:eeOt~ xV{J)p,evov~.
22 ... xat ovoe ovaxsei}~ ~ vix'Yj ... r:oiJ p,ev axovovro~ exovT:O~
eavrov evoloovr:o~, r:oiJ owpaUop,evov oe ri}v enLpovAi}v
ayvooiJvr:o~' manse yae ev vvxrL nOAs{J)~ cUova'Yj~, xa(Jw~ovr~ of
~tapaM6flVot
q;ovwovrat ".
EPrAI:IAI EllOYAAI:TUN
'Anol)ooL; E4; TiJv NEOEUTJVLXiJv nOLTJ!lCl1;WV 'tfj; ~qJou;.
(rijq Xe. lIL~avw. -Kovwa)
flasl ro cpsyyael Xa()'Yjxs

XL ~ flovALa r:eASLWVSL,
neeaaav ra p,saavvxra,
ae Myo ~'Yjp,SeWVSL
XL eydJ aro xespparaxL p,ov
,?,
nsev{J) T:l~ {J)es~ p,ov'Yj...
I
"*
~X! Iav ()so~ Weato~, e~ i'aov,

p,Ola~et 0 avoea~ anevavd aov!
"Ora'll ra xeOvLa ()dv' nseaap,eva,

va p,8 ()vp,araL xanow~ XL ep,eva...
*
277
278
6L'Z
-U!l.lJo:w(tO 5~0l. ~ri 1~Dri 5Ip.10% 50, Dp!l.lJOl.O%~ 911/ 13m.?0l.0113

3Xp 5TI-{9ri 5010 19 9 'A(l)ri))I 9 OO!l.lJ?e 9l.0 3e"-{!:!.Op '!:!."-{%ocbo:r A9~
10"-{"-{"9 1D%o"-{c,tXolV A9l. ADOQ.oriucb(t31~ 5l?l.D3 e 5~0l. 911/ 10YW Q.lA~
'OA13%~ 5Q.lg10%1/ DAQ.lJ...1/ A9l. l?l.D)I '30U%)A~ A9l.1D% o,,-{c,tXolV ~l.U101
9%1J...DOl. oXDri)D"-{Dl A9l. ~ri 3%Ue~0l.3riDA1/ (t012 'DAQ.lJ...1/ 9X1l.Dri
-D09 ~o '89'17 9l. '~oocb Ul.<pOl l?1J... 500?ri 3gD"-{~ 'D1~1/ (tOl. ~X1l.U101
A~1O 10ue10131 5Dl.AoX~ '5!:!.,,-{xocbo:r 9 AQ.ll.~ Sl 51,,-{9ri D)X1"-{1,t n
'10
-U)Ol A~l.O Ucb~Ol.O~ 510(l)A~ 'O"-{c,tXolV (t0l. 9"-{D%0~91DX ~l.U101 9X1A.
-DOl. 0l.ODl.A~cbo"-{DJ...3ri 1DX 0l.Q.l01 A9l. 5Dl.AO~~ri(tDe 1D% oouriO"
Ol.DA~e1/ A9l. 5!:!.,,-{%ocbo:r 9 (t0l. ~l.Ul.93A A~l. 911i> 5Dl.A<pl.3"-{3W
'5ux1A 51J,l.
A01D19 0l. 9l. 911/ (l)0c,tA A(l)?A AQ.ll. Q.oooX Q.0l. 51J,"-{Dcb3x 11~ 3m.309X~
1D% 5(t0)DAuev. 5(tog~cb~ 5(t0,,-{,,-{"9 5~0"-{"-{01 911/ riO?ri IJ,"-{xocbo:r
A9l. AD~3"-{?~~ 'D1%)Ml~ l?l. ADXUeO~l.O(l)~ DA1riD"-{D:r A~1O D)Xmi
-(tDA A~l.l?l.3ri ADl.2 '9l.'.)-D .U 0.0l. 53l.1,,-{ourio.o 5~0l. 911/ 5(l)30~ri1l.X~
1DX 51J,XoooOl 5u"-{~J...3ri 01~"9 ADOUl.O?l.DX A9l. (5001ri~V 51J,X1D(tori
5!:!.l. nol. 59"-{D%0~9 50riucb)031 9 3~0.l.l?A1/ 531019 51l.) 53l.Ul.9ADXl
0.0l. 5~x10nori 10 1D% 5qleD% 'D13A?J...'.)-3 nol. ~X1Xo.m. I,t 1D% 510>X
~l.0.3"-{U~ I,t '50"-{"-{~% m01"-{>ri 9%1l.Dri(l)0 9~ '513ri>M9 0.0l. 5?%1X(tm.
1DX 5~%1l.Dri(l)0 51l. l?%1AOri0"Q 3~0.l.1?A1/ 1DX ~X1l.0DArio.J... 1DX ~X10
-o.ori 3xueX>91V 'DJ391D1 1DX ~J...(l)J...1/ lLA?riU"-{3ri1l~ 3gD"-{~ (5D~1010a
-1DXDri 010~1.00J...O~ 3Xp nol. 5DO?!l.lJ1 9) 590l.Dl 0.0091Q-3 5910. 50,
'ocb9,,-{ ~o (l)A~l~ 'AQ.lAuev. AQ.ll. 0110>001 0l.Dl.<pXll.(t3J...Dri '9A(l)"-{o)l
01111" A9l.0 X'l 96'17 9l. Ue~3J...~ 'n.o"-{1cbo:r 5910. '5!:!.,,-{ xocbo:r 0,
5aorruocbog 50) fl
HNOJI~NV
:IX03VX04O:I
AonDrih9~W
AOvl VVIIH9VVII
l ""
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHi
you~ 'to'll U3tEVELIlE 'tOV O'tEqJaVO 'tfj~ vix'r)~ o'tov LOqJOXAfj, 0 o3toio~
E'tOL ellqJavisE'tat 'to VEO UO'tEQL O't"V ~Qalla'tLX" oX'r)vri. 'A3t0 'to'tE
U3tEQELXE OXEMv 3t(XV'tO'tE O'tOU~ ~Qalla'tLXOU~ UyroVE~, xa'ta'to 441
IlUAL(J'ta Mi~asE 't"v 'AV'tLYOV'r) xat EIXE 't000 IlEYUA'r) e3tL't'llxiU,
WO'tE eSEMy'r) 'to 440 O'llo'tQu't'r)Yo~ 'toil IIEQLxAfj o'tov LallLaxo
3tOAEIlO.
'Q~ av8Qumo~, 0 lliqJoxAfj~ ~'to 3tQooxaQo~, xa'ta~Ex'tLXO~ xut
3tOAU ijmo~, ~Ev 3tagEAEL3tE va ~LU't'r)Qfj qJLALXB~ OXEOEL~ IlB eSEX0V'tu
3tQoouma 'tfj~ e3toxfj~ 'to'll, 03tOO~ Ile 'tOV IIEQLXAfj, 'tov 'HQo~o'to
x.a. "H'to e3tio'r)~ qJLA08Q'r)oxo~ xat IlUALO'tU aOX'r)OE xat LEQU'tLXO
usioolla.
TEAO~ 0 LOqJoxAfj~ ~LEXQivE'tO YLa 't"v esaiQE't'r) uYU3t'r) 'to'll
3tQo~ 't"v 'A8itvu ("qJLAu8'r)vato'ta't0~") 't"v o3toia OB OA'r) 't"v ~LUQ
XELa 'tfj~ soofj~ 'to'll ~BV eyxu'tEAEL'Il'E 3tO'tB YLa va U3tO~'r)llitO'r) OB
aMU JA.EQ'r) (03tOO~ Exallav 01. aMOL Mo 'tQuYLxoi, xat aMOL ~LUVO
OUIlEVOL 'tfj~ e3toxfj~) av xat e3taVELA'r)IlIlEVOO~ ElxE 3tQooxA'r)8fj MO
~LUqJOQO'll~ ~YEIlOVE~ va e3tLOxEqJ8fj 't~ uuM~ 'to'll~. 'E3tLQQE3t"~ Et~
'tOV EQOO'ta, eV'lJllqJEu8'r) ~i~.
'Qo'tOOO, 1l0AOVO'tL 0 LOqJOXAfj~ EIXE U3tO t~LOO'llyxQaoiu
EU8'llIlO xaQux'tfjQa. e~oxillftOE O'ta 'tEAE'll'taLa XQOVLU 'tfj~ soofj~ 'to'll
UQXE'tB~ AU3tE~, ES ahiu~ OtXOYEVELaXroV 3tQOO'tQLProV. '0 'llL6~ 'tOll
'IoqJrov IlUALO'ta exiV'r)OE ~ix'r) EvaV'tiov 'to'll YLa "3taQUVOLa", WO'tE
va 'tOV 8EO'r) "U3tO MUyOQE'llOLV". 'Y3tEQU03tLOE 0 L~LO~ 'tOV eu'll'to
'to'll (el et 1:0cpox).;fj~, ov miaxw ex 1'&a(!avota~ el1'&aaxw, ovx elp
1:ocpox).;fj~) xat U3titYYELAE xooQia U3tO 'tov Olobrooa e1'& KOAWVqJ
'tov 03tOLOV O'UVE8E'tE 'to'tE. 'H xa't'r)yoQiu XU'tE3tEOE, OIlOO~ ~ paQ'll8'llllia 3tOU 'tov xa'tEAapE ~LaqJaivE'tat 0't0 'tQi'to O'tUOLIlO 'toil 'tEAE'll'taio'll ~Qulla'to~ 'to'll, "OlObrov~ e1'& KOAWVqJ " .
'0 8uva't0~ 'tOV PQfjXE 'to 406 3t.X. OB ~ALXiu 90 E'troV.
'AvaqJEQE'tat O'tL E3tviY'r)XE MO Ilia Qwya o'taqJUAt.
"'Ea{3ea()'fJ~ y'fJ(!aw 1:ocp6xAee~, av()o~ a.oowv,
olvw1'&oV Baxxov {36r:(!vv e(!em6pevo~. "
~Lf.l.WVLb1]
280
0 KeLo
1HZ
" no1t~9Cfo ,9 v~Jih '3ffvYl V}, 3onn3 9 ?VU '5v'XJlt 5vupo1t O'l3ffvya~" 1
1\01
nA.Ojl nA~rlnX r.>1 91l} n1nrlo~1OO1l} onl 5U011~ AnOU8cp031V

WA(I)"(0)J
P'~ SC\Olt}910 1nx SI.u.l;Ll.XO"(11 'SDIV 'SOAADO'}-.L Sc\01}910
'1mA,XDO.L 'nOl.xroL '~J.1l.AV. :~1lt~ lYIno~xl} AnOU8cp031Q ~lQ.P
n1nrl~OQ r.>1 9ltl} 105 ').oX1J.n01 5~01 51\0'(2 91l} 53X1A 530319001031
511 3gn'(jl 1nx 5130~801'} 5300cb~1Q ~rl n1nrl~oQ Zl r.>10 roo').A.
30UJ01~ 'I,tro~ A~l 1\01 U,(2 ~O 5nlAOcb~o.tA.Cl.0 5~"(xocbo:r 0,
SC\0rt)(o<b03: ~Ol. DI.03:"

Q,OX1A.n01 Q,OlQ.n Cl.0'(~A.3rl Q,0153)Q<b.\nol 511 91l} 5ro10Cl.X
'5UAX~1 5~X1A.n01 5~1 53A9Anx 5~0l. 3gn'(jl 5U'(~1.01010V, 9 1nx
A(!>x1A.nOl. A(!>1 A01l>1913'(31 1\'?1 5cp 30Q,00ro38 A91 A(!>cboA33 0,
"Anu1'(~rl" AnoQ,o"(nxo1l}
"'91 101nX0l} 10 91Q.n ,1A. 1nx 'UAX~l Cl.01 I,txl1nrlnoq A~l
5901 It.tO''(~Al} 1nx n1U19113'( 91l} 5uol,t'(1 mAp 1\01 noo(!>'(A. H,
0A.O"(~1q A910 10m.XjlltO
-31').'(nA.3rl 3oooqjl1nx Q,oooX Q,01 n1l>rlol> ~1 3010g>1031 5UoJ13, 0~1
~O Zl 9ltl} nrllloq 38~X r.>1A. A(!>1Cl.300X A(!>l. 9rl010l} A9l. 051301 ~o (50"{
-').XolV 9 ,g A91 '5110~e 9 '3rlnltJ3001 5ro12 '13A.~A.no13 3Xp ,n "'91)
o').q 91l} A(!>110X01'} A(!>l 9rl810l} "'91 30U~g.H 5o'(').XolV 9 3"'nx~
50012 '103891'} ~10X ~rl 5l>JA.0"(101 5ltA3rl9X3Ac\o 5111rl1l.Al} '103891 '}
'l>Jrl 30~X ~J. 'I,tX11300cblYlQ ~rl 53)Q<Mnol. 5~1010OOX 51301 3xonq1Q~
112 01~ 'nrllloq 910 303cb~1~ ~01 ~'(ogn13rl U03l.91nqCl.010 H,
SC\0rt)(orb0:I ~Ol. AOJ.Ojf A~)(11.DriDOV ~.L

(lZ :U:0 91tV- 50X1AC).0tl
"'9unu 5n"'J3rioltf} "'~QQ-0 3IJlt~C}3y3~? ,Q 5~yvu
'5nJQrol':DO~ 5l?ynu lDU 5DIJ~1Olt 5l?n0lt '591~3Q lDU O"'P Mort
-JDQQ-3 ''''3'''D(}~ur; 5Q-01ff ",o"'9 0X "'HOlt 5!J '5ltnuodJog ODUPW"
0 ..
Aovl VV\lH9VV\I
EAAHNIKH ArOrH
MASHMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHt
AESIKON IoylAA
II~Q(pOXAfj~ ~o<pf).ou, KOAoovfj8ev, 'A8TJvaLo~, 'tQaYLXO~, 'tex8d~
xa'tu 't~v oy' OAUIlJtLu6a, w~ :rtQea~v'teQo~ elvaL ~xQu'tOu~ E'tTJ Lt'.

O-O'tO~ :rtQW'tO~ 'tQLOi.v EXQ~oa'tO U:rtOXQL'taL; xai. 'tc'p xaAOUIlEvffi
'tQL'taYOOVLO'tfj, xal :rtQW'tO~ 'tOV XOQov EX Le' do~yaye VEOOV, :rtQo'teQOV LW eLOLoV'toov. IIQooTJyoQev8TJ 6E IlEAL't'ta 6LU 'to yAUXV. Kat
aiJ'to~ ~Q~e 6Qalla :rtQo~ 6Qalla ayoovLtea8aL, aAAu Il~ 'te'tQaAoyLav. Ka!. EYQa'\jlev EA.eyei.av 'te xa!. :rt~Lliva~, xal A.6yov Xa1:aAoyu6TJv :rteQ!. 'toli XOQoli, :rtQo~ 0EO:rtLV xa!. XOLQLAOV ayoovLtollevo;,
:rtaL6a~ 6E ou; Eoxev, O-o'tOL' '!o<pwv, Aeooo8EVTJ~, 'AQLO'tffiV,
~'tE<pavo~, MeVeXAeL6TJ~.1 TeAeu'ta 6E Ile'tu EUQL:rtL6TJv E1:WV 90,
E6L6a~e 6E 6Qulla'ta QXY', w~ 6E 'tLve~, xat :rtOAAc'p :rtAei,oo' vLxa; M
EAa~e x6' . II
"O'tava:riOav 0 EvUt:ri~1J~ 0 Ioq;ox),:ij~ Eiuij).,O Ei~ 'to Oia'tuov pi :rl:vOtllOV ivlJVlla. T:roxut'tat xat Zouo~ axoAovOovuav
aon:q;av(fJ'tOt, lT1Jpelov flEYa).,ov :rl:vOov~.
("AeyovOL lJi ;cai 1:ocpo;cJ..Ea, a;covaavra Oil er:e).,wiTjOe 0 EV(}t3tWTJf;;,
aViov f1.eV f1.aiiqJ cpaup aVii 1I:(}'oCPV(}OV 1I:(}oe).,(Jeiv, iOV CJe XO(}OV ;cai ioil;
imo;c(!r:(J.; aarecpavwiOv; elaayayeiv ev i41 1I:(!aywv ;cai CJa;c(}vaat iOV
Mif.wV.")
ANTII'ONH
'R a' 'tQayoo6i.a :rtoil ML6uX8TJ O't~v 'EAA.a6a (1867) Ile'tu 't~v
6TJIlLouQYLa 1:O'U VEOU EAATJVLXoli xQu'tOu~ (lle'tu<pQ. Payxa~fj).
'R II~vily6v1J II elvaL'to 320v 6Qalla 'toli ~o<poxMou~, 8eooQov!J.evov
'to aQXaLo'teQov nov OOOtOIlEVOOV EQYOOV 'tou.
'R "~Vily6v1J" elvaL EX 'tWV WQaLO'tEQOOV EQYOOV 0XL IlOVOV 'toli
~o<poxMou~ aAA' OAOXA~QOU 'toli aQxaLou EAATJVLXoli 8eu'tQou.
'R y' u:rto8eOL~ 'toli AauQev'tLavoli XW6LXO~ aQXLtn
E~fj;:
II To !-lev o(}a!-la xa).,'uarwv Iot:poxUov~ II
w;
w;
1. ~O<pOXAfjS 'AQL<TtWVOS 'tQaYLxos, eyyovos ~O<pOXAEOUS. ME'taYEVE<TtEQOS

~O<pOXAfjS 'tQUYLXOS (15 l\QufLU'tU) futoyovoS 1:0'0 l\EU'tEQO'IJ.
282
MA9HMA24ov
Kata tOV "EYEAOV d~ 'tilv "Ala()rrrt,x'tlV", ~ 'AvnyoVTJ eIVaL'to
agLatOV xat xagtEata'tov 'tEXVO'ugyrn.ta &gxai.a~ xat vEo)'tllga~ bgaflatOAoyi.a~.
IeAAEU: '''Ryanrwa 7:i}v :Avnyovl1v el~ aMl1V nQol1Yl1()ewav ?;anjv.

L1ul7:0VW xai xavd~ OWfiO~ ev 7:fi naQ0'l5ay oev fie
xa()umi e1J7:vxfi. ,,1
*
"'R aXl1vi} 7:fj~ :Avnyovl1~ imoxeLWL el~ 7:(1~ efj{3a~, ij vno()em~
'0 eUQo~ uvv vlwv 7:OV OIO{nooo~
rroAvvdXl1~, OLeXOLXWV 7:i}v {3amAdav ano 7:0V aodcpov iOV
'ErwxUa, oQyavwvet exa7:Qa7:dav (En7:l1. ent efJ{3a~) xadl 7:fj~
1tarQioo~, aAA' cl).Al1AOaX07:wvewt fiedl wv 'EuoxUov~, xai ij
aQxi} neQteQxewL el~ 7:0V aoeAcpov 7:fj~ fil17:QO~ 7:WV KQeovw. '0
veo~ {3aatAeV~ ota7:(iaaet va Wivy a.wcpo~ 0 IIoAvvdxl1~ w~ eX()Qo~
rfj~ XWQa~ xai aneuei
()a 7:IflWQfjal1 OLa ()ava7:0V olovofjnou
1taQa{3arl1v 7:fj~ Otawyfj~. 'R aOeAcpi} ev WV7:0t~ 7:0V vexQov, xat
ave'ljJla wv KQeoVTo~ :Avnyovl1, neQtcpQovd 7:i}v {3aatAtXi}v nQoarayi}v xai eveQyovaa aVficpwvw~ nQo~ WV~ aYQacpov~ ()e;;xov~
v6fiov~, anocpaai?;et va ()a'ljJl1 7:0V IIoAvvdxl1v, eVqJ ij aoeAcpfj 7:11~
olaraset va ri}v axoAov()fjal1. 'R ()aQQaUa XOQl1 7:0V Olobtooo~
aVAAat-t{3avewt xa()' fjv G7:tYfii}v ijwifia?;e 7:a 7:fj~ wcpfj~, nQoaayeral oe evamLOV 7:0V KQeov7:o~ el~ 7:0V onoloV 0fioAoyei 7:i}v nQa~tv
rl1~ '0 KQewv 7:0U 7:i}v xawotxa?;et el~ ()avawv, va eyx).ew()fj
011A.aoi} ?;waa eVTo~ 7:acpov. IIaea ri}v enefi{3amv rfj~ 'Iafifjvl1~ (ij
o1toia Sl1ui va ano()avl1 fie7:a 7:fj~ aoe).cpfj~ 7:11~) xat wv fiOVOV
vlov rov KQeovw~ xai fiVl1a7:fjQo~ 7:fj~ :A V7:LYOVl1~ AlfiOVO~, 0
aXAl1eo~ ijyefiwv fieVet afie7:aneww~. 'EvqJ 0 AlfiWV aA).ocpQwV
xara rov narQo~ anevoet nQo~ 7:0V 7:acpov, 0 fiavn~ TeLQwiac; neo(Ji: aV7:fj~ eXeL w~ e;fj~:
on
1. T~v 'AV'tLy6v1Jv toU lliqJoxAiou; IlLIl~e1JaaV ot: Attius, Alfieri, Roucellai,

Alamani, Gamier, Rotron, Annouil xat V !J.EQEL () XOQta:t~1J~ at~v 'EQw<PIA1J.
283
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rAOI:I:HI:
Aeye el~ 7:0V K(!eovr:a oeva~ 'Xar:aa7:(!oq;a~ el~ r:TJv ol'Xoyeveu1.v

7:OV, 0 De K(!ewv q;ofJ-YJ()ei~ fter:a{3aAAe YVWWJV 'Xat a:nevoe 'Xat
aV7:0~ :n(!O~ 7:0V 7:aq;ov, oa va rureAev()e(!WaYj r:TJv'i4.vnyoVYjv. 'i4.ll'
eq;()aae :nOAV a(!y&.. El~ 7:0V 7:aq;ov eiJ(!e 7:0V Afwva exovr:a el~ 7:a~
ay'XaAa~ r:TJV ftvYja7:ijv ve'X(!av, 'Xa7:omv De AoyOftaXLa~ fte 7:0V
:nar:e(!a 0 AftwV 7:0V :n7:ve 'Xat emxe(!el va 7:0V q;ovevaYj, aAX
e'Xelvo~ otaq;evye 'Xat 0 v16~ 7:0V ev 7:fi ruroyvwae 7:0V aV7:o'X7:ovel
:na(!a 7:0V ve'X(!ov 7:ij~ 'i4.vnyovYj~. Ma()ovaa 7:0V ()ava7:ov 7:0V vlov
7:Yj~ aV7:o'X7:ovel 'Xa7:omv 'Xat Tj ft~7:Yj(! 7:OV EV(!VOL'XYj, 'Xar:a(!wfteVYj
7:0V K(!eov7:a, 0 o:nolo~ ()(!Yjvel7:ijv 7:IflW(!OV Mol(!av.
IIoaov hfpwv ol a(!xalo 7:0V evr:aq;aaft0v 7:(.OV ve'X(!wv fta(!7:v(!elr:a e~ 7:0V Atavr:a ~oq;o'XA.eOV~ 'Xat e~ 7:a~ 1'Xenoa~ EV(!:JrLOOV.
'0 ay(!aq;o~ VOftO~ el;~7:e 7:ijv r:aq;ijv otovo~:n07:e ve'X(!ov, oon
oiJ7:0~ i()ew(!el7:o ftOAVafteVO~ av eftevev ar:aq;o~, 'Xat ()a eftOAVVe
'Xat 7:0V~ aUov~. ot eYj{3alo ev 7:0V7:0~ e'X oetA.ta~ oev avr:ea7:Yjaav
el~ 7:ijv eq;a(!ftoyijv 7:ij~ avwr:e(!w Otar:ayij~ 7:0V K(!eov7:o~, 'Xat OV7:W
aVVe7:eAWaV el~ 7:0V ()ava7:ov 7:ij~ 'i4.V7:YovYj~, 'XaL7:O avve7:aX()Yjaav
fter:' aV7:ij~. II
EKAOrAI EK TOY APAMATQI

II (! 0 A0 y 0 ~ (II(}o 7:WV avax.6(}ltlv .wv e",fJwv)
ANTIFONH
"'Q 'XOLVOV ai,.ta~EAqJov 'IolL~VTJI!; 'XaQa....
XOQOI!; (15 e",fJawl ye(}ovn:q).

O'tQ.
"EQwl!; aVL'Xa'tE lLa')(,av.
"EQWI!;, Ol!; Ev 'X't~lLaoL JtL:n'tELI!;,
Ol!; EV lLaAa'XaLI!; JtaQELaLI!;
vEaVL~OI!; EVVU')(,EUELI!;,
qJOL't(i1!; ~' tJJtEQJtOV'tLOI!; EV ,;' aYQovolLOLI!;
1
781
785
aUAa~.
'XaL d ou,;' &.8ava'twv qJu!;LlLOI!; oMetl!;

oM' UlLEQLWV OE yo av8QwJtwv' 0 ~' E')(,WV
lLElL'I1VEV.
284
790
MA8HMA24ov
avtLO"tQ.
l::u xat <)LXaLWV, a.<)LXO'll~

CPQEVa~, ataQaOatQ.~ btt Ac.O~{fr
OU xat 'tOl)E vetxo~ a.vl)Qrov

;UVaL~OV EXE~ 'taQa;a~ ..
. a~axo~ yo.Q E~aL~EL eEO~ 'AcpQo()l'ta.
vilv l)' ~l)TJ 'yoo xa,ho~ eEO~rov
E;W CPEQO~aL 'tal)' oQrov, LOXELV l)'
OUXE'tL atTJYo.~ Mva~aL l)axQuwv.
ANT.
(KOIl,w~):
O"tQ. a'
'OQa:t' E~', d) ya~ ata'tQLa~ atoAL'taL,

'to.v vEa'tav oMv
O'tdxo'lloav, vEa'tov ()E CPEYyo~ AEUOOO'llOav a.EALO'll,
xoUato,;' a1'ie~ a.Mo. ~' 0 atayxol'ta~ "AllJa~ ~rooav aYEL
'to.v 'AXEQOV'tO~
a.x'tav, oM' u~Evaiwv
EYXATJQOV ou,;' E3tLV'lJ~CPLl)L6~
atW ~ 't~ {j~vo~
{j~VTJOEV, a.M' 'AXEQOV'tL V'lJ~CPEUOW.
ANT.
E;np6.
800
810
815
'AxAa'll'tO~, acpL1..o~, a.V'lJ~EVaLO~,
'taAaLcpQwv ayo~aL
'tavl)' hOL~av Mov.
OUXE'tL ~OL 'to()E Aa~a<)o~ LeQov o~~a
eE~L~ oQav 'taAaLv~,
'tov ()' E~OV ato't~ov a.l)axQ'll'tov OME~
cpiAwv O'tEva~EL.
880
***
(nQ~A. : KOlllloV '<PLYE'VEia~ ana '''IqJlyevta EV Taveotq",

EUQL:rtibo'U O"t. 218-220)
lei>.
Nuv l)E a.;ELVO'll atoV'tO'll ;dva

l)'lloxoQ'tO'll~ OLXO'll~ vaiw
ayaf.LO~, a'tExvo~, WtOA~, acpL1..o~
a.~vaO'tTJeELoa E; 'EAAavwv ....
285
EMHNIKH ArnrH
KOIlIlOV
'Iq)LyeveLa~
MA0HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAnnHI
Kat
altO It>Iqnyeveta ev AVAtOL
If,
Ev(}mtoov aT.
1279.
I~.
OLIlOL 'yoo, 1l<l-ceQ...

'X.OU'X.E-CL Ilot <poo~
oM' aeALO'lJ -cobe <PEyyO~...
(fl(}{JA. brtaT/~ TO XO(}L'XOV

'XaTw(Jt):
Tfj~ 'AVTLyOVT/~
""OaT~ oe TOV "E(}WTa
naVTWV oaLfiOVWV,
Oewv Vne(}TaTOV".
ne(}t
"E(}aJTo~, n(}o~
ov 'X(}tveL Oeov piyav 'Xat vne(}Tarov

p:/fnore YVW~
a'Xaw~ eart 1j WreL(}O~,
(EuQIJt. AUyrJ-Wt6U3t.)
[Tou'tEO"tLV:
uO:rtOLO~ 'tOV "EQO.>'tu SEO :rtUVLOX'UQo !lEO" 0" DA.U
XL avw'tEQO l'lEV 'tOv SUQQE'L xuL r oUQuvOii ax6!lu,

EIr EXEL :rtE1:QLVI'] xUQl'lui, ~ 'to!loQqJo l'lEV VLffiSEL
:rtoil [)(J'>Qo a:rt' 'toU~ aea.vu'to'U~ O"tov avSQO.>:rto EMSrj.]
"Iv TaV Oewv o..'Xa/inlov q;(}eva 'Xat {J(}OTWV

o..yet~, Kvn(}t, avv oi
onOt'XtAOnU(}O~, &'/iq;L{JaAwv
w'XvTaup nu(}qJ.
flOTaTat oe yalav, eVaXT/TOV 0'
aA/iV(}OV ent novrov... "
(EuQIJtL[)o'U 'I:rt:rt6A.'U'to~ 1268)
""E(}aJTo~ ovoev
laxvet nUov" .
*
flAPOIMIQLJEII IT/XOI EK THI ANTIrONHI
~.7l0
A araUllwv
I
ZEU~ YUQ IlEyaATJ~ YAooaaTJ~ 'X.OIlltO'lJ~

UltEQex9aLQEL.
286
Ta
127
MA9HMA24ov
OMEV yaQ aVeQclm:OI.aLV o'l:ov aQYUQo~

xaxov v6!lto!l' f~AaO'tE' 'tou'to xat 3t6Ae~
3tOQ9eL, 't6~' aV~Qa~ E;avLO'tT)aLV M!ltoV,
"C6~' b(~t~UaxEt xat 3taQalluooEt <PQEva~
XQT)o'ta~ 3tQo~ atOXQa 3tQuY!lae' LO'tao9m
295
~Qo'trov.
XOQO~
o'tQ. a' IIOAAa 'to. ~EtVa xoMev aVeQclm:O'U

~Etv6'tEQOV 3tEAet. 1
332
'AV'tLY. OihOl. O'UvEX9ELV, alla O'U!l<pWLV f<p'UV.
523
AL!LWV II6A~ yaQ aUx fOe', i)'t~ aV~Qo~ fOe' Ev6~.
737
XOQOi,; IIOAAql 'to <PQOVELV EiJ~m!lOVLa~

3tQro'tov tmuQXEt. XQiJ ~E 'to. i d~ 9EOU~
!IT)6Ev aOE3t'teLv.
1347
***
nAPATHPH~EI~ Enl KEIMENQN
IIQaY!la'ttXaL, 'EQ!lT)vE'U'ttxai, MOQ<PoAoytXaL, "E't'U!loAoytxaL

IIaQaywyTJ A.e;LAOYLo'U.
EWLXW"CEQOV: l:'Uvwvv!la !J.E Ae3t'tE:~ EvvOtoAoytXE:~ &3tOXQWOE~:
'OM~
a'tQa3to~
O'tL~O~
O'tEVW3tO~
~Q6IJ.o~
'tQL~OC;
XEAE'UeO~
3tu'to~
alJ.<po~o~
QW;, a.lJ.a;t'to~
ayuta
QUIJ.T)
oIlJ.o~
"AeQ)q;6eov~ ooov~
Aao<p6Qo~
O'tQw'tiJ
"DeVET) oM~"
",q m:exetv". (lIaeayy. lIu8ayoe.)
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' xAio~. TO. O'Uyx03t't6IJ.EVa (1taeaYQ. 89, 90, 91).

2. 'A6QtO'to~ Wxat 3tiva; 'to'll "~ullo>", (1taQayealpo~ 221
rea!L!La't.Ttae't~avou)
1. n:Q~A. : "Ovdev acpeam:or:eeov :rce}..eraL voov av(}eW:ltOWLV". (AEOXTJC:;, MLKQ<l

'IAL<lC:;, an:6on:.)
'11J7
JWT:(}'-"lJ lrG.(}aama~ T:fj~ ~ vrtyoV1J~ mii IO(jJoxUov~
(,Avrty6v1'/,
288
,,~vva
Ivvodtvoii)
MA9HMA250v
"Ol{Jw(; o{)O(; avtl{?... 'Halo~o(;.

