Valves

Valves Uses

Stopping & starting flow

Regulating flow
Permitting flow in one direction
Switching flow
Emergency relief flow

General Valve Application

In general, block valves that are used to isolate equipment or process units
shall be of gate, ball or plug type.
Hand control valves shall be of globe type.
Gate valve should not be used in throttling service due to high erosion rate
of gate & seat
Butterfly valves should be used for cooling water service generally, 6 &
larger
Use of globe valves in sizes 3 and larger should be avoided due to high
cost
If valve is used for particular service and it is not shown in piping class,
then it is treated as piping speciality item.

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Characteristics

Use

Limitations

Gate

Gate like disc actuated

by stem, screw & hand
wheel move at right
angle to flow

On-off service

Not good for

throttling service.
Throttling can
cause erosion.

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type
Globe
A) Standard

B) Y Pattern

Characteristics

Use

Disc attached to stem Preferred for

seats on circular
throttling service.
opening. Fluid
changes direction in
passing through valve.

Y-type valve
produces lower
pressure drop &
turbulence than
std. globe &
preferred for
high P/T service

Limitations
Not recommended for
on-off service. Cost &
throttling efficiency
above 6 become
unfavorable. Not
recommended where
solids or corrosives are
present
Same as above

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Characteristics

Use

Limitations

Butterfly
Valve

Circular disc is pivoted

at centre & opened by
turn of external
handle.

Where minimum
pressure drop &
face to face
dimensions is
required. May be
used for throttling

Positive shut-off is not

always possible except
when disc or seals are
coated with elastomers
which may limit max
allowable temperature

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Angle (90)

Characteristics

Similar to globe valve

except inlet & out
make 90 angle

Use

Same as globe.
Used for high
pressure drop
service.

Limitations

Bends in piping system

are subject to strains
that should be placed
on valves.

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Characteristics

Plug Valve

Tampered plug with

hole same shape as
interior of valve
body.

Use

Limitations

On-off service. More May be difficult to

positive shut-off than operate.
gate valve. Also used
for throttling but
characteristics not as
satisfactory as globe
for such service.

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Characteristics

Use

Ball Valve

Related to plug valve

except movable
element is ball.
turn from full open
to full closed

Similar to plug valve.

Low pressure drop
across valve. Full port
valve reduces holdup of solids.

Limitations
Limited temp range
because of elastomer
seats. Gives tighter
shut-off than plug

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Characteristics

Check valve

Use

Limitations

General: prevent back

flow in lines

a) Swing
check

Flow keeps swing

gate open while
reverse flow close
it.

Best for liquids & less

affected by solids in
fluid.

Not suitable for pulsating

flow. Some style operate
only in horizontal
position.

b) Dual
flapper
check

Dual flapper

Lower pressure drop

than swing check

Not suitable for pulsating

flow.

a) Piston
check

Flow pattern as
globe valve

Good for vapor,

Design for horizontal
steam, water. Suitable service. Not
for pulsating flow
recommended over 6
line size & service where
solids

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type
d) Ball
check

Characteristics

Use
Stops flow reversal more
rapidly than others. Good
for viscous fluids. Vertical
& horizontal installation is
possible

Limitations
Not common over size 6
not suitable for pulsating
flow can act as flow
limiting device.

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type
Automatic
Control

Characteristics
Similar in principle to globe
valve but precision built for
accurate automatic control.
Air pressure actuates the
diaphragm causing stem to
move, opening or closing
valve orifice. Double port
valve gives better control
range & require only small
force to move stem.

Use

Limitations
First cost is high. Double
port valves are very
good for tight shut-off.
Control valves which
normally throttle are
subject to wear and are
normally not preferred
for emergency shut-off
purposes. Control valves
often have bypass or
hand wheel. Control
valves require tight shutoff (TSO) or bubble tight
shut-off (BTSO) must be
indicated in P&ID.

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Characteristics

Self-regulating
automatic
control

Sensing element &

control valve in
single unit

Use
When local control
is satisfactory as
fixed pressure
reduction stations

Limitations
Require local
readjustment for any
required changes in
downstream flow or
pressure conditions

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type

Characteristics

Packless
Diaphragm seal the
Diaphragm valve bonnet, seating member
may be separate disc
diaphragm or solid
diaphragm

Use
For corrosive,
volatile , toxic
fluids service
where leakage
cannot be
tolerated

Limitations
Diaphragm may be
rubber like or plastic
material which
cannot withstand
temp above 40 C
Cannot considered as
fire safe due to use
of elastomers

Comparison of Basic Type of valves

Valve Type
Relief valve

Characteristics
Valve opens automatically
when force on seat exceeds
that of spring. Return to
closed position when
pressure drops below set
pressure

Use

Limitations

For protecting
Require periodic
equipment from inspection to insure
overpressure
operability

Valve Arrangements Around Pumps

Gate valves on suction &
discharge for isolation
Check valve to avoid back
flow
Check valve location:
upstream of discharge block
valve & close to pump
nozzle

Exchanger Valving
Upper detail is cheaper,
however it requires
complete shutdown of
cooling system
Lower detail is preferred by
most of clients as it allows
service users without
complete shutdown of
drainage of cooling system

Valve Around Flow meter

Globe valve in bypass to
maintain proper throttling &
regulation
Downstream valve shall be
either globe or needle valve
if needle valve is integral
with rotameter then
downstream valve should
be gate valve.

MOC Changes