Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
4.1.1 Crisis in the Classical World Explain the responses to common forces of change that
led to the ultimate collapse of classical empires and discuss the consequences of their
collapse.
1. After the western Roman Empire fell to Germanic invaders in the 5th century A.D., the
eastern part of the empire eventually became known as the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Byzantine Empire.
Carthaginian Empire.
Islamic Empire.
Persian Empire.
Answer: A
4.1.2 World Religions Using historical and modern maps and other documents, analyze
the continuing spread of major world religions during this era and describe encounters
between religious groups including
Islam and Christianity (Roman Catholic and Orthodox) increased trade and the
Crusades
Islam and Hinduism in South Asia
Continuing tensions between Catholic and Orthodox Christianity
Answer: A
1. Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived together in peace. Because several Christian and
Jewish prophets, including Adam, Abraham, and Moses, are named in the Quran and
because the Jewish Torah and Christian gospels are recognized as revelations from Allah, the
Muslim rulers called Christians and Jews people of the Book and permitted them much
religious and personal freedom. Jews, especially, enjoyed many liberties, and many Jews
distinguished themselves in science, the arts, and government. Convivencia, a Spanish word
meaning living together, helped make tenth-century al-Andalus the most civilized country
in Europe .
What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The Torah and the Bible were rejected in Muslim Spain.
B. Arabs, Jews and Christians shared houses and places of worship in Muslim Spain.
C. Religious tolerance in Muslim Spain encouraged the growth of a rich and diverse
culture.
D. Spain was trouble by deep-rooted religious conflict.
Answer: C
Answer: A
4.1.3 Trade Networks and Contacts Analyze the development, interdependence,
specialization, and importance of interregional trading systems both within and between
societies including
land-based routes across the Sahara, Eurasia, and Europe
water-based routes across Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, South China Sea, Red and
Mediterranean Seas
1. Based on the map, which conclusion can best be drawn about this region?
A. The Sahara Desert acted as a
barrier to trade.
B. Rivers served as the primary
trade routes for the entire region.
C. The economy of the region was
influenced by extensive trade
connections.
D. Goods from the Gulf of Guinea
were exchanged directly with
English cities.
Answer: C
2. Based on the information provided by this map, which body of water was most likely the
center of Roman trade?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Red Sea
Black Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Answer: D
4.2.1 Growth of Islam and Dar al-Islam [A country, territory, land, or abode where Muslim
sovereignty prevails] Identify and explain the origins and expansion of Islam and the
creation of the Islamic Empire including
The founding geographic extent of Muslim empires and the artistic, scientific,
technological, and economic features of Muslim society
diverse religious traditions of Islam- Sunni, Shia/Shiite, Sufi
role of Dar al-Islam as a cultural, political, and economic force in Afro-Eurasia
the caliphate as both a religious and political institution, and the persistence of other
traditions in the Arab World including Christianity
1. Which practice is most closely associated with a person of the Islamic faith?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
4.2.2 Unification of Eurasia under the Mongols Using historical and modern maps, locate
and describe the geographic patterns of Mongol conquest and expansion and describe the
characteristics of the Pax Mongolica (particularly revival of long-distance trading networks
between China and the Mediterranean world).
1. One similarity between the Mongols of Central Asia and the Incas of South America was that
both societies
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
2. Some historians suggest that as a result of the Mongol invasions of Russia, the Russian
people were
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
Answer: B
2. What conclusion about the effects of the Black Death can be drawn from this map?
A. It did not spread beyond
Europe.
B. It was most severe in Europe,
but was also found in North
Africa and Asia.
C. It affected only crowded,
urban areas.
D. It spread rapidly throughout
the Russian states.
Answer: B
4.3.1 Africa to 1500 Describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies and the
significant changes in African society by
comparing and contrasting at least two of the major states/civilizations of East,
South, and West Africa (Aksum, Swahili Coast, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, Songhai)
in terms of environmental, economic, religious, political, and social structures
using historical and modern maps to identify the Bantu migration patterns and
describe their contributions to agriculture, technology and language
analyzing the African trading networks by examining trans-Saharan trade in gold
and salt and connect these to interregional patterns of trade
analyzing the development of an organized slave trade within and beyond Africa
analyzing the influence of Islam and Christianity on African culture and the
blending of traditional African beliefs with new ideas from Islam and Christianity
1. What generalization can be made on the basis of these statements?
Timbuktu is known as a great center of learning and trade.