Movayat 'fE1:lfJ.'fJfJVO(; aOava1:l/at
OV ~tl Ol XUO(; emal
oaov r:'b'Clxt~vaTal "'W(;.
Ma6mux; 250v
HEIOAOE
IloA:v OALYE~ TtA'IlQOqJOQLE~ EX0'UV TtaQab08fj TtEQI. 'tOU
'HoLobo'U, Et~ 'tOY (moLov ctTtobLbE'taL 0 !LEya~ 'X:UXAO~ 'tfj~ iE~a
'ttxii; xal. btbax'ttxii; TtOLitOEW~. Tu Mo XUQLa bLaow8EV'ta EQya
'to'll dVaL it eEorONIA xal. 'to EPrA KAI HMEPAI. To ovo!La
'to'll uvaqJEQE'taL !LOVOV O'tf]V eEorONIA. eyJt(IQXEL it EV'tuTtwm~ TtL8avo'tam EOqJaA!LEV'Il- 3tEQI. {JJtaQsEw~ Mo 'Hmobwv. "Evav 8Q'IlOXE'lJ'tLXOV, 'tOY UQXaLO'tEQOV, xal. Evav bLbax'tLxov xal. VEW'tEQOV.
0-0 xal. 'tu 8Q'UAOU!LEVa 3tEQI. bL3tAfj~ il~'Il~ xal. bL3tAOU 8ava't0'U
'tOU 3tOLY)'tOU, xa8cb~ xal. it 3taQOL!LLwb'll~ EXqJQam~ "'HatoOelOv
yij(}a~" .
IlEQt LOU uvaqJ'Uo!LEvO'U 3tQo~Ait!La'to~, at YVW!LaL bLxa~oV'taL.
'0 rravayfj~ AExa'tOa~ 3tLO'tEUEL O'tL 3tQOXEL'taL 3tEQI. Mo 3tOLY)'tWV.
'0 ~Tt. <lILA.L3t3ta~ uvaqJEQEL O'tL EX 'tWV O'tLXWV 22-27 'tfj~ eeoyovia~
UTtobELxvuE'taL O'tL 0 3tOL'Il'tf]~ V3tfjQSEV Eva~. ~'tO'v~ O'tLXO'U~ au'toiJ~
OftLA.EL 6 rbLO~ 6 TtOL'Il'tit~, U3tOXaAU3t'tov'ta~ O'tL V3tfjQSE ~ooxo~
UQXLXIl xat O'tL Ot !LOUOE~ -b'llA. 8EIxf] E!L3tVE'UO~- U3tEXaA'U'll'av 'til
ooa TtEQt 8EWV 'ljJaA.A.EL O'tf]V eeoyovia 'tOOO 'til TtEQaO!LEVa 000 xal.
'til ftEAA.OU flEva.
'0 'HQobo'to~ uvaqJEQEL O'tL 0 "O!Ly)Qo~ xal 6 'Hoi.obo~ II o-DWt
ewiv ot TCo1170aV7:e~ ()eoyovi1/v w'i~ "EM1/0t. .. ". 'E3tLO'YJ~, 3tOAU bLabEboflEVO~ dVaL 6 eQUAO~ 3tEQI. 3tOL'Il'tLXOU bLaywvLO!LOU uva!LEaa
u'tov "O!L'IlQo xal. 'tOY 'HOLObo, 6 (mOLO~ bLaywvW!Lo~ bLEsitX8Y)
'Es
289
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAO!!HL
o'ti}v XaA')tU)a, ')ta'ta 'ti}v 'tmpi}v 'tOU ~aOl)oo~ 1\.IlqJLl)ullanolO. 1 n'

at'hov 'tov M:yollevov ":4ywva 'O/i:fU}OV xaL 'Hawoov" elxe &.91..0Oe'tT]Ofj 'tQGtou~ E:n:l. 'tOU O:n:OLOU aveYQuqJT]:
lIawoo~ Movaat~ 'EALXWVWL
l'OVO' ave91Jxev
"'Y.uvqJ vLx1jaa~ ev XaAxlOt gelov "0.u1JQov.
("'Ev oe l'qJ 'EALXWVL xaL cLU.OL l'Qbrooe~ xeivl'aL, xaL aQxawl'al'O<;
DV, ev XaAXlOt Aa{3eiv Uyovaw lIawoov vLX1jaana wofj".)
ITa'Uo. BoLW't. 31,3
AAAA EPrA TOY
rVvatxiJJv
xar(i).oyo~: ('HoLm), hUll.
"If
ora ... " n:veaAoYLa
~Qrooov a:n:o 't~ 1lT]'tQL')t~ 'tou~ QLt~e~.
'Atnuovopia: OQLOIlVOL SVOL IlEAe'tT]'tai. 'to OeooQouv vero'tEQo,

l)W'tL, ')taOcb~ LoxUQLtOV'taL, ')tavel.~ l)EV ~!l:7toQouoe a:n:o 'to'te va EXT]
aVLxveuoeL aQLOllov ')tal. 'tQOXLaV :n:AaVT]'twv!
MeJ.ap:roliia: MO')tQUqJL')tOV. "IO'tOQLaL 'tou IlUV'tEOO~ MeM!l:7tol)o~,
')taOcb~ ')tal. 'twv TeLQeoLou, KUAxaV'tO~.
1lialot Aaxrv).ot: Me'taAA.oUQyol.l)aLllovE~. OMev l)LeoroO'I'J.
Xeiuwvo~ T:roOijxat: ~Leo~O'I'JOav 5 O'tLXOL. To avaqJQeL ')tal. 0
I1Lvl)aQo~.
8qqiw~ xat Het(!iOov Ei~ iiliov xarapaqt~.
E:rtOaMpuw Ei~ HqUa xat @ertv.
rij~ HEf!iolio9 1\.:rtoo:n:UOIla'ta OlJAM:yV'ta ,,:n:o "EQatooOvou~.
Aiyipto~: 'AvaqJQe'taL Et~ 'tov AtYLIlLOV, ~aOl).a ~ooQlioov, ULOV
'tOU ~roQOU.
KEf!apl~: allqJLO~'I'J'toullevov.
K7jvxo~ yapo91\.IlqJLO~TJ'teL'taL ~ YVTJOW'tT]~.
1. "... "a'ra 'ra; -rarpa; 'A",rptM",av'ro; 'rOv XaMuMw;, EV al; ~Of"TleOv "at
'Hatodov UnoQovatv breat dtaywvwaa(Jat ". mo,,.taQXOS
290
MA9HMA250v
AESIKON EOYiAA:
"'HOLOOO~. K'UllaLo~, veo~
M ?Wllw8ei.' {mo 'tou
3ta'tgo~ ~Lo'U
xal.
J.l.rttQo~ Il'Uxtll~OTJ~ v '1\oxgU Bow)'tLa~. reveaAoyet'tm M elvm'tou
L\Lo'U tOU
'A3teAAtOo~
'tou MeAavomo'U, OV (j)aaL 'ttve~ 'tou
'OIl~Qo'U
3tQ03t<l'toQo~ eIvm 3t<13t3tOV, ro~ ave'l\ltaoouv elvm 'Hotooo'U 'tOY
"OflrtQov, Bxa'tegov OE a3to 'tou '1\'tAgV'tO~ xa'tayeo8m. Ilm~fla'ta

oE mJtou 'tau'ta, 8eoyovLa, gya xal. tlllegat, aa3tL~, y'Uvmxoov
~QWtXOOV xa'taAoyo~ EV f3tf3ALot~ e', Emx~Oetov e~ Batgaxov 'twa
EQwflevov au'tou, 3tegl. 'toov 'IOaLrov ~aX't1JArov, xat dAAa 3tOAAa.
'Etef..ev'tTJoe OE EmSevrogel.~ 3tag' ~V'tL(j)(fI xal. K'ttfleV(fl, ot wx'troQ
Msav'te~ avmgeLv (j)90gea aoef..(j)fI~ au'toov, avei:f..ov 'tOY 'HoLoOov
axovte~. "'Hv bE 'Ofl~gO'U xa'ta 'tLva~ 3tgeaf3v'tego~, xa'tu OE
af..f..o'U~ ovYXgovo~. Ilog(j)vgLO~ xat dAAm 3tAeLo'tm, vew'tegov g'
Evta'U'toL~ 6QL~0'UOtV; ro~ f..f3' (.tovo'U~ EVta'U'toiJ~ o'U(.t3tgo'teQeLv 'tfl~
3tgw'tTJ~ 6f..'UJ.l.3ttaoo~. II
('0 r. ML<rtgub'tTJ; -A' 137- 3tL<rteUeL ()'tt 0 'Hoiol)o; elvaL oaipro; JAEtayeve-
mego; 'toii 'Ofl.t]go'U).
*
HllO~OL (ei~ "O(.tTJgov)
Yle Me).:rJ7:o~, "O/-lYJee, (Jew v a.7l'O /-l1]bw elbd>~, elJt' aye /-lOt
llaf-llle(J)Ta 7: cpeeTa7:0V ean fJe07:0WL.
OMHPOL
:AeX1]v /-lev f-l1] cpiJvat buX(JovotatV aeW7:0V, CPVVTa Oe 01l(J)~
&h,wm llVAa~ :Atbtao lleeijaaL.
***
9EOrONIA
'A3to'td,ei 'ti)v 'IEQav rQ(l'Pi)v 'troy 'EI..I..1]vrov. IleQLf..a(.tf36:veL
E3tLge'ta a3tro'ta'tTJ~ agxmo'tTJ'to~. 'OQto(.tevm
fleAe'tTJ'taL xaQax'tTJgL~O'UV agt9flOv mLXrov ro~ 3tOAiJ agxato'tego'U~
'tii~ 'OflTJgtxfl~ 3tm~aero~, axollrt xat 'tfl~, 3tegL 'to 2000, xa9600'U
(:::E3tuv60o'U) 'toov 'HQaxt.etOoov.
JtaQaMoEL~, O'tLXO'U~,
291
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAn!!H!
rAwaaa: 'E3tL0'l11l0V U<pO~, UQXaL03tQE3tEi~ EX<pQaOEl,.

Me(!r}: IIQoOLIlLOV (1-115)
KOOlloyovLa -SwYOVLa (116-616)
TL'taVollaXLa (617-885)
SwyovLa~ (J'lJVEXELa (886-964)
"HQOJoyovLa (965-1020)
Kat 'tEA.euOVEL IlE 'tou~ O'tLXOU~:
"Nvv oe yvvavewv ~v).ov aeiom:e, ""ovbretat,

Movaat 'O).Vf.t1'tuioec;, ~ov(!at LlwC; alyw'X,ow
II
CAxoAouSEi ~ IlE'ta~aOL~ d~ 'ta.~ llotar;.)
**
'ExAoyat U3tO HllOL\OY eEOrONIAN

MouoaOJv1 T,ALxOJvLa~OJv UQXc.OllES' Ud~ELV,
a'L S' T,ALXOOvo~ EXOUOLV oQo~ !J.iya 'tE saSEov 'tE
evSev U3toQvU!J.EVaL, xExaAUIlllEvaL TJEQL 3toUn,
EvvUXLaL O'tEixov 3tEQLxallia oooav l.eioaL,
UIlWUOaL L\La 't' atYLoxoV xat 3to'tVLav "HQ'I1v
~QYEt'l1V, XQUOEOLOL 3tE~LAOL~ EIl~E~auiav,
xouQ'I1V 't'atytOXOLo L\w~ YAauxoomv ~STJV'IlV
q,oi~6v 't' ~3toUOJva xat "AQ'tEIlLV LoxEaLQaV
TJM IIooEL~aOJva YaLTJoXOV EVVOOLYaLOV
xat SEIlLV aL~OL'I1V, ALXo~M<paQov 't' ~<PQO~L't'I1V
"H~'I1v 'tE XQuooO'tE<pavov, XaATJV 'tE i\Lc.OV'IlV,
A'I1'too 't' 1rutE'tov 'tE WE KQovov UYXUAOIlTJ't'l1V
'Hoo 't' 'HEAtOV 'tE IlEyav, Aa!J.3tQav 'tE ThATJV'IlV
raiav 't' 'QxEavov 'tE IlEyav xat Nux'ta IlEAaLVaV,
10
15
20
1. "...'ta~ MotJau~ yeyovEvUL 'tOautJ'tu~ (bTJAubit 9) O'tl 'tOuvolJ.u Tij~ IJ.TJ'tQo~

uu'twv (bTJA. MNHMOl:YNH) EX 'toaotJ't(J)v YQulJ.lJ.(l't(J)v Ead.".
ID.otJ't(lQXo~ -l:uf.J.1toa. 744
292
MA8HMA250v
aAAOOV't' &8uv<hoov LEQov YEVOr;, utBv EOV'tOOV.

At vU 3t09' 'HoLobov X.UAi]V MLbu;uv uOLMIV,
aQvur;, 3tOLIlEVOv9' ~ALX.OOVOr;, lJ3tO ~U9EOLO'
'tOL'T] Mouoaoov LEQi] MOLr;, UV9QOO3tOLOLV.
'Ex. yaQ 'tOL Moumloov X.UL X.'T]~6A.ou ~3tOMOOVOr;,
avbQEr;, uOLboL euoLV E3tL X90vu X.UL x.L9uQL<J'tUL,
EX bE ~LOr;, ~UOLAfjEr;,' 0 b' OA~LOr;" ov 'tLVU MOUOaL
<pLAooV'taL...
95
"H 'tOL IlEV 3tQOO'tLO'ta Xaor;, YEVE't', uu'tuQ

E3tEL'tU
rut' EUQUO'tEQVOr;" 3taV'toov Bbor;, umpuAEr;, Ul.eL,
116
~b' "EQor;"
120
or;, xaMLo'tOr;, EV u9uva'toLOL 9eoiOL,

AUOLIlEAi]r;" 3taV'toov ()E 9EOOV 3taV'toov 't' uv9Qoo3toov
MIlVU'taL EV mi]9wOL voov X.UL E3tL<pQOVU ~oUAi]V.
'Ex xaeor;, b' "EQE~or;, 'tE, IlEAaLVa 'tE Nu; EyEVOV'tO.
Nux'tor;, b' u.o't' At9i]Q 'tE X.UL 'HIlEQ'T] E;EYEVOV'tO,
our;, 'tEXE XUOUIlEV'T] "EQE~EL, <pLAO't'T]'tL IlLYEiou.
ruiu bE 'tOL 3tQoo'tov IlEV EYELVU'tO LOOV uu'tfj
OUQuvov umEQoEv9', tvu IlLV 3tEQL mlV'tu XUAU3t'tOL,
o<PQ' EL'T] lluxaQwoL 9eoir;, Bbor;, UO<pUAEr;, ul.eL.
rELVU'tO b' OUQEU lluxQa..
125
~ bE XUL U'tQUYE'tOV 3tEAUYOr;, 'tEXEV ...
'YIlEir;, IlEv vuv XULQE't', 'OAU!l3tLU bOOIlU't' EXOV'tEr;"

VfjooL 't' ~3tELQOL 'tE XUL UAIlUQOr;, Evbo9L 3toV'tor;,.
963
-IIAPATHPHEEIE
'EQIl'T]VEU'tLXU
MOQ<POAOYLXU
'E'tUlloAOYLX.U - "EvvoLOAOYLX.U
293
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOHHL
-A.ESIA.OrION
/!EAa~, IJAaVO~, &:/!auQo~,
%EAmVO~, yvO<pO~
etA:u,
%at 6vo<po~,
~O<PEQO~, 3tEM~, 3tEAL6~, 3tEQ%VO~,

3tOALO~, <POQ%O~, %a'ta3tOALO~,
OQ<PVO~.
***
'E3tt X86va
AtYTJL6o~,
<pwvfj~ <EAATJVL60~
3tE<pU%E rEVO~ OE3t'tOV.
<Ilao~
'AEALOV Q{iov EO'tt O~EVV"'Vm,

il rEVO~ 'Iaovwv EAEU9EQLTJV U3tOAEOm.
rEvo~
<EAAi]VWV!
uE6o~ 3tQOOTJALWV 3tVEU /!(l'tWV,
to'tOQLTJ~ EV'tL/!O~ UQxi].
IIaiJA.or; IIwrayewQyonovA.Or;
:Enovoam:r,r; EAAHNIKH:E Ar!JrH:E
Mawr; 1996.
294
S6Z
13'(t;Wg r? 13J 0lt '53~3'(~~~ 5uXprlSY:L ~:L Plt:q, ..

SV!.3r1ItV
,
1....it
SO!.9'(0m'(vii SOltl:L1tV:LDMfJ)J 9 1:Lg 3r1{JOlt ~It ltao,rlp'X. Sprl ~It ~11.
?Ol.!fv 101.9'( JO ItVD{JO'X.0P.8 SVJooWJ sYl. [utwD9 olt [woprlOVrllfl.D
YOXvovX If,aoXfl Q-0lt Saoo3:L9moCP SQ-0:L C(lltp mlf,F '03r1proW ItC(l:LD
S13gD~Olt JO If,VDVgJgV:L3r1 Q-0lt 1l,01f,J:LIf,V:LDIf,(T))J {JO:L 101.9'( JO ?vy
SvJOO:LDJ sY:L S~rII.1:LD 53yr;!.3r1 HOlt S?W ro~pg 1f:L C{>!.~ '03r1proW
{J0:L 000 00'l SpD 1f,{J00XV:LVOVlt1:LIf,P ~It ?V'X. v'(ltg It a Of)(fJ 'X. lw
OOOL 1J.g 3Dro:LD
~It ItVD{JOOOltri Q-0lt S30glf,'!l10 1O'(g 1O'(g 1tV:L(f
1umg SO!.9'(0mYDII 5oltl:L1tvwlf,roy 9 Q-0lt
LlItJ3'X.~ IfrlI.1:LD 1t1fJ.,
}oriS10'910 DMri;,> AI;t1 ~1}.. D}ODri101300lC H,

3S0~ A~Q Q-OlC - 10f,tV AI;t1 91C'9 :o13S!f09 A\f1 ~}.. D}AOO}..'9 H,
lStl 0.01 0109ri~ON A9 W 3riCtoA1Sd> 1D)1

1000'(1) AI;t1 9lC'9 A10lC :o1 A9 0 'X OS 'DOW AI;t1 ~ DOW 'DO~ 1;t1 ~ri Do~ri
S01Q1 9 30OO}9~ ~1 SOOlC2 'SctOA~.l Q.01 D}AOO}..'9 AI;t1 'D19AO}..3}.. ~1 '9x
-1AUXO 91 ':o130~01lC3'( 3S1X ~ 1DX S3Q1'(30 0001 91C'9 S303190D103lC
~o DO~ri 'Svri :o111ri ~!I.D ~100olCri 13}..1'(ct13~ ct01 }ou}..!fd>'9 AI;tW
SDUqlooo'XOOlC 1D)1 Sf,t3d>DOMC\D
9 ct01
0},(919 91 13~J'X01l1013"
Ii "-vO:LPllItIfW v'X.UO!f1t1t3!. 1:Lg ItvV:j3 {Jorl ?v)J CfJ:LXf(

?v'X. Itaorl'!llt 1300ltW 1t{!J:L~ 3:L1f,~lt !! 1t{!J10:L Itaorl'!llt 1300ltW 3:L91
mrlpriao It~V !(T)XOplt() 1J.g v'X.UOItPOD]V 3:L911 roXOplt(} 1J.g mrlolt
-POD]v ~It vmX0'!lItV:Lg 'ItVlt'j3 {JorlW:L:q", 'lOfr I C(lw v'X.UO!f1f,1f,3J Ii
SooriO.. l061 91 D(11U AI;tw 3XUS!fM3}..

So'(ctolC9'('(3AD)1 SU1ql1}..DADU SowuAri}3'9 9 112 9 1000M mA13
SOA(!>'jD ct00l Q.01 D},(919 D031}TIDX 01
~10 DO~ri 3~D1~1DX I;tX1110X D1ri09xJ...DlC ~ :o1DX19 Q-OlC 0},(91g . Ii lOt 1
O.cr V)1H8HNN3.l .. cto'(CtolC9'('(3AD)l U1ql1}..DADU Q.01 0},(919

91 o}..}'( ~1}.. 3ri ctooJ'('( ctd>3~ S;,> 'Do~ri ~ AI;t1 AI;t1CJ.D SD1Aqlri1~
(Stl AOIVW 6Z
3:H:.I3:HVV :nu NOI:tlLm:.l NH.L 3:13 VWHd:.IIclJV
1\09(:
VWH9VW
EMHNIKH ArOrH
'Eyw :n:(}0~ 7:0V eeOV xa7:mpevyW xat el ()eArJ7:0V Avnp oovvat

rqv :n:OAW el~ Xei(}a~ aov, d~ 0 aV7:et:J7:elV ovvaf.leVO~; El oe Ef.lq;Vuvaet elQf}VrJV EV 7:fj xa(}Oig. aov, 7:0V7:0 a:n:oMxof.lat. "Eyw MO 'rofj
viiv, 'ra~ xv).a~ (fivMG(J) OO'OV f} fJVvapt~ "
Kat EVcjj 0 aV7:ox(}a7:w(} elXe XV(}tw()fj a:n:o 7:qv yaAf}vrJ 7:fj~
alwvt67:rJr:a~ :n:(}07:0V :n:eaet xat ()vmaa()fj, 0 :n:aviaxv(}o~ Mwaf.le()
oev f.l:n:o(}ovae va navxaaet 0157:e 7:q vvxr:a va Xotf.lrJ()fj. Tov~ OVO
:n:(}eapet~ :n:ov f.lemptpaaav 'COv~ w(}atov~ AOyOV~ 'COV
Kwva7:avdvov wv~ axo7:wae. Kat ~ava~aVe :n:(}o7:aae~ a7:ov pamMa.
"Tt Myet~: eeAet~ xar:aAe:n:etV 7:qv :n:OAW, xat a:n:eA()elv ev()a
POVAet f.le7:a uov amv a(}xov7:WV xat v:n:a(}xov7:WV vf.llv; "
'0 De paaaeV~ a:n:eX(}tvaw:
"To fJi 'rTrv xohv O'oi fJoiJvat, oin:' ipOv iO"ri oUre lillov 'rwv
xa'rotxoVvr:(J)v tv amfi. KotVfi rau yvwP:l1 xaV're~ amox(!oal(!i'r(J)~ axo8avoVpev xai ov (fitO'opdJa 'tij~ r;(J)ij~ f}pwv".
'0 avwx(}a7:w(} Kwvar:av7:lvo~, axt f.lOVO OeWO~ f.laXrJ7:q~ aMa
xat f.leya~ a7:q axbprJ xat ar:qv 'ljJvxf}, fj~e(}e xaJ.a on, Xt av OAot
:n:eoawav, DeV ()a :n:e()aWe 7:0 revo~ EVcjj av, vlo()e7:Wvr:a~ 7:k :n:(}0raaet~ wv aOVA7:aVOV, OeXo7:au va awaet 7:0V eav7:0 wv xat 7:0V~
a(}XOV7:e~, 7:0 reVO~ ()a Xavor:av.
'H nf.le(}a :n:ov e(}Xer:at elvat T(}hrJ, 29 Matov. 'H uAwr:ata
nf.le(}a 7:fj~ aV7:ox(}a7:o(}ta~ xat 7:fj~ ~wfj~ 7:ov. '0 K(J)vO"raV'rlvo~ fJtv
p;ro(!oiJO'e va rivet ,) x(!wro~ a(!mrO~ 'roiJ VXOfJOVAOV rtvov~.
'AxoO"ro;'r, fJtxfJ 'rov lI'rav va rivet ,) 'rekvralo~ 'roiJ i)'w8(!ov.
rtvov~. '0 uAevr:alo~ DeV exet 7:0 otxatwf.la va E:n:t~el. 'H f.lOVrJ
eXAoyq elVat 0 ()avaw~. "OXt 0 o:n:owaof}:n:ou ()ava7:o~. Elf.lat
pepaw~ on 0 Kwvar:av7:lvo~ ()a axeq;()rJXe on, av ()'Aot :n:e()atvovv
a:n:o a(}(}wana, 0 row~ oev eXet 7:0 Otxalwf.la v' a(}(}wa7:f}aet xat va
xAetaet 7:a f.lana 7:0V a' eva X(}eppa7:t. Kat on elotxwu(}a 7:q vvXr:a
exetvrJ, a(}()w~ xat ay(}v:n:vo~ :n:Aat a7:qv :n:VArJ wv i1y. PWf.lavov,
()a OtaAe~e f.lOVO~ 7:0V 7:0 ()ava'CO :n:ov wv a~t~e. "EOtW~e a:n:o
xov7:a 7:0V xat 7:0V aya:n:rJf.levo 7:0V q;tAO FeW(}Yw ~q;(}av7:~fj, 7:0V
earetAe va EXieMaet f.lta xa:n:ota ofj()eV e:n:etyovaa a:n:oar:oAq Yla
296
MA9HMA250v
vdvat iAEVOEeO(; Xat Wro 1:" moeytx" Xat 1:eVcpEe" flana 1:0V mo
mawv 'COV cpfJ..ov. L1ev e:!teE:!tE1:"V mea ExeiV1], va 1:0V xafl1/JEl fJ
aya:!t1] xaVEVO~. Ie fltr1.flWV mea (f' aeXiaEl va ~1]flEeWVEI,
E'brE
xci:Trma anYfl" flsaa 1:0V () Kwvmav1:'ivo~ () IIaAawAoyo~. "'Q~ 'CiJ
anYfl" ExeiV1], :!tEeiflEVE. ~:!to 1:" mlYfl" ExeiV1], oev ElxE ma xateo
fl:!teoma 1:0V va :!tEelpivEl.
'H E:!tiOw1] l1.exWE :!tEet 1:"V OEV1:SeaV aAEX1:oeocpwviav. Kavet~
Mv alcpvlolaa()1]XE. "DAm ayev:!tvovaav. Kat 1mo08x01]XaV 1:0V
h()eo fle yevvaw1:1]1:a xat :!tEWfla. 30 1j xat 50 Tovexov~ e:!tee:!te va
avnflE1:w:!tiael, Efl:!toMl;ov1:a~ 1:0V~ v' aVEfJovv, lva~ flOVO OlXO~
fla~. T"v mo flEyciA1] :!tiea1] 1:"V 08X()1]xe () N01:aea~. ~a Xa1:acpEee v' a:!tOXeOvaEl 1:0. XVfla1:a U.Ov ExOeWV. T"v mea Exeiv1] elxe
;exaaEl
:!teonflaEl 1:0V~ Tovexov~ a:!to 'COv~ Aadvov~, xat
:!toUfl1]ae alI. AWV1:ael. 'H :!teW1:1] cpaa1] 1:ij~ flaX1]~ elxE xee01]Oij. 'H
anYfl" EXeiV1] 1]1:aV flEyciA1]. Kat fl:!tOeOvaE va yiVEI, 1:0 'VlWae Xl ()
Kwva1:av1:'ivo~ xat flaAta1:a 1:0 cpwva~e, fJ anYfl" 1:0V ()avfla1:0~ xat
'COV Oetafl{3oV. ElxE a1:' aAqOeta :!tewOij () Kwva1:av1:'ivo~
fl:!tOeovae va xeeMaEl m~ 1:0 dAO~ 1:ij~ flaX1J~; IIlauvw on, 1:T]
O1:tYflT] ExeiV1], xat 1:S1:0tE~ anYfle~ eeXOV1:at flOVO flta cpoea a1:a
XiAta xeOVta, ViX1]aE flsaa 1:0V () Kwva1:av1:'ivo~ 1:T] AOYlXT] :!tov
1:OVAEYE
fJ vix1] Elvat aovva1:1], xat axscp01]XE
Mv elvat OwAOV a:!tiOav1]. T" anYfl" EXeiV1] elxe xwek 11.).).0 ma1:8tpet a1:O
Oavfla -:!tov Oev eYlvE-.
L1vo ~1:aV 1:0. 1:vxa'ia 1j flolea'ia :!teetmanXa :!tov O1:oixwav 01:0
revo~ flOV 1:0. :!tav1:a. To :!teW1:O, 1]1:av () 1:eaVfla1:WflO~ 1:0V
']ovaUvtav1] xat 1:0 OEVr:eeO, 1:0 ;Exaaflsvo :!taea:!toeno. 'H
KEeXO:!toe1:a. '0 Kwv~avrivo~ x'W.7rq9qx ;arpvtxa xal a.7ro J'a
vWJ'a. Bf!VX6f1E1'o~ w~ )wv xal
~opq;aiav qwv tv rfi ~e;t(i
1rOUov~ nov .7roMpiwv u'.7rEucpa;e. Kal J'O alpa .7roJ'ap1]~Ov EX
J'wv 1rO~iiJv xal Z~iiJv amoil lu~. ..
oa
on
on
on
on
rirv
297
EMHNIKH ArOrH
'0 K{J)vawv'tlvo~ naAaw)'6'Yo~ breae w~ XoLVO~ a't()a'tuf)'t'YJ~.

'E'taw 49. 1
"'Oao "lui 't'f/v K{J)vawv'tvov n6)'LV, K{J)vawv'tlvo~ evw'X:y/c;
f3aatJ.ev~, 'E)'v'YJ~ v6~, avea't'YJae av't'f/v xal el~ ax()ov ev(ja,!-wvtac;
xal 'tvX'YJ~ wM/'Y'YJae.

Kal bd K{J)vawv'ttvov, (jva'tvxofi~ f3aO).{J)~, vofi 'E)'v'YJ~,
'Eal{J) xal el~ eaxa't'YJv (jov).etav xal xaxo(jat{lovtav xa'tbreae...
***
"0 Kwvatavtivo~ IIa"'aLoMyo~ btEQaaE at~v "IatoQLa, atov
8Qu",o, ato IIaQa~v8L. "EYLVE E:7tO~, tQayov6L, DVELQO, EA.:rtL6a.
"0 Kwvatavtivo~ IIa"'aLo"'ayo~ EYLVE 6 MaQ~aQw~Evo~
BaOL"''I']a.~. Kat xavEva~ a"''''o~ "'ao~ atov xaa~o 6EV E'XEL, outE d'XE
:7tOtE to'\), Ma(){la(){J){levo BaatJ.a.
""'HAle !lOV aVll7:elAe navwv if OfJAOV t'ov XOO!lO cpeyye

Xl ext'ewe t'(1~ axdva~ oov if ok" t"f/v olxov/dv'fJv.
Kl el~ t"f/v KwvowvuvovnoAw, t'iJv neW'fJV cpovfllOfleV'fJV
xat t'wea t'iJv ToVeXonoAlv"Mv neenel mo va cpiyy'fJ~".
(K'IJ:n:QLa%oV 'Ava%uJ..:l'JflU 't'ij<; Koovmuvnvo'IJ:n:oAeoo<;)
*
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' x"'La~
~Ly~a"''I']Xta oMetEQa d~ -a~, -a'to~, (:n:uQuYQ. 92, 93).
(xe()a~, x()ea~, 'Ye()a~, 'Yij()a~, 17:e()a~).
2. ~,\)VUQ'I']~EVa Et~ -a{J) -cO - Tt{la{J) -cO.

~Q'XLXOt 'XQavOL xat :7tLVa; avVUQ'I']~EVWV tV:7tWV (:n:uQuYQ. 227).
1. Kut AiVE: rijl; Xl av t'ov xeat'ii~, oev t'ov ecpayel; i4.01].

L1ev ni(Jave. MaelUiewoe. KOlfliit'a1.
Ja !;vnvijo1].
(K. IIuAUflii<;, 'H qJAOYEQU 'tOv BumALii).

298
'Haio(joc;
299
-------------------~
LJ lOVVmaXOv
300
(}ea7:(!OV 'A(}1JVWV
MA9HMA26ov
Ma8tUux26ov
o EYPIDIAHE KAI TO EPrON TOY

Km:a'to "IIaQLOv ILaQILaQov", 'tijv aQXauYtEQTj oxEmtij ILaQ't'llgLa, 6 EUQlJttl)Tj~ EYE'VVi)STj o'tijv <l>A:ua (OTjILEQLVO XaMv6QL), xa'ta
'to nQo)'to iho~ 'tfj~ 73Tj~ 'OA.'llILJtLa6o~, 6TjA.. 'to 485 n.x. Mta dA.A.Tj
nATjQmpoQLa oILro~, ILE't<lYEVEO'tEQTj au'ti), MEL nro~ EYEVVi)STj m:ijv
kaAa!JXva xa'ta 'to nQOrto lho~ 'tfj~ 75Tj~ 'OA.'ll!LJtLci.bo~, bTjA.. 'to 480
n.x. xat ILa.A.LO'ta, onro~ nQoo'ttSE't<lL, xa'ta 'tijv "ILEQa 'tfj~ Evbol;Tj~
va'UILaxta~ (20 ~En'tEILj3QLO'll). To'tE 6 AtoX"A.o~ o'tijv aXILij 'tfl~
&VbQLXfl~ 'to'll "ALxta~, 45 E'troV, "fJ(}d)v~ O.n:A1:o.n:aA.a~, oaw~ avnnaA.ot~" (axA.6vTj'to~, j3aQLa 6nA.LOILEVO~ nOA.EILLo'ti)~, oAEeQLO~
o'tO'u~ &V'tlJtaA.o'll~) nOAEILoiloE' 6 ~OCPOXAfj~, 16 E'troV, EOEQVE 'tOY
XOQo 'trov Ecpi)j3roV xQo{,oV'ta~ 'tijv MQa yUQro ano 'to 'tQon<lLo 'tfj~
vbtTJ~
ME Mo 't"no'll~ naQabtl)E't<lL 'to QVOILa 'toil na'tEga'toil EUQIJtL6Tj: Mvi)oaQXo~ xat MVTjoaQxtbTj~. CR ILTj'tEQa 'to'll WvoILatE'tUL
IO..EL'tC.o. ~V'tLcpa'tLxE~ eLV<lL ot nATjQocpoQLe~ YLa 'tijv XOLVroVLXij SEOL
'tow YOVEroV 'to'll. 'EILnoQaxo (xanTjAov) 'tOY MEL 'tOY na'tEQa 'toil
EUQIJtL6Tj 6 "Bto~ ". CR KAEL'tro EYLVE 6 bLaQxij~ m:OXo~ 'tfj~ XA.E{,Tj~
'tfj~ KroIL<pbLa~ noil bEY Ena'llE va 'tijv anoxaAfj XOQ't<lQoil, "AaxavonroA.LV". "E'tOL xaxoAoyiJ9TjXE 6 EUQIJt(bTj~, nro~ 'taxa Mv xa'ti)yE'tO ano EUYEVLXij YEvEa, naQa ano av9Qoono'll~ xa'tro'tEQO'll nOLoil,
acpoil ~oxoAoilV'to ILE EQyaOLe~ 'tfj~ ayoQ(i~. ~V'tL'tL9E't<lL " nATjQocpoQta noil EnfjQE 6 kO'lltba~ ano dAA.oV j3LOYQacpo, 'tOY <l>LA.OxoQo,
:itro~" ILTj'tEQa 'toil EUQIJt(bTj ~'to "nov aq;oo(}a evyevwv", 6TjA. ano
:itoM xaAij OLXoyEvELa.
301
4
I
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rAn~~H~
IIavtw~, o;n xut av aA'll8EU'll, MVJtaQU/lEA~8'llXE
tl aywyiJ xut
tl /lOQCPWOL~ 'tOU.
I
I
I
I'
I'
I'
"
"Evu~ XQ'llO/lO~ EIXE :rtQOEIJtEL O'tOV Mv~ouQXo :rtw~ a ul.o~ 'tou

