Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
PRIYASHA SHRESTHA
(066/BAE/229)
RAJANI SHRESTHA
(066/BAE/231)
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank our Building materials lecturer Ar. Dipa Shakya for giving
us this report on Aluminium products by means of which we came to know about
the use of aluminium in various purposes, especially as a building material. Our
gratitude also goes to the aluminium products Distributors, Nu-tech for giving us
insight on aluminium products and their uses in Nepal.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement................................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents..................................................................................................... 3
Introduction............................................................................................................. 4
Properties................................................................................................................ 4
Occurrence.............................................................................................................. 4
Advantages............................................................................................................. 5
Uses........................................................................................................................ 5
Uses in Nepal.......................................................................................................... 6
Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP)...........................................................................6
Application scope.................................................................................................... 6
Windows & Doors.................................................................................................... 7
Other Uses.............................................................................................................. 7
Corrosion resistance and anodization......................................................................8
Market Survey Photos.............................................................................................. 9
Conclusion............................................................................................................. 11
Introduction
Aluminium is the third most abundant material on earth after oxygen and silicon,
making up 8% of the earths crust. Aluminium is created from bauxite ore which is
mined from reserves all over the world. Aluminium is a non- ferrous metal. Pure
aluminium is a very soft metal and hence has to be alloyed with other metals, so
as to make it useful for structural purposes. Aluminium has been highly used as a
building material these days.
Properties
It is highly ductile and malleable metal. Its melting point is 658 degree C and S.G.
2.7. It is a very light metal and resists corrosion very effectively. It possesses
large toughness, and tensile strength. Its color is silvery white, having a high
luster. It can be rolled into sheets. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Aluminium is a soft, durable metal, with appearance ranging from silvery to dull
gray, depending on the surface roughness. It is also insoluble in alcohol, though
it can be soluble in water in certain forms. The yield strength of pure aluminium is
711 MPa, while aluminium alloys have yield strengths ranging from 200 MPa to
600 MPa. Aluminium has about one-third the density and stiffness of steel. It is
easily machined, cast, drawn and extruded.
Occurrence
In the Earth's crust, aluminium is the most abundant (8.3% by weight) metallic
element. Because of its strong affinity to oxygen, it is almost never found in the
elemental state; instead it is found in oxides or silicates. Feldspars, the most
common group of minerals in the Earth's crust, are aluminosilicates. Native
aluminium metal can be found as a minor phase in low oxygen fugacity
environments, such as the interiors of certain volcanoes. People have proposed
a theory of its origin as resulting by reduction from tetrahydroxoaluminate
Al(OH)4- to metallic aluminium by bacteria.
It also occurs in the minerals beryl, cryolite, garnet, spinel and turquoise.[16]
Impurities in Al2O3, such as chromium or cobalt yield the gemstones ruby and
sapphire, respectively. Pure Al2O3, known as corundum, is one of the hardest
materials known.
Advantages
The life cycle of aluminium products is measured in terms of decades rather than
years. As a building material it is durable, requiring little long term maintenance. It
is resistant to corrosion and common industrial pollutants giving aluminium
products a much longer life cycle even in extreme environmental conditions. It is
a material whose production has minimal long term impact to the environment, is
sustainable in terms of hundreds of years and endlessly recyclable. Aluminium
can rightly be said to be the ultimate building material and the building material of
choice for the future.
Uses
Some of the many uses for aluminium metal are in:
Some guitar models sports aluminium diamond plates on the surface of the
instruments, usually either chrome or black. Kramer Guitars and Travis
Bean are both known for having produced guitars with necks made of
aluminium, which gives the instrument a very distinct sound.
Uses in Nepal
In Nepal, Aluminium products are imported from Thailand, China, etc. They are
widely used in doors and windows, in pipes and also in structural elements. In
the beginning, it used to be costlier but now it is cheaper than timber. Aluminium
is imported as channels, at the price of Rs.350 per kg. These channels are cut in
cutting machine called Double meter Saw which cuts the channels from two
different sides. They are trimmed and joined by machines. Drill holes provide
holes for nuts and bolts. In this way, although it is not manufactured in Nepal, the
finishing is done here.
Application scope
1) Building outer wall, curtain wall board, airport, railway station, etc.
2) The old building is repacked and renovates.
3) Balcony, equipment unit, indoor compartment.
6
Other Uses
Partition is one of the important uses of aluminium. Easy, lightweight partition is
used widely in offices, banks and other places where thick walls disturb the flow
of work. It can also be used to make showcase, portable staircases, etc.
Aluminium pipes are also used because they are resistant, durable and easy to
work with. It is also used in shop- fronts. Aluminium has also been used for
household wiring.
decorative items. Modern home appliances and computer systems may utilize
anodized aluminum as protective housing.
10
11
Conclusion
Thus Aluminium has become an important building material especially when it
comes to doors and windows, because of its strength and durability. Gaining
great popularity in Nepal as well, it has also been used widely as aluminium
composite panels. It can be anticipated that it will grow even more fame in the
years to come.
12