Walls of Great Zimbabwe reveal a powerful and rich society.
Complex culture produces brass sculptures in Benin.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Religious beliefs were the most important element in many African societies.
Some African societies achieved a high level of economic and cultural development.
North African societies were more advanced than South African societies.
Most African societies were hundreds of years behind Asian societies in using.
technology
Answer: B
2. Which civilization best completes the heading of the partial outline below?
I. ______________________________
A. Spread of Islam
B. Gold and salt trade
C. Growth of Timbuktu
D. Pilgrimage of Mansa Musa
A.
B.
C.
D.
Benin
Kush
Mali
Egyptian
Answer: C
3. One way in which the Silk Roads and the West African trade routes are similar is that along
both routes
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
4.3.2 The Americas to 1500 Describe the diverse characteristics of early American
civilizations and societies in North, Central, and South America by comparing and
contrasting the major aspects (government, religion, interactions with the environment,
economy, and social life) of American Indian civilizations and societies such as the Maya,
Aztec, Inca, Pueblo, and/or Eastern Woodland peoples.
1. One similarity of the Aztec, Maya, and Inca empires is that they
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
2. Which statement about the Aztec and Incan civilizations is a fact rather than an opinion?
A. The Incas had a culture that was superior to the Aztec culture.
B. Incan temples and Aztec calendars are the best examples of advanced science and
technology.
C. Religion, art, and science were better in Aztec and Incan cities than they were in
European cities.
D. Both the Incas and the Aztecs had large urban areas with governmental and religious
buildings.
Answer: D
3. The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing system both illustrate that preColumbian cultures in the Americas
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
4.3.3 China to 1500 Explain how Chinese dynasties responded to the internal and external
challenges caused by ethnic diversity, physical geography, population growth and Mongol
invasion to achieve relative political stability, economic prosperity, and technological
innovation.
1. The ancient cultures of both the Incas and the Chinese adapted to the physical geography of
their region by
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. One way in which the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were similar is that both
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
4.3.4 The Eastern European System and the Byzantine Empire to 1500 Analyze
restructuring of the Eastern European system including
the rise and decline of the Byzantine Empire
the regions unique spatial location
the regions political, economic, and religious transformations
emerging tensions between East and West
1. Which title best completes the partial outline?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Age of Discovery
Byzantium Empire
Persian Empire
Crusades
I._______________________
A. Incorporation of European and Arabic
ideas in architecture
B. Preservation of Greco-Roman ideas
C. Spread of Orthodox Christianity into
Russia
D. Development of Justinian Code
Answer: B
2. For many in the contemporary Arab world, the Crusades are viewed as having begun
nearly a millennium of conflict with what would become the West. The Crusades are seen as
representing the constant threat of Western encroachment [trespassing]. But many scholars
say that is a more recent and inaccurate view of the Crusades .
- Mike Shuster, reporter, NPR
The Medieval Crusades were taken and then turned into something that they never
really were in the first place. They were turned into a kind of a proto-imperialism, an attempt
to bring the fruits of European civilization to the Middle East, when, in fact, during the
Middle Ages the great sophisticated and wealthy power was the Muslim world. Europe was
the Third World. . . .
- Thomas Madden, St. Louis University, History of relations between the
West and Middle East, NPR, All Things Considered, August 17, 2004
These statements indicate that the history of the Crusades
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
4.3.5 Western Europe to 1500 Explain the workings of feudalism, manoralism, and the
growth of centralized monarchies and city-states in Europe including
the role and political impact of the Roman Catholic Church in European medieval
society
how agricultural innovation and increasing trade led to the growth of towns and
cities
the role of the Crusades, 100 Years War, and the Bubonic Plague in the early
development of centralized nation-states
the cultural and social impact of the Renaissance on Western and Northern Europe
1. The introduction of gunpowder helped bring an end to feudalism.
The printing press played an important role in causing the Reformation.
The statements above best reflect the idea that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
2. Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Self-sufficiency
Inflation
Trade embargo
Competition
Answer: A
3. The Peace of God declared that feudal warfare could not take place on church property, and
it promised sanctuary in churches and abbeys to fugitives from combat. The Truce of God
forbade fighting from Wednesday evening until Monday morning, on holidays, and during
the religious seasons of Christmas and Lent
- Medieval and Early Modern Times
This selection tells us that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
5.1.1 Emerging Global System Analyze the impact of increased oceanic travel including
changes in the global system of trade, migration, and political power as compared to the
previous era.