8a EXEQ~JL~E O'tEcpavou~ VLX'll~ oe b'll/lOOLOU~ ayrovE~. 'EVO/lLOE
AOL:rtOV a CPLAOO'tOQYO~ :rtU'tEQU~, :rtw~ E:rtQE:rtE va 'tOV xav'll aeA'll't~.
"E'tOL a EUQL:rtLb'll~ aoxoA~8'llXE /le 'to :n:arXeaiWV (:rtaA'll xut :rtuY/lUXLU). MVf\/lOVEUOvtUL /laALO'tU xut PQUPEUOEL~ 'tou oe ayrovE~.
"EVWQt~ O/lW~ Eyxa'tEAEL'l\JE 'tOV a8A'll'tLO/lO, 'to'll EQQU;E /laALO'tU
xut AL80v aVU8E/lU't0~ a' EVu a:rtoo:rtuo/lU .:rtov o<b~E'tUL a:rto 'tOV
"AviOAVXO ", XU/lEVO :rtLU oa'tuQLxo bQu/lu:
II
Kaxwv rae OViWV flvetwv xa()' 'EAAaOa

ovoev XaXlOV eonv a()A'f]iWV revov~ ".
1\.oxoA~8'llXE xut /le 't~V ~WYQacpLx~. ZWYQUCPLXOV~ :rtLVUXE~

a:rto 'to XEQL 'to'll EUQL:rtLb'll E:rtEbdxvuuv /le u:rtEQ'llcpaVELU 01.
MEYUQEL~.
ElxE 't~v EU'tUXLU a EUQL:rtLb'll~ va ~~O'll O't~V E:rtOX~ XU'ta 't~V

a:rtOLU EYLVE 'to mo XU'tU:rtA'llX'tLXO :rtVEU/lU'tLXO I;U:rtV'll/lU :rtov ElbE a
xOo/lO~. '0 '1\vuI;UYOQU~ 'tov E/lU'llOE O't~V cpLAOOOcpLU. '1\XOUOE 'ta
/lu8~/lu'tu 'to'll IIQoMxou, 'to'll. IIQw'tuyoQu, 'to'll CPUOLXO'll
'1\QXEAaou XUL, o:rtW~ MVE, ElXE CPLALU /le 'tOV l::wxQa't'll, a a:rtOLO~
U:rtfjQI;E 8uu/luo't~~ 'tou. Kut EV<P bev OUV~8L~E va :rt'llYULV'll 0't0
8EU'tQO, bh acp'llVE XU/l/lLU :rtUQao'tUOL 'to'll EUQL:rtLb'll xut EbLVE
/laALo-ra 't~V yvOO/l'll 'tou xut ax.E'tLxe~ oU/lPouM~ YLa 'ta bQa/lu'ta
'tou. '0 EUQL:rtLb'll~ XU'tELXE O:rtOUbULU LbLW'tLX~ PLPAL08~x'll.
'1\VUCPEQE'tUL O'tL ~O'llOE a:rto'tQuP'llY/lEVO~ a:rto 'tOV XOO/lO O't~V
l::UAU/lLVU, oe EVu a:rtO/lBQO :rtUQUALUXO O:rt~AULO, :rtov 'to BlxB bLUOXBuaOBL oe XU'tOLXLU xut O:rtoubUO't~QLO. 'Exei /lBAB'tO'llOB xut
EYQUCPB 't~ 'tQUYqlMB~ 'tau. Au'to 'to O:rt~AULO ~'tUV YVWO'tO ro~ 'ta
XQOVLU'tO'll IIALvLou (A' -B' ut. /l.x.) xut 01. l'tOUQLO'tB~" EXBLV'll~ 'tfj~
E:rtOXfj~ :rtov Ecp8uvuv ro~ 't~V l::UAU/lLVU bev I;BXVO'llouv va 'to
EmOXBcp80'llv.
"O/lW~ UU't~ tl a:rtO/laXQ'UVOL~ 'tou a:rto 'tOV XOO/lO 'to'll ExaQLOE
avtLb'll/lO'tLXO't'll'tU. T~v 'tam va a:rtO/lOVOOVB'tUL 't~V EeBOOQ'llOUV
302
......
bn
MA8HMA26ov
aA.asovda xa\' nEQLcpQOVf)OL, a<pou !lO:A.L<rta "xa avarqeo; ecpaivsr:o xa fllaOYSAW;".
cH swi) 'Wl) mXQ0:8f)XE
Mo a't'llXEL YO:!lO'll.
To 408 nX., YEQO mo:, acpf)oE YLa no:v'ta 't~v 'A8i)va xa\' !lE'tE~f) o't~v MaYVf)ota 't~v 'AOLavi). T~v nOA.L alh~ 't~v ElxE xaQtoEL 6
'AQ'taSEQsf) O'tov 9E!lLO'tOXA.fj, o'tav 6LWY!lEVO
't~v 'A8i)va
eIXE xa'tacpuYEL o't~v nEQ(JLX~ AUA.i). TWQa 't~v X'llPEQvouoav
anoyovOL 'tOU 9E!lLO'tOXA.EO'll, fmo'tEA.EL o'tov paOLA.Ea 'toov
TIEQOOOV.
l:'t~v Mayv'r)ota eYLvE 6EX'tO !lE OEPaO!lO,
!lE OEPaO!lO 80.
'tov Mixov'tO xa\' o't~v !laxQ'llv~ l:LXEA.La, ono'll noA.A.o\' 'A8f)vaLOL
atX!lO:A.w'tOL, anayyEA.A.oV'ta !lovoA.6yO'll i\ 'tQayo'll6wV'ta XOQLXO:
'to'll, eyM'twoav
'to. CPQLX'ta 6ELVa 'tfj atX!laA.woLal xa\' 'to.
nOLf)'tLXa aQLO'tO'llQyi)!la'ta 'tOU EUQLnt6f) eYLVav yvwo'ta o't~v
nEQLox~ 'tou OLXEA.LW'tLXOU EA.A.f)VLO!lOU:
ano
ano
onw
ano
w;
"EVLOl De xa M EVelJtioqv eaw()qaav. MaALaW yae,

emxs, 't'(vv eX7:o; 'EAAf}VWV eJto()qaav avr:oiJ 7:ijv floiJaav of Jtse
~lxsAiav' xa fllXea 't'(vv acplxvovfl8VWV exaa7:ou oeiyflaw xa
ysvflaw XOfll~OV7:WV eXflav()avovu; ayaJtq7:w; flsuOiooaav
aUf}Aol;. Tou yoiJv cpam 7:WV aW()8V7:WV o'txaos avxvov;
aam1.aaa()at 7:0V EVelJtioqv cplAOcpeOVW;, xa olqys'la()at 7:0V;
f.l8V,
OOVASVOVU; acpei()qaav exoloa~avu;2 aaa 7:WV exeivOV JtOlqf.la7:WV efl8flvqV7:0, wv; 0' au JtAavwflsvol flS7:a dlv
f.laXqv, 7:eocpfj; xa voaw; f.lS7:8Aaf3ov, 7:WV f.lSAWV (iaavu;.
ffiO'lJ't. NLXia~, 29
an
1. IIEA.OJtovvt'Jmuxo~ 3tOA.EIlO, XU't<lO'tQoqJTJ toll ~e'I'Jvu'Cxoll OtOA.O'll otiJv
4XEMU.
2. 'E~ 0-0 XUL ft 3tUQOLIlLU E3tL ayvoO'llIlEVOOV: "YH r:i(}V'l'I'x.ev r; otOaaXEt
Yeaflp.ar:a. "
303
"""
EMHNIKH ArOrH
, I
MA9HMATA APXAIAL EAAHNIKHL rAOHHL
0 ltOLTJ1;~~ eIxe mXQa8'i'j alto 't~v 6'Ua!LEVeLa 'toov ~8'1']vatoov

xal alto 'tOu~ XAe'Uaa!LOU~ 't'i'j~ Koo!Lcp6ta~. 0 'AQLa'tocpaV'l']~ 'tov
AOL60Qoilae !Lovt!LOO~, xal 'to a8'1']va'Lxo XOLVO 'tov E'tL!L'I']ae !LE ltQOO'to
~Qa~eLo !LOVOV 5 CPOQE~.
~ltO 't~v MaYV'l']ata !Lf'tE~'I']' a't~v Maxe60vLa XaA.ea!LEVO~ 'toil
~aOLMoo~ ~QxeAao'U.
Ixavo~ ~aOLAeu~ 0 !Laxe6ffiv ~QXEAao~, eIxe cpLA.060~~aeL va

aV'U'\jJwan 't~v IlEAAa aE XEV'tQO ltVe'U!La'tLXO, xal YL' au'to ltQoaxaAoilae a't~v AUA~ 'to'U cp'l']!LLa!LEVo'U~ avaQWlto'U~ 'toov YQa!L!La'toov
xal 'toov 'texvoov. ~'t~v IlEMa 0 EUQLltL6'1']~ O'UvaV't'l']ae 'tov ltOL'I']'t~
~ya8oova, 'tov !LO'UOLXO TL!Lo8eo, 'tov tooYQacpo Zeil~L xal 'Laoo~ xal
'tov 80'Ux'U6L6'1']. IlOAU 'tL!L'I']'tLXa 'tov vlte6Ex8'1'] 0 ~aaLA.ev~. Ma xal
EUQLltL6'1']~ 'tOil Exa!Le Eva 600Qo: EYQa'\jJe a't~v IlEAAa, YLa va
ltaLx8'i'j a'to 8Ea'tQo 't'l']~, 'tov "':4('xeAao", 'tQaycp6La EfLltVe'Ua!LEV'I']
alto 't~v too~ xal 'tl~ lteQLltE'teLe~ 'toil ~QxeAao'U, altoyovo'U 'toil
HQaxMo'U~ xal L6Q'U'toil 't'i'j~ 6'Uvaa'teLa~. no. 'to 8Ea'tQo IlEAAa~
EYQa'\jJe O't~v Maxe60vLa. xal 't~ "Bcixxer;".
~'t~v lta'tQL6a 'to'U M 8EA'I']ae ij Mv ltQoAa~e va Ema'tQE'\jJ'I'].
~ltE8ave O't~v IlEMa, ltL8avw'ta.'ta 'to 407. "O'tav !La8ev't'l']xe O't~v
~8~va 0 8ava'to~ 'to'U, 0 ~OCP(tXA'i'j~ EcpoQeae ltEv8L!L'I'] Ev6'U!LaaLa
xal ltaQo'UaLcltoV'ta~ "-rov xo('ov xat V:n:OX('l-rCZr; iia-recpavd)'fov~ BV
-rcj) :n:('oaycj)vl" ("Bio~") altEOltaae 'to. 6axQ'Ua 'tOil 6~!L0'U.
"OltOO~ YQacpeL xal 'to Ae~Lxo 'toil ~0'Ut6a, 'tov xa'tealtaQa~av
01, x'UV'I']ye'tLxot axvAOL 'toil ~QxeAao'U.
'E'tacp'l'] a't~v Maxe60vLa. 01, ~8'1']vaLOL 'tov E'tL!L'I']OaV !LE xevo'tacpLo. ~ ltA'I']QocpoQLa 'toil "BLO'U" YLa 'tov a'Uv8E't'l'] 'toil EmYQa!L!La'tO~ EltaVOO o'to xevo'tacpLO, 'taAav'teve'taL !Le'ta~u 'toil Lo'tOQLxoil
80'Ux'U6L6'1'] xal'tOil !LeAoltOLoil TL!L08Eo'U. IlaV'too~ 0 ltQoo'to~ O'tLXO~
8'U!LLteL 't~v cpQaOL alto 'tov 80'Ux'U6L6'1'] "iivo(,wv B:n:tcpavwv :n:iiaa
yfj -rcicpo~". To EltLYQa!L!La eIvaL 'to E~'i'j~:
304
I
so
(0.lUM1V Alp..o 5(l)1 00:x '5SJchD%ODA'9 9u'9

5<:9ch 9.10 1l>.lAOXO~ ~ou D.lnrlA.~oDuo) 50.00').UDU 1D% 5,!AlulDA.ihu
,!O ~ A(l)SJchDOUCl.O A(l)TI~ DA3Tip% ,!O D.lDTiO~uoou'9 D.ll>.lcpA.O"{Ol~'9
1D% DTI0:u;Ti~U !J.e(l)Ol>1Q ACl.oX~ ADOUe~X~ ~ou D.ll>Ti~OQ ~.l 9uV.
1l>.l13.l
-ug01chTi'9 II~OD!.!-JII o. 011 '9nf}V I1"l If 1J13l1"ltt1rblll ~ 1D% 1I1vXX~HII
1D ADOUeX~Q1Q~ 0.0.l 9.lDA~e A9.l ~.l3W of/l,w"(xt}Y '~h:LD~iiO,
'1VDD1t1,JOCP '1M:tr'iL 'vii:LXf(lL ~lOiit}VL I1"l If 1J13l1"ltt1rbl ~39~('Oii..L
'tI,w/-, ~0tt3t19tt1vW. ~!JYxviin, '~391:L~xJ. 'hd~X'iI. 'hZ~tloii9"'V.
~oii9rbhttVrb3:LD ~O:ul"(9JtJtL '1v913"(xviin, '1J1391fW. ~1:LDhxrv:
:0.0.l DA.O~ DA3Ti9~(l)O~.L 'lIf/1,W"(Xt}YII '} '9%100..ll>O DTiVOQ DA~ 1DX
531QroA.DO.l 8T ADOUecp031 D.ll>Ti~OQ o').Q D.lA~A3A~ 3c/tDOA.3"
D1TiooQ0.l
-DTiO~ ,!O (5U.l10.l1D% 5U03.l').3Q '5u.lcpou) 5U%lA l>1A~ch3.l0 Dl0.l130lQ
-03% 3X13 l>1uTi').,,{o. ~.10 AD.lQ 'UQ~1g1%"{Y. A9.l ~1A. OATig, 0%1A1U~ ADA~
1% 3c/tDOA.~ 1.lQ 3Tio.oA1DeDTi 5u01U~ OXOD.l').O,,{II A9.l 9uV. 'D1"{3x1~
A~.lO A(l)lDAuev. A<:9.l 50.lDTicpO Q.0%1.l0.3.ll>O.1O%~ Q.0.l 5~00%3A 5~0.l
~A. 130SJeACl.O 3X13 ~ou DTiTiDM1u~ 9.l 1l>.l130U.ll>1Q OXOD.l').O,,{II A9.l~
D.lDTi~10U ~%100."{ Dm 1D% 5313A.3"{~ 1D% 3c/tDMj! 5uQ1l10'}3 O.
'uQ1l10'}3 ~.lU10U 9%1.lDTiDOQ M?.l1D% oXo"{1oltAw '?10U08~ A9.l
'5000:u;Ti~ O.l~ 5010U'} '} 'uQ1XoDOUAW M?.l :5').01A. 5130.l 30uchv,.
A<:9X1A.DO.l A<:910.l
A<:9.l 100Q%~ uTiuo1u~ U.lcpou A~.1O ugSJoou 5010U'} '} 'o.OA.O').oxo.v
5000.l~0 Q.0.l A10D.l90U ~.lD% '0.00').A01V OO.ll>SJe 9.l0 50.0SJ,,{%ocho~
Q.0.l 1D% o.o"{').XolV Q.0.l 53.lA~10QA'9 5~0.l ,!Ti 1~DTi D.lA~10QA'9
AOA1%"{~X ADOU.lO~ Q.0.l 101DAUev. 10 DA<:91D OA3Ti9u~ A9.L
"13XJl IWIt11)2JlItf!:L ?'DX Itwn02 u~ '5'Drtli)~:L

S11)D fJ 0rl :t{> l?noll "1'DItYOy. 'S~n'il. 5o{>~n3:..{> 5?0:L'D1l
'aO'J(j 'Drlo~:L O:L'D~~{> 0321} 'MP{>3U'DW y!..
13Xq.{> 'D~W9 'a0((J2t10(KFI p'D2t'rJ Sl?ntl. It:t rl 'DrI!JttW
J\09~
VIIIIH8VIIII
EMHNIKH ArOrH
I.
MA6HMATA APXAIA~
EAAHNIKH~ rAOnH~
"Ano 'tl~ 23 'tE'tQUAOYLE~ nov eYQa'lVE 0 EVQIJtL&'Il~, nEvcE f,tovuXu e'tLf,t~8'1louv f,te nQo)'to ~Qu~ELo.
IIuQ' OA'Il TiJv &'UOf,tEVELU 'tfj~ enLO'llf,t'll~ 'XQL'tL'Xfj~, 'to EVQV'tEQO
'XOLVO 'to:lV "A8'1lVULOOV OU(llO:l~ 'tov nQo'tLf,toUOE.
'0 EVQIJtL&'Il~ 'X'UQLOAE'X'tL'Xa. AU'tQEV't'll'XE oe OAOV 'tov eAA'IlVL'XO
'Xoof,to. '0 M. "AA.Ef;uv&Qo~ 'Xu'ta. 't~v e'XO'tQu'tdu 'to'U 'tov ELXE O't~v
'XLV'Il't~ 'to'U ~L~AL08~'X'Il.
'R qJ~f,t'll 'to'U cmAro8'1l'XE 'XUL ef;oo ano 'tov 'EAA'IlVLOf,tO. '0
'IOVALO~ KdLouQ, f,te O'tLXO'U~ 'tOU EVQlJtL&'Il (OLV. 504-506) qJUVEQOOVE 't~v qJLAUQXLU nov qJAOYLtE 'ta. OOO8L'XU 'to'U, 1 onoo~ 'Xul 0
'O'X'ta~LUVO~ oe O'tLXO 'tou EVQIJtL&'Il nUAL 'XU'tEqJ'UYE (oLV. 599),
YLa. va. UhLOAO~0'll 't~v nOAL'tL'X~ 'to'U.2 '0 nOL'I'J't~~ LA~f,tOOV &'IlAroVEL nro~ &ev 8a. ELXE 'XUVEVU &LO'tUYf,tO va. 'tEQf,tU'tLO'll 't~V tOOfJ 'to'U,
UV ~'tUV ~E~ULO~ nro~ 8a. OUVUVCOUOE 'tOV EVQIJtL&'Il:
El rai~ al'f](}etat~ ol r:e(}v'f]u6r:e~
a'ta(}'f]av elxov, avc'5(}e~ w~ q;uaiv rve~,
aJr'f]y~afi'f]V av, war:' loeiv EV(}lJtLO'f]V.
'I
II
'R ~UOLAeLU 'to'U nUQu!-\EVEL a'XAOV'Il't'll 'Xul o'tov~ NEO'U~

XQovo'U~. '0 PU'XLVU~, 0 KOQV~ALO~, 0 ~LAAEQ, 'tov f,tEAE'tOUV 'Xul
nQoonu80uv va. 'tov f,tLf,t'll80uv. '0 ThdL'tE, 8u'Uf,tuO't~~ 'XL uV'to~ 'Xul
f,tLf,t'll'tfJ~ 'to'U, 0XL nOAv nQLv nE8uV'I'J, YQUqJEL o'to 'Rf,tEQOA.6YLO 'to'U:
"~m) rov uat(}o rov Ev(}lJtio'f], exovv yevV1jaet ala ra. e(}v'f] rov
u6afiov uaveva O(}afiarOv(}y6, JrOV va elvat a~w~ va rov Jra'f] ri~
Jravrovq;le~; II
~'tLXOL ano u&'IlAO &Quf,tU 'to'U, nov 'tov~ &LEOOOOE
0 KJ.,~fi'f]~ 0
~e~avo(}ev~:
"OlfJw~ aart~ rij~ larO(}La~
eaxe fia(}'f]aw ...

1. ~AO'tQOlV av EA.8OL!1L uL8EQO~ 1tQo~ UV(l1;OA.U~ )(UL yi'j~ EVEQ8EV, /)uvu'to~ rov
/)Qdom 'tU/)E, 'tiJv 8EOOV !1EYLO't1jV &m' EXELV 't1JQUVVL/)U.
2. 'AoCPUA.iJ~ YUQ EO'tL U!1ELVOlV 1\ 8Qu<riJ~ O'tQu't1jM't1j~.
306
MA9HMA26ov
L\L<lAEyovta~ 6 EUQL3ti.b'r]~ 'tt~ mo :n:a8'r]'tLxe~ u:n:08EoeL~, :n:aQo'UOLu~eL 'tl,~ mo oxo'teLve~ b'UvUf,.LeL~, :n:ov CPWALU~O'UV o'tU ~a8u'teQa
xal, ~ocpeQro'teQa o:n:~Aa.La 'ti1~ '4''Uxi1~. Tu y'Uva.Lxe'La :n:Qoow:n:a
xa'tEXo'Uv :n:Qw'teuo'Uoa 8EOL: 1\.vbQof,.LuX'r], 'IcpLYEveLa, IIoA'Ul;Ev'r],
'Exu~'r], M~beLa, ai.bQa ..
'E:n:Lo'te'Ue :n:cb~ ot av8Qw:n:OL elvm :n:uvto'te ot tbLOL , ouv au'tov~
nov o'Uvav'tuf,.Le xu8e f,.LEQa, YL' au'to 6 EUQL:n:i.b'r]~ :n:Au8eL 'tov~
&v8Qro:n:0'U~ "olo{ law", o:n:w~ eIvm.
Me 'ti]v EXQ'r]l;L 'tou IIeAo:n:ovv'r]OLaxou :n:OAEf,.LO'U eO'tQu'te'Uoe
tOV Ea'U'to 'to'U o'ti]v u:n:'r]Qwi.a 'ti1~ &e'r]vaLxi1~ :n:OAL'tLXi1~. Ti]v 0:n:0'Ubmo't'r]'ta 'tfj~ 'A8~va~, 6 EUQL3ti.b'r]~ 'ti]v eXCPQu~eL f,.Le 'tQ'UcpeQo A'UQLOf,lo o'to r' l::'tUOLf,.LO 'ti1~ "M"oeta.~", a:n:oxoQucpwf,.La e:n:ai.vwv YLU
'ti]v "~Maoa .fj~ ~AAaoo~" 1...
EUQ'r]f,.La tbLXO 'to'U eIvm 6 IIQoAoyo~, 6 6:n:0'L0~ :n:aQeLxe yLU 'to
EQYO 'tt~ :n:A'r]QOCPOQi.e~ :n:ov a~f,.LeQa bi.bo'Uv 'tU :n:QoYQuf,.Lf,.Lam 'toov
8ea.'tQLxoov:n:aQao'tuaewv.
'H YO'r]'teLa 'tou aaf,.La'to~ 'to'U Eowae xat 'ti]v 1\.8~va a:n:o 'ti]v
xa'tao'tQocpi] xal, 'tov~ l:::n:aQ'tLu'te~ a:n:o 'ti]v v'tQo:n:i] vu yi.vo'Uv
xa'tao'tQocpeL~ 't'r]~.
""Q na.(}{~,
e'{()e nav'Ce~ Ot vawva{ ae oVu.o qJtAo'{ev dJ~ 8yW ".

(~:'ttxOL 'tou EUQL:Jttl)o'U, 'toiJ~ <'>noto'U~
l)WOo)OE <'> Q~'tO)Q A'UxouQYo~
-Ka'tO: AEo)XQO:'tO'U~, 100)
1. "'EeeX(Jewat 1:0 .7taAawv OA/JW, (Jewv .7tawe~ /laxaewv, leeii~ xwea~
ci..noe(J'Jjmv (bro, cpee/JO/levOL "AeLV01:a1:aV aocptav... "

307
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MAE>HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHL
-HAOYTAPXOY AYIANAPOI (15)

ME'tU 'tilv ~'t'tu 'tOOV 'A8'11vULOOV a3to 'tOiJ~ l:3tUg'tL<hE~
(IIEAo3tovv'l10LUXO~ IIoAE!lo~), 6 e'l1~ULO~ "EgLuv80~ Eto'l1yi)8'11XE
i
!
!
I
O'tOV Auouvbgo VU xu'tUOXO.'ljJO'UV 'tilv 'A8i)vu, v' aqJi)oo'Uv O!lOO~

xoogo YLU VU ~ooxo'Uv 'tU 3tgo~u'tu:
" ... 7:0 f,lev aa7:V xuwaxa1jJut, 7:qv Oe xweuv aveivat f,lrJ)"opo7:OV... Elw, avvovaiar; yevof,levrJr; nov 1Jyef,lovwv 1raea n07:ov, xat
nvor; C/Jwxiwr; (iaav7:0r; ex 7:fjr; Evet:1fwov 'HUX7:ear; 7:qv naeooov,
1"
e!)
,
rJr; rJ aeXrJ:
"'Ayaf,lif,lvovor; OJ xoea,
fj).,v()ov, 'HUx7:ea, n07:t aav ayeOUteav av).,av"
... 1tC.lvWr; emx).,ava()fjvat xat qJavfjva axe7:Awv eeyov
7:qv OV7:Wr; evx).,ea xat 7:0W1J7:0Vr; avoear; qJeeovaav no).,w,
eve).,eiv... "
-AESIKON IOYiAA:
EugL3tw'l1~ MV'rJoagxo'U
*
ij MV'rJ0ugXL()o'U XUL
KJ..eL'to'O~, oi qJw-
yOV'tE~ Et~ BOLOO'tLaV !lE't<pX'I10UV, Ehu EV 'tfj ~'t'tLXfj. OUX aA'I18E~ bE

ro~ AUXUV03tOOAL~ ~v ~ !li)'t'l1~ uu'to'O. KUL yug 'toov oqJobgu EUYevOOV
E1:uYXUVEV ... EV bE 'tfj bLu~aoEL 8eg~0'U EX'UOqJogEL'tO U3tO 'tfj~

!l'l1'tgo~, XUL E'teX8'11 xu8' ilv ~!lEgUV "EM'I1VE~ E'tgE'ljJUV'tO IIEgou~.
rEYOVE ()E 'tu 3tgoo'tu tooygaqJo~, ELW !lu8'11'til~ IIgobLxo'U !lEV EV
'tOL~ g'l1'tOgLxoL~, l:ooxga'to'U~ ()E EV 'tOL~ ,,8LXOL~ XUL qJLAOOOqJOL~.
~Li)XO'UOE be XUL ~vu~uyogo'U 'to'O KAUtO!lEVLO'U, E3tL 'tgUyq>bLUV ()E
E1:ga3t'l1 'tov 'Avu~uyoguv tbwv u3too'taV'tu xLvMvo'U~ bL' a3tEg
Etofj~E MY!lu'tu. l:x'U8goo3to~ be ~v 'to ~80~ XUL af.tELbil~ XUL qJEUyoov 'ta~ O'UVO'UOLU~, MEV XUL !lLOOyUV'I1~ ebo~ao8'11.1 "EY'l1!lE bE
O!lOO~ 3tgoo't'l1v !lEV XOLgLV'I1V 8'UyU'tEgU MV'I1OLMxo'U, E~ ~~ eOXE
MV'I10LAOXOV XUL MV'I10UgXLb'l1v XUL EUgL3tL()'I1V. 'A3tOOOa!lEVO~ bE
1. k'to~aLO: "ITEQL EVQlJtl~o'U 'tL fJ.eyev O'tL flLOoyUVI] eL1'), 'Xut 0 koc:po'XM'j,
"&,..}..' oV'X Ev ye "tf\ 'X}"'LVI) " , ec:p1')"
- "Ei.3t6vto kOC:PO'XI...eL'tLVO On flLOOyUVI] emiv EVQIJt~, Ev ye 'tUt; 'tQUYCP~[aL,
ec:p1') koc:po'XAfi' btt Ev ye 'tfi xA.Lvn c:ptAoyUVI]." ('ABt']vULO- 'EJtL'tOflTJ 2, 2, 101)
308

MA9HMA26ov
'talJ'tTjv eox xaL ()E'U'tEQaV, xaL 'tau'tTj~ <>l-t0LW~ UXOA.aO'tO'U JtLQa8L~. ~JtaQa~ ()E u3t" ~8Tjvoov ~A8 JtQO~ ~QXEAaOV 'tOV ~aOLMa
MaxMvwv, JtaQ' 4> ()Lfjy <lxQa~ UJtOAaUWV 'tLl-tfj~. "E'tEA.eU'tTjO ()E
uJto EJtL~O'UAfj~ 'AQQL()aLO'U 'tOU Max()ovo~ xaL KQa'tEua 'tOU
8't'taAou, JtOLTj'tOOV oV'twv xaL qJ80vTjoaV'twv au'tq>, JtELoaV'twv 't
'tov ~aOLMw~ OLXE'tTjV 'toiJvOl-ta A'UOLl-taxOV, L' I-tvoov uYOQa08EV'ta,
'to'U~ ~aOLMw~ OU~ e'tQqJE au'to~ xuva~ EJtaqJELVm au'tq> .. l
*
H I:DHAIA TOY EVPIIIIMI!:TO NHI:I THI: I:AAAMINAI:
TL uJtoxaAuJt'to'UV uQxai~ l-taQ't'UQi.e~
(~:7tO 't~v EqJ1]tJQiba XPONOrPAO~ 'to'U IIELQaLO>~, 7112/94)
6Ev
"~'to XLI-tVO EvO~ oxoALaO'tOU 'tfj~ UO'tEQTj~ uQxmo'tTj'to~, Jtov

YVWQL~O'Ul-tE 'to ov0l-ta 'to'U, ()La~a~o'Ul-tE YLa 'tov EUQLJtL()Tj:
" ... cpaat 6f: avrov iv 2a).af-livl a:n;fJ).alOv xaraaxevaaavra

ava:n;voqv exov el~ rqv (M).aaaav ixeiae OlrJf-leeeVeLV cpevyovw
7:0V OX).ov, o()ev xat ix rij~ ()a).aaarJ~ ).af-lfJavel 7:(i~ :n;).etov~ ui)v
0f-l0lwaewv, axv()ew:n;o~ OS xat avvvov~ xat avarrJeo~ icpaivero
xat f-ltaoye).w~ xat f-ltaoyvvrJ~... "
~E I-tLa <lAATj l-taQ't'UQLa EVO~ 1o'toQLxou 'tou 30'U JtX. at.... 'tOu
LA.0xoQo'U, ~QLox'tm I-tLa UX0l-tTj LOX'UQO'tQTj 'tau'tLoL~. TL~ l-taQ't'UQi.e~ 'tou lllLA.oxoQo'U XQTjOLI-t0JtOLTjO Eva~ QWl-taLo~ ovYYQaqJEa~, <>
Aulus Gellius, <> <>JtOLO~ e~Tjo 'tov 20 I-tX. at. '0 rEMLO~ EJtLOXEqJ8TjXE 't'l1v 'A8~va xaL <lME~ JtEQLOXE~ xaL EJtLO'tQEqJOV'ta~ o't'l1 PWl-tTj
EYQa'tjJE Eva ~L~ALO I-tE EV't'UJtWOEL~, 'to "Noctes Atticae". 'EXEL ML:
".. :0 c.ptAOXOeO~ avacpeeel Oil arqv vijao 2a).af-liva v:n;aexel a:n;fJAato ovaaewro xat re0f-laXilXO, ro o:n;oiov imaxecp()fJxaf-le xat
a7:0 o:n;oiov 0 EVel:n;iorJ~ eyeacpe reaycpOie~". 'H ~JtTjALa 'tOU
ALaV'to~... MVE 01 uQxmoAOYOL, dvm I-tLa oJtTjALa ()'UoaQEO'tTj, JtOAV
~EO't~, <'J'UOJtQOOL'tTj xaL OXO'tELV~. Etvm 1-tLfJ. oJtTjALa 'tQOl-tax'tLx~.
~. "XQovCP b' UO''tEQOV EVQL:7tLbou Ev UAO'EL '&LVL :7tQo 't'ii~ :7t6AE{J)~

~QE!101iv'tO~, 'AQXEAaotJ b' E:7tL XUV1]YEO'LOV ESEA8oV'to~, 'to>V O'XUAaX{J)V
U:7tOAu8EV't{J)V U:7tO 'to>V XUV'l]YO>v xaL :7tEQL'tUXOV't{J)V EVQL:7tLbn, bLEO':7taQaX81] xa'ta~Q{J)8EL 0 :7tOL1]'ttl' "
309
zq
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~
rAOHHI
<Y":rtclQX0'UV Of,tW\; 'XuL aAAE\; :rtUQUMOEL\; 'XUL aAAE\; f,tUQ't'UQLE\;.

8'Uf,tLt;,E'taL O'tL 'to: "IIEQLo'tEQLu" ELVaL a'Xof,trJ 'XuL OiIf,tEQU 'XuM
aY'X'UQo~OALO. AEV ELVaL a:rtLSuvo, mO'tEUO'UV ot aQXULOAOYOL, vo:
XQrJOLf,tO:rtOLOUOUV 'to L6LO f,tEQO\; OO:V ALf,tclVL 'XuL ot M'U'XrJVULOL, ev<p
it SEOL\; 'tOU OQf,tO'U OE 0'Uv6'Uuof,t0 f,tE 't~V O:rtrJALO: f,t:rtOQEL vo: O'UV6ESfj 'XuL f,tE EVUV aAAO 'tom'Xo f,tuSO :rtov aqJoQQ. 'tOV TEU'XQO, 'tOV
E-tEQOSUAfj a6EAqJo 'tOU LUAUf,tLVLO'U ALuno\; 6 6:rtOLO\; uiho'X'toVTJOE o't~v TQOLU. Tov TEU'XQO 'tov E6LW~E 6 :rtU'tEQU\; 'to'U, 6 TEAUf,tOOV,
o'tuv e:rtEO'tQE'ljJE a:rto 't~v TQOLU XWQL\; vO: qJEQrJ f,tut;,L 'tOV VE'XQO 'tOU
a6EAqJou 'to'U. Tov E6LW~E, o:rtW\; av'uqJEQE'taL a:rto EVUV :rtOLrJ't~
eEMrJVLO'tL'XWV XQovwv, 'tov A'U'XoqJQovu.
IIoAAO: a:rto 'to: EVQiIf,tuW uv'tfj\; 'tfj\; avuo'XuqJfj\; EX0'UV f,tE'tUqJEQSfj, f,tE 't~v qJQov'tL6u 'tOU 'X. I. AE'XO'UAcl'XO'U 'tfj\; B I 'EqJOQELU\;
IIQo'Co'toQL'Xwv 'XuL KAUOL'XWV 'AQXaLo'tiI'twv, o'to MO'UOELO
IIELQaLw\; YLO: o'UV'tiIQrJorJ, 'XuL 'to: V:rtOAOL:rtU qJ'UAclOOOV'taL o'to
MO'UOELO LUAUf,tLVO\;, ev<p f,tLU OL6EQO:rtOQ'tu :rtov 'Xa'tUO'XE'UclO'trJ'XE
O'tOV Nuuo'tuSf,tO 'tfj\; LUAUf,tLVO\; :rtQOO'tU'tEUEL 'tOOQU 't~V to'tOQL'X~
O:rtrJALcl."
- (Ele; Ko(}w()ov), "fivijfia ean TOle; MYJodue; :n:ataiv' d)v ovofiaw

fiiv acptat Mi(}fie(}Oe; ua <Pi(}qe;, um:aAt()w()ijvat 08 v:n:o Ko(}w()iwv
AiyOVWl, TWV OW(}WV lveua d)v Ttf navurJ uOfiWat cpaav aVTOVe;'
a:r:e 08 wi) ()avawv ... ov up otuairp yevofiivov, ra riuva
KO(}tv()twv Ta vfJma... ecp()ei(}eTO. "
(llatloav. KOQLv8La'X.Ct ill-6)
- "Ev(}t:n:ioqe; fierayet riJv acpayiJv rwv :n:aiowv e:n: riJv MfJoetav,

a:n:oacpayijvat ya(} rove; :n:aloae; Mqodae; v:n:o Ko(}w()iwv, :n:aQo;vv()ivrwv e:n: up j3aatAeVetV avriJv ()iAew Ota TO KOQw()ov
:n:aTQrpav avrije;... "
(eE"-AaVL'X.O Frg. 133, '2."/..0"-. EVQL3t.)
310
1/:,1
11
(rot 'U0 9U V '<PAl.)
,,M.9 0g AVAaXctm~U AOOal.O~XctWctg ct"{y,e <?l. mOQ 'n-am u ;'''{goU'1
'''Aroti9Q A08,,{Y,~~ '53X1VAM m18A)00)l
vIZ
M.!)XVX 501l.lV 52.Q M.!)l. 3D 108'9,,{ I,tti 'Q.3Z

~m.Cr,> A13X3l. ~ AO,,{,,{yti A1> .ti1OW8 mAy,l.O
VQ)UOll .OVU A1> 5')0l. 5 AV)QOVX 30o.vuj1 AC(>"{Oti ro~j1
'MPM~ ml.U8 X1> AOQAj1 510l. AVl.2 '.Q OI,tAV.
.A13 9v"{
50l.vti<p0 3l. AUl.9U03Q 'm80V)OU A109u
1J,"{0903U'} Arol.'9tiUOX 13Q A'i!ti Vl.q)ou 5r,>
rA9l.o.ch AOl.Vl.<P1,,{811 A3tiO~ 5~XIVAM
13Xj1 AUti<pM l vX vXo.c\ttij1,;L0j1.o2 .Q Arol.A'911
OZ
OS;Z
'\717Z
'QUW
1 '10
5vQ'9A.u"{utio.3: 5v~Avo.x AVIv 5~ AroXW)I

3ch W38m: :59 cbo0.L
50ch'9 xo m80 '9l.uD1 Q I,tti 5(J,0A.o
v. ., {
lVA.O"{X3:.
'1J13QIfW aoqJJC10fJ'd
,,ml.3~<p0 Q-O 5100')-l.VO 51Vl.01038 '1o.l.X)V 'Ul.y,l.X0"{1<1> 'DJ3QUW
5UQ)U10Q-3: 50l.)0l. '5y,"{xocho3: 5003l.')-3Q 'Aro)oochQ-3: 50l.q)01l 'IV 13l.j1
I~U 50Q'91utio."{9 '50l.AoX01> o.00<pQ08o.ll lU~ U8X'9Q1Q3:. '5vJ3QuW
5\>choih 'i!Q 13~)A.0"{OOIl AroQ)l.1"{OU Aq)X1DAo.A. X~ A3XUl.D~AC1.0
5\>ooX 'i!Q 9 '&8 A)00)l A~ ml.13x9u '} 50mti'9 0Q (J,0l. l,tAuxo A'i!ti H,
'V)1OU08o.ti ~ ml.13X roO~l.3QQ-0 .ovll
'voo.ooy,x10MO 13A.1V '50Aoo'91 'i!Q u8010roX~ '5,)-0]0. 5o.o)Ql 5~0l.lVX
Vl.AO~O)llVX AUX')-V,,{J A'i!ti 3A13l.X~Ull 'vO~l.VA.o.8 50l.A0~o)l AI,tl. mA
-~XUtiVA.3A. AOAJ3X~ Q,ll. AV08Xj1 VAoo'9I. 5\>ou AI,tl.l?1Q 'D13QY,W"
:IVI:iIVHW AOVlllldA.3:
~~3:90UAAOXllVWWVdJ~ONV~O~~dV
A09~VlfllHeVlfll
III!
c
EMHNIKH ArOrH
Xo.
L~:UO'taVE yUvm,
357
qJEV qJEV, IlEMa 'tWV OWV aXEwv,

JtOL JtO'tE 'tQE'ljJU; 'tLva JtQo~ ~EvLav; ...
6Qa.~ Jt(laxEL~' ...
'EJtLo'taom 6E' JtQo~ 6E xal JtEqJuxallEV
yuvaLxE~' E~ IlEV EoSA' all'TJxaVona'tm,
xaxwv 6E Jt(lV'twv 'tEX'tOVE~ oOqJw'ta'tm.
404
XO.
'A.vw Jto'tallwv LeQwv XWQOVOL mlyaL,

xal6Lxa xal JtuV'ta JtUALV O'tQEqJE'tm...
410
Mtl6.
"'0 ZEV, 'tL 6i} XQ1JOOV IlEV o~ XL~6'TJAO~ ii

'tEXlltlQL' avSQwJtOLOLV O':lJtaoa~ oaqJfj,
av6Qwv 6' o'tql XQi} 'tov xaxov 6LELMvm,
oMel~ xaQax'ti}Q E!lJtEqJ1JXE oWlla'tL;
516
Xo.
"EQW'tE~ lJJtEQ IlEV ayav

EASOV'tE~, oux EMo~Lav
oM' aQE'tuv JtaQE6wxav,

av6QuOLv ...
630
... IlOXSWV 6' oux aMo~ UJtEQSEV i\

ya.~ Jta'tQLa~ o'tEQwSm.
651
[ELOEQXetaL Kat 6 ALYEU~, JtEQa<J'tL%O~ aJto 'tT)V KOQLV8ov:
Mtl6ELa, xaLQE' -o't 663-]
*
'IaoWV: AOXEL~ oJtavL~ELV 6wIla ~aoLAELOv JtEJtAwv,
60XEL~ 6E XQ1JOOV; LW~E, Ili} 6L601J 'tU6E ...
312
960
MA9HMA26ov
MfjO.
... :7tEtSELV MlQU %UL SEO'U~ A6yo~l

XQ'Uoo~ oE %Qdoowv Il'UQtwv A6ywv ~QO'tOL~.
965
'*
MfjO.
... -ilo't', c1 'tE%VU,

M't' ao:7tuouoSaL IlTJ'tQL OE~L(lV XEQU.
"0 q:Jt.A.'tu'tTJ XELQ, q:J1,A'tU'tOv 6E IlOL O'tOIlU
%UL oXf\llu %UL :7tQOOW:7tOV E1jYEvE~ 'tE%VWV ...
... c1 IlUASU%O~ XQcb~ :7tVEUIlU S' ijOLO'tOV 'tE%VWV.
XWQEL'tE XWQEL't' OU%E't' ELIlL :7tQOO~A.E:7tELV
oLu 'tE :7truOu~, aAM. VL%OOllaL %U%OL~.
KUL lluvSuVW IlEV otu 'toAllfjow %U%U,
S'UIlO~ OE %Qdoowv 'tOOV EllooV ~O'UAE'UIlU'twv,
OO:7tEQ IlEytO'tWV UL'tLO~ %U%OOV ~QO'toL~...
1080
1273
XO.
rraLOE~:
1070
Nut, :7tQo~ SEOOV aQfj~u'tE ...
1277
1308
'luo.
Tt 0' EO'tLV;
Xo.
rrruOE~ 'tESVUOL XELQL IlTJ'tQc.O~...

nUAU~ avot~u~, ooov 'tE%VWV o'ljJU q:Jovov.
1309
1313
'luo.
"0 IlLOO~, c1 IlEYL<J'tOV EXStO'tTJ yUVaL

SEoL~ 'tE %aIlOL :7tUV'tL 't' avSQc.O:7tWV YEVEL,
i]'tL~ 'tE%VOLOL OOLOLV EIl~UAELV ~tq:Jo~
E'tATJ~ 'tE%OUOU, %UIl' U:7taLO' a:7tc.OAE<JU~
%UL 'tUU'tU OQuoua' ijALOV 'tE :7tQOO~A.E:7tEL~
%UL yruuv, EQYOV 'tAUOU 6'UOOE~EO'tU'tOV.
1323
1. "A.iiiQu XUL eEO'U~ nUQTJnU(pev" -IAMBOI- Mean.
313
EMHNIKH ArOrH
"OAOL' eyro ()e vuv qJQOVW, 'toi' OU qJQOVWV,

oi'ex MllwV OE ~UQ~elQO'U i'
X90vo
EM'r)V e oIxov tlYOIl'r)V, xuxov IlEyU.
... OUx eO'tLV ~'tL 'toui' elV 'EAA'r)VL YUVT]
e'tA'r)
cbV yE nQoo9EV ~;LO'UV eyro
yfjlla:L OE, xi'j()O ex9Qov 6Ae9QLOV i' elloL,
Aea:LVUV, ou YUVULXU, T'UQO'r)VL()O
l::xVM'r) exo'Uouv aYQLw'tEQUV qJVOLV.
ano
no9.,
XO.
1339
("Eso6oq)
IIOAAWV 'tUIlLU ZEU ev 'OAVflJtq>...

