Folds in rocks

crystallisation
mantle
upwards

mountain
rocks
folds

compressive
shells
metamorphosed

oil
sandstone
anticline

forces
downwards
volcanoes

Some of the largest _______ ranges in the world contain sedimentary rocks. For example, the rocks in Mt
Everest were originally laid down under water, and fossil _______ have been found in some of the rocks
on the mountain. Also, many of the rock layers in these mountains are bent and buckled. Huge ________
caused by movements in the ________ cause changes in the Earths crust. These forces result in the
formation of________, and the uplifting and buckling of the solid_______. When this happens the rocks
form_________. The folds which bend _______ to form a U- shape are called synclines. Those that bend
________ like a dome are called anticlines. During folding the rocks in a syncline are subject to enormous
compressive forces. As a result the rock may be ________ (changed) to form new minerals, often
containing large crystals. The ________ forces may also cause the top of an anticline to crack. Later on,
various mineral solutions may flow through these rocks and ________ may occur. Anticlines can also
form a trap for ______, which tends to move upwards through porous rocks like_________. However, it
cannot move through nonporous rocks like shale. As a result, oil is sometimes trapped in an________.
This oil can be tapped by drilling into the anticline.

Faults
The following sentences are out of sequence. Place them in the correct order rewrite the sentences
as a complete paragraph.
Sometimes rocks crack as a result of the huge forces acting on them. Once movement occurs along
a crack, it is called a fault.
The San Andreas Fault in California is a transform fault. It stretches about 1200 kilometres along the
coast, passing through San Francisco and to the north of Los Angeles.
The movement along these faults is responsible for the occasional earthquakes in the Adelaide area.
The Gulf region of South Australia has been formed by a series of faults. Two blocks of crust have
dropped down between faults to form Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent.
Between these sunken blocks, which are called rift valleys, is a block that has been pushed upwards
by the forces below. This block, called a horst, has formed Yorke Peninsula.

A large movement of the blocks on either side of this fault line in 1989 created a major earthquake in
San Francisco, killing at least 62 people.
The earthquakes experienced in this area in recent years appear to be caused by a build-up of
pressure along the fault.
If movement along a fault is sideways, that is, where the blocks of crust slip horizontally past each
other, it is termed a transform fault.

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Describe what folding is and how it is caused.

Explain why the Himalayas are still growing in height.
Recall the difference between a syncline and an anticline.
Explain what causes earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault.
How can you differentiate between a reverse fault and a normal fault?
Describe three types of fault that occur in rocks.
Identify the type of fault that is created when a rock is pulled apart.
Identify an example of a landform that has been created by a fault.