1. The Age of Exploration led directly to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. Venice in Europe, Mogadishu in Africa, and Canton in China emerged during the 13th century
primarily as important centers of
A.
B.
C.
D.
agriculture.
trade.
manufacturing.
mining.
Answer: B
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5.1.2 World Religions Use historical and modern maps to analyze major territorial
transformations and movements of world religions including the expulsion of Muslims and
Jews from Spain, Christianity to the Americas, and Islam to Southeast Asia, and evaluate
the impact of these transformations/movements on the respective human systems.
1. One similarity between Japanese Shintoism and African animism is the belief that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. Buddhism is introduced into Japan around A.D. 1200.
Islam extends from the Middle East into Spain by A.D. 732.
Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s.
Each of the statements above reflects the concept of
A.
B.
C.
D.
cultural diffusion.
urbanization.
civil disobedience.
isolationism.
Answer: A
5.2.1 European Exploration/Conquest and Columbian Exchange Analyze the
demographic, environmental, and political consequences of European oceanic travel and
conquest and of the Columbian Exchange in the late 15th and 16th centuries by
describing the geographic routes used in the exchange of plants, animals, and
pathogens among the continents in the late 15th and the 16th centuries
explaining how forced and free migrations of peoples (push/pull factors) and the
exchange of plants, animals, and pathogens impacted the natural environments,
political institutions, societies, and commerce of European, Asian, African, and the
American societies
1. What was a significant effect of the Columbian exchange?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
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2. They [Zheng He and his men] were directed to ... open trade contacts.... The densely
populated regions of southern China were experiencing repeated epidemics ... and the herbs
believed to be effective in controlling them had become impossible to obtain because of the
earlier ban on foreign trade.
The issue under discussion in this passage is
A.
B.
C.
D.
urbanization.
interdependence.
revolution.
immigration.
Answer: B
3. Maize and potatoes were grown in Europe.
Millions of Africans suffered during the Middle Passage.
Smallpox had devastating effects on indigenous peoples.
Spanish language is used in much of Latin America.
Which global interaction is illustrated by these statements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
5.2.2 Trans-African and Trans-Atlantic Slave Systems Analyze the emerging transAtlantic slave system and compare it to other systems of labor existing during this era by
using historical and modern maps and other data to analyze the causes and
development of the Atlantic trade system, including economic exchanges, the
diffusion of Africans in the Americas (including the Caribbean and South America),
and the Middle Passage
comparing and contrasting the trans-Atlantic slave system with the African slave
system and another system of labor existing during this era (e.g., serfdom,
indentured servitude, corvee labor, wage labor)
1. What was a direct result of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade on African cultures?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
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Answer: C
5.3.1 Ottoman Empire through the 18th Century Analyze the major political, religious,
economic, and cultural transformations in the Ottoman Empire by
using historical and modern maps to describe the empires origins (Turkic
migrations), geographic expansion, and contraction
analyzing the impact of the Ottoman rule
1. It would be wrong to call the Ottoman Empire a purely Islamic state. It was not. It was a
state that claimed some kind of an attachment, some kind of allegiance to Islam, but
combined it with other forms of heritage from the Byzantine tradition or from the Turkic
tradition that did not really correspond to Islam. So they always had this very, very
pragmatic approach to Islam.
- Professor Edhem Eldem,
This author is suggesting that during the Ottoman Empire
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. What is a major contribution of the Byzantine Empire to global history?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
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5.3.2 East Asia through the 18th Century Analyze the major political, religious, economic,
and cultural transformations in East Asia by
analyzing the major reasons for the continuity of Chinese society under the Ming
and Qing dynasties, including the role of Confucianism, the civil service, and
Chinese oceanic exploration
analyzing the changes in Japanese society by describing the role of geography in the
development of Japan, the policies of the Tokugawa Shogunate, and the influence of
China on Japanese society
1. Which statement about government during the Tokugawa period in Japan is most accurate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
5.3.3 South Asia/India through the 18th Century Analyze the global economic significance
of India and the role of foreign influence in the political, religious, cultural, and economic
transformations in India and South Asia including the Mughal Empire and the beginnings
of European contact.