TOLOV()E anE~'r) 'to()E nQ<lYllu.
(tEAV'tu'i:o O'tLXO)
1419
-AESIAOrION
na:L()ox'tovo, na:L()oqJovo, na:L()OAE'tL, na:L()Ew'tL.
_"H ~wT] 'tOU EUQL:rtL()'r) E:rtLxQel9'r)XE ano Mo a't'UXEL yelIlO'U... II

IIQ~A.
-
'tou O'tLXOV 'tov:
II'l'Q
yuva:Lxda:L 'tEXVa:LOLV ULQE9EL EYro 'telAU". ('EMV'I11779)
_"XQT] ()' EV MIlOLOLV, elV()Qu 'tOY oOqJov

'tQEqJELV YUVULXU XQ'r)O'tT]v xayu9~v, ij Il~ yUIlELV". ('IIJlLY. T.)
-"EL aVT]Q XQELOOWV YUVa:LXWV Il'UQLWV oQ<lV qJelO." ('IIJlLY. ev T.)
IIf!O~
***
UTJpeiwO'w: 'AxOflrt xut 'to ~V~UV'tLVOV ~Qaflu XPITI'O!: II.A}XQN
OVVE'te9rt altO ltEQLXOltE nuv 'tQuyCP~uuv 'toii EVQLJtL~OV:

II
ToiJ ev ay{O~ :n:a7:Qo~ YJpliw FQ'fjyoQov wiJ eeoAOYOV
v:n:o()eal~ oQaflanxij xat' EVQt:n:{o'fjV :n:eQlixovoa
7:ijv Ot' YJWi~ yevofliv'fjv oaQxwalv 7:oiJ 2w7:ijQo~ fJw'iw

1'fjooiJ XQW7:oiJ xal7:o ev avnp xOOflOOW7:1jQLOV :n:a()o~...
314
MA9HMA26ov
vVv TE xaT' Ev(!tJti~1fV

TO XO(JPO(JO)n](!tOV ~E(!ro 1ta(Jo~ II
(rerJY. CgeoAoyoq)
'0 6QUILa:to'UQY0C; 'X.QrtOLILonOLloL Ul,,:OUOLO'UC; 1\ nUQUAAUYILE'VO'UC; O'tL'X.O'UC; ano 'tQuY<!;lMec; 'toil EUQLnL60'U: BaxXat, M1joeta,
'Imr6AV7;o~ x.ut Pfjao~ (06 nOAu ILeyaMC; nooo'trt'tec; O'tL'X.OJ'V) x.u8cbC;
x.ut 'Exa/31], TQwcJ.oe~, '[qJLyeveta, 'AvoQOf,lcJ.X1], 'EUv1], tPo{vLaaaL.
'EnLOrtC; unaQ'X.o'U'V E'VUC; O'tL'X.OC; ano 'tft'V '[ALaoa, O'tL'X.OL ano 'to'V
'A yaf,lef,lvova x.ut 'to'V IlQof,l1]Oea 'tOil AtO'X.UAO'U x.u8roC; X.UL 'tft'V
KaaaavoQa 'toil A'Ux.ocpQO'VoC;. '0 nOLrt'tftC; x.ut o'touC; anoAU'tOJC;
6LX.OUC; 'to'll O'tL'X.O'UC;, l1UVEt~7JTa eV(!tJtt~i~Et.
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' X.ALOLC;
OuM'teQu etc;
-0" ye'V. -ov~ (O'tEM'X.OC;, 'X.QEOC;).
'EnL0rtC;: puo" ~a(Jo~, TEiz0~' O(!O~ (:rtuguyg. 96)

IIQooo'X.it: TO O(!O" (} O(!O~.
TO TEizo" (} TOizo~.
2. ~'U'VnQrtILE'VU etc; -EO) -ro.
JroreO) 1tOtro, aQ'X.Lx.ot 'X.QO'VOL x.ut
ni.'Vux.ec; O'UVUQrtILE'VOJ'V 'tunOJ'V.
(:rtuguyg. 228 fguftft. nug1:~UvotJ)
315
<
'Agla7:0cpaV1]r;
Beargov TiXV1]r; Ka(}';Aov Kovv, ""O(}vtfJer;"
316
MA8HMA27ov
Ma81J'uJ. 270v
E~Amm E~
THN KSlMSlMAN
'Ht'llIlOAOYLXOO~: xWf.lor; xut d)('hl.

Kro,.,o~. AU'LxT) ALOVlJOLUXT) AL'tUVel.U. TQuyo'llbo'Oouv, ex,OQE'lluv xut UO'tEt~OV'tUV nQo~ 'tLIlT)V 'tou ALOVVOO'll, nE~ij xut "E~
a!-la;l1~".
[}:'f\lLeLU)m~: at MEyaQEL<; ot OnOLOL lIW'X.lIL'X.O;:;V -a't'Uxffi~- 'tT]v na'tQo't'f\'ta
'tfj~ KU)lLq>lIi.a.~, 'tT]V E1:'UlLOAOYO;:;v E'X. 'to;:; 'X.c.OlL'f\ 'X.aL <pliTt, lI'f\AallT]
(LOlLa XU)QL'X.ffiv.]
'H UQXULU K{))!-l<!?bLU EYXU'tUAELnEL 'tT)V tm09EOLV 'tOOV !-lv9{))v.

'Ev UV'tL9EOEL nQo~ 'tt~ 'tQuy<!?bLE~ ELOEQXE'ta.L OQ!-ll1'tLXa O"tOV nQuY!-lU'tLXO xOollO. ALUX{))!-l{))bEL nQOO{))nU OVO!lUO'tLXOO~ bL' EnLVOl1!-la'tOlV "etr; OW(}()WOW rj()OVr; :n:(}01:(}e:n:'UXwv". Movov yta 'tQLU XQOVLa.,
'to 440 nX., 'l\ll1qJLo911XE VO!-lO~ 0 onoi:o~ Unl1YOQE'llE 'tT)V nQOO{))1tLxT)
6LUX{))!-lW611OL: "MTj xWIJ,(poefv ef OVOJta.7:0r;" xut "evxooJtiuv BXeW
ev -rofr; ()ea-r(}OLr; ". ME'ta 3 XQOVLU 0 v6llo~ xu'tEM911. 'EnuvijA9E 'to
"ovo{lam'i xW{lq)oefv ".
To bLXUL{))!-lU XQLOE{))~ 'tou eQY0'll uno 'tou~ 9Ea.'ta~ EAEYE'tO
"()w-r(}ox(}a-ria ". 'Ent EnL6oXL!-lUOLU~ EqJWVU~uv "ai'i()tr;" (nQ~A. lL:rtL~-). 'Enl, un060XL!-lUOLU~ EO"IiQL't'tOV. ("Ov JtTjv w.A.a xa'i ()ea-rar;
braX()efr; up On{lq) ov-rar;, eov(}t-r-rov elawv-rar; eir; -ro ()ea-r(}ov").
'H nQw'tl1 unonELQu nUQuO'taOE{))~ K{))Il<!?bLU~, 'to 578 n.X.
eYLVE uno 'tov MEyuQeu l:O'llOUQL{))VU. ot ~911VULOL Mv O"UyxL'V1')911XUV. 'EnEQuouv nEQLnO'll 100 XQOVLU XUL !-l6A.L~ 'to 488 'to dbo~
aQXLoE va uvun'tvooE'ta.L EX VEO'll, !-lE 'tov KQU'tLVO, 'tov KQu'tl1'tu,
'tov EunoALV xul, d.AAO'll~, O'llVOALxa 14 X{))!-lLXOU~ nOLl1'tu~, nQl,v
317
4!Q
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA! EAAHNIKH! rAO!!H!
cp8aOO'lll-tE o'tOV ~QLO'tOcpaVrJ 0 OnOLO~ W()~YrJOE 'ti)v K<.Ol-tq;J()La

o'ti)v aXI-t~. To 486 ~ x<.Ol-tq;J()La EYLVE EnLO~I-t<.O~ ()EX'ti) o'tu MEyaAa
~LovvOLa.
MEXQL'tO 404 aVE()dx8rJoav 41 nOLrJ'tal. ot onoLOL e()<.Ooav 365

x<.Ol-tq;J()LE~.
~XEMv 01.0 'to BaQo~ 'tOU eQY0'll nEQvaEL o'tov XOQ6. '0 XOQo~
'tfj~ x<.Ol-tq;J()La~ ano'tEAEL'taL ano 24 XOQE'll'ta~, ot onoLOL hon08E'tOUV't'o OE oxfjl-ta 'tE'tQaywVo'll, xa'tu 4 O't'LXO'll~. To onO'll()aL6'tEQO
I-tEQO~ 'tOU XOQou, nQo~ 'to I-tEOOV'tOU EQY0'll, QVOl-tasE'taL naQapaOL;. EIVaL eva d()o~ II iVU(}fl eo LO v ". '0 nOLrJ'ti)~ ()Lax6n'tEL 'ti)v
un68EOL xal. anE'll8vVE'taL 0't'0 XOLv6 'to'll. 'ExqJQaSEL 'tu naQanova
'to'll, 'tl.~ nQoo()oxLE~ 'to'll, 'tl.~ nmOL8~oEL~ 'to'll, unEQaonLsE'taL 'tov
ea'll't6v 'to'll ano 't'llXOV EnLeEOEL~. To 't'EAE'll'taLov I-tEQO~ 'tfj~
IIaQaBaoE<'o~ QVol-tasE'taL "llviyo;" ()L6'tL ELXE 't600 YOQylJ anaYYEALa, roO't'E ot anaYYEMOV't'E~ ()EV enaLQvav avanvo~. ~no 'tu XVQLa
xaQaX'trJQLO'tLXU 'tfj~ K<.Ol-tq;J()La~ dVaL ~ nQoo<.OnonoLrJoL~ SW<.OV.
Et()LXi) oQXrJo~ au'tou 'tou EL()O'll~ 'tou ()Qal-ta'to~ dVaL 0 "xoQbaS",
I-tE XLV~OEL~ 'toAl-trJQE~. 'E8E<.OQEL't0 anQEnE~ vu XOQEVE't'aL EX'tO~
oXrJvfj~. ('EWPOAOYlX6)q ex t"OV xeadaivOJ, Jl:OV artpaivel aeiw, Jl:ePA. aelaOJ/:1Jyrtpa).
Mb:(}ov: ~LacpoQa. K'llQL<'o~, 'to tal-tBLXOV 'tQL/-tE'tQOV 11- 11- 11~ 'to 'tQoxa'Cxov 'tE't'Qal-tE'tQov -11 -11 -11 -11.
rAwaaa: 'H Ol-tLAO'lll-tEvrJ a't'tLx~, I-tE an6A'll'trJ EAE'll8EQLa O't'OV
ax.rJl-ta'tLOl-to l-taxQo'ta't<.Ov 0'llV8E't<.OV AE;E<'oV.
n.x. aflq;IJ"C7:0Aeflo11:TJoTJaicn:(}a7:0c;, aq;(}aywovVxa(}yoxOfl~7:aC; (NEcp.331).
I:1]p.EtO)(Jts: "... 7:aic; xWflCPOialC;, ex(}iov7:0 {Ja7:(}axicp 7:(1 11:(}oaw11:a,

11:(}tV buvoTJOijVat 7:U 11:(}oaw11:eia ". yl aV7:CJ xai' "7:U 7:WV XWflLXWV
11:(}oaw11:eia xauaxeva~ov 11:(}0C; 7:0 yeAOlOU(}OV, olov at fleV
oq;(}vec; aV7:wv ~aav oaaeiat xat e11:TJ(}fleval' OfloiwC; DE xat 7:0
Bvovfla aV7:wv odq;e(}e 7:oiJ 7:WV 7:(}aYlxwv V11:0X(}l7:WV. 'Eq;o(}ovv
Xl7:wviaxovc;, ava~v(}ioac; 11:OlxiAac;, 11:0AAU (UAa aAAOX07:a xat
yeAoia. 'Y11:00~fla7:a oe 7:a11:ewu xat Aema, 011:WC; q;aiVWV7:al {J(}axvU(}0 7:WV 7:(}ay lXWV xat avO(}WmVOU(}Ol".
318
4
MAE>HMA 270v
API~TOcIANH~
"Ma'X(}i[> ),oyufn:a7:o~ 'A01]vaiwv 'XaL e1Xpvtg. navw~ vne(}aLewv ".

("Bto~")
'EM'XLO"ta yvOOQLt;,O'llf,tE YLa 'tOV ~QLO"tocpaV'l1. ~QLO'tO'X.QU'tL'X.O,

Et;,'IlOE (lJtO'tQUj3'1lYf,tEVO uJto 'to. 'X.OLva, f,tfJ M6ov'tu 'X.Uf,tf,tLU
uCPOQf,tfJ 00 JtQo 'tfJV L6LOO'tL'X.1i 'to'll t;,oo1i. 'EYEW1i8'1l'X.E 'to 444 Jt.x.
o'tOV Afjf,to K'll6u8'1lvULOOV (IIAa'X.u). Movo 'to'll f,tu 6L6EL 'tfJV JtI.'IlQOCPOQLU cm MO JtOI.V VEO EL'XE 'X.U'tUO'tfj cpul.u'X.Qo!l "'H'to V'tQoJtUI.O 'X.ut CPOj3LOf,tEVO 'X.ut O"tfJV UQ'XfJ 'X.Q'llj30'tUV JtLOOO MO aMO'll
JtOL'Il'ta, JtUQU'XOOQOOV'tU 'to'll 'to. EQYU 'to'll. 2 '~Q'XLOE va YQaCP'll
JtOI.V VEO, EL !)I.L'X.LUV 17 E'troV. Tov 'X.u'tEMooSE 0 6'1lf,tuyooyo
KMoov, 00 f,tfJ YV1iOLOV 'A8'1lvuLov, JtQuyf,tU Jtov 0 'AQLO'tOcpaV'Il
oli6EJtO'tE EI.'IlOf,tOV'IlOE. "O'tuv 'tov 6LU'X.OOf,too6fj, UJtOCPEUYEL U'X.Of,t'll
'X.ut va 'tov OVOf,tao'll. To JtQooooJto 'tou 6'1lf,tuyooyou JtQoj3aMeL uJto
'tel DOU JtEQt ulJ'tou UVUCPEQOV'tUL.
'0 'AQLO'tOcpav'Il, ELVUL CPUVEQO, 6LE8E'tE ESULQE'tL'X.fJ f,tOQCPOOOL.
"'H'to M lm06ELYf,tu .q8L'X.fj. "EYQU'\jJE 43 'X.OOf,tcp6LE. "Ecp8uouv
f,tE'XQL Ef,tU f,tOVOV 11: 'AXU(}vij~, 'Innij~, Necpe),al, 2cpij'Xe~, ElefJv1],
"O(}vdJe~, Avato7:(}a7:1], eeo!tocpo(}ta~ovoal, Ba7:(}uxot, Il),oiJ7:o~,
'E'X'X),1]ata~ovoaf,.
'YJtaQ'XEL 'EJtLYQUf,tf,tU JtQo 'tLf,tfJV 'tou 'AQLo'tocpaVo'll, 'to

oJtoLov UJt06L6E'tUL o'tov IIAa'toovu:
1. BI... xut "EiQtlVl] O'tf:x.o~ 767

2. n.x.. xoo!1cp/)La MITAAm, uno 'to 'ljJE'U/)OOVU!10V LA.oovlI)'YJ~. Koo!1CP/)La
BABYAQNIOI, uno 'to 'ljJE'U/)cbVU!10V Kal..l..Lm:Qato~. (r. MLO'tQt.cb't'YJ~)
II
319
OlE
3.'3.")( Socbo091D3.DTio~O\?
'So'\'1)lcbOmogD"(I3.XM '1Ocbs>03.013A3'\'OXXDO 'm\?JODlODADaocb9
'(l)9~3X+ DTiTi1)lTi '~ 'S019J"{~ S09aX1)lTiTiDTi II ')C'l '1
:A10;>X 50:LDriA.13QDODII ' II 50Q1"{<p1OADXD"{ II 5\!,.1. (1.0.1. 5DO~.1.Uri

5\!,.1. ~A.mA.D.lmG A~.1. 5m10Cl:X 13Qmrimxmv 'DOOCf),,{A. A~.lD OA~ri01.1.1
-3"{X~ 1DX QX1.1.DOXO.1.010~ Q11 300.0ri1.1.001 AQ.1. 50e;>9 1?:LDX ~Q131~
10uri1.1.001 A~.1. (to.1. A~.1.c;tD ucftc,t0X 1?A 5mriQ 300.0eD1OooII '\!,"{xocho3:
AQ.1. Q1~ 1DX 0"{c,tXD1Y AQ.1. Q1~ 1DX 003.1.9001031 3030~ 0.0.1. D10c;t0
A~.lD 1DX A~ UQ1U10c;tH AQ.1. DAO.1.A~ 13~101.1.DO 5ltA;>chO.1.010y,
o.
'11 "(W)l.r;rlJ.DOlt Itqu <?ltp lVX [5m3~n 5/Jl. <?ltp 5mY1J. 9 ~Q 1Dl.3ltJJ
vl.mY1J. It<?l. V01l.urI ~Q 13X'j[" ..lt1.00Vor;X Itml.r;rluOVlt Itm3.9-0103. ItWl.
It/f3. Vf)(WltJV03lt 503.mY1J. lVX 5/JltoQ ,1Q '5vJPJ.J.vltp ,1Q C}o lVX
Itm3.MpoQ '1.03QJ.3 51 03. Itl MOJOOri ItW3. C:3.0r;X 5lomX 'aoJ3yn 5aoO
-1J.3r1 aooJorip lVX 5VJOY3J. 5m3~r;Olt 51.OurlJrll3.0l vJQibrlm)[1I
(SctO"{jll.OW10V; (lO3.
sy.X13.U10II sy.3. Sowrll,tTi3. S03.Ajle03"{01C~ D3.DnA:90DlO 91C~)
5Dlqoniro}l 5~riD100.
'(5j1g10XDA~ 1D3.3U.jI"{~)
'11 1.Ovxfj,oouYJ ltoyaoQ9ltp lVX It<?3.C}v ~Q 5~1t1L '59-0x1r1mx
'ItOO1D3.n1q, 'ltOltwYJq, 'V3.90voV, MrXO 5vQ1Vlt 'aoo3.1r1mxr; lVX
aoo3.1 r1vol.n 5/f3.30(P '5vocpQ0ltuZ ?VX aolt1tJY1q, 5f(1a (5OJ.vltuOv,
50wfj,ltJ. 5<?o3.url xl) uofj,dmoJ.03.1YOltl 501VltUOY. ~Q 13010
(ltvovd)'~ It013.lt9-J.IV ~Q ZO) '5.01QItJV 103.!! '501Q9J '5ultr;ch0l.D1ov,1I
VJ71A:03' NO)JIS~V II
ibltr;ch3W
woaoX 5orl13.901 1D3.D1r19lt31t 5f? II '5D1D,,{H, 5p03I. 5\!,.1. AOQ;>"{X Q1~

AOADch~.lD ~ri \!'emADch3.1.0 1?A ~ri1.1. A~.1. 39D"{~ 5ltA;>chO.1.010
v. o.
II '5aoltr;cho3.D1ov, ItOO~}3 It/fXar/l'1DorJ03.U~ '1D3.1303lt C}0 03ltf?

'lt13gv y 13. 591t3r113. 5n10r;X IVII
~H~~UVJ ~H>"NHW3 ~VI\fXdV V1VIIIIH8VIIII
HJUJV H>lINHW3
, _ _ ..-.l
MA8HMA27ov
Ba:cQaxOl o'tLxo~ 840

('0 AtOX:UAO~ u:n:eu8vvE'taL o'tov EUQlJttb'll):
"'.tU1]Oe~ (!J nal aQovQaia~ Oeov;"
'OlwLoo~, Ba:cQaXOl o'tLxo~ 1047
"~ yaQ
ek Ta~ aA.A.oTQia~ Enoiel~, aVTo~ TOVTOWLV enk"y1]~. "
1nnij~ o'ti,xo~ 19
'Evw 0' au'tilv 'tilv xoo[.tcpMa xa'tacpEgE'taL Evav'tLov 'toil

KMoovo~, oE (iOXE'to 6LaAoyo unaLvi,ooE'taL xaL naAL 'tilv "xoQTa-
QOv" [.t'l1'tEga 'toil EugLnL6'11: "":,, ltol olaa"avOt"ia1]~" (6'11 A. [.til [.tE
ava'Xa'tEU'I1~ [.tE oxaV't~LxLa. -oxav6u;: MXavo).
eeaJlocpoQl(1.~ovaat o'tLxo~ 387
I'uvij: BaQi(J)~ cpiQ(J) oQwaa iJW'i~ nQon1]A.a"l~oJliva~ uno

EVQtnioov TOV Tij~ A.axavon(J)A.1]7:Qia~.
('El; OAWV a:O'twv 0 'X.wIlL'X.O~ KQa'tLVO~ :n:M.8eL 'to Qfillu "euQIJtLbuQLO'tOCPUVl~W" .)
nag' OA' au'ta, et~ 'toiJ~ 1nnij~ unagxo'llv o'tixOL aV'tasLOL EVO~
ALOXUAO'll:
Xogo, (J'tixo~ 565
EUAOY'flOaL ~o'llA6[.tE(J8a 'tOiJ~ na'tEga~ Tt[.twv, (hL
(iV6gE~ ~oav 't'fl06E 't'fl~ Y'fl~ (iSLOL xaL 'toil nEnAO'll,l
OL'tLVE~ nE~aL~ [.taXaLOLV EV 'tE va'llcpgax'tcp o'tga'tq'>
navmxoil VLXWV'tE~ aEL 't"v6' EXOO[.t'l10av nOALV.
au yug oMd~ n<fmo't' au'twv Evav'ti,O'll~ 1.6wv
TJgi8[.t'l10EV, aAA' 6 8'll[.to~ EiJ8iJ~ ~v a[.t'llvLa~.
EL M no'll nEoOLEv El.~ 'tOY ib[.tov EV [.taxn 'tLvi,
'toil't' anE'ljJ"oav't' (iv, eI't' TJgvoilv'tO [.til nEn'tooxEVaL,
aAAu 6LEnaAaLOV ai'i8L~ ....
1. 'EltL 'tou m\ltA01J 'tf\~ 8eii~ ~8'I']vii~ ltUQlm:UV'tO 6u'.t 'X.EV't'lll.Ul'tWV 01 yiyUV'tE~,
01 ~QlOE~, xu8w~ %at <'iV6QE~ ltEQicp'l']IlOL 6u'.t 'tT]v UV6QEiuv 't01J~.
321
c
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLIH!
-KYPlnI KEIMENON
"Oe vt8 t:;
(naQU~aOLI;; o't. 693-7(0)
Xuo~ ~v 'XaL Nu~ "EQE~O~ 1'E /lEAaV :rtQw1'ov 'XaL TUQ't'aQo~ E'l'Qu~.
Pij l)' oM' ailQ oM' oUQavo~ ~v. 'EQE~O'U~ l)' EV a:rtdQoO'L 'XOA:rtOL~,
1'L'X1'EL :rtQO:l'tL01'OV U:rtl1VE/lLOV Nu~ ~ /lEAavo:rt1'EQO~ 4>ov,
E~ 0.0 :rtEQL'tEAAO/lEVaL~ ooQaL~ E~Aao't~v "EQc.o~ 6 :rtOeELVO~,
O'tLA~c.oV VW'tOV :rt'tEQUYOLV XQ'UoaL'V, Et'Xro~ aVE/lw'XEO'L l)LVaL~.
o.o'to~ M XUEL :rt'tEQOEV'tL /lLYEL~ VUXLO~ 'Xa'tu TUQ't'aQo'V EUQUV
EvEO't'tE'UOE'V YEVO~ ~/lE1'EQOV, 'XaL :rtQw'tO~ aVftyaYEv Et~ cpw~ ...
XUOI;; ~'tav xat NuX'ta xat ox6't01;; ~a8ll
JtAa'tlll;; TUQ'taQol;; ~'tav 'tQLyUQO'll
ffj XL aEQa Mv eLxe, Mv eLXE oUQavo
xat mOlll;; aqJaV'tO'll1;; x6QqJo'lll;; 'to'V aJteLQO'll
JtQro'ta JtQro'ta ~ f.ta'llQ6qJ'tEQ'I'J NuX'ta YEVVa.
fl6V'I'J auyo moli TaQ'tuQo'll 'to flEQOI;;
XL aJto XELVO i' auyo xa8WI;; ~Q8' 0 XaLQo~
Jt08ELVOl;; E~EJtQ6~aAe &"EQWI;;
flE qJ'tEQoliYEI;; 0,;(1 vro'ta 'to'll EJtUVW XQ'llOEI;;
%at ouv aVEflol;; OAO~ Exu8'I'J
XL Ufl' au'tol;; ~ 'to OAOqJ'tEQO XUO~ ~a8Lu
flEa' o'tu TUQ'taQa vUX'ta ExoLflij8'I'J
't1]V /)LXij flal;; YEVLU E~EJtouALaoE EXEi:
xat o'to qJro~ 't1]V aVE~aoE JtQw't'I'J ...
(Aoyo'teXVLX1] flE'tuqJQaOLI;; -aJtQ/)oOLI;; ~LflO'll MEVUQ/)O'll)
-{;(
Haqotptaxi~ beq;qa(TEt~
a:rto Kc.oWVl)LE~ 'toll 'AQL<J'tocpuvo'U~:

El(}17V'fj o't. 1096
'Aq;(!rrrW(!, a(}ifllG7:0~, aviaTl,6~ eanv exe'lvo~
o~ JroAiflov f(!a'Wl bru3'fjflWV 6x(!v6ev'W~.1
1. ~'tLXO~ 6fl'I'JQLX6~, 'IALa.~ I 52.
322
MA8HMA27ov
Avow-rea-r'YJ (rt. 595 (OXOALul;;ovta~ 'to'V u'V6Qa ... )

'0 IlE'V 'Xu'V JtOALO~, 'tUXu Jtat6a 'XoQT}'V YEyullT}'XE'V.
Tfj~ 6E YU'VUL'XO~ IlL'XQO~ 0 'XULQO~, 'Xu'V ,;ou'tO'lJ Ilil EJtLA.a~T}'tUL
oMd~ E8EAEL yfjllUL 'tUu'tT}'V, ()'t'tE'lJOIlE'VT} 6E 'XU8T}'tUL...
(}'t.712
'Axaevfj~ O'tLXO~
530
'Ev-rev(}ev aerfj, IIeelxU'YJ~ ov)"Vft:n:w~,

rjo-ream:' ej3eovm, SllvExuxa -rYJv 'E).,).,aoa.
('EJtESEQyaoLa KELIlE'Vro'V: N OT}lla'tL'Xtl, EQIlT}'VEll'tL'Xtl, IlOQCPOAOYL'Xtl,

E't'lJIlOAOYL'Xtl )
-AESIAorION
EL'Xw'V - EL6roAO'V (E'tllIlOA., 'VoT}lla, JtaQuyroya)
***
Evv'tarfJ "xvxdiJvo~":
KQL8uAEllQO, llaAa'Xo 't'lJQL, ol'Vo~

(ou'V ilEAL: 'X'lJ'XEW'V EJtL IlEAm
oU'V iJ6roQ: 'X'lJ'XEW'V ECP' Ma'tL) 'X.An ...
-rPAMMATIKH
1. r' 'XALm~. 'AQOE'VL'XCt EL~ -'YJ~ rev. -ov~
Lro'XQU'tT}~, 'HQa'XAfj~ (JtaQaYQ. rQU!l!lULLxfj~ nUQ'tt. 96 - 97)
2. 8T}A'lJXCt EL~ -w~ yE'V. -ov~ (at6w~) (rcuQaYQ 98)
3. Lu'Vm~T}IlE'Va Qtllla'tU EL~ -ow -m (6T}A6ro -6T}A<l UQXL'XOL XQO'VOL 'XaL :n:{va~, (rcuQaYQ229)
323
324
sz
,
I
'1I1O~VitPOP itmdlOl it30100PUOOU

?030 V~(!)O~l 5/J~30p ~~ 5/J.L II '(VACf)J..'f} AO"(~J..3ri A(l,O.l1VlC'f} l?eDJ..'f}
l?'Xl.lDrict3AlC l?.l l v 'X 11.00 2 l?'X1"(C} l?.l Ao09~ 'D'X1Q~ lD'X D,,(O'XOc,tQ
1VAp v"(O" 'ctoQ910H, (l,0.l SOAOOUc,t0 I!-'XOlCtL) 50~J.. A!}Ooitq1:I
('lC"(''X SOri3"(9lC Sq'X1COO~ 'So,,('Xc,t'X Sq'XJ.l)gue
'~'X1.lctDAOJ..Oy, - 'ACOri?,,(OlC &J..9,,( Ue01ADcbH,) ~3A3J.. ~'X1(I)0H,
'( ACf)riO cteu'{lC
S130l!A1'XD.l3ri S3AOJ..iX0'f} 1V.lAOA1VcbD1Q ctOlCO,,) 50~J.. A(l,O'X"{DX
'(Sv1'XoD1(huri I!-'XOlC~ ~ Scool
1V.l130AOlC..\., 'ACf)OQA'f} SO.lDA~e SOOC090lC) 50A~J.. A!}OOct'Xoy,
(D1'Xct.l'P Iptv1013QVOVlC) 50~J.. A(l,ODctOX
'UA~J..- S~'XOlC~ ~ ~o 13~10co'X q.l AOlolC<;> q.l 'SctOA?J..

ctOA1lCCOOeA'f} (l,0.l (l,Ori03lC'X~ (l,0.l Aq'X100.l01 q.llD'X ScreD'X SDol:pQADIl
II SU.lOD'{lC9.lCOOlC II Sy..l Oe(l,ri Aq.l uri9'X'f} 1V.l13 J..ucby, 'SctO.l S310
-UAOlC Sl.l S3,{2 l?1J.. D10cori1.l Scp SctOlCI:pOeA'f} S~O.lO S~03e S~O.l qlC'f}
Ue~"(g3lC~ V10DJ..O~ ~ 1.l2 13~1A10'Xct31Q SOQ010H, <;> 'Scoec,to,{o'XVc
('" 50~13itfl
~ UJI.o3p '50~13itfl it~~fJo vJf)vl.o~ II) II "'(I,O~pl.og, 'Uf)0UI 31U~it
vklri 'rof)CP~ aOf) l?it 1V~13U90U it~~ 5rorig :ryp 'Vit'1ri ~f) 530YH1I
'ctO.l 9cb"(3Q'f} Aq.l UO~.l3ectOA l?A lv'X ctO.l V10ct0103lC AI!-.l 13'{13lC'f}
~OlC OActQA1'X Aq.l U01lCCO.l3ri1.lA'f} l?A 1VA13 (l,0.lU10lC (l,0.l S103e9011
'S3'X1Q S31J..Oc,tOA1V'X ~ri SV.lAI:p'{13lC'f} 'A01Q103ri ctO~A 'X~ 30(l,0.lU~
30U'{~.lDlC03.lV'X AI!-.l (l,ocb'f} lv'X AD10ct0103lC AI!-'X10.lVlC AI!-.l qlC'f}
A01Q103ri A003.lc,t'{VJ..3ri 13'Xc,t.l1lC~ 3'X13 Sl?.lOD'X1Q S~O.l SV.lAI:p'X0QoocoQ
S010lC9 <;> AUOO?II ctO.l A9cb'{3Q'f} Aq.l SqolC S~'{ctogrictO 13'X?10311
'SOlC~ Aq'X1.l'XDQ1Q AO.lCf)OlC q.l 1V.l130C03e 'AOO.l3ri~~~ Aq'X1'{ct.l'XDQ
S13 Scto'X1.l0
8Z8 qlC'f} 1V.l13'{3.lOlCy, 'A010~AJ.. D.lu.l~gD1cbriVAY,

IIIVd:n\1H JV}I YJd3:11 AOVOI:IH
A.OSl Drih9~W
1\082: VII'JH9VII'J
EMHNIKH ArOrH
B I "tteo~ 7:oiJ eeyov: 'O~'I'lYLE~ ~L<l 't~V YEroQYLX~V EQyaaLav, 't~V

Va'lJ'tLALaV, 'to E!l3taQLOV, 'tOY YUIlOV xat AOL3t<l XOLVroVLX<l Sella'ta.
T' #eeo~ 7:oiJ eeyov: Ka'tUAA'I1A.E~ ~lleQE~ YL<l XUSE EQyaaLa. "Eva
EI~o~ aYQo'tLxoil ~IlEQOAOyf.o'lJ -M'I1yoil.
EKAOrAI rrJXQN EK TOY KEIMENOY
(:nAuaLllo I1av~wQa~)
(Optki 0 Ze6~ ... aV7:L :rcveo; ddJaOJ xaxov... )
I, i
"'Q~ eqla,;" EX ~' EyeAaaaE :na't~Q aV~Qoov 'tE SEOOV 'tEo

"'HqJaLa'tov ~' EXeAE'lJaE :nEQLXA'lJ'tOV O't'tL 'tuXLa'ta
yaLav 'MEL qJ'lJQELV,l EV~' avSQw:no'lJ SellEV av~~v
xat aSevo~, aSavu'tn~ M SEfj~ Et~ c'h:na ELaXELV
:naQSEvLxi'j~ xaMv d~o~ E:ntlQa'tov. Av't<lQ 'AStlV'I1V
eQya ~L~aaxi'jaaL, :noA'lJ~aL~aAov La'tOV uqJaLvELv.
Kat XUQLV allqJLxeaL xEqJaAfj XQ'lJae'l1v ~qJQO~L't'l1V ..
I'
i:
I: '
,
,
.... EV u aQa, qJrov'I1v
Si'jXE SEOOV xi'jQ'lJS DVall'l1VE M 'ttlV~E Y'lJvaLxa
I1av~wQ'I1v, O'tL :nUV'tE~ 'OA.{,llma ~wlla't' EXOV'tE~,
~ooQov MWQ'I1aav...
~,,,
59
79
XQ"cn:ov IlEV :nQw'tLa'ta yevo~ IlEQa:nrov avSQw:nrov

aSuva'tOL :noL'I1aaV 'OAullma ~wlla't' EXOV'tE~.
ot IlEV E:nt KQavo'lJ ~aav, o't' oVQavcp EIl~aaLAE'lJEv'
1. EEvQ(paV'I'J~: "navt'eq yae yatTjq t'e "al iJc5at'oq e"yevo/lwOa ".

