CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, the objective is achieved. As the rotation in the cylinder increases, the radius
of a vortex surface at the axis will increase.

RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The water used in the experiment should be completely clean from dust and no
impurities dissolved in it to avoid the change of water density which will fluctuate the
experiment result.
2. The instrument should be waited to become stable before run the experiment to
avoid from getting inaccurate reading.
3. Time taken of rotation of the impeller for forced vortex flow experiment to achieve 60
seconds, should be taken by using digital stopwatch compared to manual stopwatch
in order to get accurate value.
4. Eyes should be directly proportional to the ruler during taking the reading of h and A
value to avoid parallax error.
5. Wait the position of the vortex to become stable before measuring the diameter and h
value since it is not static.

REFERENCES
1. Procedure of Free And Forced Vortex Flow (2011). Retrieved October 17, 2014, from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/65108622/Fluid-Mechanics-Forced-Vortex-Free-VortexExperiment
2. SOLTEQ Free and Forced Vortex Flow (Model: FM 24) Lab manual CHE523
session September 2014 - January 2015, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Uitm
Shah Alam, Malaysia.
3. J.M. Coulson, J.F. Richardson, J.R. Backhurst, J.H. Harker (2010). Coulson and
Richardsons Chemical Engineering: Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer And Mass Transfer.
Rotational Or Vortex Motion In A Fluid. Elsiever. Vol 1, Sixth Edition, p 52-55.

APPENDICES

ABSTRACT
The objective of this experiment is to study the relationship between the surface shape of
vortex flow and the angular velocity of a rotating liquid in a cylindrical tank. This experiment
is divided into 2 parts which is free and forced vortex. For free vortex, water is filled into the
tank and the angular velocity of the fluid was manipulated by adjusting the control valve to
provide different flow rate of fluid flow. This process is repeated twice to determine the shape
of vortex. For force vortex, impeller was used in the tank and the angular velocity of the fluid
was manipulated by adjusting the control valve. This step is conducted at high and low
angular velocity. From the result......... it can be concluded that