1. Unlike Louis XIV of France, Akbar, the Mughal ruler of India, strengthened his control of his
state by
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
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5.3.4 Russia through the 18th Century Analyze the major political, religious, economic,
and cultural transformations in Russia including
Russian imperial expansion and top-down westernization/modernization
the impact of its unique location relative to Europe and Asia
the political and cultural influence (e.g., written language) of Byzantine Empire,
Mongol Empire, and Orthodox Christianity
1. Which Russian rulers goals are described in the poem?
. . . Here a new city shall be wrought [built]. . . .
Shall break a window to the West. . .
Here flags of foreign nations all
By waters new to them will call. . . .
Alexander Pushkin, The Bronze Horseman
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
5.3.5 Europe through the 18th Century Analyze the major political, religious, cultural
and economic transformations in Europe by
explaining the origins, growth, and consequences of European overseas expansion,
including the development and impact of maritime power in Asia and land control
in the Americas
analyzing transformations in Europes state structure, including the rising military,
bureaucratic, and nationalist power of European states including absolutism
analyzing how the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and the
Enlightenment contributed to transformations in European society
analyzing the transformation of the European economies including mercantilism,
capitalism, and wage labor
1. In the mid-1700s, how did trade contribute to the early growth of an industrial economy in
Great Britain?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
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2. Louis XIV and Peter the Great would most likely agree with the expression
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
3. Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
5.3.6 Latin America through the 18th Century Analyze colonial transformations in Latin
America, including
the near-elimination of American Indian civilizations and peoples
social stratifications of the population (e.g., peninsulares, creoles, mestizos)
the regional and global role of silver and sugar
resource extraction and the emerging system of labor (e.g., mita, slavery)
1. Which outcome was a direct result of the social structure established during European
colonization of Latin America?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. The encomienda system in colonial Latin America led to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
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Answer: D
6.1.1 Global Revolutions Analyze the causes and global consequences of major political
and industrial revolutions focusing on changes in relative political and military power,
economic production, and commerce.
1. One similarity in the leadership of Jomo Kenyatta, Jos de San Martn, and Sun Yixian (Sun
Yat-sen) is that they
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. The Enlightenment and the American Revolution were both major influences on 19th-century
uprisings in
A.
B.
C.
D.
Latin America.
the Middle East.
Vietnam.
Japan.
Answer: A
3. The principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many
ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
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6.1.2 World-wide Migrations and Population Changes Analyze the causes and
consequences of shifts in world population and major patterns of long-distance migrations
of Europeans, Africans, and Asians during this era, including the impact of industrialism,
imperialism, changing diets, and scientific advances on worldwide demographic trends.
1. Which of these events was most responsible for the increase in urban population in 19thcentury European cities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. Base your answer to the following question on the 19th century song lyrics below and on your
knowledge of social studies.
What has poor Ireland done, mother,What has poor Ireland done,
That the world looks on, and sees us starve,
Perishing one by one?
Do the men of England care not, mother, The great men and the high, For the suffering sons of Erins isle,
Whether they live or die
-A.M. Edmond,
Give Me Three Grains of Corn, Mother
Which event is most closely associated with the conditions described in these lyrics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Civil war
Famine
Glorious Revolution
Independence from Great Britain
Answer: B
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Answer: C
2. One way in which Emperor Meiji and Ataturk are similar is that they both promoted
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
6.1.4 Changes in Economic and Political Systems Compare the emerging economic and
political systems (industrialism and democracy) with the economic and political systems of
the previous era (agriculture and absolutism).
1. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. ____________________
A. Writings of Thomas Hobbes
B. Divine right theory
C. Centralization of political power
D. Reign of Louis XIV
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
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2. By the 1700s, in which nation were conditions best suited for the Industrial Revolution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
France
Germany
Spain
England
Answer: D
6.1.5 Interpreting Europes Increasing Global Power Describe Europes increasing global
power between 1500 and 1900, and evaluate the merits of the argument that this rise was
caused by factors internal to Europe (e.g., Renaissance, Reformation, demographic,
economic, and social changes) or factors external to Europe (e.g., decline of Mughal and
Ottoman empires and the decreasing engagement of China and Japan in global
interactions).
1. Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. The White Mans Burden
Take up the White Mans burden
Send forth the best ye breed
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives need;
To wait, in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new-caught, sullen peoples,
Half-devil and half-child.
-Rudyard Kipling, 1899
The message of this poem was used by many Europeans to justify
A.
B.
C.
D.
industrialism.
imperialism.
feudalism.
fascism.
Answer: B
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
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6.2.1 Political Revolutions Analyze the Age of Revolutions by comparing and contrasting
the political, economic, and social causes and consequences of at least three political and/or
nationalistic revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Mexican or other Latin American, or
Chinese Revolutions)
1. The principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many
ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. The American Revolution influenced independence movements in South America by
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
3. Americans today, and perhaps to a greater extent than ever before, who live within the
Spanish system, occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or
at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. . . .
This quotation, written in September 1815, represents the views of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Martin Luther.
Catherine the Great.
Simon Bolivar.
Adam Smith.
Answer: C
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6.2.2 Growth of Nationalism and Nation-states Compare and contrast the rise of the
nation-states in a western context (e.g., Germany, Italy) and non-western context (e.g.,
Meiji Japan).
1. The unification of Germany (187071) and the breakup of Yugoslavia after 1991 both
illustrate the influence of
A.
B.
C.
D.
imperialism.
industrialization.
westernization.
nationalism.
Answer: D
2. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?
I. _________________________________
A. Unification of Italy
B. Formation of the Indian National Congress
C. Founding of the Muslim League
D. Breakup of Austria-Hungary
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
3. One way in which Emperor Meiji and Atatrk are similar is that they both promoted
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
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Answer: D
2. The primary reason France and Japan were interested in controlling parts of Indochina in the
20th century was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
3. In the Manufacture of Woollens, the Scribbling Mill, the Spinning Frame, and the Fly
Shuttle, have reduced manual Labour nearly One third, and each of them at its first
Introduction carried an Alarm to the Work People, yet each has contributed to advance the
Wages and to increase the Trade, so that if an Attempt was now made to deprive us of the
Use of them, there is no Doubt, but every Person engaged in the Business, would exert
himself to defend them. . . .
- Letter from Leeds Cloth Merchants, 1791
These quotations reveal different viewpoints associated with
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
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6.2.4 Imperialism Analyze the political, economic, and social causes and consequences of
imperialism by
using historical and modern maps and other evidence to analyze and explain the
causes and global consequences of nineteenth-century imperialism, including
encounters between imperial powers (Europe, Japan) and local peoples in India,
Africa, Central Asia, and East Asia
describing the connection between imperialism and racism, including the social
construction of race
comparing British policies in South Africa and India, French polices in Indochina,
and Japanese policies in Asia
analyze the responses to imperialism by African and Asian peoples
Note: Teachers might also include the expansion of the United States in studying Imperialism
1. One way in which the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China are similar
is that both attempted to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. The annexation of Korea and Japans invasion of Manchuria were attempts by Japan to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
3. A common goal of the Salt March in India, the Boxer Rebellion in China, and the Zulu
resistance in southern Africa was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
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6.3.1 Europe Analyze the economic, political, and social transformations in Europe by
analyzing and explaining the impact of economic development on European society
explaining how democratic ideas and revolutionary conflicts influenced European
society, noting particularly their influence on religious institutions, education, family
life, and the legal and political position of women
using historical and modern maps to describe how the wars of the French
Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods and growing nationalism changed the
political geography of Europe and other regions (e.g., Louisiana Purchase)
1. How did the French Revolution affect the Latin American independence movements?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
2. Which development caused the other three?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
6.3.2 East Asia Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations in East Asia by
explaining key events in the modernization of Japan (Meiji Restoration) and the
impact of the Russo-Japanese War
describing key events in the decline of Qing China, including the Opium Wars and
the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions
1. The Opium Wars of the mid-19th century marked the beginning of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
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2. Which action taken by the Meiji government encouraged industrialization in 19th century
Japan?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
6.3.3 Africa Evaluate the different experiences of African societies north and south of the
Sahara with imperialism (e.g., Egypt, Ethiopia and the Congo).