'OfL, 'D..La~: nV/le~ /lev naneqv~we "al ya'ia yevowOe ", (H 99)
"e" yatTjq nana "al elq yijv nana t'eAwt'a ". (B 27)
326
109

MA9HMA28ov
wr; 'tE 8wL 6' etooov ax:rlMu 8'lJIlOV exoV'tEr; ...

... ouM 'tL 6ELAOV yf\Qur; EJtflv ...
8vfjoxov 6' wr; 8' uJtVq;l 6E61l'l1IlEVOL. 'Eo8A.<l 6E
Jt<lV'tU
'tOLOLV e'l1v. KUQJtov 6' e<pEQE tEihooQor; uQO'lJQu
UU'tOIlU't'l1 JtOMOV 'tE XUL u<p8ovov..
~EU'tEQOV U1)'tE YEVOr; JtOA:U XELQO'tEQOV
!J.E'tomo8Ev
clQyVQO'Y Jtoi.'I1ouv 'OAU!lJtLU 6WIlU,;' exoV'tEr;
116
127
Zeur; KQovi.6'11r; eXQ'lJ'lPE XOAOU!J.EVOr;, OUVEXU 'tLIl<lr;

oux e6L6ov IlUXUQEOOL 8EOLr; ot "OA'lJ!lJtOV exO'lJOLV
ZEUr; M Jtu'tT]Q 'tQi.'tov UAAO YEVOr; IlEQOJtOOV
av8QwJtoov
XU).)Wto'Y Jtoi.'I1o' oux aQY'UQEq;l oUfJev 0IlOLov,
EX IlEALUV.
Au't<lQ EJtd xuL 'tou'to YEVOr; xu't<l YULu
XUA'lJ'lPEV,
U1)'ttr; e,;' UAAO 'tE'tUQ'tOV EJtL X80vL JtO'lJA'lJPO'tEi.QU
ZEUr; KQovi.6'11r; Jtoi.'I10E, 6LXaLO'tEQOV XUL UQELOV,
av6Qoov 1)Qroonr 8etov YEVOr;, ot XUAEOV'taL
tllli.8EOL..
KUL 'tOL IlEV vUi.O'lJOL, aX'I1Mu 8'lJIlOV exoV'tEr;,
EV IlUXUQOOV V~OOLOL JtuQ' 'QXEUVOV pu8'lJ6l.V'l')v,
OAPLOL i\QOOEr; ..
M'I1XE'tL eJtEL,;' OO<pEMOV EYch JtEIlJt'tOLOL IlE'tELVaL
av6QuOLv, aAA'il JtQ008E 8uvELv il eJtEL'tu
YEVE08aL,
Nil'Y yaQ ~it yivo; Emt (Jt~itQO'Y.
143
156
174
MA6HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH ArOrH
"Mrpdn e:n:el'Ca wcpellov eyw :n:ift:n:r:OWl fter:e'iVal aVOQaOLV
I
i
EMHNIKH~ rAOHH~
ill' 7j :n:Qoo()ev ()ave'iv 7j e:n:el'Ca yevio()al. .. "
il'l']A.Cl~~:
IIou va J,t~v EOWVCl eyw va too E:rtEL'tCl &:rco ai,.tov~, !Jk 'tou~ aVSgcO:rto'U~ 'tou :rtEJ,t:rt'tO'U YEVO'U~, aUa ~ va E1xCl :rtESO:VEL mo :rtgtv ~ va YEVVLOJ,tO'UV'XCl'tomv.
ilLO'tL 'tcOga 'to YEVO~ ElvaL OL(')~gEoV -OXA.T]Qo-. IIo't, Oii'tE J,tLa J,tga
Mv so, :rtO:ljJO'UV va xomato'Uv xat va ~'UO't'Uxouv, oii'tE 't~v vVX'tCl so,
~O'Uxato'Uv, atpou ot SEOt so, 'tou~ Mvo'Uv f3agEI~ tpgOV'tL~E~.
'0 ZEiJ~ so, atpaVLO'I'J 'Xat 'tou'to 'to YEVO~ 'toov SV'I']'toov aVSgcO:rtwv1
'to'tE :rtou so, YEVVLOUV'taL -'to, :rta~L(l- J,tE yxgLta J,taULa o'tou~ 'Xgo'tatpo'U~ xat Mv so, J,toL<itll 0 :rta'tEga~ ma :rtaL~La 'to'U oii'tE 'to, :rta~w so,
1"
ELVaL
oJ,tOLa J.tE 'tov :rta'tEga 'to'U~.
Kat ~EV So, dVaL 0 ~EVO~, tpLA.O~ 0' alJ'tov :rtou 'tov tpLA.O~EVEt, oii'tE 0
ovv'tgotpo~ o'tov ovV'tgotpo, OU'tE 0 a()EA.tpo~ So, ElvaL tpLAO~ o'tov
MEAtpO o:rtw~ :rtaAlla.
Kat 'tOu~ yovEt~, J,tOAL~ YEgvUVE, So, 'tou~ xa'tatpgovouv So, 'tou~
Uf3gLtO'UV J,tE f3agLa A.6yLa ot USALOL, ayvocOV'ta~ 't~v 'tLJ,tWgLa 'toov SEWV'XaL Mv So, ~E:rtAllgcOvo'UV o'tOu~ YEgaoJ,tvo'U~ ma yovEt~ 'to, ooa 'tgaf311~av YLa va 'tOu~ avaSgEtjJo'UV.
XELgO~L'XLE~ ... 0 Eva~ 'to'ij UAAO'U so, AEllAa'tfj 't~v :rtOAL. KaJ,tJ,tLa
xag~, 'XaJ,tJ,tLa 'tLJ,t~ 0' O:rtOLOV xga'tEL 'tov og'Xo 'to'U, 'Xat 'to ~L'XaLOv, 'Xat
'to ayaSov. IILO :rtOAU so, ex'tLJ,touV 'tov uvSgw:rto :rtou so, ~La:rtga't'tf(
Uf3gLV so, E:rtLxga't~O'I'J 'to ~LxaLOv 'tou ~'Uva'tou xat ~ atM)~ 80, e~atpa
VLOSfj xat so, f3M:rt'tll 0 xa'Xo~ 'tov 'XaAo 'tov uvSgw:rto, J,tLA.cOV'ta~ !Jk
YAooooa ~LtpogoVJ,tEVll, ()LEo'tgaJ,tJ,tvll, 'Xat sa :rtaLgvll 'Xat og'Xo a:rto
:rtavw, O'tL 'to, MEL owma....
Kat 'to'tE ma, ~ At()w~ xat ~ NEJ,tEO~, a1C 't~v :rtAa'tv~goJ,tll 't~v yfj
S' avaxwg~oo'Uv xat So, :rtE'ta~o'Uv :rtgo~ 'tov "OA'UJ,t:rtO, atpou xaA.'lltjJo'Uv
't' oJ,togtpo :rtgoow:rto 'to'U~ J,tE 'to, A.E'U'Xa 'to'U~ :rtE:rtAa, 'Xat So, eyxa'taA.ELtjJo'Uv 'tou~ avSgcO:rto'U~ xat o'tOu~ SVll'tOU~ So, a:rtoJ,tELvo'Uv tpOf3EgOt
:rtOVOL xat ~'Uo't'UXLE~. Kat YL' aino 'to 'Xaxo, ()EV So, u:rtag~l1 YLa'tgELa ..2
CI
"
1. "ZeiJ~~' oAiaEL xat 'toil'to Yf:vo~ J-tEgo:n;rov uv8gc.O:n;rov".

2. (~:n;O~OOL~ EX 'toil :n;gro'to'tu:n;ou 1\vva Euma8lou)
328
MA8HMA28ov
Kat -rou M lteO~ "OAVft1tOV alto x()ovo~ evevooei'fJ~,
Aevxo'law cpaeWaL xaAV1pafleva xeoa xaAov, a()ava-rwv fledl
CPVAOV t-rov lteOAmovr:' av()eWltOV~ Alow~ xat NefleaL~. TO. Of: Aet1jJewL aAyea Avyea ()v'fJ'rO'l~ av()eWltOLaL. Kaxov oe ovx eaaewL
aAx~ ...
('Ev O'UvEXELa 3tgOEL()03tOIL 'tou ftYEfJ.OVU):

'l'Q ~UOL":i'jE .
TgL yag fJ.UQLOL ELOW E3tL X90VL 3to'U":lJ~O'tELQn

U9UVU'tOL Z'l1vo <puAmtE 9v..,'toov uv9goo3toov
ot QU <p'UAaOOO'UOLV 'tE ()bw XUL OXE'tALU EgyU
TtEgU eOOUfJ.EVOL, 3tuV'tn <pOL'tOOV'tE bt' uIav.
253
'H ()E 'tE 3tUg9EVO EO'tL ~LX'I1, ~LO EXYEyU'ULU

x'U()QiJ 't' UL()OL'I1 'tE 9EOL ot "OA'UfJ.3tOV EXO'UOL
XUL rl 03to't' av 'tL fJ.w ~Aa3t'tn OXOALOO ovo'tutoov,
UiJ'tLXU 3tag ~LL 3tU'tgL XU9EtO!tEv.., KgOVLOOVL
Y'l1gUE't' uv9gomoov U()LXOOV voov, o<pg' U3tO'tELOn
()fjfJ.O U'tU09UALa ~uOLMoov ot, A'UygU VOEUV'tE,
aAAn 3tUgXALVOOOL ()LXU OXOALOO EVE3tOV'tE.
Tuu'tu <p'UAUOOOfJ.EVOL, ~UOtA.fjE, L9uVE'tE fJ.u9o'U
()OOgO<pUyOL...
256
...ft ()e xuxi) ~O'UAi) 't<P ~O'UAEUOUV'tL xuxio't'l1

3tuV'tu L()rov ~LO O<p9UAfJ.O XUL 3tuV'tu voiJou
XUL V'U 'tU()E...
265
-nAPOIMIAKAI EK(JIPAEEII AnO TO EnOI
O't. 320 XgTtfJ.um ()' OUX ag3tUx'tu, 9Eoo()om 3tOMOV UfJ.ELVOO.1

O't. 342 Tov <ptAEov't' E3tL ()UL'tU XUAELV, 'tov ()' EX9gov EdOat.
Tov ()e fJ.UALO'tU xuA.ci:v o 'tL oE9EV EyyU9L VULEL.
YEi'toVE atooo'tOL EXLOV, tooouV'to ()e 3t'l10L.
IlfjfJ.u xuxo YEi'tOOV..
1. IIQ[3I... "EU1;EO~ fJ' 0 nl..oii'to~ c'ifJLx6~ 't~ oov." (EvQlJt. 'EMVI] 999)
329
MA9HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH ArOrH
EMHNIKH~ rAO~~H~
O''t. 361 Ei yaQ 'XEV 'Xal. O'JlL'XQOV Eltl. O'JlL'XQtl> 'Xam8Eio

'Xal. 8aJlu 'toui' BQ()OL~, 'taxa 'XEV JlEya 'Xal. 'to yEVOL'tO...
O''t. 370 ML0'80~ ()' aV()Ql. <po...cp EiQ'T]JlEVO~ dQ'XLO~ EO''tW
'XaL 'tE 'Xamyv~'tcp YEMO'a~ Eltl. JlaQ't'UQa 8E0'8m.
Ii.
-ANArNIlIMA
***
'Ex 'tow NOJirov 'toii XaQrovl)a

(Xa(!wvoa~: Kawva'io~ vo#o()b;'YJ~ -6o~
'
at. n.X.)
(Llwo. ~lXeAufJT:rJ~ IB' 11-12): " ...ELAOV'tO ()E 'Xal. VOJl08E't'T]V 'tOV
dQLO''tOV 'tWV Ev ltm()d{l 8a'UJlatOJlEVWV ltOAL'tWV XaQciw()av.
oii'tO~ ()E EltLO''XE'ljJaJlEVO~ 'tU~ altaV'twv VOJlo8EO'La~ E;EA.E;a'tO 'tU
'XQa'tLO"ta 'Xal. 'Xa'tE'ta;EV E~ 'tOU~ VOJlO'U~, ltOMU ()E 'Xal. WLa EnLVO'T]O'aJlEVo~ E;EUQE... IIQw'tov J.tEv YUQ 'to~ Jl'T]'tQ'ULUV EnayoJ.tEvo~ 'Xa'tu
'tWV i()twv 'tE'XVWV B8'T]'XE ltQoO"tLJlOV 'to Jl~ YLvE0'8m O"UJl~OUAO"U~ 'tOu'to'U~ 'tfi lta'tQ(()L ...'tou~ ()E &:n;O't'UxoV'ta~ 'ttl> yaJlcp 'Xal. ltaA.LV Ev 'tOL~
a,ho~ aJlaQ'tavoV'ta~, d<pQova~ ()ELV UltOAaJl~avE0'8m. Tou~ ()' Enl.
O"U'Xo<paV'tL{l 'Xa'tayvw0'8EV't~, ltQoO'E'ta;E ltEQL:Jta'tELv EO"tE<pavwJ.tEVO'U~ Jl'UQL'XU, OltW~ EV lta.m 'tOL~ ltoAhm~ <paLvwV'tm 'to ltQW'tELOV
'tfj~ ltOV'TJQLa~ ltEQL:JtOL'T]J.tivOL.... BYQa'ljJEV 'Xal. ltEQI. 'Xa'XoJlLALa~ VOJlov
E~MayJ.tEvov... 'Xal. ()L'Xa~ EnOL'T]O'E 'Xa'XOJlLALa~... 'EvOJl08E't'T]O'E YUQ
'tWV ltOAL'tWV 'tou~ 'UiEL~ CbtaV'ta~ JlaV8aVELv YQaJlJla'ta, XOQ'T]youO"TJ~
'tfj~ ltOAEW~ JlL0'8ou~ 'tOL~ ()WaO''XaAOL~ ...'Xal. 'tOO'OU'tOV UltEQE~aAE'tO
'tou~ ltQO'tEQOV VOJl08E't~O'aV'ta~, ()'T]JlOO'LCP JlL0'8tl> 'tou~ voO'ouV'ta~
'tWV i()LW'tWV UltO La'tQwv 8EQa:JtEuE0'8m ..'Xa'XELvwv J.tEv 'tWV La'tQwv
EUXOJlE8a Jl'T]MltO'tE XQdav BXELV ... "EYQa'ljJE 'tov ltEQI. 'tfj~ 'tWV
oQ<pavwv <p'UAa'Xfj~.. 'tWV JlEV oQ<pavL'Xwv XQ'T]Jla'twv EltL'tQOltEUELV
'tou~ aYXLO''tEi~ 'tou~ alto lta'tQo~, 'tQE<pEO'8m M 'tou~ oQ<pavou~
ltaQu 'to~ O''UYYEvEm 'tfj~ Jl'T]'tQo~...
"E'tEQOV M E8'T]'XE VOJlOV 'Xa'tu 'tWV AL:JtOV'tWV 't~v EV ltOAEJ.,LCP
'ta;LV, ~ 'to O'UVOAOV Jl~ avaAa~ov'twv 'tu OltAa UltEQ lta'tQL()O~ ...
ltQoO'E'ta;E 'tou~ 'tOLOU'tO'U~ EV 'tfi ayoQQ. E<p' ~JlEQa~ 'tQEi~ 'Xa8fj0'8m
330
MAE>HMA 280v
f:V Eo8fjOL yuvm'X.ELml!;. '0 6e VOllol!; oiitol!; a.lla llev cpv..av8Qoon6teQOI!; EOtL a.lla M, tcp lleYE8eL tfjl!; atLllLal!;, anotQEneL tOVI!; 0IlOW'll1!;
tOVtOLI!; tfjl!; avaV6QLal!;..
I1QOOEta~e tOY ~O'llAOllevOv 6LOQ8woaL tLVa VOllov, otav
nOLfjtm tilv neQL 6LOQ8woeool!; O'llll~O'llALav, tOY Ea'lltoil tQcl'X'IlAOV
e~ /3QO'XOV EvtL8EVm 'X.aL llEveLV a'XQL av otO'll tilv 'X.QLOLV 0 6fillol!;
neQL toil 6LOQ80'llllEVO'll VOllO'll noul0'lltm' 'X.av llev 'tl E'X.'X.A'IlOLa
nQoo6E;'Iltm tOY uoteQov YQacpollevov, anoAVeo8m ... ea.v 6e
a'X.'llQov nOLftO'l'jtm tilV 6wQ8oo0LV, naQa'XQfjlla 8vt\o'X.eLV uno toil
/3QO'XO'll O'lJ0CPLyyollevov..
Tovl!; /30'llAe'llOllEVO'll1!; 'X.aL nQclttovtcll!; tL, ana 8ewv aQ'Xeo8m
'XQft. Ov6evol!; a6L'X.0'll 8eov 'X.OLvoovetv .. IIoALtTI M a6L'X.0'llllEvCP
/30'1'j8etv 'X.aL OL'X.OL 'X.aL rnL ;EV'l'jI!;..
'Ev all!; nOAEOLV nQEO~'lltEQOOV aVmOX'llVtLm, cpvovtm mu6el!;
avtwv 'X.aL naL600v nat6el!; aVaLOX'llvtoL. 'A'X.oAO'll8et M aVmOXUvtLQ.
'X.aL avm6eLQ" U/3QLI!; 'X.aL a6L'X.La, tOVtOLI!; 6e Enetm oAe8Qol!; ...
OMeLI!; 'X.a'X.ol!; 8eocpv..ftl!; ..
M'Il6eLI!; nAattE0800 YAWOOTI 'X.aM. EQya, nQcl;eool!; 'X.aL 6LaVOLal!;
oteQolleVol!; aya8fjl!; . tLOeL 6L'X.'IlV 'X.a'X.fjl!; ~O'llAfjl!; 6aLllOOLV EOtLOV'XoLl!;... "Eotoo 6e llEYLOta ML'X.ftllata, 8ewv 'X.atacpQoV'l'joLI!; 'X.aL YOVEoov 'X.cl'X.OOOLI!; ..
'Yne na'tei.l)o~ Wt09'V'itCJ'X.tV CJ,..vo'teov CJ'tro 11 'Yl.t'Xo,..vov
'toil tilv E'Y'X.a'tal.t3tav a"'tfav
M'Il6EV EOtOO t6LOOtL'X.OV lleyaAonQenEoteQov 'X.aL oellvoteQov
twv 6'1l1100Loov. '0 nAovtcp 'X.aL 'XQftllaOL 60'llAeVOOV 'X.atacpQoveLo800
WI!; llL'X.Qo't\J'll'XOI!; rov 'X.aL aveA.ev8eQol!; .. "
-rPAMMATIKH
1. ~vwllaAa tQLto'X.ALta
(nuQuYQ. 101, 104 IQu"""". 'YSUQ'ttuvo'U).
2. L'llVTIQ'IlllEVa elI!; -flO) -w (nuQuYQuqJo 231).
331
L
------====~~
c
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA0HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rAnHH~
NEMEI:)l; - AIKH
"MLXQOV ()E an:o 8aA.aoo1J~ avro, NBfU~OBW~ EO'tLV LBQOV, ii, 8BWV
IlUALO'ta av8Qwn:OL~ V~QLO'taL~ EO'tLV an:aQah1J'to~. ~OXBL ()E xaL
'tOL~ an:O~aOLV E~ MaQa8wva 'twv ~aQ~uQrov, an:aV'tfjOaL ll~vLlla
EX 8BOU 'tau't1J~' xa'tacPQov~oav'tB~ YUQ, 1l1J()EV mplmv EIln:O()chv
BlvaL 'ta~ 'A8~va~ EABLV, AL80v IIuQLov QV ro~ br:' ESBLQyaoIlEvOL~
~yov, E~ 'tQon:aLo'U n:OL1JOLV. Tou'tov BL()La~ 'tOV AL80v BLQyuoa'to,
ayaAlla !!EV BlvaL NBIlEOBro~".
IIavaavlov ':4 7:1:tXa A -33
II. Ii
Ovoeir; nor' eV7:vxrwev

beo~or; yeywr;,
'Ev up o~aiq; 0' EAnioer;
aW7:YJ(}iar;.
'
I!
(EuQIJt. 'EMvT] 1138)
Ii!,
I"
'
332
MA8HMA28ov
~1tomt(J ....ata
EX troy 'O~qJtxrov "Y....vrov EI,;

Ni....EOtV xat d; Atxt)v
Tg NEllEOL, %A:111;w OE, SEa ~UOiAELU llEYLO'trl,

JtUV6EQ%'r\~,
EOOQroOU ~LOV SV'I1'trov JtoA:uq.)'\)A.wv
u(6L'I1, JtoMoEllVE, IlOV'I'J XULQO'lJOU 6L%ULOL~,

oo\' yaQ ad yvwll'l1 Jt<lV'twv llEA.EL, oMe oe A.'r\SEL,
Jtuvi' EOOQ~~ %U\, Jtuvi' EJtU%OUE~...
OUQUVOSEV %uSoQroou ~LOV SV'I'J'trov JtOA.'lJCPUA.WV,

'tOL~ a6L%OL~ 'tLllWQO~, EJtL~QteO'lJOU
6L%UL'I1.
*
*
333
;1'
'
'I .
I, '
I
'
"."
!1 . ,
334
Q
MA8HMA290v
Ma91J"UX 290v
OP~IKOI:
YMNOI: ElI: EP9TA
KLXA:f)OXW !1eyuv ayvov, EQclO!1LOV, ~Mv "EQw'ta
'to~uAxfl, rt'tEQOEV'tU, JtuQLbQo!1ov, E'lJbQo!1ov oQ!1U,

OU!1JtuU;,oV'tu 8EOL~ tlbE 8'V1l'toL~ &V8QWJtOL~
E1mclAU!10V, bLqJufl, JtclV'tWV xA'I1tbu~ exoV'tu,
ut8eQo~ OVQUVLOU, JtoV'tou, X8ovo~...
'Avxb01:0v'Anocm:aCJlla (,OQq>.)
"Ovoeva ya(! ev()ovOlaaflov avw 7:ij~ e(!(J)7:xij~
bu:rrvo{a~ aVfl{3a{vet y{vea()at".
335
EMHNIKH ArOrH
i
i
'0 ~LaxoogLO!-"O; E'VVOLWV avu!-"wa oe Mo Ae~EL; CPaLVO!-"EVLXa

:rtago!-"OLE;, O:rtoo; ElvaL OL Ae~EL; ArAIIH xat EPQL, eLVaL :rtgovo!-"LO 'tfj; 'E1..1..'llVLXfj; yl..wooa;. 'H Ae~L; aya:rt1'] lm:ugXEL !-"ovov O'ta
EI..I..'llVLXa xat 'to axgL~E; 't'll; VO'll!-"a ~ev a:rtO~L~E'taL oe xa!-"!-"La
aM'll yl..wooa. 'H Ae~L; eew~ (~ o:rtoLa xaxw; 9EoogEL'taL O'tL EXcpgUSEL d~Lxw'tEga 'to oagxLxo :rtu90;, 'ti)v Em9u!-"La), 'to "0 Ega 'tL(;",
E!-":rtEgLEXEL DXL !-"OVOV ~a9u CPLI..OOOCPLXO xat aM'llYOgLXO !-"UO't~QLO
aMa XU'tL :rtEgLOOO'tEgO. KgU~EL XU'tL acpa'tO, agg'll'to, aVExcpgaO'to,
XU'tL :rtou 9U!-"LSEL 'ti)v !-"ova~Lxo't'll'ta 'tOU EI..I..'llVLXOU "Aoyou" :rtou
atwVE(; 'twga !-"u'taLa :rtgoo:rta90uv va !-"E'tacpguoouv, va !-"E'tayl..oo't'tLOOUV, va !-"E'taYYLoouV o'tt(; aME(; yI..WOOE(;. '0 "EI..I..'llv Aoyo(;
eXEL :rtaga!-"dvEL a!-"E'tucpgao'to(;: LOGOS. IIago!-"oLa a~uva!-"La
!-"E'tacpgUOEoo(; eXEL EXcpgUOEL ~ ral..l..L~a EI..I..'llVLo'tgLa Zaxl..tv v'te
PO!-"LyU YLa 'ti)v navE!-"ogcp'll Ae~L e goo (;:
" ... ~-CT]V raAA.ia OAO xat :rteewao'Ceeo Xe1']OIlw:rtowiJv -CT]V eAA1']VlXT] U!;1'] "eew~" afle-caq.;eam1'], "EROS", own elval aovva-cov va
flemq.;eaa-coiJv flOVOAexnxa oAa oaa aV-CT] a1']fla{vet. .. "
'Af...M. 'tL O'll!-"aLVEL Bgoo(;; MLa :rtgw't'll, a:rtAa E'tU!-"OI..0YLXlJ :rtgoOEYYLOL, !-"a; ~LVEL 0 IIAa'toov O'tOV ~LUI..OyO KPATYAOL (420b).
" ... eew~ M, on eaee'l e!;w()ev xat ovx olxeia ea-ctv ij eOT] av-c1']
np exovn, ciAA' e:rtei(Jax-co~ Ota -cwv Oflfla-cwv,l Ota miJm ci:rto -coiJ
eaee'lv "eaeo~" -co ye :rtaAawv eXaAe'l'CO, viJv de eew~ X8XA1']mt. .. "
To 9E!-"a o!-"oo(; ~Ev E~aV'tI..eL'taL !-"e !-"La a:rtl..fj E'tU!-"OI..0YLXlJ Eg!-,,'llVELa. '0 L~LO; 0 IIl..u'toov o'tov tP Ali\PO E~E'tUSEL 'tlJV ~a9u'tEg'll
ouoLa 'tou Egoo'tO;, oe OXEOL !-"e 'ti)v 9EWg'llOL 'tfj; OUOLa(; 'tfj(; 'lj)'Uxfj(;,
acpou ~ '\j1uxi) EXEL aV'tLxguoEL 'to xa9ago XU1..1..0; O'tov U:rtEgOUgU-
336
4
MA8HMA290v
VLO 't'0:n0 a:no 't'OV o:notov E'K.:nOQEUE't'UL. "EQoo 'K.aL qrux~, ava:noo:nao't'a ~E!U~VOL, J.tUX 'K.aL 0 L~LO 0 EQOO, o:noo aV(X(l'EQEL f)
MUSOAOYLa J.ta, "~Qaa()rJ r:fj; 1jJVXfj;". TL va O1JJ.taLvouv (lQa yE oJ.:
alJ't'a; ToJ.tOL OM'K.AT]QOL EXOUV YQaqJfj, YQaqJoV't'aL 'K.aL so. YQaqJOlV't'aL E aEi.. To SEJ.ta, aVE~aV't'AT]1:'O, a:naL't'eL E~EL~L'K.EUJ.tEVE J.tovoYQaqJLE, XOOQLO't'a YLa 'K.aSE E:nL J.tEQO'll :nQOOETILOL, aqJoil 0 :naV't'axoil
:naQwv 't'axumEQo SEO,EL't'E 00 'K.a't" E~oxiIv aqJT]QT]J.tEvTJ tbEa EL't'E
:nQoOOO:nO:nOLT]J.tEVO 00 xaL~EJ.tEVO 'K.aL 'K.a'K.oJ.taST]J.tEvo u10 't'fj
~qJQo~i.1:'T], ~EV AeL:rtEL oihE a:no 't'L J.tEyaAo:nQE:7tEt KooJ.toyoVLe
('t'ooo 't'wv 'OQqJL'K.WV 000 'K.aL't'oil 'HOLMo'll). '0 "EQoo aXL Ct.:nAW
OUJ.tJ.tE't'EXEL, aAAa :naU;EL 'K.aSoQLo't'L'K.O QOAO o't'iIv IIaY'K.ooJ.tLa
~T]J.tLO'llQyLa.
II~H 7:Ol !lev nQwr:wr:a Xao; rever:' avr:aQ enetr:a Fala
eVQvar:eQvo;, navr:mv ec'3o; aacpaAe; ale4 ~c'3e eQo;, 0; "aAAlar:o;

EV a()avar:owl ()eolat , Avat!le).fj;, navr:mv c'3e ()ewv navr:mv r:'
aV()Qwnmv c'3a!lVar:al ev ar:fj()eaat voov "a en{cpQova /3ovAfjV... II
(8Eoy.116)
w;
"Llui r:oiJr:ov r:ov eQmr:a navr:a fjQ!lOar:al allfjAOl;,

ev eQmn
(IIQ6xAoS _'OQCP.)
!levU "oa!lov a7:Olxe'ia ()eovr:a ".
L't'OV "OJ.tT]QO 0 EQOO't'a :nEQLOQL~E't'UL, :nQOO~LOQL~OV't'a E~L'K.OO
'tEQU o't'iIv 'IALa~u, J.tOVOV 't'OV :noSo a:no 't'OV o:noto qJAEYE't'aL 0
ZEU, 0 :nu't'iIQ 't'WV SEWV 'K.UL 't'WV avSQoo:noov, aV't'L'K.QU~OV't'a 't'iIv
J.tEYUAO:nQE:nfj OJ.tOQqJLa 't'fj OE~aO't'fj Ou~uyOU 't'OU, 't'fj :nO't'VLU
"HQu~.
II L~E ~E VEqJEAT]YEQE't'U ZEU -'tiJv"HQav00 oe L~EV, & J.tLV EQOO :nU'K.LVa qJQEVU
aJ.tqJE'K.aAu'l\lEV "
8293
Kat 6 IIuQLS 3tQOS 'tiJv 'EA.EVT]:

'''AAA' dYE ~~, qJLAO't'T]'t'L 't'QU:neLOJ.tEV dJVTJSEV't'E
ou yaQ :nOO:nO't'E J.tE c1)~E yE EQOO qJQEva
,
''\
It
UllqJE'K.UII.'ll'l\lEV..
r441
337
8
I
I
.~
'A3AUri~ri A(I)X~ ,'1 0,

'A(I)ltq>09A'9 ,A. ~o A(I)J03ri~ ,9Q-0
513'1'.)-0 50ri1~')-m A(I)1'9 A'09'9 .1Q-o P 1'O'X
51'O"{'.)-'O 510ri9AOOA.'9 .1 A~ 5011A9lt03lt'} ,'1 5Y110m
'513')-3XctM~ 5091A'93A
51'0130'Olt 51'O'X'O"{'Ori A~ 52
'51312CJlt 10'Ori1f1'X A~ 52 '5(1)OtL,
'A'OX'9ri 31'O'XJA'9 5(1)ot["
"00
-31i1}.o 10X~ri \.!.dmoA. 13X~ Q-Olt 'O1(1)O~ A<(l1fJ1A. OAril} ,1Ult'OA.'91'O'X oriuo
-'9'1'1 '1lt A'1 'OJAX310A.0"( '01ri09'XA.'Olt AI.tW 3D10'9X~ - 0113,,{'O'X3lt'9 ,,'01
-11"{~ri ,,- ct01 'OOOq)"{A. 'O001"{~ri 5q> fJ13'Xct"{A. AI.t1 ~ri '5\.!."{'Xomo~ 0,
'103 9 10 '1039JriIJ.10 '53(1)O~ 10 AOA9ri AQ,O"{
-oXo'Olt'9 ct01 9riD1A.0"{ A'.L 'Aq)100g Aq)1fJ'X11(1)O~ fJ1 ~ri \.!.9u"{oXo'9
fJA 1'0113Ao'9 ',,51Or~)jC1Mp 501p~ '5DrpUO~1ru9 5Q-(}10g" '59A.On.o1
-'Ori'Oo'1 5I.tlt30ltO,,{'OA.3ri 0, '5130'910'01'O'X 5~'X11(1)O~ 13m'90A.103lt A~'1
50"{')-XolV (} AOA9ri '5'Ori 5,)-0'X1A.'001 5ct01'OmctOo'X 51301 5Q-01 'ltv.
I~
"
" illlill
j j
,
" I
'
rid,
"I '
,I
III
'I I I
[II
(,Olt(l)09olt ctoo 9A1390lt '10 3'XU9,)-X 5'O1(1)O~)

(n H
mti~"{n81~ 5Q.ochltD~)
" ibU(fJDOOU 1VU/,XrX ib~o~ril )q ,~ 50or'
50ri3A~
(''9 Acto g fJ10 'OO1A~'1 fJ1

(} 13~'90'O1 Q-Olt AfJO ''9'X1A.0''{ fJ1 3D1A'9m'9 ,ri 5(1)o~ (})
(~ ,S: Ml}"{3W 5Q.ochltD~)
" tt(f)~luril tt1D9-o~ 500fl ,/LV'X 5ori3ttJ? 5p (5Dtt~och

