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Huma Mamun Mahmud1, Mehreen Kalam2, Amna Nawaz2, Saleha Khan2, Hira Imam2 and Osama Ahsan Khan2
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine frequency of substance abuse and the commonest substance of abuse among medical and
non-medical undergraduates.
Study Design: Survey report.
Place and Duration of Study: Dow International Medical College, Karachi, from June 2012 to August 2012.
Methodology: Semester VIII students from Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences who
visited the selected medical and non-medical universities, data collected through self responding questionnaire which was
handed out to the participants. Data was collected from 4 medical and 4 non-medical universities. All responding
undergraduate students in selected universities were included. Data was maintained and analyzed on SPSS version 16
for descriptive statistics.
Results: Total number of responders was 572 with male: female ratio of 1.23: 1.0 and mean age of 21.76 2.168 years.
Frequency of regular substance abuse was 20.1%. Males were abusing substance more than females, ratio being 4.7: 1.0
among abusers. The most common substance of abuse was tobacco. Frequency of regular substance abuse in nonmedical undergraduates was 29.4% which was higher than medical graduates (13.4%).
Conclusion: Substance abuse among undergraduates in selected universities in Karachi was overall 20.1%. Male nonmedical undergraduates were more frequently using such substances; tobacco being the most common.
Key Words: Undergraduates students. Karachi. Substance abuse.
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2014, Vol. 24 (7): 515-518
515
Huma Mamun Mahmud, Mehreen Kalam, Amna Nawaz, Saleha Khan, Hira Imam and Osama Ahsan Khan
572
327 (57.2%)
115 (20.1%)
Medical
Non-medical
334
238
undergraduates undergraduates
164 (49.1%)
45 (13.4%)
163 (68.5%)
70 (29.4%)
69/115 (60%)
Heroine
6/115 (5.2%)
Alcohol
Hashish
Metamphetamines
Tranquillizers
Reason of abuse:
Pleasure
To relieve stress
To keep awake
Medically prescribed
Live with:
6/115 (5.2%)
1/115 (0.9%)
3/115 (2.6%)
30/115 (26%)
37/115 (32.1%)
3/115 (2.6%)
2/115 (1.7%)
26/115 (22.6%)
Other places
From friends
35/115 (30.4%)
16/115 (13.9%)
55/115 (47.8%)
Family
57/115 (49.6%)
Friends
6/115 (5.2%)
Self-earned
Others
1/115 (0.9%)
Financial support:
6/115 (5.2%)
8/115 (7%)
18/115 (15.7%)
From family
From campus
RESULTS
20/115 (17.4%)
In hostel
Alone
53/115 (46.1%)
65/115 (56.5%)
Data was collected through self-responding questionnaire which was handed out to the participants whoever
wanted to fill it out and returned it within 10 - 15 minutes
to the researchers. Questionnaire was written in English
and carry demographic data, and a checklist of
responses to certain questions regarding frequency of
abuse, names of substance (s) abused, financial
support, residing with whom, availability of substance,
knowledge of harmful effects, and if they wanted to quit.
0/115 (0%)
Family
Research data was collected by medical undergraduates of semester VIII from Dow International
Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences
Karachi. All the researchers involved in data collection
visited the selected medical and non-medical colleges
during the research duration. Verbal permission was
sought from administration of selected campuses to
collect data and also consent from responders was
taken as their will to fill questionnaire.
40/115 (34.8%)
12/115 (10.4%)
Table III: Pattern of substance abuse among medical and non-medical undergraduates.
Regular substance abusers
Number
Males : Females
Age
115
4.7 : 1.0
2.2 : 1.0
10.6 : 1.0
45
22.23 2.39
22.18 2.58
22.27 2.27
69 (60%)
19 (42.2%)
50 (71.4%)
2.43 1.14
2.73 1.17
53 (46.1%)
57 (49.6%)
21 (46.7%)
Willingness to quit
50 (43.5%)
18 (40%)
516
70
35 (30.4%)
94 (81.7%)
19 (42.2%)
16 (35.6%)
33 (73.3%)
2.24 1.09
34 (48.6%)
19 (27.1%)
36 (51.4%)
61(87.1%)
32 (45.7%)
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2014, Vol. 24 (7): 515-518
Frequency of regular abusers among medical and nonmedical undergraduates is shown in Table I which shows
abuse of substance was more (29.4%) in non-medical
undergraduates than medical (13.4%). Frequencies of
abusing habits among regular abusers is defined in
Table II which shows the commonest substance of
abuse was tobacco in 60%, commonest reason of abuse
is pleasure in 46.1%. Most abusers (56.5%) were living
with their families and getting financial support from
family in 49.6%; 47.8% denied to disclose the source
of substance availability. Table III summarizes pattern
of substance abuse by medical and non-medical undergraduates.
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2014, Vol. 24 (7): 515-518
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Huma Mamun Mahmud, Mehreen Kalam, Amna Nawaz, Saleha Khan, Hira Imam and Osama Ahsan Khan
REFERENCES
10. DeWitt CB, Patrick HH, Scott EC, Carla LS, David VS.
Substance use among senior medical students: a survey of 23
medical schools. JAMA 1991; 265:2074-8.
11. Narcotics Control Division. Anti-Narcotics Force. Drug abuse
assessment study of Pakistan 2000-2003. Islamabad;
Narcotics Control Division; 2003.
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Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan 2014, Vol. 24 (7): 515-518