1. One of the most important motives for the European Scramble for Africa in the late 1800s
was that Africa provided a source of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
7.1.1 Increasing Government and Political Power Explain the expanding role of state
power in managing economies, transportation systems, and technologies, and other social
environments, including its impact of the daily lives of their citizens. (See 7.3.2)
7.1.2 Comparative Global Power Use historical and modern maps and other sources to
analyze and explain the changes in the global balance of military, political, and economic
power between 1900 and 1945 (including the changing role of the United States and those
resisting foreign domination).
1. What conclusion can be drawn from the information on this graph?
A. Japan stopped its territorial expansion before 1910.
B. By 1905, Japan had acquired less than 400,000 square miles
of additional territory.
C. Japanese territorial expansion increased most rapidly between
1900 and 1905.
D. Most of Japans territory was acquired between 1895 and
1900.
Answer: C
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2. One reason the Japanese followed a policy of expansionism before World War II was to gain
A.
B.
C.
D.
warm-water ports.
control of Tibet.
additional natural resources.
control of the Suez Canal.
Answer: C
3. Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia (1935)
Germany Takes the Rhineland Back (1936)
Germany and Russia Divide Poland(1939)
These headlines might be used to illustrate the weakness of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
United Nations.
Warsaw Pact.
Congress of Vienna.
League of Nations.
Answer: D
7.1.3 Twentieth Century Genocide Use various sources including works of journalists,
journals, oral histories, films, interviews, and writings of participants to analyze the causes
and consequences of the genocides of Armenians, Romas (Gypsies), and Jews, and the mass
exterminations of Ukrainians and Chinese.
1. What is the main idea of this 1995 cartoon?
A. The United Nations supported the
Serbians in Kosovo.
B. The United Nations was
ineffective in it attempt to end
genocide in Kosovo.
C. Killing in Kosovo stopped
because of United Nations
reprimands.
D. The Serbians lost the battle for
Kosovo.
Answer: B
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coalition rule.
liberation theology.
universal suffrage.
human rights violations.
Answer: D
7.1.4 Global Technology Describe significant technological innovations and scientific
breakthroughs in transportation, communication, medicine, and warfare and analyze how
they both benefited and imperiled humanity.
1. The technology developed during World War I resulted in
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
2. . . . We cannot and must not allow ourselves to have the message of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki fade completely from our minds, and we cannot allow our vision or ideals to fade,
either. For if we do, we have but one course left for us. And that flash of light will not only
rob us of our vision, but it will rob us of our lives, our progeny [descendants], and our very
existence.
- Tadatoshi Akiba, Mayor of Hiroshima
With which issue is Mayor Akiba most concerned?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
28
7.1.5 Total War Compare and contrast modern warfare and its resolution with warfare in
the previous eras; include analysis of the role of technology and civilians.
1. Some recent work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard, which has been communicated to me in
manuscript, leads me to expect that the element uranium may be turned into a new and
important source of energy in the immediate future.
- Albert Einstein, letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, August 2, 1939
The development referred to in Einsteins letter led directly to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
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7.2.1 World War I Analyze the causes, characteristics, and long-term consequences of
World War I by
analyzing the causes of the war including nationalism, industrialization, disputes
over territory, systems of alliances, imperialism, and militarism
analyzing the distinctive characteristics and impacts of the war on the soldiers and
people at home
explaining the major decisions made in the Versailles Treaty and analyzing its
spatial and political consequences, including the mandate system, reparations, and
national self-determination around the globe
1. According to some historians, Europes system of alliances prior to 1914 increased the
likelihood that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
2. Why did most of the combat on the Western Front in World War I take place in a relatively
small area?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
3. A major goal of France and Great Britain at the Conference of Versailles following World
War I was to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
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Answer: C
7.2.2 Inter-war Period Analyze the transformations that shaped world societies between
World War I and World War II by
examining the causes and consequences of the economic depression on different
regions, nations, and the globe
describing and explaining the rise of fascism and the spread of communism in
Europe and Asia
comparing and contrasting the rise of nationalism in China, Turkey, and India
1. One way Fascist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s gained popular support was by
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
2. Which statement about the worldwide Depression of the 1930s is a fact rather than an
opinion?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
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3. Based on the maps, what was one outcome of the redrawing of European borders following
World War I?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer:
7.2.3 World War II Analyze the causes, course, characteristics, and immediate
consequences of World War II by
explaining the causes of World War II, including aggression and conflict
appeasement that led to war in Europe and Asia (e.g., Versailles Treaty provisions,
Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Spanish Civil War, rape of Nanjing, annexation of
Austria & Sudetenland)
explaining the Nazi ideology, policies, and consequences of the Holocaust (or Shoah)
analyzing the major turning points and unique characteristics of the war
explaining the spatial and political impact of the Allied negotiations on the nations
of Eastern Europe and the world
analyzing the immediate consequences of the wars end including the devastation,
effects on population, dawn of the atomic age, the occupation of Germany and
Japan
describing the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as global
superpowers
1. One immediate result of World War II was that
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
32
2. Why did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty with Stalin on the eve of World War II?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
3. The economic recovery of Japan following World War II focused primarily on
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
4. But this trial has shown that under the stress of a national crisis, ordinary meneven able
and extraordinary mencan delude [fool] themselves into the commission of crimes and
atrocities so vast and heinous [terrible] that they beggar [shock] the imagination.