?Ori ~~DttJ~l,~ 50o!/""
.
i
I
"'59A103riu9'O'X 1'O'X 50A1ltq>09A'9

'59'X10X '50A11fA. 1'013A1A. '01'Oriq>'1 'O10~91'O fJ1 5'01A02CJ3"{'01'O'XA.~ 5(1)o~
(} '5'Omlt'9.th- 5Q,omlt'O~ 5\.!.1 51301fA.0"{orio~~ 5139'Olt103lt 511 10X~ri
'50A~ri'X"{Y. 0.01 "D~(f)O~ tto;"opri" A'1 'ctOX9"{1XOV. 0.01 ,,50~lt~9Y1ch
D~(f)O~" A'1 'ltV, "'UOV;, 0.01 1'O'X 5U1J'1oomv, 5\.!.1 ,1ct ''X11UriO(}
A'1 30UArig, A~'1 5910lt 1'O'X '3c\t'OOA.~03lt A~'1 5910lt 1'O}I '9'X11'X"{39
1'O'X ,11000lt AO~"{lt 1'01'010J9'O'X 'Ori~9 '1 '10u10lt I.t'X10ctV AI.t1~
IHIIUVJ IH>lINHVV3 IVIVXdV V1V~Hev~
HJUJV H>lINHW3
~.,.I.I
e
MA6HMA290v
};u xat bLxaLWV, aMxo'U~

qJQeva~, ltaQaoltd~ Eltt A.OO~~...
':AlA-axo~ yaQ El-tltaLtEL 9EO~ 'AqJQobb:a ...
};e bLaqJOQE'tLXT] bLa'tt)JtWOL, 'to. tbLa aXQL~6>~ UltOO't'llQLtEL

ltEQLlta9T]~ EUQLltLb'll~ O'tov 1ltltoA.'U'tO (1268):
"Iv rciv (Jewv a'XaJlnrov qJ(}eva 'XaL {3(}orwv

ayel~, KVn(}l, avvoe 0 nOl'Xllonre(}o~, aJlqJl{3alwv
w'Xvranp nreetjJ.
IIoriiwloe yalav, evaxrJrov (J' (j),JlV(}OV enL novrov... "
};e Eva altooltaolA-a alto 'tT]V xalA-ev'll 'to'U 'tQaycpMa "AuY'll"

O'tT]v bLaltLO'twOL Cl'tL:
xa'taA.~YEL
""Oart~ oe rov "E(}Q)w ov 'X(}{vel (Jeov Jleyav
'XaL vne(}rarov navrQ)v oalJlOVLOV,

a'Xato~ earL r; anel(}O~,
Jlnnore yvw~ (Jewv vne(}wrov... "
no. 'tOY EUQLltLb'll, 0 OltOLO~ EltLt'll'tEL va ltEQLYQUqJ'll aXQaLE~

'ljJ'UXLxe~ xa'taO'tuoE~, 'to. EQW'tLXa ltu9'll dVaL 'to ayalt'lllA-evo 'to'U
gelA-a.
'AxQaLov ltu90~ 0 EQW'ta~. 'OM9QLO~ o'tT]v UltEQ~OA.~ 'to'U.
MHAEIA O"t. 267
""E(}Q)re~ vnee JleV ayav el(Jovre~,
oV'X evoo~{av ova' a(}erciv

na(}eoQ)'Xav avo(}aaw... "
'OM9QLO~
0 "EQw~ xat xa'ta 'tOY 'AltOMOOVLOV 'tOv PObLOV:
"IxerAle e(}Q)~, Jleya nfjJla, Jleya arvyo~ av(J(}QmOlaw'

e'X ae(Jev ovloJleva{ r' eeloe~ arovaxa{ re yoo~ alyea re
all' enL rolaw anel(}ova... "
CAQyovau'tLxa ~-445)
339
OK
,.
uTio'Xn 530n:Ln'X
,
5p, 1n'X '5SJdmo}.103lt 511 '5o.OATig, 5Q-Ol 130~"(ooltOAOTi 13Xj;I '50003:"
(} '0.01 5<,)(h,,(3q"9 50ASJTiUenTio'Xn'X O. nA3Ti13'X ~'X1AX310}.0"( ~O ~Onlt
'A0013}.}.n AoomXOn 5130nl0nOnlt 30 003100D103lt 3Tio.OOU1AnAo.o
M?l ~9 ." o.0031lt9"(1'X10lt" 0.01 5~lJ.nO 511 Ao.OAOocb103lt Aoo02 Aoo,,(2
o.OOooTi11-o.03e o.Ol1DU10ltooOOOlt A~l uTi9'X"9 13~1"(09Tin.o 5oo0SJ1AY.
O. 0.01 o.Ocb"(3q"9 o.OASJTion~oq 1n'X o.01DooM10nlt o.O'X0191oo0lt 0.01
1~o.llt~A"9 1n'X 10U~g,n A~ U"(~9Tio.O ~A 'lto~eU09 ~A ~1}. u11qoocby'
~3e I,t 30UAASJ}.~ A010lt(} A<?l '5010003:" 0.01 59cb"(3q"9 5003190'X1Ti
(} '5oooSJuy. (}In'X 13XO~ltc} 112 <?1DooM n031c,t0Q.3 13A1}. 13Xj;I A~V
I
"
C;
,",I'II:
I
'II
ilJ
i
': ,I
"I"
nunltl,> A3~3TiSJArt~
50003:,. A10lt Aool~Ane"9 50ASJ}. A~ 'XQ.0 ~q A003190II
5<,!lcb 5)3 A3}.n}.~"9 A01<,!lOlt 1n'X 'A0031SJTiI,t 50ASJ}. A30o.31193A~
AQ-0Q.3 Aoonl0~~ ~ln'X 501Xc,tA 513}.1Ti 1U39031lt 13~X ~q 501,}O
5mA1q 103'Xq:lTi3A"9 5C!l'X)3 'Alnoo.oX A10}.c,t031lt A01<,!lA A009"(110
'59A13eOlt (} 50003:,. A310n,,(9j;1 '5m0<J.,> 5mASJTIo,,(,,(31103lt '}O ~~
A<?<!> '50031lt9An"(3Ti I,t ~c,tN 'A01TiSJAUltC} A01D11q:lOlt 131'X11
510lt"(9'X 100013lt"9 A~ .q 5o.09SJ03:.
A~ 5<?An0Q.0 .qQ.o '0~"9 .qQ.o ~q !J,.l
5c,t0Q.3 500nl0~~ 1n'X
'A01<,!lOlt An,,(SJTi 31 599303:" ~c,tN 1n'X A~ 50~X
j ii/JII
I
"
:'1
,,
,
, I
! '
'III
':1
I i il
I'
:5l>1AO}.039 5~AU'X0 5nTi

5~uo~1Tio.e '~'X1unltTin.o A~l '10n1D~q 0.01 UTI'!.> A~1D nloo03:,. A<?l
13~~OU"(lt 'm13')-3131D"9 A~q An12 '5UA~cb01D10y' 5n}.SJTi (} <,!lA3:.
"It051"(2C 13f}XJ)11t~~f)O SO:L(1)og" " :50A1ltq:lOeA"9
1n'X 5~1Dl1nTi}.nOlt 0031900103lt m131ltc,t,,(n'XOlt"9 500qAnA~W
(} 5n1qroTioo)l5n~N 5!J,150ltoo090lt'X~ (} '5nTi 5c,t0'X1Tioo'X 5Q-Ol <?lty.
3:H3:3:0VJ 3:H>IINHW3 3:VIVXdV VIVV\lH9VV\I
HJOJV H>lINHW3

MA9HMA290v
"ot yag K{JJtgLV cpuyOvt~ av9gomoov, ayav VOOOVOL.. "

(Ev(}t3'lw'YJr;)
"oux EOtL :rtaLbayooyo~ av9gomOL~, EgOO'tO~ oM~ aMO~

E:rtLflMotQo~... "
("AAe~tr;)
""EQoo~ bE 'tOOV 9oov toxuv EXOOV :rtAeI.O"t'I'JV bLXVU'taL.. "
(Mevav(}(}or;)
" oii'to~ yaQ aQXLV xaL 9oov 9EA.eL... "
(~oq;ox).:fjr;)
"LU be, if> XUXLO't 9oov t xav9Qoo:rtoov EQOO~,

~ !-L~
bLbaox to. xaxa cpaLvo9aL xaAu,

~ 'tOL~ EQOOO'LV U!-L~~ :rtaQLo'taoo. "
""EQoo~, ro~!-LE EO'L6ci:lV YEVLOV V:rtO:rtOALOV,
XQ'UoocpaEvvoov :rttQuyoov Ml't'I'J~, :rtaQa:rtEt'taL" .

(A vax(}ewv)
""EQoo~ b' EOtLV aAoYLO'to'U tLVO~ E:rtL9'U!-LLa~ V:rtQ(3oA~,

taXLav !-LEv Exo'Uoa 't~v :rtQooobov,
(3QabLav M 't~v a:rtOA.'UO'Lv" ...
341
..
----.--------------------------------~
EMHNIKH ArOrH
IK{j)flO~":
MA9HMATA APXAIAL EI\I\HNIKHL rl\OHHL
15 Nuv EyvWV 'tOY "EQw'tu' ~uQv~ 8EO~.

UAAAE'taL 6 oqJ8uAllo~ llEU 6 6E~LO~'
(lQu Y' t6T}aw uV't<lv;
I'
'A3tollrovi.otJ 'toil Pobi.otJ
l'A~yovutJ'ttxa" -~L~ALOV
r'
('to~EuaL~ MT}6du~)
I
!
a't. 275 TOqJQu 6' EQW~ 3tOALOLO 6L' TtEQO~ t~EV uqJuV'to~ ..
dmu 6' 1mo qJAL-rlV, 3tQoMll<!? EVL, 'to~u 'tuvuaau~,
toMxT}~ a~Afj'tu 3toMa'tOvov E~EAE't' tov ...
t8v~ 6' allqJo'tEQUOL (1)LuaxollEvo~ 3tUAcllluaLv
~x' E3tL MT}6ELU' 't~v 6' allqJuaLT) AU~E 8Ullov' aV'tLu 6' ULEL
~UAAEV En;' AtaovL6T}v alluQuYllU'tU'
'tOLO~ 1mo XQU6LU EtAullEv6~ ULeE'tO Acl8QU,
OiiAO~ EQW~, a3tuM~ bE llE'tE'tQW3tCl'tO 3tUQELU~

E~ XA6ov, UAAO't' EQEU8o~...
'I
ir
NovvotJ
-~L~A.LOV
420v
"ALyaivw Baxxov ue:n:vov lfewra"
II AWVtJO'tUXcl II
a't. 2 eEQllo~ "EQw~, aXLXT}'to~, U3tT}VEllLOV 3t06u 3tUAAWV

U'ljJLVEqJ-rl~, 3t'tEQOEV'tL XU'tEYQUqJEV TtEQU 'tuQal{),
'to~u
O't.
342
qJEQWV qJAOyOEV'tU...
3tUAAOllEVWV 3t'tEQUYWV aVEllw6Eu ~OIl~oV tUMwv,
TtEQ08EV QoL~T}aE ...
13 EIl3tUQU 6Laau ~EAEllVU llL'fj ~uvwau'to VEUQ'fj ...

MA8HMA290v
0''t.100 WVXQov il6wQ, ~LoV'\JO'e, f,Lu'tllV jdec;'

ou Mvu'taL YUQ O'~EO'O'aL 6L'l\JUv EQW'tOC;,
OAOC; QOoC; 'QX.WVOLO.
('0 JtOL'l]'tfJC; BUVIl<l'CEL):
O''t. 142 ... d: f,LEYU 8uuf,Lu,

n:UQ8EVOV E'tQef,Le Bux.xoC;, OV E'tQef,Le qJUAU nyuV'twv.
-AESIAorION
"EQwC;, ayun:ll, qJLAo'tllC;, aQn:vc;, EQomov, EQW'tUQLOV,
'EQw'tL6euc;, '''EQw'tL6LU'', ayun:w, qJLAW, EQU!.1aL, EQW,
EQu'tLsw, O''tEQYW, EQW'tU EXW, EQW'tOf,LUvw, EQw'teUO!.1aL,
EQW'tLUW, EQW'tOAlln:'tW, EQW'tOn:AOEW, 8v!.1uQ~C;,
"EQwc;, 'AV'tEQWC;, MUVEQWC;, 6VO'EQWC;, avux.uf,L'l\JeQwc;.
***
I
343
(
EMHNIKH ArnrH
EQOO~
a.Q~'U~
aQf,tU
&:Qf,t~
&:YCt~rJ
'tCtALS
<pLAO'trJ ~
EQOO'tLOV, EQOO'tCtQLOV
EQOO'tL~Ei)~
EQUVO~
"EQOO'tL~LU:
~oQ'tat "EQffi'tO~
&:YU~OO, <pLAOO
O'tEQYOO
EQUf,taL
EQOO, EQCtOO
EQU'tU;;OO
EQOO'tOf,tUVEOO
EQOOf,tUVEOO
EQOO'tO~A.aVO~
I
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAnnH!
EQOO'tEUOf,taL
EQOO'tLCtOO
EQOO'tO~AOEOO
EQOO'tOArJ~OO
EQOO'tO~OLEOf,taL
EQUO"t~~, EQa<J'tO~
EQCtO"tQLU
EQOO'tOEL~
EQU'tO~
EQU'tELVO~
EQUVVO~
EQCtOf,tLO~
EQUOf,tO~
&:SLEQUO'tO~
E~EQUO'tO~
EQOOf,tUVLU
EQOO~VLOV
EQOO'tLXO~
EQOO'tL<l~
EQOO'tOXQCt'trJAO~
EQOOf,tEVrJ
EQOO'tl.~
EQOO'tO/3ArJ'tO~
EQOO'tOf,tUV~~
EQOO'tOYQCt<pO~
EQoo'to6EOf,trJ
EQOO'tO~L~CtOXUAO~
EQOO'tO~LXrJ
EQOO'tO~'UVUO"tELU
EQOO'tOXCtf,tLVO~
EQOO'tOXQCt'tOOQ
EQOO'tOXQCt'trJ~
EQOO'tOArJ~'tO~
EQOO'tOArJ'ljJLU
EQOO'tO~ULYVLOV
EQOO'tOmXQLaL
EQOO'tO'tOXO~
EQOO'tO'tQO<pO~
EQOO'tUAO~
~OA'UEQUO"tO~
II"
:r",
I'li
,
, '
'I'
KrJQuoooo 'tov EQOO'tU

EO'tL ~. 6 ~UL~ YA'UXU~UXQ'U~,
&:ELAUAO~, roxu~, &:eUf,t/3~~,

OLf,t<l1 YEAOOV,
~'tEQOEL~ voo'tu,
<PUQE'tQO<POQo~
(MEMaYQo~ 177)
344
MA8HMA30ov
"'Am'> Mouaoo'V l'li; KU'toKOlXtl 'te Kut IlU'VLU,

Aupoiiau anuA~'V Kut apu'to'V 'ljJUXtl'V,
EYeLQouau Kut EKpuKxeuouau KU'ta. 'te 'ta~ cpl'la~
KUt KU'ta 't~'V aAAT)'V nOLT)OL'V,
IlUQLU 'tOO'V nUAaLoo'V EQYOl'V Koalloiiau,
'tou~ EmYLyvolle'Vou~ nml'leueL. "
[[laT:. fPa'{tJ(!or; 245 A
Ma81]pa 300v
NEOEAAHNIKH IIO~~
(a' EV6-tr]~)
'E()Vluoi IIolrj1:ai
KAABO~-~OAQMO~-IIAAAMAI
'*
IIEQi. I,.tQOlV" ti'is NEOEll1JVLXf)s IIoL110EOlS

Tu O'r]lleQLvu IlE'tQa 'tfj~ IIOL~O'e(J)~, O'E av'tL~haO''toAf) IlE 'tu
aQxma 3tQomp6Laxu, ovollutoV'taL 'tOVLXU'
(L1wvvaw~ 0 e(!a~: 't6vo~ emiv am7xrJGl~ tpwvfj~ eVa(!flOviov).
"Exouv 6La'tr]Q~O'eL 'tt~ ovollaO'Le~ xat 'tf)V 60Ilf) 'twv aQXaLOeAAr]VLXWV, IlE 'tf)v 6LatpoQu <)'tL't0 O'rJlleLOV 3tOll xa8wQLte'tf)V llaxQu
O'uAAa~f) xa80QLteL O'~lleQa 'tf)V 'tOVLO'IlEVr], 'to M O'r]lleLOV 3tOll
xa8wQLte 'tf)v ~Qaxeia, ~lleQa 3tQ00'6LoQLteL 'tf)V u'tovr] O'uAAa~~.
"E'tO'L Exoulle:
-lJ
'tQoxaLO~ (maae tPonrJ fl' 'to v'tOvtpeul)
lJ-
Lall~o~ (ua'ta {3a(!{3a(!WV 1T:(}6aw~ev
lJlJ
6UX'tUAO~ (~vnva fle &.3t6{3(!aoo vaxrJ yaA1]vrJ)
lJlJ-
avu3taLO"to~
nflo'i(}a nov 'EAA1]VWV)
(E ayanw, d flno(!W aU(!l{3e va aof)
nw mo {3a()v mo MAO mo fleyciA.o;)
345
EMHNIKH ArOrH
v-v- -aj.tqJt~QuX'US; (To xa(Japta 1Cij(Ja .of) fjALOV .0 6(Jopto,

"'(Jeptwvras .i]v AV(Ja .i]v M"'at'Y} a.ov dJpto)
*"
'HWj.tOAOYL'XWS; ~ AeSLS; "j.tE'tQOV" OTjj.tUtVEL j.tu'XQoS;, j.tEYE90S;,

XQOVL'X~ 6LUQ'XELU, 'Xul DXL "eV'tuoL".
'0 rEQUOLj.tOS; I:JtU'taAaS; eXEL uJtoO'tTjQtSEL <hL E'X'tOS; aJto 't~v
JtQOOq>6LU'X~, )eat ~ 'tOVL'X~ O'tLX0'UQytU ELVaL aQxutu EAATjVL'X~. '0
AEyOj.tEVOS; EV'tU'tL'XOS; 'tOVOS; 'tfjs; VEUS; EAATjVL'XfjS; YAWOOUS; 6Ev eXEL
j.tquATj 6LaqJoQa aJto 'tov avuqJEQ6j.tE~0 WS; j.to'U<JL'Xo 'tovo 'tfjs;
aQxutus; EAATjVL'XfjS;. ME 't~v OTjj.tEQLV~ 'tOVL'XO'tTj'tU aJtuYYEAAE'taL
EVu JtOAU j.tquAo JtAfj90s; 'tOVL'XWV O'tLXO'UQYL'XWV Q'U9j.twv 'tfjs;
aQxutUS; j.tUS; JtOL~OEOOS;. 'H avuAoytU ElvaL 'tooo j.tEyUATj Jtov 6Ev
j.tJtOQEL va 9EOOQTj9fj 't'UXUtu. ~Jto 'ta eJtTj j.tUS; 'XUL aJto 't~v I:uJtqJw,
j.tEXQL 'tOVS; 'tQUYL'XOVS; 'XuL 'tLS; VEW'tEQES; EJtLYQUqJES;.
Jt.X.: ''OJ.tTjQoS;:
",at ptlV cpwvfwus e1Cea 1C1:e(Joev.a 1C(Joa'Y}v6a...
1
'I
!
()UX'tVALXQV e1;uflE'tQOV)
Atox. IIEQoaL 155:
Ii
"g {3a()v~wvwv avaaOU, IIe(Jat6wv v1Ce(JrCl.'Y}

ptij1:e(J f} Ee(J!;ov ye(Jata, xal(Je LJa(Jeiov yVVat...
('tQoxu'CXQV 'tE'tQuflE'tQOV)
IIuQu'tTjQouj.tEV O'tL 'ta Mo WS; avoo JtuQu6dyj.tu'tu, 'tOVL'XWS;,

j.taS; 6t60'Uv tUj.t~L'XO 6E'XUJtEV'tUOUAAU~0, XUQU'X'tTjQLO'tL'XO j.tE'tQO
'X'UQtOOS; 'tWV 6Tjj.t0'tL'XWV j.tUS; 'tQUYO'U6LWV...
Xfwas VYlOs eyevyero ae ptu(Jpta(JevLa .a{3Aa
X(]Vaa ~1:aV .0. 1C'Y}(JovVLa rov, "'l OAOx(]vaa .0. mara
"'l f} "'O(]'Y} 1COV .ove ",e(Jv(i aa'Y}pto"'v",Awptev'Y}.
Kl f} ptava rov a.i] ptla pte(]la cp.aveL !;ay(]Leptev'Y}.
revyeaat yd ptov yevyeaat "'l o[ cp(Jay",ol e1CAa",waav.
346
MA9HMA30ov
II(!oAafie p,ava p,ov va loe'i~ noae~ XLALaoe~ elva!,

UL av elvaL OVo va xai(!Op,aL, UL av elva! i(!e'i~ va nivw
UL av elva! ne(!LaaOie(!OL aeAware i' aAoyo p,ov.
'Efiyf/ua yti p,ov UL eloa iOV~ p,a p,ei(!Yjp,o oev exovv.
-Mav(!e p,ov YO(!yoyovare UL avep,ouvuAonooYj
nOAU~ qJo(!e~ p,e YAviwae~ ano i(!aVe~ qJoV(!iOVVe~
UL av p,e YAviwaYj~ UL an aViiJ Oa ae p,aAap,aiwaw.
1:io ep,na XiALOV~ eU01jJe, aiO efiya ovo XLALaoe~
uai ai' aHo ai(!LqJoYV(!Wp,a oev fi(!f/ue YLa va uo1jJeL.
KL 0 ov(!avo~ eaeLaiYjUe, UL r/ OaAaaaa p,ovyuiaiYj!
***
T(!e'i~ TOV(!UOL i(!e'i~ TeviWa(!OL UL ot i(!e'i~
iOV navvo OiAOVV

uai oev p,no(!ovv va iove fi(!ovv p,ov' fi(!iauovv
iiJv uaA~ iOV.
MLU(!~, nov elv' 1 aVi(!a~ aov 1 ~auovap,ivo~
Ttavvo~;
FLa nOLOV aVi(!a p,ov Uyere

nov eyro oev enaVi(!eViYjUa uai anmuo oev exw;
Tov AOYO oev anoawae iOV AOYO oev anoeLne
vaio~ 0 navvo~ aiiJv aVAiJ va p,naivYj
uafiaHa(!Yj~.1
1:mOofioAoVV ia niraAa UL 0 p,av(!o~ XALp,LVi(!aeL

uai ia aiYjOaUta if/~ uaAf/~ aav iO novAi neiovve.
TeLa uai xa(!a aa~ p,niYjoe~, yeLa uai xa(!a aa~
TOV(!UOL
aav ii ayanare, nire p,ov, qJay~ mOio, i(!ayovoL;
C/Jayi, mOio oev OiAovp,e UL a~ AeLnYj iO i(!ayovoL
1. IIQ~A. 'tov OIlTlQL%O mLXo:

"015 lU mlV eerrro E1ro~,
or:' ae' 1]).v(Jov ulnaE.
347

EMHNIKH ArOrH
"'Eva cpEQ/iaVL amXOV/iE, aOVA:WvL'XO cpEQflavL,

If a'Xor:w/ievo If ~wvr:avo ar:~v J"tOA'f/ va ae mi/iE
'Xat va ae J"taQaowaov/iE ar:tr:; m)AE~ r:ov aovAr:avov.
l;'av r:{ 'Xa'Xo r:OV E'Xa/ia /iJ"tQe TOVQ'XOL
r:ov l;'oVAl'aVOV;
Ma J"tw~ oev r:m'Xa/iE~ 'Xa'Xo J"tov oev
r:ov J"tQoa'XvvaEL~...
Ovr:e r:ov eJ"tQoa'Xvv'f/aa ovr:e r:ov J"tQoa'Xvvaw
IIavr:a r:ovr:; TovQ'Xov~ eacpa~a, J"tavr:a
r:ov~ TovQ'Xov~ acpa~w.
TQa{3dr:aL ovo J"ta7:11/iar:a r:ov~ J"ta{QvEL

r:a 'XEcpaAta ...
(Kat Eva vavovQLO!la):
KOLflljaov, yd /iov, 'XaAoyti, O/iOQCPE, OLW/iar:aQ'f/,

YLa va YA'f/yOQO'XOL/i'f/()fi~ 'Xat YLa vaQyo~vJ"tvljan~,
va /iEyaAwan~ va YEvii~ /iEyaAo J"taAA'f/'XaQL,
va 'Xr:evLar:ii~, va otaQ/iLar:ii~, va ar:oAwr:fi~,
v' aAAa~n~,
va 'XaAAL'Xe1jJn~ nlAoyo, J"tov J"tE~J"tar:e'l 'Xat oQe/iEL
fie r:a aEAAoxaA{vaQa r:a XQvao'XEvr:'f//ieVa,
fie r:aa'f//ievta J"ter:aAa 'Xat fie r:a cpr:aQ/iwr:ljQta,
J"tov ad'XEL 'Xat XLAL/iwr:Qa ar:o J"teQYEQo oEflevo,
va J"tayn~ el~ r:ov J"tOAE/iO va AOVr:OJ"toAE/iljan~
Ii' OVAOV~ aov r:ov~ a'XQaV'f/OE~, Ii' OVAOV~ r:ov~
ar:Qar:oAar:er:;.
KL elr:; oJ"toO J"tOAE/iO {3QE()fj~, va {3yfir:; 'XEcpaALwflevo~,
va J"taQn~ xaQE~ 'Xat xaQe~, XWQE~, XWQLa 'Xat 'Xaar:Qa.
(Kat Eva bf]!lO'tLX6, oe lawpL~Qaxu"):
'R avyovAa J"tov VdVat; 'XOVr:eVEL r:o {3Qaov

'Xat /iavQo a'Xor:aoL J"tAa'XwvEL r:~ yfj...
348
MA9HMA30ov
'Avbva; Kcl#..(JO;
("L1wauoe:n:war:e ave/1ot r:ovq dvaq)',,/1ovq A.6yovq...
dJ ... :n:ar:ee avdewv, f3ofJOrwov av r:.qv 'Ellada!")
"Q cpt)" r:arr] naret~
"Q ()aVfJ,aa{a vijao~
Zaxvv()e. 4V f-loiJ eoan-ea~

rqv nvoqv xat roiJ ~no)"),,mvo~
xevad oroea.
ra
"E'tOL hQuyou6T)OE 0 ~V6QEU~ Ko.A~O~ 't1Jv yij onou EYEVV118T),

'tov Mo.Q'tLO 'tou 1792,
'tov 'Imavvr] Ka),,{3o, KEQ'X.UQUto a;LOOflU'tL'X.O 'toov BEVE'tOo.VOOV 'X.UL 't1Jv ~VOetavq Povxavr], 'X.oQT) ;EnEOflEVOU l;u'X.uv8LVOU aQLO'tO'X.Qo.'tT). rI YEVVT)OL~ 'tou OUfl3tLn'tEL flE
't1JV nLo 'X.oOflOYOVL'X.1J nEQLo60 'tau 180u utoovo~. "H rUAAL'X.1J
'Enuvo.o'tuOL~ ex,EL 116T) ;EOno.oEL 'X.UL 'tu YUAAL'X.U o'tQu'tEUflu'tu,
6LUA.UOV'tU~ 't1JV E;OUOLU 'tOOV MY1l6oov, E'tOLflo.l;oV'taL vu 'X.U'tE~OUV
'X.UL mu "En'to.VT)ou. "0 flL'X.QO~ ~V6QEU~, m1Jv nLO 'tQU<PEQ1J lJAL'X.LU,
~LWVEL 't1Jv UnOmOA1J 'tfj~ ~EVE'tOLo.VL'X.T)~ O1'JflULU~
'to Ko.o'tQo,
'to 'X.o.'l\lLflo 'tOU AIMIIPO NT OPO, 'tu 'tQUYOU6LU 'tOU nOLT)'tfj 'X.UL
6UO'X.o.AOU 'tou ~V'tWVT) MUQ'tEAo.OU:
ano
ano
"O()ev ela()e rrov 'E)"),,fJvmv xoxxa)"a oteanaef-leva

na)"ata Xt avreetmf-leva uvea )"a{3ere nvofJv...
at yovet~ 'tou x,ooQLl;ouv 'X.UL 0 nOLT)'t~~, 6E'X.o.x'Qovo~, a'X.oAou8et

'tov nu'tEQu 'tou o'to AL~OQVO. 'Avo.flVT)OL~ u,hfj~ 'tfj~ Enox,fj~, lJ
Q~H En: 9ANATON onou yLit flLU flovu6L'X.1J <poQo., aVU<PEQE'taL
ouvaL08T)flu'tL'X.U OE YUVaL'X.eto nQoooono, 'X.L uu'to ELVaL 'to flT)'tQL'X.O.
("0 Ko.A~O~, onoo~ 0 AtOX,UAO~, ex,EL E;OQLOEL 'tov eQoo'tu
'to
eQYo 'tou).
"Q cpmvfJ, (!J f-lr]reea,
-r _ ,
,
m rmv nemrmv f-lov xeovmv
ara()eea naer]yoer]at~...
,
YR
... noar] aneteO~ apvaao~
f-ld~ sexme{~et...
ano
349
<
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAL EAAHNIKHL rAOHHL
ME 1'OV Jta1:EQa 'to'll r;fj ~LO JtA.av'r)'ta. 'H ()LalloviJ 'to'll o't~v
~allo, oJtO'll ~ %OLVWVL%~ 6LaJtaA.'r) EXEL A.a~EL 6Lao'taoEL~, 'toil
EIlJtVEEL IlLa aJto 'tL~ roQaLa'tEQE~ %aL yvw01'a1'EQE~ cbM~ 1'O'll:
o"
Ei.; ~ci ...

"OaOl r:o X(U",WV xe(}l
fJa(}v r:oiJ cpofJov aia()avovr:al
?;vyov aovA.elar; ar; exwGL.
etAel a(}er:qv ",at r:OA.fl,'f}V
ft eA.ev () e(} ia ....
~'ta. 20 XQavLU 'to'll Ey%a9Lo'ta'taL Ilavo~ o't~v <l>A.wQEV'tLa,
%0V'ta. 01'OV O'll!lJta1'QLOO1''r) 'to'll o-oy%O <1>000%01..0. ~~Lr;EL va. O'r)IlELOOOO'llIlE O'tL E%ELV'r) 1'~V XQOVLa. Jtou 0 KaA.~o~ ElvaL 20 E1'WV, 0
<l>OOO%OA.O~ dVaL 34 XQovwv av6Qa~ %aL 0 ~LOVUOLO~ ~OA.WIlO~
6E%a'tE'tQaXQovo JtaL6L rEVV'r)IlEVOL %aL 01. 'tQEL~ o't~v Za%'llv90,
dxav YLa. JtQw'tO 1'O'll~ 6ao%aA.o 'tov ~V'tOOV'r) MaQ'tEAao.
'I
q,
III
~'t~V 'haA.La, EIlJtA.E%E'taL oE JtOA.L1'L%OU~ aywvE~ %aL 'tOil

aqJaLQoilv 1'0 6La~a1'iJQLO. rQaqJEL 01'OV <1>000%01..0, 0 OJtOLO~ EXEL
avaxwQiJoEL: (18-6-1814) "eyw :n:~oawm",a, av elxa :n:ar:(}iaa r:qv
FaA.A.ia ()a ijfl,OVV fl,f: r:o ",ofl,fl,a r:oiJ Povaaw. '}tUa eyw, exw
IIar:(}iaa fl,la aA.A.'f}... ",at if ailr:q ()a ar:(}ecpwvr:aL :n:avr:a olle(}f:r;
evxer; fl,ov... .
:!)
"
'0 <l>OOO%OA.O~ 'toil YQaqJEL aJto 1'~V 'EA.~E'tLa:

"Oaov acpo(}d eir; r:qv f/Jailv aar;, fl,oiJ ij(}eae ala r:o eA.A.'f}vi?;ov
vcpor; ",at ala r:o 1J1/J'f}A.OV :n:a()or; :n:(}0r; r:qv :n:ar:(}iaa ... Elval
evr:(}o:n:q Ot' ftfl,dr; oinver; eyevvil()'f}fl,ev ",at efl,eyaA.waafl,ev ala
va fl,a()wfl,ev eir; 2 :n:e(}i:n:ov er:'f} r:qv yA.waaav r:oiJ 'Ofl,iI(}ov, r:oiJ
eov",vOiaov ",at r:oiJ IIA.ar:wvor;, va r:qv 'ljJdA.i?;ovfl,e fl,OA.lr;, or:av
aA.A.Ol, o:n:wr; ol Fe(}fl,avot fl,er:a;v r:wv o:n:oiwv ev(}ia"'Ofl,al, ",ar:aaa:n:avoiJv 8r:'f}, war:e e:n:t r:eA.OVr; r:qv Ofl,lA.OiJV ",at r:qv evvooiJv
",aA.A.ir:e(}ov a:n:o ftw1r;. 'E",r:or; Of; r:ijr; evr:(}o:n:ijr; elvaL ",at fl,eyaA.'f}
?;'f}fl,ia alon Of;v mar:evw
aA.A.aL alaVOlaL avvavr:aL :n:or:f: va
on
350
MA9HMA30ov
xa'Wvo~aovv, Xat oa 'Cnv 1jJVxe0'C'Y/'W 'Cij~ q)1)aeW~ xat Ota r:rjV
'Ceaxv'C'Y/'W uilv lOWIUixwv, -crjV s,wnv xat 'Co. nVeV/ia'W 'Co. ono'ia
'Coaov eVXeew~ ovvape()a iJ/ie'i~ va avnA'Y/cp()W/ieV... "
TEALXa. 6 KUA~O 'tasLbEUEL oto AovbLVO O:ltO'll Ot Tuq.L toil
XUVO'llV :ltOAU EVVO(XE XQLtLXE xaL :ltaQO'llOLUOEL tOOV bLaAESEWV to'll. 'E:ltL :ltAEOV, aoxEL !.LEyUA'Il yO'lltELa OtL !.La8-rltQLE to'll
xaL OtL bLU<POQE X'llQLE tOOV X00!.LLXOOV XUXAWV. AEV EXEL bLaow8il xa!.L!.LLa a:ltELXOVLOL to'll, yvwQLt0!.LE o!.LW a:lto :ltEQLYQ(l(PE OtL ~to !.LEtQLo'll avaot-rl!.Lato, !.LEAaXQOLvo, !.LE tW'IlQa.
!.Luna, ~'Il!.LatLO!.LO ~aQu xaL :ltOAU EVYEVLXOU tQO:ltO'll.
TL 10 :ltQOOtE QAE~ tL t'll:ltWVEL !.LOAL e:ltLotQE<pEL OtiJv
'ItaALa. MEta<pQutovtm a!.LEOw Ota. raAALxa. xaL exMbovtm
OtO IIaQLOL O:ltO'll tov a:ltoxaAoilv VEO IILvbaQo. 'IbLmtEQw
Evt'll:ltWOLutEL 'tl QAH EI. tov IEPON AOXON :ltOU ava<pEQEtm
OtiJv 8'lloLa toil IEPOY AOXOY OtO AQayatOuvL. ~'llYXLVEL xat
XLV'IltO:ltOLEL tiJv o:lto'llbuto'lloa VEOAaLa, a<poil 6 IEPO~
AOXO~ a:ltaQtLtOtav a:lto vEa :ltmbLa. :ltOU ~oav x'llQLw <pOLt'lltatxat o:lto'llbaotaL.
:4.~
/in
f3ee~'Y/ no'Ce
'Co aVVVecpOV, xat 0 aVe/iO~
aXA'Y/eO~ a~
axoenia'Y/
'Co XW/ia 'Co /iaxaeOV
nov a{i~ axenas,et.
/in
"Q yv~Oa 'Cij~ 'E).Aaoo~
dxva, 'ljIvxal nov eneaar:e

el~ 'Cov aywva avoeelw~,
'CaY/ia eXAeX'CWV 'Hemwv,
xavX'Y//ia veov...
AvtiJv aXQL~oo tiJv e:ltoxiJ 6 KUA~O a:lto<paoLtEL va. Y'llQLo'll
OtiJv 'EAMba YLa. va. :ltOAE!.L-rlO'll XL auto YLa. tiJv eAE'll8EQLa t'll.
351
4IIIij
EMHNIKH ArnrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA~
EMHNIKH~ rJ\n~~H~
'Ynee yoviwv xat dxvwv

vnee yvvaLxwV
vnee na7:eioo~ neOXet'raL
Xat naa1]~ -rfj~ 'EAAaoo~
Dato~ aywva~...
I
I
~"t0 aJtOXaLQE"tL<J"ttlQLO YQafl!,I,U "to'll JtQo~ "tov o"tQa"t'l']Yo

AacpaYLE"t, JtQooJtaewv"ta~ va XLVtl0'l'] "to EvbLacpEQOV "tWV CPLAEAAtlV(J)V YLa "t~V EJtavaOWO'L, "tOVLtEL:
I-rea -r1]yi,
-r~v "'f-liea nov eXLVovvevau -r~v ~Qnl aa~ a-r~v "Af-leeLxq,
oev enOAef-lOVaau f-lovaxa yui -r~v ave~ae-r1]aia av-rfj~ -rfj~
xwea~. ot aexe~ -rfj~ oLxatoaVV1]~ xat -rfj~ ~(hxfj~ IJGav f-lneoadL adL f-lana aa~. I-rearl]yi, yui dw tOto axono XL ef-le'i~ nOAef-lOVf-le ... IIoAv qnwXot yui va f-lnoeiaovf-le va avv-r1]eqaovf-le
-rov a-rea-ro xat -rov a-roAo f-la~, xwet~ xaf-lf-lia naioevaw YLa va
oxVewaovf-le -ra PeaxLa f-la~, naAevovw~ evavna a' evav ex()eo
nov DAO x-rvmiwL xat DAO ~ava~wvwveveL, -reLyvewf-livOL ano
nayioe~ nov a-rqvovv ot XeLanavLxe~ xvpeevqaeL~ nov eYLvav
o[ aVf-lf-laxOL -rwv ex()ewv -rov evaytyeA.{ov, exovw~ va avnf-le-rwniaovf-le -rk oOALe~ neoacpoee~ f-lul~ neoawaia~ nov 0 Aao~ f-la~
oev -r~v e~q-r1]ae, ()a vnoxv'ljJovf-le; "OXL a-rea-r1]yi... "Eva e()vo~
nov OAOXA1]eO avnXeV~eL mv~ ex()eov~ -rov f-le xawcpeOVta,
-rov -racpo mv f-le aOtacpoeia, oev f-lnoee'i va VLX1]()fj... Me Avn1]
eyxawAemw -r~v FaUia. To xa()fjxov f-le xaAe'i a-r~v nmeioa
YLa va ex()iaw axof-la f-lLa XaeOLa a-ra nvea -rwv
MovaovAf-lavwv... "
***
9MI, m~v aQxaLa 'EAA.aba, ~oav uOflaw acpLEQ(J)flEva moiJ~

eeoiJ~ xat O'UVobEvov-rav aJto flo'UaLX~ uJtOXQO'UO'L. ~"t~v VEW"tEQ'I']
JtOL'I']O'L, (bb~ EIVaL eva A'UQLXO JtOL'I']fla flE "to OJtOLOV Es'Uflvouv"taL
flEyaAE~ JtQasEL~, tbavLxa, JtQoo(J)Jta .. To JtOL'I']"tLXO EQYO "tou
KAABOY, flLXQO OE oyxo aAM flEyaAo OE JtEQLEXOflEVO, aJtaQ"tLtE-
352
MA9HMA30ov
ano
'taL
20 OAE~ XL OAE~ (h6E~. Ta XUQLa 8Efla'tU 'to'll dVaL ~ 'AQE't~
xal ~ 'EAE'll8EQLa, ~ aQxaLa Msa, ~ Aa'tQda YLa 't~V 'EMU6a, 'tOv~
nQoyOVO'll~, xal 'to flLOO~ 'to'll xa'ta 'tmv 't'llQUVVOOV. K'llQLOO~ 0flOO~ ~
IIATPI~A, ~ IIATPI~A, ~ IIATPI~A. MOVOflEQELa flOva6LX~
LOOO~ O't~V LO'tOQLa 'tfj~ AOyO'tEXVLa~.
'rQ 'EAAa~,
iJJ II a7:(}i~ flOV
eA1CiOWV YAV"V1'a1'wv
fl~1'1](}. Ie f3U1Cw a"ofl a
~waav "at flaXOfleV1]V
"at ava/l,aflf3'avw ...

