Francesc Salmeron Cojo

COED

Summarize about the main ideas of

Public Speaking
Communication has changed, technological innovations have given
rise to new terminology, such as face-to-face communication and
computer-mediated communicated.
The electronic communications has had a tremendous impact on the
decline of writing and organizational skills. The communicator who
can effectively use technology will have a tremendous advantage in
todays job market.
Misconception, fear is based on ignorance. Public speaking is based
includes listening and responding, not only talking.
Public speaking requires skills, practice and experience.
Conversation is the most used and least studied form of speech.
Public speaking is rooted in the study of rhetorical communication. A.
Lunsford: Rhetoric is the art, practice, and study of human
communication.
Corax and Tisias were the first
introduction, body and conclusion.

to

organize

messages

with

Public speaking must be done with confidence, as professionals have

the burden of showing a companys credibility on a subject.
The effective communication is able to speak to both groups
(common
citizens
and
highly
educated
industry
leaders)
simultaneously without insulting either one. The best strategy is to be
genuine, sincere and cordial while acknowledging the strengths and
weakness of both groups.
Communication: means the act of sharing something with others.
Although we may be speaking to a group of people, large or small, we
are still interacting and communicating with one person at a time.
Communicators who realize that fact are, as a result, successful in
achieving their purpose and objectives.
Basic interpersonal communication model includes: sender or source,
receiver or respondent, message, channel and feedback. Also there
are the barriers to effective communication (which involve
communication breakdowns) like channel noise, semantic noise,
psychological noise and emotional noise.

Francesc Salmeron Cojo

COED

Effective speakers will be audience-centered, meaning that they

will seek to maintain the audience interest. Can effectively capture
their attention and motivate them to listen to their message.
Lasswell, communication serves three vital functions in society:
survey the environment, correlate responses and transmit social
inheritance or culture.
Communication always takes place in a context that affects the
nature and intent of ones messages. Jay Leno discovered that the
physical dimension, the space where communication takes place,
has much to do with effective communication.
A major part of the communication process is based on the ethics
(moral principles or rules conduct) of those involved. It is also
important to tell the truth.
The real differences between success and failure in public speaking is
confidence, or the lack thereof, that results in nervousness or anxiety.
Motivation can help us overcome anxiety.
Smith: I keep going because I doubt myself. It drives me to be better.
Ive learned that the mastery of self-doubt is the key to success.
Positive thinking presupposes a firm mind control. When you control
your thoughts you will be able to control your emotions, including fear
and worry.
A primary reason that many people fear public speaking is that they
are afraid to fail. Few are afraid of success. Once a speaker accepts
that the presentation will not be perfect, the anxiety will ordinarily
begin to diminish.
Make sure that you set achievable goals and objectives. Be patient
and positive results will happen soon enough.
James E. Sayer: Effective public speakers are made, not born.
The listeners arent there for you, your message is what matters to
them. Focus on your words and not on your fear. Dont be selfcentered; be message-centered.
Develop a pre-speech routine, as get to the avenue early. When
planning a speech, visualize every aspect of it, from beginning to end.
Employ positive visualization.
IPS (Ideal Performance State), state of being confident, relaxed,
calm, energized positive emotions, challenged, focused, alert,
automatic, instinctive, fun and enjoyment.
Be prepared, practice and rehearse your behaviour.

Francesc Salmeron Cojo

COED

Purpose, is you aim, intention or goal for your speech. There are
usually 3 major purposes in public speaking: to inform, to persuade
and to entertain.
Informative speeches are essentially designed to share knowledge
with the audience by demonstrating, explaining, defining, describing,
reporting or analysing. Persuade speeches are formulated to
accomplish one of several objectives: to convince, to reinforce, to
elicit action or to inspire.
After speaker knows the general purpose of the speech the specific
purpose can be developed. Later, the speaker will formulate a central
idea.
Finding a speech topic, simply try to come up with one that is of
interest both, to the speaker and to the audience. You also need to
limit what you are attempting to do (nor too much nor narrow).
Central idea, is a way of previewing the main points of the speech. 3
types: fact (true or real), value (subjective or judgment evaluation
about an object or action) and policy (involves the need for a plan or
specific course of action) with the intent of influencing the decisions
or actions of others.
Title, good title can get attention of the audience before they even
arrive to hear the speech.
Must know the makeup of the audience, your target. Effective public
speakers or communications try to create a bond with their listeners
by focusing common values, goals, experiences. The process is that of
identification. The kind of audience to whom you will be speaking
can be determined through the use of demographics and
psychographics.
All effective speeches are organized into three parts: begin or
introduction, middle or body and end or conclusion.
Introduction, provides an overview of the speakers topic. Then, the
body details each of the main points and their supporting materials.
On the introduction, speakers need to establish a rapport with the
audience and to gain their attention. Such as humor, storytelling,
quotations, rhetorical questions, statistics, shocking or dramatic
statements physical activities or appearance.
About conclusion: the speaker needs to make it clear that the speech
has ended. Never introduce new material in the conclusion, because
you are basically summarizing what you have just told the audience.
It is necessary to include a restatement of your central idea in the
conclusion and then, to reinforce the points you used in the speech,
summarize them to help add reinforcement to them.

Francesc Salmeron Cojo

COED

The body is the bulk of the speech where the main points be
addressed, developed and supported. Supporting materials are
integral to development of the body. Successful speakers research
their topics. The information that you are presenting to your audience
must be organized in a way that makes sense to them and can be
easily followed.
To be an effective communicator in the real world, one needs to
develop skills for acquiring and using information. You could gather
information in a library, and have to be careful with information find
into the internet.
Categories of supporting materials: illustration and narration,
association, explanation, statistics, expert power, quotation definition,
description, personal experience, reinforcement and visual aids.
Its important to understand that supporting material are used to back
up or prove what speaker is asserting.
A speech is sound and performance. There 4 methods or modes
of delivery: impromptu, read from prepared manuscript, memorized
and extemporaneous.
There are some relatively simple things than can help in developing or
improving ones personal vocal style, such as physical and
nonverbal communication. Ones posture, movements, dress and
involuntary gestures can offer insights into your personality.
Effective speakers will change their voice to emphasize the message.
Speak up and understood. The speaking voice conveys your precise
thoughts and feelings.
Develops your personal style, be natural and be yourself. Ones
personal style is the sum of several factors such as pitch,
volume/loudness, pace/rate and pronunciation/emphasis.