- Judgment at Nuremberg
This quotation is referring to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
5. The significance of the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, was that it
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
6. One major purpose of the Yalta Conference in 1945 was to decide
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
33
Answer: A
2. Unification of German States (1865-1871)
Establishment of Indian National Congress Party (1885)
Chinese Revolution (1911)
Mexicos seizure of foreign-owned industries (1930s)
These events illustrate the desire of various nations to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
7.3.1 Russian Revolution Determine the causes and results of the Russian Revolution
from the rise of Bolsheviks through the conclusion of World War II, including the five-year
plans, collectivization of agriculture, and military purges.
1. Vladimir Lenins New Economic Policy differed from Joseph Stalins Five-Year Plan
because New Economic Policy
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
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2. One of the major causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
3. Which practice was similar under the rule of the Bolsheviks in Russia and of the Nazi Party
in Germany?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
7.3.2 Europe and Rise of Fascism and Totalitarian States Compare the ideologies, policies,
and governing methods of at least two 20th-century dictatorial regimes (Germany, Italy,
Spain, and the Soviet Union) with those absolutist states in earlier eras.
1. A study of the fall of the Roman Empire (476) and of the collapse of the Soviet Union (1991)
shows that powerful empires can
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
2. Which factor most hindered the efforts of both Napoleon and Hitler to conquer Russia?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Climate
Fortification
Advanced technology
Lack of ports
Answer: A
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3. During the 1930s and 1940s, Nazis in Germany and Fascists in Italy promoted policies that
emphasized
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
7.3.3 Asia Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations that occurred in
this era, including
Japanese imperialism
Chinese nationalism, the emergence of communism, and civil war
Indian independence struggle
1. Between 1945 and 1947, the differences between the Hindus and the Muslims in India led to
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sepoy Mutiny.
Salt March.
policy of nonalignment.
partitioning of the subcontinent.
Answer: D
2. (1) Internally, arouse the masses of the people. That is, unite the working class, the peasantry,
the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie, form a domestic united front under
the leadership of the working class, and advance from this to the establishment of a state
which is a peoples democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class and
based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
(2) Externally, unite in a common struggle with those nations of the world which treat us as
equals and unite with the peoples of all countries. That is, ally ourselves with the Soviet
Union, with the Peoples Democracies and with the proletariat and the broad masses of the
people in all other countries, and form an international united front. . . .
Source: Mao Tse-Tung [Mao Zedong], Selected Works, Volume Five,
1945-1949, New York International Publishers
In this passage, Mao Zedong is using the ideas of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Thomas Malthus
Adam Smith
Karl Marx
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
Answer: C
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
36
3. (1) Internally, arouse the masses of the people. That is, unite the working class, the peasantry,
the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie, form a domestic united front under
the leadership of the working class, and advance from this to the establishment of a state
which is a peoples democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class and
based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
(2) Externally, unite in a common struggle with those nations of the world which treat us as
equals and unite with the peoples of all countries. That is, ally ourselves with the Soviet
Union, with the Peoples Democracies and with the proletariat and the broad masses of the
people in all other countries, and form an international united front. . . .
Source: Mao Tse-Tung [Mao Zedong], Selected Works, Volume Five,
1945-1949, New York International Publishers
In this passage, Mao Zedong is suggesting that China
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
7.3.4 The Americas Analyze the political, economic and social transformations that
occurred in this era, including
economic imperialism (e.g., dollar diplomacy)
foreign military intervention and political revolutions in Central and South America
nationalization of foreign investments
1. Beginning in 1929, the value of Chiles exports fell by 80%, and the value of exports from
other Latin American countries fell by at least 50%.