"
Kat uv(}a, 8l~ 1C(}oawaiav fla~

xe(}ta aa~ a1CAwv8u,
T(}af3ij~u 1'a ()1fiaw ...
nx
... llo1'e el~ 1'ijv yijv of dfJava1'ot

WV~ A1]a1'a~ Mv acp~vovv
anflW(}~1'oV~.
'H !l'tQLXTw xed 1) yl..m(J(J(J. 'toil Kcil..(Jo\l dVaL xa8aQm~ 6LXU'tO'll

Emvoi)fla'ta. '0 O'tLXO~ 'to'll flEyaAonQEni)~, Em~ArJ'tLxO~, qJEQVEL
av'tLAaAO'll~
't~v aQxaLa EMrJVLX~ 'tQaycpbLa xal flLflEL'taL XOOQl~
va 'to XQU~rJ 'tOV IILv6aQo xal 'tov 'AAxaio. ~avdt;E'taL MSEL~
'tov "OflrJQO xal EnrJQEUt;E'taL
'to ~rJflO'tLXO TQayou6L. 'H nOLrJ'tLxi) 'to'll nQoooonLxO'trJ~ EnAaOE 't~V t6LXi) 'to'll YAmooa, onoo~ 6
IIana6LafluV'trJ~ xal 6 Ka~u<prJ~. "Eva t6Lo't'llnO YAOOOOLXO avaxu'toofla aQxaLa~ xal vEa~ nov no'te 6ev flLAi)8rJXE:
ano
ano
ano
'rQ ayyeAwv llau(} "at avo(}wv...

'rQ Aafl1C(}o1'a1'1] "O(}1] 1'oiJ L1to~, "oaflov flOV1]
1Ca(}1]yo(}ia...
353
......
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rJ\O!!H!
'Em't'Uxfl EX'tLIl'I'JOL 'tfl~ "KUAf3ELCt~ YAWOOU~" EXEL XUVEL 6

NLX'I'J(lJ6Qo~ BQE't'tUXO~:
<0 Ko.A{3o~ eyvw(Jll;e "C~v haAl'X~ 1Co{rwYj, "C~v {3vl;av"Clv~
'Xat "C~v a(Jxa{a, eyvw(Jll;e "Co OYjfl0"Cl'XO "C(Jayovol. ~V oev eyvw(Jll;e "C~v a(Jxa{a 1Co{YjaYj oev 00. eY(Jaq;e:
"T(Jesau, oevu of "((VV <EU1jvwv 1Caioe~ -nAO' 6 'Xal(Jo~ "Cfj~
06sYj~- "Cov~ eV'XAeei~ 1C(JOYovov~ fla~ - a~ fllflYjOWwv. "
~ v Mv eyvw(Jll;e "C~v {3vl;av"Clv~ oev 00. eY(Jaq;e:
"IIoAveAeo~ elaal 'Xat {3oYjOov ae 'X(J!ll;w ... "
Kat av Mv eyvw(Jll;e "Co OYjfl0"Cl'XO "C(Jayovol, e1C{aYj~ oev 00.
'Y(Jaq;e:
":E"Ca 1CAovata 1Ce(Jl{3oAla fla~ -{3aatAl'Xo~ 'Xat 'X(J{VOl... ".
"000 YLa 'tT)V IlE'tQLX~, 'to Kcil..lhov Mi't'Qov, JtUV't'O'tE 'Iullf3Lx6v,

ElvaL JtQO'tLIlW'tEQO va axouoo'UIlE 'tL MEL 6 L6LO~:
"Of adxol 7:OV~ 11Co{ov~ efle"Caxel(J{aOYjv el~ "C~v 'Xawa'Xev~v "Cwv Q,,1QN flOV avv{a"Cav"Cat e'X avvll;1jaewv 'Xat "Covwv
'Xat Aeyovwl e1CwavAAa{3ol fle 1C(JoOeaw 1CevWavUo.{3ov, exov"CO~ "Cov "Covov el~ "C~v 1Ca(JaA11yovaav. 'J11C0 "C~v avva(Jfloy~v
"Cwv Otaq;o(Jwv 7aVAAo.{3WV, 0sv"Covwv, 1Ca(Josv"Covwv If 1C(Jo1Ca(Josv"Covwv, y{VOVWl 576 e'toYj q(JWl'XWV adxwv. MlflovfleOa
oV"Cw "Co. 'Xw1jflaw "Cfj~ 1/Jvxfj~... "
,Ii
,
'I"
,
"
I::
,
I
I
0 KUAf3o~, yUAO'UX'I'JIlEVO~ Ile 'tT)V aQxuLa JtOL'l'JOL, JtEQL(lJQOVeL

'tT)v 61l0LOXU't'aA'I'J~LU. IILo'tEuEL O'tL ~ aJtuQV'I'}OL~ 't'I'J~ EJtU'U~UVEL 'tT)V
clQIlOVLU. MEQLxe~ (lJoQe~ 6ev UrtO(lJEUYEL va XQ'I'J(JLIlOJtOL~<J'I') XUJtOLU
EOO)'tEQLXT) "QLIlU". no. OAU uu'ta 6 KUAf3o~ 6ev E~UV'tAEL't'aL o'to
JtQw'to ~ O'to 6EU'tEQO 6Lu(3uoIlU. "OJtro~ ~ XAUO(JLXT) 1l0'UOLX~, 'to
XUSE UXO'UOIlU aJtoxuAUJt'tEL XUSE (lJoQa XU'tL XaLVOUQYLO.
354
+'"
,
MA6HMA30ov
1\.:7tO riJv QLJHN E12 LJOEAN.

IIe(}icp'YjfJ,O 1/JvXal
7:(}taxoaiwv Aaxwvwv,
1/Jvxat ai :rtov eoo~aaa7:e
7:CJV ~aw:rtov xal 7:' aAaOf;
7:oiJ Ma(}a()wvof;
'E:rtt 7:0V 'YfJ,'Yj7:7:0V
e{3Aaa7:'Yjaev 1] oacpv'Yj,
CPVAAOV ie(}ov a7:0A,{set
7:a q(}elJ'twfJ,eva Ael1/Java
7:oiJ IIa(}()evwvof;
~ ve{3a a7:i1v a(}a{3wv
'O()wfJ,avf: cpo(}aoa
7:i1v cpvYilv xa7:eyx(}~fJ,vtaov
eU'Yjvtxa ()'Yj(}ia
af: xa7:a7:(}exovv ...
'rQ "'EAA'Yjvef;, (!J ()eiat 1/Jvxal

:rtov elf; 7:OVf; fJ,eyaA.Ovf; xwovvovf;
cpave(}wve7:e aXctav7:0v eve(}yetav
xat v1/J'YjAilv cpvatv...
xaL va xa'taQuhm 'tov~ EXSQOU~ 'to'll~:

2XA'Yj(}G., oeu..a ava()(}efJ,fJ,a7:a 7:iff; :rt07:a:rtiff; ~aiaf;
"E(}yov 1](}WWV av acpa~e7:e aovva7:a :rtat6ia
"E(}yov 1](}WWV av :rtvi~e7:e 7:af; 7:(}vcpe(}af; yvvaixaf;
xat7:a ye(}ovna. ..
***
'0 1\.v6Qia~ KUA~O~ EcpSao on) NaU:7tALO "YLa va ExSio'r) 'tTJv

XUQ6LU 'to'll o'ta :7t'llQa 'tWV MO'llOO'llA!lUVO>V" 'to XUAOXULQL 'to'll
1826. ot 6LUCPOQ~ CPU'tQL~ :7tOV 6Lx6LXO'llOUV 'tTJV e~O'llOLU !lE'ta
355
"'5ltDcp~ {Jarl /frt OllJlt~e 'QJla3lM3~ ?lJU ltX~r 1t,!?1)! :" 9'K1l.OTiUg" <?:L
9Sf
'''{gall 'I
'II tf,ml.ptf,vop tf,wl. S01~ptf,p mtf,1'l 1l.f? mOf}3l.012t

l?tf, mrlof}3yo'Xoag ,130!fg13tf,aO !Jtf,W'X !Jl. tf,~ uOOJOmtf,1.,30V2t tf,m1.,9Y
tf,ml.opogo2tVtf,p ~r'lI :A<i)l,CP> ,1J... 1,>'f,(O:LC 3c1tDOJ...3:" 'S1c1tet"f9%0:LC~
Dpi 3~O!J.:LCA. 'o13,,(OO:LCom,,(D:LC DAj! ~O O"("(~ 1l.~%

-JDXetl. SpnD"(DU s!J.l.oOO)l
1,>1J... SmAoAX~clt '500
uel,t"( A~l. ,?:LC~ 30etO?A~ og"(~)1 A,?~

'DQ~,,(,,(3:.
A~l.D SOl.UOI,tl.DOD:LC~ S<!>"(3l.A~ 30DO?:LC~ etOl. S9l.DA~e
0.
"'10l.%
I
-10A~ ADO~ A?Q 10AD0C;1.O 10 1l.Q ml.3AJDro [II vgJOl.D2t tf,lp s]3 V03r1
-cprlw'X tf,Dl.f? tf,Otf,9r1 SOl.Vtf,PO 9 SQ-'Xayl., mtf,lt! 'tf,odJpl. tf,{Jl. tf,yl., tf,Utf,1~
s]3 aorl vOJ.orllf uO(pg g.orllfrl S'!!II !J.eUXQ-3 3X13 Anl.O" 'AOl.%J...1l.A?)I
Q.0l. A01ol,tl.Un10)l ,?l.
513
uro~l.3:. 'eetO~v ,?l.O
6981
,?l. 3ADe?:LC~ SOA?n
,"'I
,Ii
-uAonou"( 1D% on~J... 003l.c,t.3Q DAj! ~AD%a, DJ,,(J...J...V. A~l.O 3c1t30l.D?:LC~

1D% A<!>l.~
09 DJ%1"(~
?o DOet%O?)I A~l. ,?:LC~ 3J...etroj1 Sog"(~)1
0.
II 'SOtf,9 r1 l?oV2t l?Yv'X Sptf,v'X y~ tf,{lVII :etOl. 91J..

9 ~XO:LC~ A~l. UAJ3%3:. SetOl. 9l.etD~
-9"(oo3n~ ,?l.O 3AOOJ3nuo~ S,?noo,,(o:s:
A,?l.O 1D% SetOl. DJ%l0 A~l.O !J.l.D13,,(% AnXp (130<pJ...U"(:LC 3X13 A,?l. Q.O:LC
etOl. SDO?l.Un S!J.l. On100?ro ,?l.1D% S3%JQ S?%l>13A3J...0%10 S?%1nOAoou"(%
9)
-c,t.~etO S!J.l. Ol.DA~e A,?l. ,?:LC~ Sog"(~)1
S1l. ,?:LC~ SOA?nOOA3eetO~~ S,?noo,,(o:s:
'etOl. SU09% S!J.l. 1D% etOl.
etoJ...
'oc,t.Q 10 1D% 10A?net3l.UoJ...0:LC~
'oc,t.Q 10 1D% S3}nOOM010etro S3l.1090:LCOetV '3~OOJQ3:LC~ A~l. A?Q S13AD%

1D% 1,>,,(,,(~ 1DUl.A~ActO DJn 3%UeI,tAO~ A?Q oc,t.Q SQ.Ol. ,?:LC~ S1 3AD )I
'!J.,,(:LCr;> ,?1:LC mAp 1,>A l>13el,t"(~ ~ 1,>%1,,(3l. SOOO!.. '30Q.OeD:LCnetO A,?l. A?Q
S,?noo,,(o:s:
9 1l.Q
10"("(~ 1DX SOl.ODJOU,,(:LCO,,(O%oetQ Al>l.~ Sog"(~)1
I:
!
'
9 1l.Q
3A?,,( 10"("(Y" :?l.0:LC AD%UeI,tUDActO A?Q 1Dl.U1O:LC 10"(~J...3TI oc,t.Q 10 Jl.DU

:l>1J...9,,(
,?etQ ?W :Sog"(~)1 9 30U"(?e ,?l. A?Q SOO:LCl,tn H" :og"(~)1 A,?l.
?n ~roD:LC~ DJnnD% 3X13 A?Q 'DOet%O?)I A~l.O SOA13%~ 1% 30Q.0%10l.D%

3l.9l. Q.O:LC S,?noo,,(o:s:
9 Jl.l>U :DJOO:LC~ S!J.~~ ~
1,>AXetO !J.eOO:LCetl.l>1Q 13X3:"
'SI,tADro~ 'SOA?net3l.UoJ...0:LC~ 'S9,,(U:LCOO10 l>1A90X
SZ
UO~03:LC 1,>e etO:LCQ
DOet%O?)I A~l. 1,>1J... 13J...c,t.3<fl 'AQ.OOM~ A,?~ '11 vgJ0l.V2t tf,lfl. ?v'X tf,{Jl.Q-v
,1g tf,orl1Y1dJep II 1,>13,,(etOQ DJn A~% ADOOOQj1 Q.0l. A?V '9n01l.OO10l.D:LC etOl.
903J...0"(ro A,?l.O DJoDnuo ADOOOQj1 A?Q 'et0JJ...J...0"(003W Q.0l. oQo~j1 A~l.
~HEUVJ ~H>lINHW3 ~'v'IVXd'v'
HJUJ'v' H>lINHW3
'v'1'v'II\IH8'v'1I\I
..

MA9HMA30ov
Toil acpliQoooE a'Ko/l'l1 'KaL 6E'KmtEvtaOuAAa~oll~:
~avav()o /3(Jaxo (broav(Jr6~, ara.i(JLamo~, ",ovaxo~
~wa",evo~
",e rij~ A-v(Ja~ rov rov'Qx8a.VO Xl 0 Kw./3o~...
KaL O'tlJV nEQLcp'l1/l'l1 6LUAE;L 'tOll YLa 'tOV KUA~O O'tOV

IIaQvaooo, hOVLOE:
"'0 Ka;'/3o~ aV7JXel el~
yevo~ fXe{VWV oirLVe~ 8(JXOVia.l
ro
xat na(JE(JxoVrat iva OlXatW()Wat ",era ()avarov ... "
ot EQEllVE~ YLa 'tlJv aVEuQEOL 'toil 'tUCPOll 'tOll 'KaL 'tlJV llE'tacpoQa
'tWV oO"twv 'tOll OCPELAOvtaL OE L6LOO'tL'KE~ nQoonu9w;~. eo KunQLO~
~vrwv1J~ 'Ivnavo~ UQXLOE 'tL\; EQEllVE~ 'to 1924 'KaL aVE'KUA1J'ljlE 'tOV
'tucpo 'to 1937 /lE 'tlJv ~oiJ9ELa 'toil LeQioo\; 'tfj~ 'EM'I1VL'Kfj~ E'K'KA'I10La~
'toil AOV6(,VOll. 'Ev 't<P /lE'ta;v E'K'I1QuX9'11 0 nOAE/lO~ 'KaL /lOAL~ 'to
1960 EnE'tEux9'11 " /lE'ta'Ko/lL6lJ 'tWV oo'twv 'tOll, /lE nQoo'to~ollALa
'tWV MV(Jl/37JA-Yj, BeVE~1J, IIh(Jov Xa(J1J 'KaL rew(Jyov ZW(Ja.
TO. oO"td 'toil KUA~Oll Ecp9aoav O"tlJv 'EAA.a6a O"tL\; 19 MaQ'tLoll
1960. l:'to aEQo6Qo/lLO 'toil eEM'I1VL'Koil, ayiJ/la'ta O"tQa'toil ani6oooav 'tL/lE\;. ME'tECPEQ9'11oav /lE Em~A'I1'tL'KlJ nO/lnlJ o'tov Nao 'toil
'AYLoll 'EAEll9EQLOll M'I1'tQonoAEoo~, onoll EnL 'tQEL\; "/liQE~ onoll6ao'taL, /la9'11'ta.L, nAfj9o\; anAwv av9Qwnoov, nEQvoiloav 'KaL nQoO'Kllvoiloav. l:'tL~ 5 'IollvLoll /lE 'to nOAE/lL'KO Xa'tt'l1'Koovo'ta.vtlJ\; /lE'tEcpEQ9'11oav o't~v YEVE'tELQU 'tOll.
eH "()av",aaia vijao~ Zaxvv()o~", O'l1/laLOO'tOALO"t'l1 'KaL unEQiJcpaV'l'} uno6ix9'11'KE 'to 'tE'KVO 't'l1~. "ll'tav nQooL KllQLa'Kfj~. eH nAa'tELa
'tOil AL/lEvo~Qaxiovo~ 'Ka'tu/lEO''t'l1. MEoa o'to nAfj90~ 'tWV o'tEcpaVLWV ;EXWQLtE E'KELVO 'toil 6'11/l0OLOYQUCPOll KEcpaAA'I1Voil. "H'tav
Eva 'KAa6L ano 'to 6EvtQO 'Ku'too ano 'to OJt()LO 0 ~LOvUOLO~ l:oA.oo/lO\;
dXE YQU'\jJEL 'tov "Y/lvov nQo~ 't~v 'EAE1J9EQLav, O'tOALO/lEVO /lE
aYQLoAouAoll6a 'tfj~ Za'K1JV9LVfj~ y'ij\;. TO. oo'td 'toil nOL'I1'tfj E'tUCP'l1oav o'to nQoauALO 'toil ~1J rtW(JY1J rwv tl.lXWV, o'tov 'tono nov
Elxav oQ'KLo9fj 0 Ko;'oxor(Jwv1J~, 0 II;'anovra.~, 0 ~o;'w",6~...
357
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIA~
EJ\J\HNIKH~ rJ\O~~H~
L4.~ flq fJ(}e~'Y/ n07:e

7:0 avvvecpov, xal 0 aveflo~
aXA'Y/(}O~ a~ flq axo(}nla'Y/
7:0 xmfla 7:0 flaXa(}LOV
nov ae axena~el...
*** '
AtovV(Jto; !:o),roP.U);
("M1jyaelq exw cLUo 07:0 voii llov

nueeg 'EAev(}eela xal rA,(jjaaa; ")
I
"LlLOvvaLO~ K6fl'Y/~ IOAWfl6~, vlo~ 7:oiJ K6fl'Y/7:0~ NlxoAaov

IOAWfloiJ xal 7:fj~ xv(}la~ ~yyeAlxfj~ NlxA'Y/, eyevv1j()'Y/ el~ 7:qv
Zaxvv()ov 7:qv 8'Y/v ~n(}lAtov 1798 ".
01, ltQOYOVOL 'tou ~OAWIlOU Elxav EASEL Cmo 'ti]v KQ~'t'r). "Hoav
E'i"YEVEL~ IlE xaAi] SEOL O'tO XQ'llOO BL~ALO 'tfj~ ZaxuvSo'll.
0 jtoL'r)'ti]~ EIlELVE EvvEa E'tOOV oQ<pavo~ alto lta'tEQa, XA'r)QOVO1l0~ Ila~l. IlE 'tov a6EA<po 'to'll ~'r)Il~'tQLO 'tfl~ IlEyaA'r)~ ltEQLO'llOLa~ 'toil
lta'tEQa 'to'll~. 0 x'r)6EIlWV 'to'll XOIl'r)~ MEoaAa~ 'tov EO'tEtAE alto 'ta
10 'to'll XQovLa va olto'll6ao'r) o~i]v 'IwAta: Bever:ia, K(}efl6va,

IIafJla... Ta ltQoom 'to'll Y'lJIlVaOllam OE Aa'tLVLxou~ xal. haALxou~
O'tLXO'll~ E<paLvov'tO 'tooov avw'tEQa 'tfj~ ~ALxLa~ 'to'll WO'tE
haAO~
6aoxaA6~
'to'll, 'toil EAEYE: GRECO, TU FARA! DIMENTICARE IL

NOSTRO MONTI ("EM'r)va, Sa Ila~ xaV'r)~ va ;E)CaoO'UJlE 'tov MoV'tL
JlU~).
'EyUQLOE O'ti]v Zax'llvSo 20 E'tOOV xal. 6EV aoxoA~S'r)XE IlE 'tL:rto't'

&Mo ltaQa IlE 'ti]v ltOL'r)OL. 0 ~. TQLxoult'r)~ 'tov EltELOE O'tL 0 ltQoOQLOIlO~ 'to'll ~'tav 0XL va Aa~'r) IlLa AallltQi] SEOL o'tov haALXo
I1aQvaooo, aAAa va SEJlEALWO'r) 'ti]v vEa <ptAOAOYLa o'ti]v EMa6a.
"E'tOL, Eyxa'tEAEL'tjJE 'ti]v haALxi] YAooooa xal. IlE ~wV'tavi] 'ti]v O'llVaLOS'r)OL mh~ ~ altOO'tOA~ 'to'll ~'tav va YLV'r) 0 ltOL'r)'ti]~ 'tfj~ 'EAM6o~,
O'llVEXLOE va O'UVSE't'r) ltQooltaSwV'ta~ va 6LalloQ<PWO'r) Eva ~OLO
YAWOOLXO oQyavo IlE 'ti]v IlEAE't'r) 'toov 6'r)1l0'tLXOOV 'tQaY0'll6LOOV xal.
'tl.~ ltm6LXE~ avallv~oEL~ alto 'ta axouolla'ta, o'ti]v Zax'llvSo, 'toil
KQ'r)'tLxoil eEa'tQO'll.
358
f
MA8HMA30ov
"'000 toiioe E6ruwoLe'Uoe H.aXLOtU nOLfJIJ.atU. Ta mo 6'111l0qJLA:f]

%'U%AoqJogoiiouv OE xeLgoygUqJU. (SUV()OVAU, "AYVWelOrr] %.f...rt.). '0
("Y,uVO~ ar~v 'EAev()Ee{U toil ExagLOe tOV tLtAO toil 'E8vL%oil
IlOL'I1tfj.
"'OtUV nE8uve (1857) OAOL negLllevuv 3tCh~ 8a uqJ'I1ve lleyaAu
EQYU noil ~tUV YVWOtO otL 0'UvE8ete. !iEV PgE8'11%uV OIlW~ nuga
anoonUOllutu. l:%ognLe~ OtQOqJE~ %ui. OtLxoL, EVu nAfj80~
"avvre{,u,uuru". "EXeL AeX8fj otL 6EV 6LU8EteL tilv O%E-tIJL %ui. tilv
AOYL%il aOqJLu toil I1uAulla. oihe tilv nQoofJAwOL otilv aqJ'I1Q'I1IlEV'I1
I.MU, toil KaApo'U. 01. OtLXOL to'U, nOMoi. ano toil~ onoLo'U~ 6Leoro8'11ouv OE bUo %ui. tgeL~ 1l0QqJE~, ta Aeyollevu aXEouia,uuru, EX0'UV
IlLU ESOX'I1 anf...Ot'l1tu noil toV E%UVe ngoOLto %ui. tov EqJege %ovta
OtOV AUO 0 onoto~ tov Et...atge'l\le.
!idYllutU ano ta 6LaqJogu oxe6LaOllUtU noil aVUqJEgoVtm

Otilv nOALOQ%La toil MeoooAoYYLO'U:
OIEAEY8EPOIllOAIOPKHMENOI
To xueu,uu brfjeu
rov "'HAwv ro oeo,uo,
KeE,uwvra~ r~ AVea
T~ ot"alr] '~ rov (h,uo,
Kt' an' onov XaeU?;El
""Q~ onov /3v()6.,
7"
,
-It'
'''-It
'
, -It c'
.L a ,uana uEV Eluav ronov EVuO",07:EeOV
ano ravro ro (UWVU"l.
II.
IIaeu,uEea are"El
'0 avrea~, "at. "Aa{El'
"Aeya ro rovcpe"l
2r]"WVEl, "at. ).tEL'
359
09
31t[J013yX ,!fJ vwrlO,!? P9l. lOUOVX lVX MWItJVl.g V1(}It,!? PrJ 1)]
'31t[J0'(31. lVX MW9300X V:L(1)0'i/", It{Jl. '!rl5uYJouY. 0,
IS: DTIODJ93X&
5aol. p1fJOO~ l. ltaoltJdJp ,1X '5Ul. OXfJ9r1 {Jl. 3(taOItOJVU lV)]
'ultlrlmyogoXfJori l. OfJfJag,!? Itl. 5,!rI m:Lltolt9X
'Vltlrl(1)l.10VX ~031t 'pxayl. lVX V10P(}VX ~03N
50ltlrlmrla(}02t1y lVX 5{Jrlm~.1vy13X 5 Ol.fJaoxplt y.
'5 aoXfJorl
,
lVX 5lV1fJ00~ 13Yx lVX 3fJ(1):LIt9odJ, 90u, 'P'XfJ l. 5,!rI lV)]
'vo'll 5ul. p13xayI. l. lVX yvx Itl. 30fjU 51fJ9 dJ 1f.)J
'1YJOuY. 1t{J(}ItV~ It{Jl. ,!rI {JooX 5vl.(1)0'i/", 9 PUl.fJ'i/",
j9tiO'DOaH 0,
" '30l~ {Jl. 5{Jltuovl.y' 9 1X '9ovg 53M31., [Jor! Q-fJ Q-0uO,
:101X {Jl. 5, cpl., (1)Xf! P J:L '9M3:LOXfJ 1xldJaol. orlo'i/",,,
013JVYX lVX 'v03r1poVU 5{Jyvx 9 5ul.cp1yaog 9 13Xll.g
.13lltrl vltprllf vuprl ~l. 5, 03m09vrI~ Vlt13U If V1l.prl ~.z
'393yU~ {Jl. vltprllf ,x 'J013UfJ 131t0JVU 'Jyaou 13YvV
,393Y1fJvg ourlpx It{Jl. 5, U(1)1fJ aodJpl. [JOl. voxv,.,
IS: DTIm)J93X&
"131t0(}dJ vltprllflV)]
'1XP013UfJ 13XfJJOg lV)]
'1J,1. l.a01t9U [JOl.g.
1xpyaou {Jl. 13YVV
oaooJ3ltfJ 5a01XfJllt~g.
'VO[JvrI lVX VltlrloV(}(J>
ao091.10l. VItXll. ~.z
jV09VY
p '5vltprl 51J,.z
" 9ovg mfJp [Jorl5o/II"

130l~, {Jl. aorl 590(}X~ 0,,,
0'9fJ~ 513ltpx J.L"
101X {Jl. Ol.[JOl. ,!g"
:S:HEUVJ :S:H>lINHW3 :S:VIVXdV V1VII\IH9VII\I
HJUJV H)IINHW3
MA8HMA30ov
Ma:yelw fJ q!1Jms "t' oveteo's r:ijv OfJ,oeq;ta "at xaet,

11 fJ,aver] nhea OAOXeVOr] "at r:o ~eeo xoen1et
ME XtAtats Pevoes xvver:at, fJ,E XtAtats YAWOOats "eaLVet
"Onows ne()avr] oqfJ,eea XtAtats q;oeais ne()aLvet.
~A.aqJ(>oi'm"w-re xaU, yuz ne!; ano1jJe d '(je!;;
NvX"Ca YWfJ,6:,;'Yj OavfJ,a"Ca, vVX"Ca ana(>fJ,iv'Yj WLyta!
LXE()La0fLa r'
eo "Eewr:as xoee1jJe fJ,E r:ov ~av()ov 'tine tAt,

K fJ q;vms OA'Y} Pefn"er:at fJ,Es r:ij YAv"etci r:'Y}<; mea.
El<; 7:' oveavov r:ijv nAar:wma, "at '<; r:a "evq;a r:ov parov,
'tiva"ovarot "etAai"OwfJ,ot "at AetJro()VfJ,wfJ,evot. ..
*~*
Krocm1~ III.ap1d~
(" Twr", M'Yj.e(>a FA,6Jaaa fJ,a~
7:(Z A.6,pa(>a x(>arij07:e ".)
"revvq()'Y}"a or:ijv IIarea, ora 1859, IIefJ,nr'Y} dnofJ,eaqfJ,eeO, or:t<;

ovo fJ mea, oe"areei<; wv revae'Y}" YQa<PEL 0 L()LO~ 0 IIaAafLu~. 'H
x.arayooyTt 'to'll, a:rto 'to MEooMYYL. 'EX.EL OOAOX.ATtQOOOE 'tt~ EyX.UX.ALE~ O:rtO'll()E~ 'to'll M:rtAa o'tov eEtO 'to'll ~T]fLTt'tQT] IIaAafLu, a<pou
ElxE 'tlJV a't'llXLa va oQ<paVE'Ii'T] a:rto fLaVU x.ut :rtU'tEQU, O'ta :rtQoo'tu
XQOVLU 'tfj~ toofj~ 'to'll, YLa 'to. o:rtdLu EXEL YQa'li'EL:
Ta newra fJ,ov xeOVta 7:' d~exaora di~'Y}oa

"ovra 07:' d"eoytaAt
orij ()aAaooa "ei rij er]xij "at rijv ijfJ,ee'Y}
or:ij ()aAaooa "ei r:ijv nAana, rij fJ,eyaA'Y} ...
Kt fJ,E rewaAtfJ,ovol Mta nL"ea fJ,E nL"eatVe
fJ,ta nL"ea fJ,eyaA'Y}
"at oev fJ,ov rij YAv"awes, navwew ~ayvavufJ,a
rijs newrr]s Aaxr:aea<; fJ,ov "aAo fJ,ov d"eoytaAt.
361
2Q
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rAOHHI
IIoui 7:axa CPov(!wvva CPOV(!WVVla~e fl,eoa fl,ov

xai nOla aVefl,O~aA'fj,
nov oev fl,oi] .r/v xO{fl,l~e~ xai oev .r/v avanave~
navw(!O ~ayvavufl,a, xovdx 01:' aX(!OYlaAl;
Mdx n{x(!a elv' afl,{A'fj7:'fj, fl,la n{x(!a elv' a~fjy'fj7:'fj,
fl,la n{x(!a fl,eyaA'fj,
~ n{x(!a nov elv' ao{3'fjo7:'fj xai fl,f:~ 07:0V na(!abewo
nov n(!w7:wv fl,ac; X(!OVWV xov7:a 01:' -dX(!OYlaAl.
"OLaV eQXE'taL o'tilv 'A8~va YQuq.JE'taL o'tilv NOf,lLxiI LXOA~, 'tov

XEQM~EL Of,lro~ ~ IIoi:rlOL~. 0 JtOAV'tuQaxo~ xal. ~aOaVLOf,lEVO~ ~Lo~
'to'll, ALyo JtOAV yvroo'ta~, aJtaL'teL Exu'toV'tu6E~ OEAL6E~ YLa. va.
e~Lo'toQl]8fl. 'AJtEeUVE o'tl.~ 27 cI>E~QovuQLov 'toiJ 1943, xul. f,lEOU
i
I I
iI
O'tilv f,lUVQLAU 'tfl~ Ku'toxfl~, eJtuvro o'to <JlEQE'tQa 'to'll, "axovfl,n'Yjoe