This change in the economy of Latin America was the result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
37
2. The development of the Marshall Plan and the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) were part of President Harry Trumans effort to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
3. . . . we shall fight for the things which have always been nearest our hearts, for
democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own
governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal domination of rights
by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the
world itself at last free. . . .
- President Woodrow Wilson
This statement by President Wilson is directly advocating the idea of
A.
B.
C.
D.
disarmament.
national self-determination.
territorial readjustments.
balance of power.
Answer: B
7.3.5 Middle East Analyze the political, economic, and social transformations that
occurred in this era, including
the decline of the Ottoman Empire
changes in the Arab world including the growth of Arab nationalism, rise of Arab
nation-states, and the increasing complexity (e.g., political, geographic, economic,
and religious) of Arab peoples
the role of the Mandate system
the discovery of petroleum resources
1. Which statement best expresses the key issue in the continuing dispute between Israelis and
Arabs?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
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2. Since the 1970s, the wealth of many Middle Eastern nations was increased by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
8.1.1 Origins of the Cold War Describe the factors that contributed to the Cold War
including the differences in ideologies and policies of the Soviet bloc and the West; political,
economic, and military struggles in the 1940s and 1950s; and development of Communism
in China.
1. NATO was created in order to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
2. The Warsaw Treaty was developed in 1955 in response to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
3. The main idea of this 1949 cartoon is that the United Nations would
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
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8.1.2 Cold War Conflicts Describe the major arenas of conflict, including
the ways the Soviet Union and the United States attempted to expand power and
influence in Korea and Vietnam
ideological and military competition in THREE of the following areas: Congo,
Cuba, Mozambique, Angola, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Bolivia, Chile, Indonesia, and
Berlin
the arms and space race
1. French intent to recolonize Indo-China after World War II
United States desire to prevent the spread of communism
United States support for the French in Southeast Asia
These ideas are most closely associated with the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
2. Although Cuba has lost support from many nations, one reason Fidel Castro has remained in
power is that he has
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
8.1.3 End of the Cold War Develop an argument to explain the end of the Cold War and
its significance as a 20th-century event, and the subsequent transitions from bi-polar to
multi-polar center(s) of power.
1. The destruction of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union signify the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: A
40
2. Which statement best describes the main point in the political cartoon?
A. Nuclear proliferation occurs in all
societies.
B. Actions of one nation often affect
other nations.
C. Nuclear technology should be
limited to the global superpowers.
D. Most governments are critical of
Indias nuclear tests.
Answer: B
Answer: A
8.1.4 Mapping the 20th Century Using post-WWI, post-WWII, height of Cold War, and
current world political maps, explain the changing configuration of political boundaries in
the world caused by the World Wars, the Cold War, and the growth of nationalist sovereign
states (including Israel, Jordan, Palestine).
1. Since 1948, a major reason for the conflict between Arabs and Israelis is that each side
A.
B.
C.
D.
wants the huge oil reserves that lie under the disputed land.
believes that the United States favors the other side in the conflict.
claims sovereignty over the same land.
seeks to control trade on the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.
Answer: C
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8.2.1 The Legacy of Imperialism Analyze the complex and changing legacy of imperialism
in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America during and after the Cold War such as
apartheid, civil war in Nigeria, Vietnam, Cuba, Guatemala, and the changing nature of
exploitation of resources (human and natural).
1. What is the main idea of the cartoon?
A. The original causes of Apartheid
have not been eliminated.
B. Apartheid improved race relations in
South America.
C. Peace can be achieved by nonviolence.
D. Hate is caused by poverty.
Answer: A
Answer: B
8.2.3 Middle East Analyze the interregional causes and consequences of conflicts in the
Middle East, including the development of the state of Israel, Arab-Israeli disputes,
Palestine, the Suez crisis, and the nature of the continuing conflict.
1. We advocate a government based on legal principles established in the Koran (Quran).
Which political event would most likely be associated with this statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: B
World History and Geography Assessments May 2009
42
2. Which basic belief characterized the totalitarian governments of Benito Mussolini and
Saddam Hussein?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: C
3. The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations since 1948 was often considered part of the
Cold War primarily because
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer: D
43