OA'fj ~ <EAAaba " , oJtro~ aJt~YYELA.E 6l;lxeAlavo~.
0 Kwom~ l;mfl,a7:'fj~ eXEL JtEQLYQU'l!'EL f,lE 'tQaJto OVYXAOVLO'tLXO
'tilv 8QvALxiI Xl]6ELu 'toiJ Kroo'tfl IIuAuf,lu:
"l;.r/v x'fjbeta na(!ovu~ enWVVfl,Ol xai aVWVVfl,Ol xai OVOOWfl,O~
(} <EAA'fjVlXO~ Aao~. II(!(jJt'o~ (} 'A(!Xlen{oxono~ ,,1afl,aox'fjvo~, oav
aA'fj()vo~ IIa7:(!la(!X'fJ~ 7:fj~ 'Enavao7:ao'fj~ wi] 21, 7:0V n(!oocpwv'fjoe
fl,f: nv(!va Aoyta ana 7:Tjv <Q(!a{a IIvA'Yj. "Enelt'a (} nOl'fj7:Tj~
l;w7:fj(!'Yj~ l;xbr'Yj~ anfjyyelAe eva n(!OXA'fjnXO Yla wv~ xamx7:'Yj7:a~
nO{'fjfl,a wv. Kl 0 fl,eyaAo~ l;lxeAlavo~ {3(!oVt'ocpwv'Yjoe 7:0 {3a(!vofjfl,avw nO{'Yjfl,a 7:0V HXHl;TE OJ l;AAIIJrrEl;... nov nv(!oM7:'fjoe
7:i~ xa(!btf:~ 7:fj~ ane(!av7:'Yj~ Aao()aAaooa~, nov elxe ano vw(!i~
xamxAvoel aJt' ax(!'fj d ax(!'Yj 7:0 A I Nex(!omcpe'lo. ?tHmv axofl,'Yj
na(!ovu~ Xl exn(!OOWnOl a:n:o 7:i~ n(!w{3e'ie~ nov xamx7:'Yj7:wv, nov
xa.e()wav, OVfl,{3oAlXa, oucpavla. Me7:a 7:Tjv a:n:ayyeA{a bvo nOl'fjfl,a7:wv fl,la ~acpvlxTj a07:(!anTj cpw7:we 7:a nAfj()'Yj Xl aV7:fjX'fJoe fl,WOV(!ava navw ano 7:0 cpe(!e7:(!O wi] IIOl'fj7:fj 0 'E()VlXO~ fl,a~ "'Yfl,VO~.
l;7:a OXeAe7:Wfl,eVa ano 7:Tjv ne'lva xai xaxovx{e~ n(!OOwna, fl,f: 7:a
{3a()OVAWfl,eVa fl,ana, o7:(!acp7:aAwe ~ fl,eyaA'fj 'EAn{ba, xai 7:0 Mxw~
emo7:(!ocpTj m~{bl wi] IIol'fj7:fj aVOlye blanAaw 7:0V b(!ofl,O n(!o~
7:Tjv 'EAev()e(!{a... "
*
362
F
MA9HMA30ov
To EQYO 'tou IIUAUflu, oy%wMo'tu'to. KUAumeL 16 'toflO'll. 'H
'II O'tugeQ~ 'to'll JtQoo~
AWOL o't~v 'I6Eu 'tou 'EM1]VLOfloU %UL 'tOU "E9vo'll, 'to Jtu90 'to'll
YLo. 't~v IIu'tQL6u %UL 't~v 'tuX1] 't1], 'to. OQUflU'tU 'to'll YLo. 'tOY av9QwJto %UL 'tOY "EAA1]VU, EO't~QL~UV 't~v AUL%~ 'to'll aJt~X1]OL %UL 't~v
'teQao'tLu EJtL6QuOL 'to'll o'to IIuveAA~vLO...
'AJto 'to. t6Q'll'tL%o. o'teAEX1] 'tfj 'A%u61]flLU 'A91]vwv, 0
IIUAUflU E~eAE'(TJ 'tU%'tL%O flEAO 't1] 'to 1926, %ul, 'to 1930 6Le'tEAeoe
IIQoe6Qo 't1]. 'H JtOL1]'tL%~ 'to'll 6LU6Qofl~ E%aA'll'ljJe JteQLooo'teQo
aJto flLOO uLwvu. 'EfleAE't1]oe 'tOY BUAUWQL't1], JtQooEYYLOe 'tOY
}:oAWflo %UL aVU%aA'll'ljJe 'tOY KUA~O.
at aQxuLOL flu JtQOYOVOL EJtLO'te'llUV O'tL %u'to. 't01J M1]6L%01J
JtOAEflO'll, %UL o'lly%e%QLflEvW 't~v ~flEQU 'tfj NU'llflUXLU 'tfj
}:UAu!iLvo, 'to. OVOflU'tU 'tWV 'tQLWV fleyaAwv 'tQUYL%WV EJtAEX't1]%UV
flE 'tQoJto o1]flu6LU%o aJto 't~v flOLQU: '0 ALoxuAo EJtoAEfl1]oe, 0
}:OqJO%Afj E'ljJUAe o't<l EJtLVL%LU %UL 0 EUQLJtL61] yevv~91]%e. }:'t~v
veoneQ1] 'EAAU6u ~AEJtO'llfle O'tL ~ flOLQU ExeL %UL JtUAL JtAE~eL 'to.
ovoflU'ta 'tWV %OQ'llqJULWV E8vL%WV flu IIOL1]'twv flE V~flU'tU aqJuvfj,
6LU%QL'tL%<l %UL oflW a%u'tuA'll'tU...
~L~ALOYQUqJLU YLo. 'to EQYO 'to'll, 'teQuo'tLu.
.:.
'AJtOOJtaOflU'tU aJto 'tOY "A(j)~EXa;"OrO 'rov IVq;'rov II

(IIeocprrnxoq)
... Kut eirav of xaQot nov fJ flokY]
nOQv'fj as /leTl1.VOle~ sevvxrovae
XUt 7:0. XeQtu 7:'fj~ oe/levu 7:0. xQurovae
XUt xUQr:eQuy' evu /luXeAaQ'fj.
Kut sOAo(JQe/lO~ (} /luxeAaQ'fj~,
PovaOl, NOQ/luvvoi, BovAyaQOl, KU7:UAaVOl,
Xt (} XQwnuvof.lC1.xO~ (} 2uQux'fjvO~,
Xt (} OvyxuQet;o~ (} 7:eQaano~ xuf3uAAaQ'fj~.. .
... Kut xUQ7:eQuye 7:0V TovQxo va "CiJV naQ'fj .. .
363
EMHNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rAOHH!
Me oAa aov oa 'i;fl Ta xall'Y}Aa

Ile "eallllui aov De Oa 'i;ij w:yaAwavv'Y}
Ut otneogJijur; nov Oa neoauvvii,
VUVot Ut aeAeu{VOL.
Kat aOgJo{ TOV uat uetTu(jer;
TOV a(jewv AOYOV ot TeonawVxot
Kat (jtagJevu:vTu(jer; -uv{3eevijTer; TOV, ot eVVOVxoL.
... Kt av neaalle ae neatllo neWTUuovaTo
uat ae yueello uaTeauvAwalle
nov mo {3aOv uallllta gJVAq (jev el(je wr; nvea,
elvat YWTt Ile TWV uat(!wv TO nAljeWlla
Ollota {3aOv ev' ave{3aalla wir; lleAAeTat
neor; V'I/J'Y} oveavogJOea ...
..."Oao va ae Avn'Y}Oij
Tijr; ayUn'Y}r; 0 Oeor;,
uat va l;'Y}lleewa'Y} IltaV avylj,
uat va ae uaAea'Y} 0 AVTeWllor;,
JJ lJIvXq naea(jaellev'Y} Mo TO ue'ifla.
Kat fl auova'Y}r; Tq gJwvq TOV AVTewTij,
Oa y(jvOijr; Tijr; allaeT{ar; TO VTVIla,
uatl;ava uv{3eeVrJllev'Y} Ut dAagJeq
Oa aaAe'I/J'Y}r; aav Tq XAO'Y}, aav TO novA4
aav TOV UoegJo TOV yvvabeew, aav TO UVIla.
Kat Ilqv exovwr; nO UUTOV aJ..AO aUaAt
va uaTeauvAlja'Y}r; nO {3aOta
aTOV Kauov Tq auuAa,
yta r:' ave{3aalla l;ava nov ae uaAe~
Oa alawvOijr; va aov gJVTeWVOVV, JJ xaea,
Ta gJuea -Ta gJuea Ta neWTWU aov Ta lleyaAa!
364
MA8HMA30ov
'0 AtrWl),
""lap/Jot "at 'A.vWraw'tot"
Ku~aAu :ruleL 6 XaQov'tu~ 'tov L\.Lyevfj (}'tov'A6'1l
KL aAAO'll~ /lu~L KAuLeL MQve'taL 't' aVSQwmvo xmta6L.
Kul. 'to'lJ~ xQu'teL o't' aA.6yo'll 'to'll 6e/lEVO'll~ 'ta. Xa3tDUALU
'tfj~ Ae'll'teQLa~ 'tov ave/lo, 'tfj~ Ae~ev'tLa~ 'ti]v IIouALu.
Kul. oa.v va. /li]v 'tov aYYL;e 'tOU XaQo'll 'to 60;aQL
6 'AXQL'tU~ /lovo a'taQuxu X'll't'taeL 'tov xu~uAaQ'Il.
'0 'AXQL'ta~ eL/laL XaQov'tu, 6EV :7teQvoo /lE 'ta. XQOVLU.
M aYYL;e~ xul. Mv /l' evvoL(.ooe~ o'ta. /lUQ/lUQEVLU aAwvLu;
EI/laL yro ~ axu'taA'll't'll 'ljJ'llxi] 'toov l::UAU/lLVWV.
l::'ti]v CEql'taAoCP'llV ecpeQu 'to O:7tUSI. 'toov 'EAAi]vWV.
L\.EV xavo/laL o'ta. TaQ'tuQu /lovaxu ;U:7tOO'tULVW
l::'ti] ~wi] ;UVUCPULVO/laL xul, AUOV~ avuo'tuLVW...
*
Kul, XOQo 'tQLYUQW 00'll sa. o'ti]OO'llV
/lE ~LOALa. xul. /lE ~o'llQvabe~
YUCP'tOL, E~QULOL, aQa:7t'll6e~, :7tuoa6e~
xul. 'ta. yovu'tu OL 'tQUVOL 00'll Sa. A'llYLOO'llV
xul. Sa. YLVO'llV 'toov QUYLa6wv OL QUYLabe~.
***
:H ,,yaJ...ootJvt) o..t "EOvt)
bE ,,'tetE'tat "E 'to (J'teE""a.
ME 'tii; xaebtd; 'to ";iJem"a "netE'tat
)tat "E 'to aI"a. ("Bwftol")
365
EI\I\HNIKH ArOrH
MA8HMATA APXAIAI EMHNIKHI rl\OIIHI
i1.7fO To." "Y/lVO Tij~i19qvii~ (el~ A,oyov~ lA)

-OXOQJtLOL O'tLXOL-
A-Z
Sa 'tQayou~i]oro 't~ Sea 'toil %OOflOU 't~ fleyaA:ll,
't~V :rtaQSeVLa, 't~V :rtQO%O:rti], 't~ YVOOOt'], 't~ OO<pLa ...
'Eou 'to voil <paVEQrooe\; 'toil %OOflOU %upeQvi]'tt'] ..
IIaA.a'tL oou eLV' 0 "OA.Ufl:rtO\;, %L " 'EA.A.a~a elvaL vao\; oou,
%aL 'toil vaoil oou 0 mo A.afl:rtQO\; ProflO~ eLVaL " 'ASi]va!
'ASi]va! XQUOOO'tE<pavt'] %aL 'tLflt']flEVt'] xooQa!
ot fleyaA.6xaQOL SeOL e:rtavro oou aYQu:rtvoilve
%aL <peuyouv a:rt' 'tov "OA.Ufl:rtO YLa va ;e%ouQao'toilve
O't~ yfj OOU 't~ PQaxoo:rtaQ'tt']. na'tL e~oo :rtEQa PQLO%OUV
mb\; mo :rtOA.U flE 'tOU\; Seou\; 0 avSQro:rtO\; 'taLQLa<;;eL..
L't~V aYLaOflEvt'] 'A%Qo:rtOA.t'] O'tE%eL\;, Sea, %L aQa<;;eL\;.
To:rto ooil %aVOUv ot SeoL, ~eLA.a :rtaQafleQL<;;oUV ...
YLa'tL ;avOLYOUV mb\; %Qu<pa, o<pLX'ta flLa A.afl'lJ1t'] bEveL
't~v eflOQ<pLa 'tfj\; yfj\; au'tfj\; flE 't~ ~L%i] OOU XaQt'].
KL" 'A%Qo:rtOA.t'] %aL aYVOOQLO't'r), YUflvi], :rtaQSEV' a%Ofla,
a%Ofl' aO'tOA.Lo'tt'] %L a:rtA.~ flE 'tOU\; <p'troXOU\; ProflOU\; 'tt']\;
<paLve't' aflE'tQt']'te\; <POQE~ 'lJ1t']A.6'teQt'] o'ta fla'tLa
a:rt' 't~ O'tLYfl~ :rtou :rtQopaA.e\; a:rtavou O't~V %OQ<Pi] 'tt']\;.
H'
('Ana rav H' A,oyo "'. eGo o!ltA,eiq Oea :A01]vd):
"XaQa if eOE xooQa A.eu%~ %aL xooQa eu'tuXLaflEvt']!
KaflflLa fleQLa if OA.t'] 't~ yfj, %aflflLa o't~v OL%OUflEVt']
~EV t']-DQe 'tE'tOLO <puA.ax'to oav 'to ~L%O floU fla'tL.
'A:rt' aA.A.e~ xooQe~ :rtEQaoa YOQya YOQya 'tQexa'tt'] ...
"Oflro~ if eOE 'to SQovo floU aLoovLa SefleA.Loovro,
%aL QL<;;rooe " aya:rtt'] floU o'ta xoofla'ta oou flOVO,
oav 'to paQu Au%apt']'to :rtou ;a<pvL%a flLa flEQa
%uA.Lae a:rto 'ta XEQLa floU %aL QL<;;roif e~oo :rtEQa ...
KaQ:rtoL oou ot 'ASt']vaLoL!
366
MA9HMA30ov
~a~ bLvEL ~ ~~Il'll'tQu YA:UXELa 'tou XUf,LJt01J 't~v ayu:J't'll,

x' eyffi aa~ bLvOJ 't~v ~USELaV ayu:J't'll 'tfj~ :J'tu'tQLbu~ ...
n' ulh~ YEWUEL aav XEQU1JVOV~ 'tOV~ a'tLxo1J~ 1:01J XL 0
Al,axUAO~,
YL' UU't~V :J'tESuLvEL YUA'IlVa a't~ tpUAUX~ 0 ~OJXQU't'll~,
XL a:J'tuvou XL w~ 'tOV "OAUIl:J'tO tp'tEQOOVE'taL 0 ELbLu~
XUL SUYVUV'tEUEL 'tOV~ SEOU~, XUL IlE 'to aXUALa't~QL

'tOV~ SUVU:J'tAUSEL sua'tEQOU~ XUL XQuaEAEtpUV'tEVLOU~.
UU't~V Sa XUIlOUV SUUIlU'ta XUL vLOL XUL YEQOL axallu.
ulJ't~v 01. VLOL Sa oQxL~OJV'taL :J'tUAA'IlXuQLaLOv oQxo,
XOV'tUQLU, aa:J'tLbE~ XUL a:J'tuSLa OQIl'll'tLxa XLVOOV'tU~:
n'
n'
ea 'ta xQu'too 'ta O:J'tA' ulha XUL Mv Sa 'ta V'tQo:J'tLuaOJ

XUL Ilavo~ XUL IlE aUV'tQOtpL<l XL eboo XL o:J'tOU XL <1 AO:XOJ
Sa :J'toAEIl~aOJ axouQua'tu XL atpQaV'tLO'tU Sa :J'tEaOJ
XUL 't~v :J'ta'tQLbu IlLa tpoQa IlEYUA'Il Sa 't~v XUIlOJ. 11
e'
"~OU bLvOJ axallu XUQLallu :J'tQOJ'tuxoua'to, IlEYUAO,
'to AEUXO:J'tQUaLVO bEV'tQL :J'tov aAAou Mv SEtp1J1:QOOVEL.
TEaauQu IlU'tLU a:J'tuvou 'tou axoLIl'll'ta aYQu:J'tvoUVE,
'ta IlU'tLU 'tOU :J'tOVE'tLXOU ~La~, xUL 'ta bLXU 1l0U.
KL <1v EQSOUV XQavLu bLaEX'tu, xU'tUQUIlEVU XQaVLU

XL aYUALU aYUALU aXUQLa'tO~ SEYEAuaIlEVO~ xaallo~
aE a~~an a:J'to 'to AU'tQEIlO XL a:J'to 't~ SUIlLa~ 1:OU,
Sa :J'tEan~, S' a:J'toxOLIl'llSfi~ ~USLU, M Sa :J'tESUV'Il~.
fiad Elv' of Oeot uOxva'toL xat XXQo b qJopoiiV'taL,
;exxvoV'tm, bv xxvoV'taL, TiIv :J'tl..X0't) :J'txv'ta oQi~o1JV,
XL liv 'to,,; uQvLOiiV'tm of livOQ(O:J'toL, It<<XV'ta
OlJ,.,oiivi' exavOl..
"O,.,OI.a Oa va eloaL uOxva'tt) XL eoil oav 'to,,; 90'''; OOlJ
***
367
EJ\J\HNIKH ArOrH
MA9HMATA APXAIAL EJ\J\HNIKHL rJ\OLLHL
"eo Kwm;~~ IIaAa!la~ EIVaL ava!l<pLo~iJ1;rrta 6 !lEyaA{J'tEQo~ ouybtl 'to'u JtaQ6V'to~, 6 !lEya-
YQa<pEiJ~ 'ti'j~ mJYXQOV'f]~ eEAM.bo~ xaL,

AU'tEQO~ JtOL'f]'t~~ 'ti'j~ EUQwJt'f]~".
IIEQLob. "La Grande Revue" No.2

Paris, Fevrier 1931.
("Costis Palamas est, incontestablement, Ie plus grand ecrivain de la
Grece contemporaine, et, actuellement, Ie plus grand poete de I'
Europe!")
***
Ail' lzet~ "OAvp:;re
(Jeov~, P1J~i kpivre~
q "Ouua.
Pa"luMe~ lzet~, Mavva "Iii, uxvq)'tov~ "luI ro zauarut
xovcptot Xt oXVOt xaracpuovoiJv rr, (Jeia ruazeta uov

"I)'{fJuua,
rrov Evuw:;raiwv :;reui"leAa Xflt rrov auzaiwv :;raAtarUot.
'TU At"louroi xat iJ) ~taAezrOt

Xt auicpv1Jrot aVUto ruw~!
Elvat ptlx ~A1j(Jeta xarov i~ro
:;rov rr, zrv:;raet ro Miuo~..
(K. IIaAaJlat;)
368
'0 Kwm:iJc; IIw.a/11ic;
369
, 1:"1h';"
..,
tS",~ ....~ .
---
..:~.~~
.,.
-',f,I
~-
.......--,
- ..
~+!,4~C""""
T.':U~~.
~~~~,*-:-.-"r;
tie..'f-;r .:.~.....
..:. ~ -: ~-u~
;.: 11\ '"'~
370
r
nAPAPTHMA
llAPAPTHMA
MUQu9cbv
E>EQ/103tUAaL
~UAU/lL~
'I/lEQu
IIAU1muL
Mvx.uA'f'J
13- 9-490 3t.x.

.... 9-480 3t.x.
27-9-480 3t.x.
)>
(xu,ta'tQ6Jt(naL~
KUQXTJ{)OVL(()V)
28-8-479
ME'tU a3to 200 oMx.A'f'JQu XQOVLU ~UVU3tu't'f'J(Juv 'to 3t06L 't'Ov~

~UQ~UQOL (J't~v 'EAAu6u, 6'f'JA. ot ruAu't'aL. 'E~ov'tcbe'f'Jx.uv (J'toiJ~
LlEAqJoiJ~ (aQX'f'JYo~ 'tov~ 0 BQEVVO~) 'to 279 3t.x.
*
'0 IIAou'tuQXo~ CHe. IV (J't. 502) avuqJEQEL il't'L x.u'tu 'tov
'HQux.AEL6'f'Jv 'tov IIoV't'Lx.ov, 0 o3tAh'f'J~ 6QO/lEU~, 0 03tOLO~ avfJYYELI.E (J'tOiJ~ 'Ae'f'JVULOV~ !LE'tu 't~V /lUX'f'J 'to'\} MUQuewvo~ 'to
NENIKHKAMEN, ~'to 0 0if]0'L3t3toSj 0 'EQOLEU~. '1\AAOL aVUqJEQOVV 'tOV Eilx.ua:
... Oeaf.lOV7:a avv 'W'i~ OTl).Ol~, ()eef.l0V
Wro
rij~ f.laxrJ~ Xal7:a'i~
()veat~ ef.lTleaovra nov Tlewrwv, 'WaoiJ'Wv f.l0VOV ebre'iv, "xafeere,

vlxWf.lev" elr: ev()v~ eXTlveiJaat...
***
3 Xcif]L'tESj
'Ay).ata
Evq;eoavv'Yj
6)ci).eta
371
EMHNIKH ArOrH
6 TexvaL
n.
~QXL'tEX'toVLX~
'UJt'tLX~
Z(J)YQUqJLX~ MO'U(JLx~
rrOL'r](JL~ "OQX'r]OL~
3 'EQLvUE~
'AA'r]x'too, MeYaLQu, TLOLqJOV'r]
3 'mull,.;;
OLP'r], AUflJtE'tLU, ue8o'Uou
3 KQL'ta" 'toii 1\.bot)
Atuxo~, MLV(J)~, PU~el!luv8'U~
7 'EJt" 9itlla~
'l\.~QUO'tO~
(0 !l6vo~ l)La(Jro8et~)
~!lqJLelQUO~
'IJtJto~el!l(J)v
KUJtUVEiJ~
rrUQ8EVOJtULO~
rrOA'UVeLX'r]~
T'U~EiJ~
(ME'ta 10 lh'r] eX~Lxtl8'r]xuv OL 'ULOL 'to'U~).
'Hy(J)VL~OV'tO:
~'ta 'O~:"Il'tLa
~'ta "IaOJLLa
~'ta
NiJLEa
~'ta II"O,a
YLa 'tov XO'tLVO (O'tEqJelVL aYQLEAL(l~)

YLa O'tEqJelVL aJto JtEUX'r]
yta O'tEqJelVL aJto oeALVo
YLa O'tEqJelVL aJto ~elqJv'r]
~ vuf3iwau; 't'WV
JrufJ,Jra),uw.w 'O)'vfJ,Jriwv, 't'o 776 Jr.X

(a l wJrtxq 'O),vfJ,ma~' a..r/v Jr(!uYfJ,unxonl't'u, 5YJ avaf3iw(J~).
TEUv'taim 'OJ,t)Il'tLaXOl.:
'H 293'r] 'OA'UflJtLa~ 'to 394 !l.x., e:nL uu'toxQel'toQo~ 8EO~OOLO'U,
OJtOLO~ xu'ttlQY'r]OE !lE ~Lel'tUY!lU, PLUL(J)~, 'tOiJ~ 'OA'U!lJtLUxoiJ~
ayroVE~, ro~ "Et~(J)AOAU'tQLXOV lt8L!lOV" (!)
372
fLf
"s't3Au'10II 9 5'018:
s01o~"{rw 9 sln'Os
s01A9TImQ3'X.'OV 9 MT),,{PX
s018A](0)l 9 sOOQA'O]03II
s01Q9d 9 sO"{(tog9 3"{)1
sOl'OAU,"{U,(tW 9 sq'X.Dl,11II
sOl'OAU,8Y, 9 MT),,{9:r
50q~'ft':il. 5Drnloy, 5\!.1.l 0cbo:I ~1.:at':il. 10
D]:atTI(t,,{O, Ai!sq1V 0.01 'OTI"{'OA.~ A0A11A~ro3"{30(tOX q.L

Q,OOO'OAO'O'X.1,,{Y. s~1 A013,,{COO(t'OW q.L
sOAQ;>"{(tg'OH s~110:at~'X. 101D'OTI30)110
roO?rog, Ai! sOQ1TI?10Y, s~1 sq'O N O.
(t01U'tA.1Y s~1 s3Q]TI'OO(tii 1Y
(tOQ9d s~1 sqOOO"{O)l O.
s'OPOQA'O~3"{Y, s~1 sOO~ O.
CtoriD9)1 Ct0JDloy, !J,01. D1.Dri",DO ~1.:at':il. ~.L
ro1U'tA.1Y Ai! sq1V sOACOTITIV;, Q,O.L

sOACO,,{,,{9UY, (to]'OTI(tQ1V 0. 01 ro1~"{1W Ai! q.L
Q,omu',,{'X.oy, 0.01 roO't'OQ1Ug, A~ q.L
smo1~II A~ s001u'TI~V s~1 q.L
s91V 0.01 UA<PQCOV A~ q.L
sOACO,,{'{9UY, 0.01 s10ro,,{3V A~ q.L
:V13JAVW. v(b:u;J1iJa)J
(" uA10 Q;>gTI(tO rJA AC01A9,,{,,{3TI AQ;>1 A10U,19QOTIOu,ol A~1 rJ1Q
'A938
Aq1
~TI 5'0138'.)-3 .ltV I\(1,OA<PA10'X.3U~ 51303110 '08 Ajl10U9.Lu)
50q~TI':iI. 5DJDloy, 5\!.1 D!31.ADW
VII\IHldVdVU
....
tL
~
S01roog" (1,01l?38 rtoJA.UMt}I (1,0111)X SUA!f'{3:r S!J,1 l?38 (S91V (1,01 aU1~A.rte) S:OJcbo:r S!J,1l?38 S:OJA.Oro3J S!J,1 l?38 rtorl~J (1,01 Sl.l~.lDOOli 'S91V (1,01 SoA.rt~l).:r -S:013A3A.ox10 S!J,1 S11~.lD00li -
HLIVOJtPV
:IIW'ilLJV
VNHfJV
JHLHWHV
VJH
VIL:I'il
:513,,(ge
-Aro1~rlrl:OOJ
A<.D1 1:OX rtoJom..cria. (1,01 SU1~.lD00li - A<.D 38 A<.D1 ~rtO!J,}I - :IHWJ'il
rtOrl~'{Oli (1,01 S938 :IHJV
-S9 ortii (1,01S 9 38 - :IOL:IIVwH
-S!J,X1U:OW S!J,1 'S:OJAOrlOY, S!J,~ 'S91roCP (1,01 S938 - NlJVVOIIV
SUOO~'{D8 S!J,1S9 38 - NlJVI'il:IOll
-A<.D38 A<.D1S~3'{10:OS: 'S:O~d S!J,11:O X rtoA9 0}I (1,01S 91X. :I;{'ilZ
:531t300v;.
nOlni,,"tO, (1, 01 103 9 DX3Vl?V 10
.1:1'
"
Ii
I',
S:OJrlOAOO.lDY. S!J,1
DJADOQ-O
-Sro30!f101 S!J,X11rt3Xou08 S!J,1
OII
D1Ari""t
-S:OJQwrlro}I S!J,1
D13"t~0
-S:OJQwA.:oO.L S!J,1 hA~riOl"t3W
-Sro30!f101 S!J,X11roog, S!J,1
l?1D0 3,
-S!J,X1.lDUXOO, S!J,1 h09X1t!t03.L
-Sro30!f101 S!J,X10rtV S!J,1
hlO~1Q-3
-S:OJ00101, S!J,1
l?13"01
-Sro30!f101 S!J,X11g, S!J,1 h191"t"tD }I
(5lW}DorlllltW 50~JIt:O:L1.L 51p, l:OU 50 V g,01- 53011-:o,{ae)
1DD!J.OW 6 1V
~H:n:UVJ ~H)IINHW3 ~VIVXdV
V1VINH9VIN
HJUJV H>lINHW3
----~
nAPAPTHMA
Ho)':"q:;1JPO~ CEtUqJAW8T] Urto 'tou '06UOOEOO~)
B{!Iwt1J~
I'tE(!6!t1J~
1if!l'o~
'H K).mOm, ~ xAw80uoa 'to vfjlla 'tfj~ soofj~.

'H A.aXE:lTt~, ~ artOVEIlouoa 'tel aya8el xa!' 'tel xaxu.
'H 1i't(!o!to~, ~ xa8Lo'toooa 'tel avoo'tEQoo allE'tupAT]'ta xa!' avarto'tQErt'ta.
Tt'tdvES
(Ka'tel 'tfJV Mu80AOYLav 'tExva 'tou OUQavou xa!' 'tfj~ rfj~).
'!lXE:avo~
T1JOv~
K(!lo~
fJE:ia
'Y!tE:(!iwv
fJep,,~
'Ia!tE:'to~
MV1JponVvq
Kolo~
iPoip1J
Pea
K(!6vo~
375

Τζιροπούλου - Αρχαία Ελληνική Γλώσσα Α' Κύκλος Σπουδών 15-ΕΩΣ-ΤΕΛΟΣ

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Τζιροπούλου - Αρχαία Ελληνική Γλώσσα Α' Κύκλος Σπουδών 15-ΕΩΣ-ΤΕΛΟΣ

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

4

""0 e;etJT:e'iV aovvarov, roiho em:lv 0 (}eO~"

ZHNIJN ('EMa, K. 'haALa, E' at. xX)

OMHPOE (E 445) (IIQooEvXctaL (, va'Uayo~ 'Ob'UOOEV~):

MA9HMATA APXAIA! EAAHNIKH! rAO!!H!

APXIAOXOI (IIugo 80 at.)

TEPHANAPOI (70 ai.. Aeaf3o)

(ALa) n:aV'toov aQxav, n:aV'toov ayiJ'toQa." (Moan. 1)

AIIXYAOI (525-456 nX)

,rev o-ov IIoL'YI't~v xal. IIa'tEQa n:aV'to~ elJQeLV 'te EQYOV...

aMva'tov MyeLV" . (nflaLO~ 28 C)

HINAAPOI (8ijf3m518 ~ 522 nX -... )

KAEAN@HI (f.tae1ft~ Z~vrovo 40 ai.. nX)

fJ' e:rd~aLve a:tQam1'ou,

APIETOTEAHE (384-322 3t.x.)

""Hv xaL eO'TLV 0 'tOMe 'tOU 3taV't'o~ fJT]IlLO'UQYO~ 0 Seo~... 0 Seo~

"8eov fJ' eIVaL tlPov aSuva't'ov, AOYLXOV, 1'EAeLOV ~ VOEQOV Ev

ADO~:I&11A~ ).DX ~q 5101 '5930 50ri'll 5~1~3q

Y~ 5101 '5Dri<!JX ,1DX

11~ lDX .50xhOJ1' ~ 5001l0'OD ~ 50'tDtb~XOAIlX 51O't't'9 lDX 50't'3q

51D1J tbri3W ~q D}ql 'o(l)qg. ~1 510J11'M1V 5101 A~A10X 1DD2qt

-1031' 1010')-00V. 1'DX 1.1l1,"{~cI> 101AI}"{"{ct)l1'DX no~rlH, 531'OJ81V 1'DX

'1Q1~,,{9r1'DZ 53x!>oe 1'DX 53.1AO')-8 UX~A1XlI? A~rI 1'D8')-X~ '10ctO~

~53.1A0~JoMM'D1' 1'DX 53.1A0~JrloA 5Q.03S

'ACO')-"{X oo)..9"{ AI,t"{lt ''DQ10 0l!).. '.}o '5,)-3Z q 5110<] '5,)-3Z

~51'D,,{~x)..lI? A~ 5I'DO)..q, ,SAOXil ~10~lt Al!.J..1'DX

-'D0Q AQ;>1 5'DJ30X 5l!.1 5lLo')-0)..13lt~ A,!QlI,rI '5l1,QJlt10'.}3 q A'D19ltq'"

'A'DOOQ~ltll? '501l1,1913xl0 50A11 lOA3r19X~ '5'DJoo)..lI,oOOlt

If A11O~ 59111'0 Al!.~

0.0.1 AOO<] ,O'Dlt 10(!.O"{'DX ,!Q 'DAl!.Z ''D.1A~lt rJ.1

'ACO.1A~lt 'f!1Q AOXl!.1Q <?1 (!.01'.}'D 50o~rI <?1 1'DX

31 5Q;>A1ox ACO.1A~lt 'DO~1'Dlt 03lt0<J} 1'DX ACO,,{<] AQ;>1 A<?)..Oct01r1l1,Q A~rI

~Hn:UVJ ~H>IINHW3 ~VIVXdV V.lVIIIIH9VIIII

(A01J%LaVoil, IIegi 81JOLffiv 14. 4)

!lo:xaQ, OA~LO~, E;,baL!lOOv,1 dJ't'UX~~, Eij!lOLQO~,

2. EUX'tLXT] 'tOU ).:vw.

1. baLILovE~: OL 8EOt b(l'llILovE~ OvtE~, o'lov EILltELQOL. WH o'n mlvta !LEQL~OUULV,

MAE>HMATA APXAIAL EMHNIKHL rAOLLHL

Movo8i0''tuud av'ttJ.... 1j1t~ xaL aq>of]tO'p.10L

'(S91AD1t 0.01 S10~g ~ mA1310TIS10'910 'SctoX~

S~OTISDg 91t'9 0113'{3131t'9 (l.01Q-D D)"{D'XODQ1Q H. 'AD)30m1tL 30ct0Q2

AQ?1 S00310SJAOTIUOA mAp S01t(l)0SA1> (} ~Q A~tJ:. 'A(I)1tc,t1 AQ?'XJ.(I)~ lD'X

AQ?'X11ctdl AQ?1 D)'(1'X101t 111 A~ (l.01t0'X0 0.01 S01U19A~ S\!.1 'SDpX3MO

MA9HMATA APXAIA! EMHNIKH! rI\O!!H!

:rtQOA~'ljJBOOV XaL tWV ,,9LXWV UQXWV tfj~ "E9VLXfj~ Mu90AOYLa~ twv

"Er~ IlOVO~ 9BO~ U:rt<lQXBL, OUtB Xata to aWlla OUtB Xata to

yoov. "EbLbaaxB to UBL YLYVBa9aL xaL IlBta~aMBa9aL xaL IlTJM:rtotB

t~QTJm~ toil IlEtQO'U.

:rtBQL lla9TJllatLXWv, qJ'UaLxfj~, ,,9LXfj~, IlO'UOLXfj~, :rtoL~aBoo~,

tat(lLxfj~, YEW3tOVLa~, sWYQaqnxfj~, YQallllatwv, <pWV'rItLXfj~ xaL

11. ZHNflN 0 EAEATHE

12. ZHNflN 0 ETfllKOE

MA6HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rAOI:I:HI:

Km:u 'tu ih'l'] 325-13 E'llQimGE'to EV 'AS~vaL~, EvSa EYEVE'tO

LbLav ~XOA~V. KUQLOV xaQax't'l']QLO'tLXOV 'tfj~ SEwQLa~ 'tOlJ ElvaL (l'tL

Lall~wv, ot 03tOLOL ~oav oxwlllla'ta, a.3tEQ xa't' aAA~Awv E~aUov

710 3t.X. EV 'i\V'tLOOn 'tfj~ V~OOlJ AEO~OlJ. ME'ta~u~ EL~ ~3taQ't'l']v

'EYEVV~S'I'] EL~ 'EAElJOLva. ElxE ~So~ U'ljJ'I']A.OV, YEvvaLov xat

nWV~S'l'pU; O''t~v 'AS~va 'to 436 3t.X., 03tOU ')GaL

uJtfjQ!;av OL IIQc.o'tayoQae;, IIQo~Lxoe;, TELoLae;, rOQyLae;. 'AQYO'tEQa

MA9HMATA APXAIAI: EMHNIKHI: rI\OI:I:HI:

ayyeAiav T:ij~ ev Xal(!wveig. fla:xq~ dAYtloa~,

"EYQa'ljJE 60 A6yo'U~ &Jto 'tou~ OJtOLO'U~ 6Lww91]O'av f,tOVO 21